Abstract: A liquid crystal display comprising an upper substrate having the inner surface on which an upper electrode and an upper grating film having surface undulation are laminated; a lower substrate having the inner surface on which a lower electrode and a lower grating film having surface undulation are laminated, the said inner surface of the lower substrate being located facing the inner surface of the upper substrate; and the liquid crystal having dielectric anisotropy which is sealed in the space between the upper substrate and the lower substrate is presented. The liquid crystal display may accomplish wide viewing angles and high contrast ratio.

Abstract: A bistable nematic liquid crystal device includes an array of upstanding features (10) on at least one cell wall (2). The features (10) have a shape and/or orientation to induce the liquid crystal director adjacent the features (10) to adopt two different tilt angles in substantially the same azimuthal direction. The arrangement is such that two stable liquid crystal molecular configurations can exist after suitable electrical signals have been applied to the electrodes (12, 14).

Abstract: Multi-domain liquid crystal display including a first substrates and a second substrate, a liquid crystal layer between the first and second substrates, a plurality of gatelines and datalines on the first substrate crossed each other at fixed intervals, a pixel electrode in each of pixel regions formed between the gatelines and the datalines, a supplementary electrode around each of the pixel electrodes in the same layer with the pixel electrodes, at least one field induction window in each of the pixel regions, and an optical orientation film formed at least one of the first and second substrates.

Abstract: An optically compensated birefringence mode liquid crystal display device includes first and second substrates facing and spaced apart from each other, a liquid crystal material layer between the first and second substrates, the liquid crystal material layer having a splay state when a voltage is not applied and having a bend state when a transition voltage is applied, a first compensation film on an outer surface of the first substrate, a first polarizing plate on the first compensation film, a second compensation film on an outer surface of the second substrate, and a second polarizing plate on the second compensation film, wherein the liquid crystal material layer in the splay state has a first retardation value (R1) satisfying according to: 1.35<R1/?<1.75 the liquid crystal material layer in the bend state has a second retardation value (R2) according to: 0.5<R2/?<0.7 when a white voltage for a white image is applied, and a third retardation value (R3) according to: 0.1<R3/?<0.

Abstract: A multi-domain liquid crystal display device includes: first and second substrates opposing each other; a plurality of gate lines and data lines on the first substrate lengthwise and crosswise, to define a pixel region; a common auxiliary electrode on a layer equal to the gate lines to surround the pixel region; a gate insulating film on the first substrate; a passivation film on the gate insulating film including the first substrate; a pixel electrode in the pixel region; a light-shielding layer on the second substrate; a color filter layer on the light-shielding layer; a common electrode on the color filter layer; a plurality of electric field distortion dielectric structures patterned in different forms within neighboring pixels; an alignment film on at least one of the first and second substrates; and a liquid crystal layer between the first substrate and the second substrate.

Abstract: In a liquid crystal display of the present invention, a pixel electrode (6) provided on each pixel is comprised of rectangular first electrode (6a) and second electrode (6b) and a connecting portion (6c) connecting the first electrode (6a) to the second electrode (6b). The connecting portion (6c) has a transverse sectional area smaller than those of the first electrode (6a) and the second electrode 6(b). Upon a current having a predetermined value or more flowing through the connecting portion (6c), the first electrode (6a) and the second electrode (6b) are electrically disconnected.

Abstract: The invention provides a transflective liquid crystal display device that has less defects, such as incidental images both in reflective display and transmissive display modes, and that has high luminance and high contrast. The liquid crystal display device according to the invention can include a liquid crystal layer sandwiched between a pair of substrates. Each dot area of the display device has a reflective display area and at least two transmissive display areas. The liquid crystal layer can include liquid crystal with negative dielectric anisotropy. The initial alignment state of molecules of the liquid crystal is vertical. An adjusting layer is provided between the liquid crystal layer and one substrate of the pair of substrates. The adjusting layer makes the thickness of the liquid crystal layer different in the reflective display area and the transmissive display area and is provided in the reflective display area.

Abstract: Equipment for aligning liquid crystals is provided, comprising a first unit to form a first alignment layer and a second alignment layer on a first substrate group and a second substrate group, respectively; a second unit spaced apart from the first unit so as to receive the first and second substrate groups passed through the first unit; an alignment unit disposed between the first and second units, the alignment unit to provide a liquid crystal alignment part over the first alignment layer of the first substrate group while the first substrate group is transported through a first path from the first unit to the second unit; and a transportation unit disposed between the first and second units, the transportation unit to transport the second substrate group through a second path from the first unit to the second unit.

