Abstract: A display module, a driving method and a display device are disclosed. The display module includes a light valve regulator, which includes a first regulating electrode layer, a light regulating layer, a second regulating electrode layer, and a light converting layer. The first regulating electrode layer is arranged on a side of the second polarizer facing away from the display panel. The light regulating layer is arranged on a side of the first regulating electrode layer facing away from the second polarizer. The light regulating layer includes a first liquid crystal layer and a second liquid crystal layer alternately arranged. The second regulating electrode layer is arranged on a side of the light regulating layer facing away from the first regulating electrode layer. The light converting layer is arranged on a side of the second regulating electrode layer facing away from the light regulating layer.

Abstract: A display device according to an embodiment can include a display panel including a plurality of pixels in a matrix form and having a first pixel and a second pixel adjacent to each other among the plurality of pixels to form a group pixel, a barrier layer disposed on the display panel and including an opening portion disposed in some area of the group pixel for transmitting light and an electrochromic element positioned in a remaining area of the group pixel, and a driver configured to selectively drive a wide viewing angle mode and a narrow viewing angle mode by controlling a signal applied to the display panel and the barrier layer.

Abstract: The present disclosure is drawn to privacy films for electronic displays. In one example, a privacy film for an electronic display can include a louver film. The louver film can include: a plurality of high refractive index slats with a refractive index of about 1.5 to about 3 and having a trapezoidal cross section narrowing toward a viewer side of the louver film; and a plurality of low refractive index slats between the high refractive index slats, having a refractive index less than the refractive index of the high refractive index slats by about 0.1 to about 2. An electrophoretic ink can be optically associated with the low refractive index slats, including opaque particles that are electrically mobile to cause modification of light transmission therethrough. A first and second transparent electrode film can be on a viewer side and a rear side of the electrophoretic ink, respectively.

Abstract: Provided are a small-sized optical coupling system and an optical communication device using the optical coupling system. An optical coupling system includes a liquid crystal optical element, and a photonic device having a plurality of photonic chips, and couples an optical fiber to the photonic device, in which each of the photonic chips includes a grating coupler, the liquid crystal optical element separates incident signal light depending on at least one of polarization or a wavelength to emit light in different directions, and each separated signal light component is incident into the grating coupler of the corresponding photonic chip.

Abstract: According to one embodiment, a display device includes a light-emitting element, a first substrate including a first transparent substrate, a first pixel electrode, and a second pixel electrode, a second substrate including a second transparent substrate including a side surface opposing the light-emitting element and a common electrode overlapping the first pixel electrode and the second pixel electrode and a liquid crystal layer provided between the first substrate and the second substrate and containing a polymer and liquid crystal molecules, and the first pixel electrode is provided between the light-emitting element and the second pixel electrode, and an electrode area of the first pixel electrode is smaller than that of the second pixel electrode.

Abstract: A display substrate and a forming method thereof, a display panel and a display device are provided. The display substrate includes: a base substrate, a display functional layer on the base substrate, and an optical structure arranged at a side of the base substrate. The optical structure is used to control an emergent angle of light from the display functional layer to be within a predetermined angle range.

Abstract: A viewing angle controlling film, a backlight unit using the same, and a display device using the same are disclosed. The viewing angle controlling film comprises a first area where light transmittance is not converted; and a second area where light transmittance is converted, wherein the second area includes a light-transmittance conversion portion configured to react with light of a predetermined wavelength range to convert the light transmittance and not to react with light of a wavelength range other than the predetermined wavelength range.

Abstract: A display panel includes a first substrate, a second substrate, and a liquid crystal layer. The first substrate includes a first common electrode layer and a pixel electrode layer. The first common electrode layer is configured to receive a first common voltage signal to form a first electric field with the pixel electrode layer. The second substrate is disposed opposite to the first substrate, and includes a second common electrode layer. The second common electrode layer is configured to receive a second common voltage signal to form a second electric field with the pixel electrode layer. The liquid crystal layer is disposed between the first substrate and the second substrate.

Abstract: A display device includes a switching panel. The switching panel includes a first polarizer, a second polarizer, a first substrate, a second substrate, and a display medium layer. The first polarizer includes a first absorption axis. The second polarizer is disposed opposite to the first polarizer. The second polarizer includes a second absorption axis parallel to the first absorption axis. The first substrate is disposed between the first polarizer and the second polarizer. The first substrate includes a first alignment layer having a first alignment direction. The second substrate is disposed between the first polarizer and the second polarizer. The second substrate includes a second alignment layer having a second alignment direction. The second alignment direction is parallel or anti-parallel to the first alignment direction. The display medium layer is disposed between the first substrate and the second substrate.

