Abstract: A MEMS-based Wavelength Selectable Switch (WSS), used classically for demultiplexing fiber optic communications, is re-purposed to act as a filter. A light emitter provides a light beam with its wavelength detected by a wavelength detector. A light condenser directs reflected light from the light emitter to an input of the WSS. The WSS is controllable to provide a selected wavelength band to a selected output of the WSS, where it is detected by a photodetector. Other wavelengths are discarded by the WSS at other outputs. A controller is configured to control the WSS to select the selected wavelength band based on a detected wavelength from the wavelength detector.

Abstract: An electronic device may have a display. The display has pixels configured to display an image. The display is mounted in a housing. The housing may include head-mounted support structures configured to support the display for viewing through lenses. The pixels of the display may be covered by a layer of thin-film encapsulation. The thin-film encapsulation may be covered with a cover layer such as a glass cover layer that is attached to the thin-film encapsulation layer by a layer of adhesive. To suppress internal light reflections, the display may include reflection suppression structures. The reflection suppression structures may include an antireflection layer and/or polarizer and waveplate layers. The reflection suppression structures may be formed on an outwardly facing surface of the cover layer and/or between the thin-film encapsulation layer and the cover layer.

Abstract: This patent document discloses, among others, wavelength-selective switches (WSS) for redirecting optical WDM signals or channels based on a combination of spatially separating light in different optical polarizations in an optical birefringent material and using diffractive optics for separating light at different optical WDM wavelengths into spatially separated optical beam to perform wavelength-selective optical switching in optical WDM applications. Notably, the optics for processing the optical WDM signals in the disclosed optical WSS devices is designed to provide scalable optical WSS devices where different WDM signals share optical components to reduce designed optical components for different WDM signals.

Abstract: A wavelength division multiplexing structure includes: a first reflecting surface; a second reflecting surface; a first optical filter; a second optical filter; and a pretreatment device. The light that is incident on the first reflecting surface forms a first C-shaped light path in C-shaped or approximately C-shaped and enters the first optical filter. The light that is incident on the first reflecting surface forms a non-coplanar straight line with the light that is reflected by the second reflecting surface. The light that is incident on the pretreatment device forms a pretreatment light path, enters the first optical filter. The light in the pretreatment light path coincides with the light in the first C-shaped light path that is incident on the first optical filter from the second reflecting surface.

Abstract: In a display apparatus body (10A), a first polarization plate (31), a first wave plate (32), a reflection layer (33), a second wave plate (35), and a second polarization plate (36) are arranged between a display element (De) and a lens (S) and are lined up in this order from the display element (De) toward the lens (S). Further, the reflection layer (33) includes reflection regions (E1) that correspond to positions of non-light emission regions (R2) of the display element (De) and that reflect light and includes light transmission regions (E2) that correspond to positions of a plurality of light emission regions (R1) and that transmit light. This can obtain a display apparatus that can improve the use efficiency of light emitted from a display element.

Abstract: Example display devices include a waveguide configured to propagate visible light under total internal reflection in a direction parallel to a major surface of the waveguide. The waveguide has formed thereon an outcoupling element configured to outcouple a portion of the visible light in a direction normal to the major surface of the waveguide. The example display devices additionally include a polarization-selective notch reflector disposed on a first side of the waveguide and configured to reflect visible light having a first polarization while transmitting the portion of the visible light having a second polarization. The example display devices further include a polarization-independent notch reflector disposed on a second side of the waveguide and configured to reflect visible light having the first polarization and the second polarization, where the polarization-independent notch reflector is configured to convert a polarization of visible light reflecting therefrom.

Abstract: Provided is an optical element including: a liquid crystal cell including a first substrate, a liquid crystal layer, and a second substrate; and a quarter-wave film. The liquid crystal layer contains liquid crystal molecules twist-aligned. The liquid crystal cell includes electrodes. The electrodes are disposed to enable switching between a first state and a second state by application of voltage to the liquid crystal layer. The switching between the first state and the second state controls a polarization state of light incident on the liquid crystal cell. Circularly polarized light incident on the liquid crystal cell is converted to first linearly polarized light in the first state while converted to second linearly polarized light in the second state. Linearly polarized light incident on the liquid crystal cell is converted to first circularly polarized light in the first state while converted to second circularly polarized light in the second state.