Abstract: A liquid crystal display device includes a first substrate having a plurality of pixel regions, a plurality of gate and data lines on the first substrate, a thin film transistor at a crossing portion of the gate and data lines, a first auxiliary electrode under the data line, a plurality of second auxiliary electrodes in a horizontal direction of the pixel region, a pixel electrode in the pixel region, a plurality of protrusions on a second substrate, the protrusions being formed between the second auxiliary electrodes, and a liquid crystal layer between the first and second substrates.

Abstract: In a liquid crystal device a substrate (1) favors at least two stable or metastable differently directed liquid crystal alignments, and switching means for causing the liquid crystal material to switch between the alignments includes means arranged for optically irradiating said device. The latter may provide linearly polarized light (3) for inducing a torque on the liquid crystal to determine the alignment direction, and may optionally cooperate with a second energy supplying means such as an electric field (V) for assisting and switching. Alternatively, the alignment of the liquid crystal may be switched by a second energy supplying means such as an electric field, the light serving to produce heat to aid the switching. Either or both energy sources may be applied locally for switching of selected areas or pixels. Energy levels at the bistable substrate may be adjusted by the use of an oligomeric additive (slippery surface).

Abstract: The present invention provides a three-dimension display apparatus which includes a liquid crystal display; a first polarizer on the rear surface of the liquid crystal display; a second polarizer on the front surface of the liquid crystal display; a liquid crystal polymer being on the second polarizer and including a chiral dopant and liquid crystal molecules. The liquid crystal polymer is divided into first regions through which incident light is not polarized and second regions through which the incident light is polarized at 90 degrees. A third polarizer on the liquid crystal polymer selectively transmits the incident light from the liquid crystal polymer. A light source below the first polarizer.

Abstract: An apparatus for printing an alignment layer of a liquid crystal display device includes a dispenser dropping an alignment material, an anilox roll receiving the dropped alignment material, a doctor roll evenly spreading the dropped alignment material coated onto the anilox roll, and a printing roll receiving the alignment material from the anilox roll, and transferring the alignment material onto a substrate, wherein the printing roll has a plurality of masks each having a numerical aperture of about 5% to 25%.

Abstract: A liquid crystal display device having a pair of substrates; a liquid crystal layer disposed between the substrates; and a phase compensator arranged on an outer side of the substrates; wherein, when no voltage is applied, the liquid crystal layer, which has been subjected to a parallel alignment process, is in splay alignment, in which pretilt angles of the liquid crystal at an upper and at a lower boundary of the liquid crystal layer have opposite signs; wherein, before liquid crystal display driving, an initialization process is performed, in which the alignment of the liquid crystal layer is transitioned from splay alignment to bend alignment by application of a voltage; and wherein the liquid crystal display driving is performed in the bend alignment attained by this initialization; including at least one region outside the display pixels where the liquid crystal layer thickness is smaller than inside the display pixels, and that an electric field caused by the application of said voltage, applied to the

Abstract: A cholesteric liquid crystal (CLC) color filter layer for reflective LCD device includes an additional blue CLC color filter in the red and/or green CLC color filter to increase a color temperature. Since the additional blue CLC color filter is formed using ultraviolet light when forming the blue CLC color filter, additional manufacturing processes for the additional blue CLC color filter are not required. Furthermore, since the color temperature of output light increases according to the CLC color filter layer of the present invention, the high resolution is obtained in image display. Alternatively, the color temperature can be adjustable by way of forming an additional red and/or green CLC color filter in the blue CLC color filter.

Abstract: A homeotropic alignment liquid crystal film used for an optical film of a visual display etc. is manufactured by a method in which a side chain type liquid crystal polymer comprising a monomer unit (a) containing a liquid crystalline fragment side chain and a monomer unit (b) containing a non-liquid crystalline fragment side chain is coated on a substrate on which a vertical alignment film is not prepared, and the liquid crystal polymer is fixed while maintaining an alignment state after the liquid crystal polymer is homeotropically aligned in liquid crystal state.

Abstract: A substrate bonding apparatus for a liquid crystal display device includes a vacuum processing chamber, a lower stage provided in an interior of the vacuum chamber, an upper stage provided in the interior of the vacuum chamber and having at least one first through hole, a stage moving system having a stage moving axis connected to one of the lower and upper stages, and a driving motor, and at least one first alignment system having one end provided in the interior of the vacuum chamber for aligning a first substrate and a second substrate.