Abstract: A liquid crystal display device includes a liquid crystal panel, a backlight unit below the liquid crystal panel, and a viewing angle control film between the liquid crystal panel and the backlight unit. The viewing angle control film includes a plurality of separation wall patterns that constitute each of a plurality of separation wall group arranged along a first axis, and that each extend along a second axis perpendicular to the first axis. The plurality of separation wall patterns are reduced in height along a direction of the first axis.

Abstract: The present invention discloses a display device and a method of controlling the same, dedicated spectacles and a display system, thereby enabling switching between secrecy display and normal display. The display device comprises a display panel, in which two adjacent sub-pixels located in the same row are configured to display different image information, and which only displays one image of information when in a first display state displays at least two images of information when in a second display state; the display device further comprises a control panel located at a light exit side of the display panel and comprises first regions and second regions which are alternately arranged and is configured so that when the display panel is in the second display state, a polarization direction of light emitted from the display panel after passing through the first regions is different from that of light emitted from the display panel after the light passes through the second regions.

Abstract: A method of repairing a short of a pixel electrode and a storage electrode including irradiating laser to separate a portion shorted to the pixel electrode among the storage electrode to be disconnected, in which the storage electrode includes a first portion overlapping a data line between two adjacent gate lines and a second portion connected to the first portion and enclosing an edge of a pixel area except for a region where the first portion is formed, the pixel area is defined by the data line and a gate line, a thin film transistor is coupled to the data line, the gate line, and the pixel electrode, and two adjacent pixel areas are defined by the two adjacent gate lines and two adjacent data lines, and the storage electrode is branched between pixel electrodes respectively formed in the two adjacent pixel areas.

Abstract: An optical switch for performing high extinction ratio switching of an optical signal includes a beam polarizing element and one or more optical elements. The optical elements are configured to direct an optical signal along a first or second optical path based on the polarization state of the optical signal as it passes through the optical elements. The optical switch performs high extinction ratio switching of the optical signal by preventing unwanted optical energy from entering an output port by using an absorptive or reflective optical element or by directing the unwanted optical energy along a different optical path.

Abstract: Embodiments of a grey-scale holographic structure and system for generating a collimated wavefront in a compact range are generally described herein. In some embodiments, the grey-scale holographic structure comprising millimeter-wave transmissive material having a surface arranged to provide differing amounts of phase-delay to an incident millimeter-wave wavefront as the incident wavefront passes through the material. The grey-scale holographic structure may comprises a plurality of layers (N) to provide a phase total delay of lambda which results from a series tuned layers, each having a thickness of a wavelength/N. Each layer provides a predetermined amount of phase delay allowing the structure to operate as a phase-delay hologram.

Abstract: Embodiments of a grey-scale holographic structure and system for generating a collimated wavefront in a compact range are generally described herein. In some embodiments, the grey-scale holographic structure comprising millimeter-wave transmissive material having a surface arranged to provide differing amounts of phase-delay to an incident millimeter-wave wavefront as the incident wavefront passes through the material. The grey-scale holographic structure may comprises a plurality of layers (N) to provide a phase total delay of lambda which results from a series tuned layers, each having a thickness of a wavelength/N. Each layer provides a predetermined amount of phase delay allowing the structure to operate as a phase-delay hologram.

Abstract: An optical switch for performing high extinction ratio switching of an optical signal includes a beam polarizing element and one or more optical elements. The optical elements are configured to direct an optical signal along a first or second optical path based on the polarization state of the optical signal as it passes through the optical elements. The optical switch performs high extinction ratio switching of the optical signal by preventing unwanted optical energy from entering an output port by using an absorptive or reflective optical element or by directing the unwanted optical energy along a different optical path.

Abstract: A display device for displaying an image includes a display cell with a first cell wall and a second cell wall opposed to the first cell wall. The cell walls enclose a layer of a display medium that includes a liquid crystal material having finely-divided pigment particles dispersed therein. Each cell wall includes an electrode for applying an electric field across the display medium. A method for recording an image is also provided.

Abstract: An electronic display device including a display unit for displaying an image and a light controller disposed in front of the display unit. The light controller includes a polarizing switch for controlling a polarizing direction using an electrical signal, and a pattern polarizer for controlling light transmission in cooperation with the polarizing switch. The polarizing switch has first and second common electrodes facing each other and a liquid crystal layer located between the first and second common electrodes. The pattern polarizer has a plurality of polarizing portions and a plurality of non-polarizing portions alternately arranged in a first direction.

Abstract: A liquid crystal display device includes a pixel electrode, a thin film transistor, a gate line electrically coupled to the pixel through the thin film transistor and a first auxiliary layer having a first connecting portion overlapped with the pixel electrode and a second connecting portion overlapped with the gate line. The pixel electrode is non-overlapped with the gate line and the first auxiliary layer is electrically insulated from the pixel electrode and the gate line. When a white defect occurs, the pixel electrode is electrically connected to the gate line through the first auxiliary layer thereby repairing the white defect as a black defect.