Abstract: A diffraction light guide plate, including: a first diffraction substrate; and a second diffraction substrate provided on the first diffraction substrate. The first diffraction substrate includes a first diffraction grating layer on one surface and a second diffraction grating layer on an opposite surface. The second diffraction substrate includes a third diffraction grating layer on one surface and a stress compensation layer on an opposite surface. The first diffraction grating layer separates light having a wavelength of 550 nm or more and 700 nm or less, the second diffraction grating layer separates light having a wavelength of 400 nm or more and 550 nm or less, the third diffraction grating layer separates light having a wavelength of 450 nm or more and 650 nm or less, and the stress compensation layer has stress in the same direction as a direction of stress of the third diffraction grating layer.

Abstract: A backlight module includes a light guide plate, a light source, a first optical film, and a second optical film. The light source is disposed on one side of a light incident surface of the light guide plate. The first optical film is disposed between the light guide plate and the second optical film. An illumination beam from the light source has a first polarization component and a second polarization component perpendicular to the first polarization component. A ratio of the first polarization component to the second polarization component is greater than or equal to 1.2 and less than or equal to 10. The second optical film includes a substrate and a plurality of prism structures disposed between the substrate and the light guide plate. An included angle between an extending direction of the prism structures and the light incident surface is less than 5 degrees.

Abstract: A LIDAR apparatus for scanning a scene, comprising a transmitter stage, a receiver stage, a beam-steering engine configured to steer the light beam received from the transmitter stage in different directions to scan at least a portion of the scene, the beam-steering engine being responsive to steering commands to produce corresponding deflections of the light beam and an operation monitor for monitoring a beam-steering function of the beam-steering engine.

Abstract: A display may include illumination optics, a ferroelectric liquid crystal on silicon (fLCOS) panel, and a waveguide. A twisted nematic cell may be optically interposed between the fLCOS panel and the waveguide. A birefringent crystal may be optically interposed between the cell and the waveguide. The cell may have a first state in which the cell transmits the image light with a first polarization and a second state in which the cell transmits the image light with a second polarization. The crystal may transmit the image light within spatially offset beams based on polarization. In another arrangement, a quarter waveplate may be optically interposed between the cell and the waveguide and a geometric phase grating may be optically interposed between the quarter waveplate and the waveguide. Control circuitry may toggle the cell between the first and second states to maximize the effective resolution of images at an eye box.

Abstract: A wearable augmented reality head-mounted display system can be configured to pass light from the world forward a wearer wearing the head-mounted system into an eye of the wearer. The head-mounted display system can include an optical display that is configured to output light to form an image. The system may include one or more waveguides that are disposed to receiving the light from the display. A variable power reflector can be disposed on the forward side of the one or more waveguides. The reflector can be configured to have an optical power that is adjustable upon application of an electrical signal.

Abstract: A device includes a polarization rotator configured to be switchable between operating in two switching states. The device also includes a controller configured to control the polarization rotator to switch between operating in the two switching states at a predetermined switching frequency, to thereby switch, a polarization of a component of an input light having an initial light intensity, between two orthogonal polarizations at the predetermined switching frequency. The device also includes a polarizer coupled with the polarization rotator, and configured to convert the input light transmitted through the polarization rotator into an output light having a light intensity reduced to a predetermined percentage of the initial light intensity of the input light.

Abstract: Example display devices include a waveguide configured to propagate visible light under total internal reflection in a direction parallel to a major surface of the waveguide. The waveguide has formed thereon an outcoupling element configured to outcouple a portion of the visible light in a direction normal to the major surface of the waveguide. The example display devices additionally include a polarization-selective notch reflector disposed on a first side of the waveguide and configured to reflect visible light having a first polarization while transmitting the portion of the visible light having a second polarization. The example display devices further include a polarization-independent notch reflector disposed on a second side of the waveguide and configured to reflect visible light having the first polarization and the second polarization, where the polarization-independent notch reflector is configured to convert a polarization of visible light reflecting therefrom.