Abstract: An in-plane switching mode LCD device is disclosed, in which high response time is obtained and residual images are prevented from occurring. The in-plane switching mode LCD device includes first and second substrates, common electrodes arranged on one of the two substrates in a substantially zigzag pattern, a pixel electrode arranged with a substantially zigzag pattern corresponding to the common electrodes roughly in parallel with the common electrodes, common electrode frames projected from a bent portion of the common electrodes, pixel electrode frames projected from a bent portion of the pixel electrodes, and a liquid crystal between the first and second substrates.

Abstract: A method of aligning Half V-Switching Mode ferroelectric liquid crystal material in the presence of an applied electric field, a driving method, and an apparatus for driving a ferroelectric liquid crystal display using the same has a high response speed characteristics and a wide viewing angle characteristics. The liquid crystal material has a small capacitance, C, and is driven according to a double frequency column inversion driving method operating at about 120 Hz to display a picture.

Abstract: A method of adjusting a size of a substrate of a liquid crystal display device includes determining if first and second substrates that are sealed together and have a liquid crystal material disposed therebetween are mutually aligned, one of the first and second substrates having a deposition layer formed thereupon, and controlling an amount of deposition stress of the deposition layer when the first and second substrates are not mutually aligned.

Abstract: Method for fabricating an LCD having the liquid crystal dropping method applied thereto including loading first and second substrates into a bonding chamber, aligning the first and second substrates, bonding the first and second substrates, venting the bonding chamber for applying a pressure to the bonded substrates, inspecting the substrates, and unloading the first and second substrates.

Abstract: A multi-domain liquid crystal display device comprises first, and second substrates facing each other and a liquid crystal layer between the first and second substrates. A plurality of gate bus lines are arranged in a first direction on the first substrate and a plurality of data bus lines are arranged in a second direction on the first substrate to define a pixel region. A pixel electrode electrically is charged through the data bus line in the pixel region, a color filter layer is formed on the second substrate, and a common electrode is formed on the color filter layer. Dielectric frames are formed in the pixel region, and an alignment layer on at least one substrate between the first and second substrates.

Abstract: A color filter is provided on the surface of a substrate that opposes liquid crystals. The color filter has a surface profile defining the state of alignment of the liquid crystals. More specifically, the color filter has a plurality of alignment control protrusions whose top portions extend in one direction. A thin alignment film is formed so as to cover the color filter having such a surface profile.

Abstract: The present invention provides a three-dimension display apparatus which includes a liquid crystal display; a first polarizer on the rear surface of the liquid crystal display; a second polarizer on the front surface of the liquid crystal display; a liquid crystal polymer being on the second polarizer and including a chiral dopant and liquid crystal molecules. The liquid crystal polymer is divided into first regions through which incident light is not polarized and second regions through which the incident light is polarized at 90 degrees. A third polarizer on the liquid crystal polymer selectively transmits the incident light from the liquid crystal polymer. A light source below the first polarizer.

Abstract: The present invention discloses an IPS-LCD device. The IPS-LCD device according to the present invention implements a multi-domain for a liquid crystal layer. The liquid crystal molecules are aligned in various directions with respect to each different domain. Therefore, the different domains compensate for one another such that a color shift is prevented in spite of wide viewing angles. To form the multi-domain, the present invention provides a plurality of dielectric protrusions.

Abstract: The present invention discloses an array substrate for use in a liquid crystal display device, which includes a transparent substrate that includes a display area and a non-display area. A plurality of red, green and blue color filters are formed on the transparent substrate in the display area. A first alignment key is formed on the transparent substrate in the non-display area and made of the same material as the color filters. An overcoat layer is formed on the plurality of red, green and blue color filters to cover the color filters in the display area. A passivation layer covers gate and data lines and a thin film transistor in the display area and covers the first alignment key in the non-display area, the passivation layer having a drain contact hole to the thin film transistor. A pixel electrode is formed on the passivation layer in the display area, the pixel electrode contacting the thin film transistor through the drain contact hole.

Abstract: The present invention provides an LCD apparatus and a method for checking the joining accuracy thereof The LCD apparatus comprises an LCD panel, a printed circuit board and a package unit coupled to the LCD panel. On the printed circuit board, there is a plurality of first pins, a fir check pad and a second pad, wherein at least one fist pin is electrically connected to the first check pad and at least another first pin is electrically connected to the second check pad. There is a plurality of second pins on the package unit, wherein the second pins join the first pins on the printed circuit board correspondingly to connect the first pins electrically. To check the joining accuracy of the LCD apparatus, electric resistance is obtained by measuring the resistance between the first and second check pad with an ohmmeter. When the measured resistance is below a reference value, the assembly quality of the LCD is not qualified.