Abstract: A system and method for automated customer feedback allows for automatically collecting and analyzing customer feedback data regarding customer satisfaction and customer task completion with respect to self-service applications and live agents. When contacting a customer service center, customers provide one or more customer tasks. The customers are routed within the customer service center based on the customer task and/or one or more customer characteristics. While interacting with the customer service center, the customers are automatically asked one or more specific survey questions relating to the customers' interaction with the customer service center and the customers' satisfaction levels. The customers provide one or more survey responses to the survey questions. The survey responses are recorded and analyzed in order to modify and update the customer service center and the survey questions in order to increase customer satisfaction and increase customer task completion.

Abstract: A phase plate having a reduced size and a reduced weight and having accurately parted regions while it has the same function as a conventional two-parted optical rotation plate and an optical data recording/reproducing device capable of stably recording and reproducing are presented. A phase plate P1 comprising a polymer liquid crystal film 2 held between transparent substrates i, 4, wherein the polymer liquid crystal film 2 is parted spatially in the region into which an incident light enters, so that the light transmitting the phase plate assumes a different state of polarization depending on an aligning direction of the molecules of the polymer liquid crystal film 2. The phase plate is located as a two-parted optical rotation plate in an optical data recording/reproducing device.

Abstract: A reflective liquid crystal display disclosed herein includes a transistor substrate, a color filter substrate, a first lower electrode, a first upper electrode, a first transparent insulator, a second transparent insulator, a second lower electrode, a second upper electrode and a liquid crystal layer. The first lower electrode, the first transparent insulator and the second lower electrode are formed sequentially on the top surface of the transistor substrate. The first upper electrode, the second transparent insulator and the second upper electrode are fabricated sequentially on the bottom surface of the color filter substrate. The liquid crystal layer is sandwiched between the second lower electrode and the second upper electrode. One of the first lower electrode and the second lower electrode is electrically connected to a plurality of transistors and reflects the external light.

Abstract: A dynamic gain equalizer (1) comprises a spectroscope (4) for separating a light entering from an incoming end, a liquid crystal optical switch (5) for receiving spectral components separated by the spectroscope (4), and a lens system (3) arranged between the incoming end and the spectroscope (4) and/or between the spectroscope (4) and the liquid crystal optical switch (5). The liquid crystal optical switch (5) changes the light intensities of incoming spectral components for each wavelength and sends them out. The dynamic gain equalizer selectively controls the spectral components of specific wavelengths and equalizes the light intensities for the wavelengths without using a mechanical moving part such as a MEMS.

Abstract: Provided herein is a logic tree for steering electromagnetic energy. The logic tree includes a plurality of stages. The first stage includes a branch for directing energy to a similar branch in each succeeding stage. Each stages contains 2n?1 branches, where n is the stage number. In particular embodiments, each branch includes an active element for directing electromagnetic energy into one of a first and a second paths, and a passive element disposed in the second path.

Abstract: An optical switch uses a polarization insensitive spatial light modulator operating by a double pass through a liquid crystal cell. The switch includes two such modulators in a cross bar arrangement. Different embodiments employing techniques for reducing cross talk are described.

Abstract: This invention involves one kind of liquid crystal color light switch, made especially from cholesteric liquid crystals. By changing the voltage applied, the reflection wavelength of the color light switch can be controlled, leading to a rapid change of the reflected light from red to green to blue in rapid succession, thus creating a color display. The core technology of this invention is making the voltage applied to the cholesteric liquid crystal less than the untwisted voltage and still in good focal conic state, that is the symmetric axis are in the same direction, and the pitch is varied according to the voltage applied.

Abstract: Provided herein is a method for fabricating an array. A plurality of insulating media are formed having a plurality of wavelength and polarizing elements embedded therein at an angle relative to the surfaces of the media, such that the spacing between elements halves for each different medium. A phase shifter arrangement is also formed such that a portion of conductive material is disposed on a surface of the insulating media in registry with every other element in each of the media, and other portion of conductive material disposed on another surface overlapping said elements. A phase shifting material is disposed over at least said every other element. The media are stacked such that the topmost insulating medium has two elements, and each succeeding medium has twice as many elements as a preceding medium.

Abstract: The optical waveguide includes an optical waveguide layer, and a filter element including an ultraviolet curing liquid crystal layer disposed in a position which divides the optical waveguide layer in a waveguide direction. The ultraviolet curing liquid crystal layer having a twisted structure in which a helical pitch after curing reflects light of a predetermined wavelength.