Abstract: The present application provides a display panel and a manufacturing method of the display panel. When an electrochromic layer is completely closed, a metasurface structure and an electrowetting structure reflect a light with corresponding wavelength to form a reflection state. When the electrochromic layer is partially closed, the metasurface structure and the electrowetting structure corresponding to a part of the closed electrochromic layer reflect the light with corresponding wavelength to form the reflection state, and the light penetrates through the wetted metasurface structure and a part of the unclosed electrochromic layer to form a transparent state.

Abstract: A rotational speed sensor, a manufacturing method thereof, a driving method thereof, and an electronic device are provided. The rotational speed sensor includes liquid crystal cell, rotational speed sensing module and rotational speed determining module; rotational speed sensing module is configured to convert rotational speed into voltage signal and apply voltage signal to liquid crystal cell; and at least a part of optical signal propagation module of rotational speed determining module is located in liquid crystal cell.

Abstract: An optical display system includes an information display (image-generating) component, a polarization dependent image offset optical element and possibly also a polarization rotator. By controlling the image offset optical element either by direct applying voltage or by controlling the polarization of the displayed light through the polarization rotator, the display pixels can be switched by a certain portion. By switching between offset and non-offset state with appropriate image displayed, the resolution as observed by the users can be enhanced.

Abstract: In one embodiment, a computing system may determine a target grayscale value associated with a target image to be represented by a plurality of subframes. The system may determine grayscale ranges based on the target grayscale value. Each grayscale range may correspond to a combination of zero or more subframes of the plurality of subframes. The system may select dot subsets from a dithering mask based on the grayscale ranges. Each of the dot subsets may correspond to a grayscale range. The system may generate the subframes based on (1) the selected dot subsets and (2) respective combinations of zero or more subframes. The subframes may have a smaller number of bits per color than the target frame. The system may display the subframes sequentially in time domain on a display to represent the target image.

Abstract: A device for reducing laser speckle using a micro scanner and a holographic diffuser. The micro scanner includes a first transparent optical substrate with an input surface and an output surface and a second transparent optical substrate with an input surface and an output surface and a variable refractive index medium sandwiched between the output surface of the first substrate and the input surface of the second substrate. Transparent electrodes are applied to the output surface of the first substrate and the input surface of the second substrate. The electrodes are coupled to a voltage generator. The input surface of the first substrate is optically coupled to a laser source. The input surface of the second substrate is configured as an array of prismatic elements. At least one of the input surface of the first substrate or the output surfaces of the second substrate is planar.

Abstract: A light projector including a light source, a beam multiplication film, and a tunable wave plate is provided. The light source is configured to emit a light beam. The beam multiplication film is disposed on a transmission path of the light beam and made of anisotropic refractive index material, wherein a plurality of separated light beams are produced after the light beam from the light source passes through the beam multiplication film. The tunable wave plate is disposed on transmission paths of the separated light beams from the beam multiplication film and configured to modulate the separated light beams.

Abstract: Systems and methods are provided for testing a threshold energy required to cause a latchup on an electronic component. An exemplary method includes applying a series of laser pulses to a testing object with a pulsed laser unit. The testing object is connected to a testing circuit which can measure the energy of each of the series of laser pulses, and detect whether a pulse of the series of laser pulses resulted in a latchup on the testing object. Upon detecting the pulse, the method provides for logging the energy of the pulse using a recording unit and logging the latchup status of the test device. If a latchup is detected, the testing circuit automatically mitigates the latchup event.