Abstract: A method for preparing a rubbed substrate structure suitable for use in a liquid crystal assay device, includes reacting a biochemical blocking compound that includes at least one reactive group with an activated modified surface of a support, the activated modified surface of the support having at least one functional group capable of reacting with the reactive group of the biochemical blocking compound, wherein a covalent bond is formed between the biochemical blocking compound and the support producing a support with a surface comprising the biochemical blocking compound. The method also includes rubbing the surface having the biochemical blocking compound to produce a rubbed surface that possesses features that drive uniform anchoring of liquid crystals when the liquid crystals contact the rubbed surface.

Abstract: A multi-domain liquid crystal display device includes: first and second substrates opposing each other; a liquid crystal layer formed between the first substrate and the second substrate; a plurality of gate lines and data lines formed on the first substrate lengthwise and crosswise to define pixel regions; a pixel electrode formed in the pixel regions; at least one or more electric field induction windows independently formed in the pixel electrode; a common auxiliary electrode formed on a layer equal to the gate lines to surround the pixel regions; a common electrode formed on the second substrate; at least one or more dielectric structures independently formed on the common electrode to distort electric field applied to the liquid crystal layer; and an alignment film formed on at least one of the first and second substrates.

Abstract: A liquid crystal device is constituted by a layer of a chiral smectic liquid crystal, a pair of substrates oppositely disposed to sandwich the liquid crystal and each provided with an electrode for applying a voltage to the liquid crystal, at least one of the substrates being provided with a uniaxial aligning axis for aligning the liquid crystal, and a polarizer disposed on at least one of the substrates.

Abstract: A liquid crystal display (LCD) having an oblique electric field while a voltage is applied between the upper plate and the lower plate of the LCD is disclosed. The LCD includes a first regulating device of the upper plate and the second regulating device of the lower plate. As no voltage between the upper and lower plate, the liquid crystal molecules in the proximity of the first and the second regulating device are perpendicular to the upper and the lower plate. After a voltage is applied, an oblique electric field is produced by these regulating devices. The liquid crystal molecules are then rotated to parallel to the upper and lower plates because of the oblique electric field. The first and second regulating devices are bumps made of dielectric material or slits of electrodes.

Abstract: A dispenser system for a liquid crystal display panel includes a table to overturn a substrate having at least one image display part on a first surface of the overturned substrate, and at least one syringe system to supply sealant onto a first surface of the overturned substrate to form a seal pattern along outer edges of the image display part on the first surface of the overturned substrate, wherein the at least one syringe system moves along horizontal directions.

Abstract: A reflective liquid crystal display includes upper and lower substrates that are opposite to and are spaced apart from each other; a liquid crystal layer interposed between the upper and lower substrates; a transparent common electrode on the surface of the upper substrate opposite the lower substrate; a cholesteric liquid crystal (CLC) color filter that selectively reflects and transmits light, the CLC color filter formed over the lower substrate; a transparent pixel electrode on the CLC color filter; and a light absorption layer between the lower substrate and the CLC color filter.

Abstract: To form a brightness enhancement film of cholesteric liquid crystal, a photopolymerizable liquid crystal is first formed on a first substrate. A second substrate then is formed on the liquid crystal substance to form a sandwich structure. The sandwich structure is subsequently submitted to a lamination process that generates shear stress thereon. Finally, an energetic irradiation including UV irradiation is performed to solidify the layer of liquid crystal into a liquid crystal polymer film. The second substrate then is selectively removed. The above steps are repeated until a desired reflected wavelength range of the liquid crystal film is obtained.

Abstract: The monostable ferroelectric active matrix display contains a liquid crystal layer in from of a monodomain with an unambiguously defined direction of the normal z to the layer of the smC* phase and is characterized by the fact that the normal z to the layer and the preferential direction n of the nematic or cholesteric phase (N* phase) form an angle of more than 5°.

Abstract: Before starting the regular display in a liquid crystal display device of the bend alignment type, it is necessary to transition all the pixel regions in the entire display portion uniformly from splay alignment into bend alignment. However, conventionally, when applying a simple ac voltage, the transition sometimes does not take place, and when it does take place, the transition time is very long, and display defects due to alignment defects tend to occur. In the method for driving a liquid crystal display device with OCB cells according to the present invention, a step of applying between an electrode 22 and a pixel electrode 23 an ac voltage superimposed with a bias voltage, and a step of applying zero voltage or a low voltage to the substrates are repeated in alternation preceding the begin of the regular display operation and the regular display operation is carried out after all pixels have transitioned into bend alignment.