Abstract: An optical device for rerouting and modifying an optical signal that uses a double pass through a liquid crystal modulator is disclosed. The optical device includes a first polarizer for providing polarized light, a liquid crystal modulator for selectively modifying the polarized light, a second polarizer for analyzing the light passed through the liquid crystal modulator, and a reflector for reflecting the analyzed light back through the second polarizer, the liquid crystal modulator, and the first polarizer. This arrangement provides a double pass through the liquid crystal modulator, thus significantly improving the attainable extinction ratio.

Abstract: Cholesteric liquid crystal cell units are used for reflecting or transmitting incident light responsive to control signals. A cholesteric liquid crystal cell unit has a first cholesteric liquid crystal cell and a second cholesteric liquid crystal cell. The second cholesteric liquid crystal cell respectively reflects or transmit lights from the first cholesteric liquid crystal cell responsive to a control signal when the first cholesteric liquid crystal cell reflects circularly polarized light of one state or transmits the incident light. In one embodiment of the cell unit, a &pgr;-phase waveplate element is located between the first and second cholesteric liquid crystal cells. With the cholesteric liquid crystal cell units, devices such as optical switches, and WDM add/drop multiplexers, and optical switch systems with arrays of input and output optical fibers between a switching matrix formed by the cholesteric liquid crystal cell units, may be constructed.

Abstract: The present invention relates to beam steering and scanning devices which utilize cholesteric liquid crystal (CLC) elements arranged in branches to form a logic tree. Each branch comprises an active and passive CLC element; the former further comprising a half-wave retarder and an electrode and the latter only the CLC element. Each succeeding branch contains twice as many branches as a preceding branch and, by activating active CLC element electrodes under control of a programmable pulsed source, inputs applied to the first stage of a logic tree are delivered as a scanned line of electromagnetic energy or light to the imaging cells of the last stage of the logic tree. By stacking identical logic trees with a laser source for each tree, a flat panel imaging array or display device is formed in which the transmission losses are minimized.

Abstract: A planar waveguide integrated optic switch suitable for use in optical cross-connect applications. A narrow trench in the planar waveguide core layer is filled with a liquid crystal material possessing positive birefringence. When held at a temperature a few degrees above the clearing point, the liquids crystal's isotropic refractive index is matched to that of the core layer allowing nearly complete optical transmission through the switch. When held at a temperature a few degrees below the clearing point, the liquid crystal's ordinary refractive index is lower than that of the core layer and both polarizations of the incident optical radiation are totally reflected from the trench. When coupled with planar waveguide beam expanding and refocusing elements, arrays of the switches can be used to form an optical cross-connect capable of fully interconnecting linear arrays of single- or multi-mode optical fibers with very low optical loss.

Abstract: A repairable integrated thin film transistor matrix substrate includes an insulated substrate, and a plurality of parallel gate bus lines and a plurality of accumulated capacitance bus lines formed on the insulated substrate. Each of the accumulated capacitance bus lines extend parallel to and between a pair of the gate bus lines, and has a plurality of auxiliary capacitance electrodes which extend from it. A first insulated film is provided on the gate and accumulated capacitance bus lines and the auxiliary capacitance electrodes. A plurality of operating films are formed on the first insulated film, and on each of the operating films, a corresponding thin film transistors are provided. At least two of the thin film transistors are electrically connected to each of the gate bus lines. Also included is a plurality of parallel drain bus lines which are provided substantially perpendicular to the gate and the accumulated capacitance bus lines on the first insulated film.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to an optical space switch accommodating a plurality of input light paths and output light paths. The optical space switch comprises a plurality of polarization control optical switches, each consisting essentially of: polarization control means having elements, one for each input light path, for rotating through 90.degree. the polarizing direction of light information incident from each input light path or otherwise retaining the polarizing direction thereof for output; and a light path routing element for routing the light path for the light information output from the polarization control means in accordance with the polarizing direction of the light information. These polarization control optical switches are arranged in a matrix pattern or coupled in cascade to implement a polarization control optical space switch.

Abstract: An optical device includes a plurality of picture elements the phase and/or amplitude transmission of which vary in the lateral direction of the optical device reducing the level of diffraction caused by the device.

Abstract: An M.times.N optical switching system has a plurality of M optical input ports, each of which is directs a respectively associated optical input beam along one of M spaced apart coplanar parallel input optical paths intersecting an optical coupling path. N optical output ports are installed of the input ports at spaced apart locations of the optical coupling path. Each optical output ports receives a respective optical signal along one of N spaced apart coplanar output optical paths that intersect the optical coupling path apart. M+N mirrors are alignable with a normal bisecting a common angle at a respective intersection of the M input optical paths and the N output optical paths with the optical coupling path. A plurality of actuators controllably move selected mirrors into and out of the optical coupling path, so as to cause an optical signal incident at a selected one of the M optical input ports to be coupled to a selected one of the N optical output ports.