Abstract: An optical waveguide apparatus including a first dispersion unit and a separation unit. The first dispersion unit is connected to the separation unit, the first dispersion unit is configured to disperse a frequency component of at least one first optical signal, and the separation unit is configured to separate, into at least one second optical signal based on configuration information, the frequency component that is of the at least one first optical signal and that is dispersed by the first dispersion unit. The separation unit is implemented by a variable optical waveguide, and the variable optical waveguide is an optical waveguide that implements at least one of the following functions based on the configuration information: forming an optical waveguide, eliminating an optical waveguide, and changing a shape of an optical waveguide.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is an active seeker system for detection and/or tracking of moving targets. The system includes: an illumination module generating an illumination beam to be output from the system; an optical assembly for shaping the solid angle of the field of view (FOV) of the output beam; an optical path scanning module adapted for angularly deflecting the output optical path of the output beam about a scan axis to perform one or more scanning cycles; and an imaging module adapted to image light in the spectral regime of the beam, arriving from a certain field of view about the output optical path of the beam. In some cases, the solid angle of the output light beam is shaped such that it has an elongated FOV cross-section extending along a certain lateral of the beam; and the output optical path is angularly deflected in a direction travers to the longer axis of the elongated FOV of beam so as to swipe the elongated FOV of the beam to cover a desired field of regard (FOR) with one dimensional scanning.

Abstract: Three-dimensional (3D) electronic displays provide different 3D views and employ one or both of an array of multibeam diffraction gratings arranged in offset rows and light valves having color filters. The displays include a plate light guide configured to guide light beams at a non-zero propagation angle, a multibeam diffraction grating configured to couple out a portion of the guided light beams as a plurality of light beams having different principal angular directions representing the different 3D views, and light valves configured to modulate the differently directed, coupled-out light beams. The multibeam diffraction grating may be a member of the array arranged in offset rows and the display may further include light valves having color filters. Alternately, the light valves include color filters and the display may further include the array of multibeam diffraction gratings arranged in offset rows.

Abstract: Disclosed is a backlight unit including a light guide member including one side surface and the other side surface parallel to the one side surface, a light source module disposed on the one side surface of the light guide member, and a local dimming part disposed on the light guide member and including a liquid crystal layer, wherein the liquid crystal layer has an inclined surface disposed between the one side surface and the other side surface of the light guide member.

Abstract: The invention relates to a display device, in particular a head-mounted display or a head-up display, for representing a two-dimensional and/or three-dimensional scene. The display device comprises a spatial light modulator device having pixels, and a beam offset device. The spatial light modulator device is illuminatable with light. The beam offset device is configured to be controllable in such a way that the light modulated by the pixels of the spatial light modulator device is laterally displaceable by less than one pixel extent.

Abstract: A display panel includes: a first substrate; a second substrate disposed opposite to the first substrate; a waveguide layer disposed on a surface of the first substrate facing the second substrate for coupling incident light into the waveguide layer; a first electrode layer disposed on the waveguide layer, the first electrode layer including a plurality of independently controllable first electrodes; a second electrode layer disposed on a surface of the first substrate facing the second substrate; and a light emission control layer disposed between the first and the second electrode layers, the light emission control layer defining a plurality of sub-pixels arranged in an array. The light emission control layer controls respective amounts of light to be coupled out of the waveguide layer to respective ones of the plurality of sub-pixels based on respective voltages applied between the plurality of first electrodes and the second electrode layer.

Abstract: A dual layer backlight employs a first planar backlight to emit light and a second planar backlight to provide a plurality of coupled-out light beams. The second planar backlight includes a plate light guide and a multibeam diffraction grating configured to diffractively couple out a portion of a guided light beam within the plate light guide as the plurality of coupled-out light beams. A light beam of the coupled-out light beam has a different principal angular direction from other light beams of the coupled-out light beam plurality. A two-dimensional/three-dimensional (2D/3D) mode-switchable electronic display includes the dual layer backlight and a light valve array configured to selectively modulate emitted light as 2D pixels in a first mode and the coupled-out light beams as 3D pixels corresponding to the different 3D views in a second mode of the electronic display.