Abstract: A liquid crystal on silicon (LCOS) panel in single-domain vertical alignment mode. The LCOS includes a front plate, a rear plate, and a liquid crystal layer. The rear plate includes a number of pixel electrodes and the pixel electrodes are grouped in pairs. Every two pairs of pixel electrodes are separated by a groove while the pixel electrodes in each pair are separated by a protrusion. The LCOS panel is filled with the liquid crystal layer, between the front and rear plates, while the liquid crystal molecules in the liquid crystal layer are in vertical alignment mode. By the configuration of the protrusions and grooves among the pixels of the LCOS panel, a single domain is readily formed in every pixel while high contrast ratio, reduced fringe field effect and effect of transverse electric field can be achieved.

Abstract: A self-alignment process for the precise alignment in a deposited diamond-like carbon (DLC), which results in a wider viewing angle for the display being manufactured. The process involves ion bombardment, which is swept across the liquid crystal panel in a two-pass process. In one embodiment, both ion sweeps are aligned at a 45-degree angle with respect to the bottom edge of the panel. The first pass is accomplished without any electrical bias on the panel. During the first pass the impinging ions may be at an angle with respect to a point on a plane defined by the surface of the panel that is less than 90 degrees. The second ion sweep is accomplished with the impinging ions at a second angle, greater than 90 degrees up to 180 degrees with respect to the point on the plane defined by the surface.

Abstract: A film sheet which has a polymer layer formed of a coating solution is drawn from a balk roll and transported toward a rubbing apparatus. Thereby, first and second blowers sequentially disposed respectively apply to the polymer layer an air of temperature 45±2° C. and humidity 50%-60%, and an air of temperature 25±1° C. and humidity 30%-35%. Thus, damages which occurred in transporting and rolling the film sheet are removed. Thereafter, a rubbing action is performed to the film sheet such that the polymer layer has alignment. Then a liquid crystal layer is formed on the polymer layer, to obtain an optical compensation film.

Abstract: A method for manufacturing a liquid crystal display panel includes preparing first and second substrates having an active region, forming a sealant along a periphery of the active region on at least one of the first and second substrates, dispersing a liquid crystal material on the at least one substrate, the liquid crystal material having a photo-reactant material, attaching the first and second substrates, and irradiating ultraviolet light on an entire surface of the at least one substrate.

Abstract: The display module (30) includes at least one liquid crystal cell (2) electrically and mechanically connected to a flexible display control printed circuit (1)having, arranged to a single face, electronic components for controlling the cell and metal paths for connection to the components and to said cell (2). In order to make it, the printed circuit (1) is first placed on the back side of the cell (2), the face of the printed circuit with no components facing the back of the cell (2), the printed circuit (1) is positioned under the cell (2), a mechanism for assembling the module (12) defining the location of the display of the cell (2), being made on the printed circuit (1) for the positioning thereof with respect to a display marking device (13) arranged on the cell and a portion of the face of the printed circuit with no components is secured directly to the back of the cell (2).

Abstract: An active matrix liquid crystal display device having a liquid crystal cell including an army substrate provided with a pixel electrode, a signal electrode line, and a gate electrode line and an opposing substrate provided with a common electrode, in which pretilt angles of liquid crystal at upper and lower interfaces of a liquid crystal layer disposed between the army substrate and the opposing substrate have opposite signs having splay alignment formed by parallel alignment process while no voltage is applied. The active matrix liquid crystal display device is subjected to an initialization process for transitioning the splay alignment to bend alignment by application of voltage before liquid crystal display driving and adapted to perform the liquid crystal display driving in the bend alignment.

Abstract: A multi-domain liquid crystal display (LCD) has a plurality of wall-bump structures formed on a common electrode layer on a substrate. Each wall-bump structure consists of at least one wall-bump disposed in a pixel area. Wall-bumps of many different shapes can be used in the wall-bump structure. The wall-bump structure is manufactured by a standard photo-lithographic process. It provides pre-tilted angles for liquid crystal molecules and results in orderly alignment of liquid crystal molecules when an external voltage is applied. By means of the fringe field effect to tilt liquid crystal molecules, a multi-domain LCD cell can be established after a voltage is applied. The multi-domain LCD provides fast response speed for its application and higher transmittance than a conventional vertically aligned wide-viewing angle LCD.