Abstract: A rotation-free beam-steering device for manipulating probing and reflected optical beams includes at least one electrowetting cell having at least one side wall defining an inner space. The at least one side wall has a lining adjacent to the inner space. A liquid at least partially fills the inner space. The liquid has at least one controlled surface not in contact with the wall lining. The liquid further has a contact angle with the wall lining. The at least one controlled surface is disposed to interface with an optical beam exiting from a distal end of an optical fiber at an incidence angle. At least two electrodes are provided separated from the inner space by the lining. An electrical potential on the at least two electrodes is controlled to adjust the contact angle of the liquid bounding the at least one controlled surface.

Abstract: Disclosed is a display apparatus includes: a flat display panel; and a liquid crystal lens, the liquid crystal lens being positioned in a light emergent direction of the display panel, the liquid crystal lens being used for converging light emitted by the display panel towards a center plane, and the center plane being perpendicular to the display panel and passing through a vertical center line of the display panel.

Abstract: A liquid-crystal variable retarder has first and second liquid-crystal cells with respective first and second thicknesses, the second thickness being less than the first thickness. A feedback sensor provides a feedback signal indicative of a retardance of the liquid-crystal variable retarder. A controller is coupled to the feedback sensor and the first and second liquid-crystal cells. The controller is operable to apply a first signal to the first liquid-crystal cell based on a target retardance trajectory and a feedforward control model. The controller applies a second signal to the second liquid-crystal cell based on the feedback signal and the target retardance trajectory.

Abstract: Certain exemplary embodiments can provide a system, machine, device, manufacture, circuit, composition of matter, and/or user interface adapted for and/or resulting from, and/or a method and/or machine-readable medium comprising machine-implementable instructions for, activities that can comprise and/or relate to, via light from a light source, rendering an image on a retina.

Abstract: A curved surface ADS display panel and a manufacturing method thereof are disclosed. The curved surface ADS display panel includes a first substrate; a second substrate facing the first substrate, wherein the second substrate has a first surface far away from the first substrate; a liquid crystal layer sandwiched between the first substrate and the second substrate; and a glass light guide plate completely adhered on the first surface of the second substrate. Also, the glass light guide plate has a thickness of D1, and the first substrate, the liquid crystal layer, and the second substrate have a total thickness of D2, wherein |D1?31 D2|/D1?30%.

Abstract: A probe head for dental confocal imaging, comprises a light-guiding part for guiding a light beam towards a teeth portion, the light-guiding part having an entrance face through which the light beam enters the light-guiding part and an exit face through which the light beam exits the light-guiding part, wherein the light-guiding part is configured, in case of a linearly polarized light beam having two polarization components being perpendicular to each other, to change polarization of the linearly polarized light beam on its path through the light-guiding part in such a way that one of the two polarization components, compared to the other of the two polarization components, is retarded by an odd multiple of a quarter of a wavelength of the light beam along the path from the entrance face to the exit face.

Abstract: A wavelength selective switch (WSS) may include a front-end unit that includes an input few-mode fiber (FMF) providing an input optical signal including multiple wavelengths. The multiple wavelengths may each have N modes. The front-end unit may include two or more output few-mode fibers (FMFs), and a side that has a 1×N port for each of the input FMF and the two or more output FMFs. Each of the 1×N ports may be single mode in a wavelength dispersion dimension and N-mode in a switching dimension. The WSS may include a switching element to receive the input optical signal from the front-end unit, switch each of the multiple wavelengths of the input optical signal to form one or more output optical signals, and direct each of the one or more output optical signals to a corresponding 1×N port of the front-end unit.

Abstract: The invention provides a low-cost and easy-to-align optical signal processing device on which a plurality of WSS function units can be integrated using only a single lens. Optical signals input to the first input/output port group (101-1) are output into a space as collimated light via the microlens array (102). The signal light propagating through the space will be wavelength-demultiplexed by the diffraction grating (103), focused by the lens (104), and focused at the upper part in the drawing, with respect to the y-axis direction of the spatial light modulator (105). The light provided with a desired phase modulation and reflected by the spatial light modulator (105) is deflected at a desired angle in the y-z plane according to its phase setting, and further optically coupled to an arbitrary port by passing through the lens (104) again, thus the switching operation is completed.

Abstract: A single-fiber bidirectional optical transceiver module of the same wavelength. A sub-wavelength grating and a Faraday rotator are used, and the same element is reused to implement a polarization multiplex/de-multiplex function, so as to implement transmission and receiving of an optical signal in a small space. The single-fiber bidirectional optical transceiver module has less optical elements, a compact structure, and low cost, meeting the needs on a miniaturized, integrated, and high speed optical transceiver module for a modern optical communication system.

Abstract: Certain exemplary embodiments can provide a system, machine, device, manufacture, circuit, composition of matter, and/or user interface adapted for and/or resulting from, and/or a method and/or machine-readable medium comprising machine-implementable instructions for, activities that can comprise and/or relate to, via light from a light source, rendering an image on a retina.

Abstract: An auto-stereoscopic display device includes a display panel having an array of display pixels for producing a display; and a view forming unit having an array of view forming elements. Each view forming elements is configurable to focus the outputs of groups of the display pixels into views projected towards a user in different directions. The display device further includes a view deflecting unit to selectably change the directions in which the plurality of views is projected towards the user. The view deflecting unit includes at least one birefringent prism having a first refractive index for light having a first polarization direction and a second refractive index for light having a second polarization direction. The view deflecting unit further includes a polarization switch in registration with the birefringent prism for providing the birefringent prism with display light having the first or second polarization direction.

Abstract: An electrically variable lens comprising a variable Fresnel lens and a variable phase corrector plate. A liquid crystal variable Fresnel lens and liquid crystal phase corrector plate are varied in concert to compensate for wavefront discontinuities that would otherwise be produced by the Fresnel lens. The same principle is also used to provide a device capable of imposing an arbitrary spatial and temporal phase modulation on a wavefront.

Abstract: Light streams are routed. A transparent plate can be provided in which at least 2 waveguides converge on an active region, wherein the active region comprises a switching element, which can be utilized to extract a portion of the light stream or combine two or more wavelength portions for form a subsequent light stream. Cladding material constrains a light stream to a waveguide. Ion bombardment can be utilized to form micropores in the cladding material, and subsequent etching can enlarge the micropores to form larger diameter pores (of nanometer scale) in the switching element. The pores can be filled with liquid crystal, which can be in a passive state with a first refractive (RI) index, and a second active state (electrical voltage applied) with a second RI. By adjusting the RI. the light stream can be diverted by operations of refraction, diffraction, reflection, etc.

Abstract: Methods, systems, and apparatus for optical wavelength selective switching. One 2×2 wavelength selective switch array includes a plurality of optical input ports configured to receive one or more optical input beams, and a plurality of optical output ports configured to receive one or more one or more optical output beams wherein the plurality of optical input ports and optical output ports form an array of 2×2 optical port pairs; one or more optical conditioning and wavelength dispersion elements; a polarization modulator array having a plurality of polarizing modulation cells, each cell configured to independently change a polarization orientation of an optical beam passing through the cell and associated with a particular wavelength channel; and a polarization-selective beam-routing optical element configured to route each particular input beam to either a first output port or a second output port according to polarization orientation.

Abstract: An optical deflector which deflects incident light, includes an optical deflection element which deflects the incident light when a distribution of internal refraction indexes of the optical deflection element is modulated. The light incident on the optical deflection element is emitted from the optical deflection element after passing through the optical deflection element a plurality of times.

Abstract: A liquid crystal optical element according to the present disclosure includes: a prism array composed of a plurality of prisms that have ridge lines extending in a first direction and are arranged in a second direction orthogonal to the first direction; a liquid crystal layer provided on the prism array; and an electrode via which a voltage is applied to the liquid crystal layer. When the voltage applied to the liquid crystal layer is 0 volt, long axes of liquid crystal molecules of the liquid crystal layer are oriented so as to be inclined at a predetermined angle relative to the first direction in a plane orthogonal to the second direction.