Abstract: It is important to accurately align a pair of substrates, such as liquid crystal display (LCD) panels before they are affixed together. This is accomplished, according to the invention, by depositing a number of magnetic field generating elements on one substrate and a plurality of magnetic field-detecting elements on the other substrate. For example, the field-generating elements can be permanent magnets, while the field-detecting can be correspondingly located elements of a magnetic material. Alternatively, both the field-generating and field-detecting elements may be made from permanently magnetic materials.

Abstract: A multi-domain wide viewing angle liquid crystal display (LCD) has a plurality of bump-with-slit structures formed on at least one substrate. Each bump-with-slit structure in a single pixel area includes a plurality of slits formed on the electrodes and a plurality of bumps formed above the slits. It uses the combination of bumps and electrode slits to control the directions of the pre-tilted angles of liquid crystal molecules and to form multiple domains. The capacity storage area is designed and located under the slit of the electrode. Such capacity storage area has the function of covering the disclination lines. The LCD structure decreases the color dispersion of the LCD, increases the response speed and reduces the generation of disclination lines. Moreover, the driving voltage for the LCD is lower and the process window is larger.

Abstract: A liquid crystal display is furnished with: a liquid crystal display element having a pair of substrates, to which alignment members are provided to their respective opposing surfaces, and a liquid crystal layer sandwiched by the pair of substrates; an alignment mechanism for providing at least two different director configurations simultaneously on different arbitrary regions used for display in the liquid crystal layer; and a reflection film provided to at least one of the different arbitrary regions showing different director configurations; wherein the different arbitrary regions showing different director configurations are used for a reflection display section for showing reflection display and a transmission display section for showing transmission display, respectively.

Abstract: A multi-domain liquid crystal display device comprises first and second substrates facing each other and a liquid crystal layer between the first and second substrates. A plurality of gate bus lines are arranged in a first direction on the first substrate and a plurality of data bus lines are arranged in a second direction on the first substrate to define a pixel region. A pixel electrode is formed in the pixel region, a color filter layer is formed on the second substrate, and a common electrode is formed on the color filter layer. Dielectric frames control alignment direction of the liquid crystal molecules in the liquid crystal layer, and an alignment layer is formed on at least one substrate between the first and second substrates.

Abstract: The invention concerns a liquid crystal display cell including two close substrates (2), separated by a sealing frame which delimits a sealed enclosure in which the liquid crystal molecules (4) are confined, and spacers (8) intended to maintain a constant spacing between said substrates (2), characterised in that the sealing frame and/or the spacers (8) are formed of an anisotropic polymer which is used to align and orient the liquid crystal molecules.

Abstract: A broad class of lyotropic liquid crystals of a non-surfactant nature, the so-called lyotropic chromonic liquid crystals (LCLCs), are alignable in bulk. LCLCs can be aligned in bulk as a uniform liquid crystalline monodomain within a closed cell. The method for bulk alignment of LCLCs is based on a unidirectional treatment of the aligning substrate such as a polymer layer. The feature of controlling the alignment of LCLCs enables one to create practical devices from them. For example, bulk alignment of LCLCs allows one to use them in detection and amplification of ligands.

Abstract: In accordance with the present invention, a passive liquid crystal display cell includes a first substrate having a light absorbent material patterned thereon. A first conductive material is formed in a position relative to the light absorbent material for forming one of a data line and a gate line. The position may be over the light absorbent material or below the light absorbent material (and may include transparent layers in between). A second conductive material is spaced apart from the first conductive material by a gap. The gap includes liquid crystal, and the second conductive material forms the other of the data line and the gate line. A pretilt control structure is formed adjacent to the liquid crystal. The gate line and the data line provide an electric field therebetween wherein the pretilt control structure provides pretilt for the liquid crystal to provide a wide viewing angle.

Abstract: The present invention is provided a two-domain vertical aligned LCD with negative compensator. The liquid crystal molecules in each of the liquid crystal domains are orientated nearly perpendicular to surfaces of the transparent substrates with a little pre-tilted angle to the normal of said substrates when an electric field is not applied, the tilt angle projected on the azimuthal of substrate between the orientation of liquid crystal molecules in two domains are not equal to 180 degree, and the orientation of said liquid crystal molecules in two domains are oriented opposed direction. The structure that described above is obtained by ultraviolet exposure process.