Abstract: An optical switch (10) is capable of routing a high-power beam incident at one or more input ports (12) of the optical switch to either of two or more output ports (14,16), the optical switch comprising: at least one switching stage, each of the at least one switching stages comprising: a switchable high-power liquid crystal (LC) half-wave plate (HWP), oriented with its fast axis at 45° to an input polarization direction such that in response to an incident polarized laser beam provided to said switchable high-power liquid crystal, half-wave plate, said HWP acts as a polarization rotator; and a polarizing beam splitter (PBS) disposed in an optical path to intercept light signals output from said switchable high-power liquid crystal (LC) half wave plate (HWP).

Abstract: A driver for a liquid crystal lens, an imaging apparatus and a temperature controlling method thereof, include: a liquid crystal lens which adjusts a focal length according to a voltage applied thereto; a lens driver which applies the voltage to the liquid crystal lens; a sensor driver which detects a temperature of the liquid crystal lens, compensates for the detected temperature, and determines whether the compensated temperatures maintains a preset range for the driver for the liquid crystal lens to perform a control operation; and a heater driver which, according to the determination by the sensor driver, controls heat generation of the liquid crystal lens to maintain a temperature of the liquid crystal lens in the preset range. Thus, the driver detects a temperature of the liquid crystal lens accurately by compensating for a resistance value from the liquid crystal lens to thereby maintain stability of the imaging apparatus.

Abstract: An optical device comprises: an optical structure including a first set of prisms and a second set of prisms which engage with each other, the second set of prisms are formed from electro-optical effect material or provided with electro-optical effect material, when no electric field is applied to the second set of prisms, the first set and the second set of prisms have the same refractivity; at least one pair of electrodes being provided at two sides of the second set of prisms respectively, for generating an electric field therebetween so as to change the refractivity of the second set of prisms in the direction of the electric field; and a control unit connected to the at least one pair of electrodes and performs control to power on the electrodes or power off the electrodes, and controls the intensity of the electric field when the electrodes are powered on.

Abstract: Through its higher refractive index, a silicon grism can be used to reduce the Described herein are systems and methods for reducing optical aberrations in an optical system to decrease polarization dependent loss. Embodiments are provided particularly to define beam trajectories through an optical switching system which reduce off-axis aberrations. In one embodiment, a silicon grism is provided for reducing the curvature of the focal plane at an LCOS device in a wavelength selective switch (WSS) such that the separated polarization states converge at the LCOS at substantially the same point along the optical axis for all wavelengths. In this embodiment, an axial offset at the LCOS device will not produce large PDL at the coupling fibers. In another embodiment, a coupling lens having an arcuate focusing region is provided to address an offset in the optical beams, such that the separated polarization states couple symmetrically to respective output fibers.

Abstract: An optical switch for performing high extinction ratio switching of an optical signal includes a beam polarizing element and one or more optical elements. The optical elements are configured to direct an optical signal along a first or second optical path based on the polarization state of the optical signal as it passes through the optical elements. The optical switch performs high extinction ratio switching of the optical signal by preventing unwanted optical energy from entering an output port by using an absorptive or reflective optical element or by directing the unwanted optical energy along a different optical path.

Abstract: A wavelength selective switch device includes an incidence part where wavelength multiplexed light made of light of a plurality of wavelengths enters, an exit part that includes a plurality of fiber that outputs light of a wavelength selected from a signal in which wavelength multiplexed light that entered from the incidence part enters, a polarization diversity part that separates incidence light that entered the incidence part according to polarization components of the incidence light to make first and second optical beams, a wavelength dispersion and synthesis element that spatially disperses incidence light according to a wavelength of the incidence light and multiplexes the spatially dispersed reflected light according to the wavelength, and a wavelength dispersion and synthesis element that spatially disperses incidence light according to a wavelength of the incidence light and multiplexes the spatially dispersed reflected light according to the wavelength.