Abstract: A light source in a backlight portion is composed of red LEDs, green LEDs, and blue LEDs. The numbers of respective kinds of LEDs used are selected so that the number of blue LEDs is not smaller than the number of red LEDs and the number of blue LEDs is not smaller than the number of green LEDs.

Abstract: An active matrix substrate includes a substrate composed of resin, and a polysilicon thin film diode formed on the substrate. The polysilicon thin film diode may be a lateral diode centrally having a region into which impurity is doped. As an alternative, the polysilicon thin film diode may be comprised of two lateral diodes electrically connected in parallel to each other and arranged in opposite directions.

Abstract: There is provided a flat panel type display apparatus which is superior in heat radiation, withstand voltage characteristic, and the like. A flexible substrate having driving devices for driving a display body mounted thereon is provided on the back surface of a metal chassis which supports the display body at the back surface thereof. The back surfaces of substrates of the driving devices which are semiconductor integrated circuit devices are polished to remove unnecessary oxide films therefrom, and formed of metal films on the back surfaces. The driving devices are disposed on the flexible substrate with the metal films facing upward, a solder paste is coated on the surfaces of the metal films and the surfaces of grounding wiring patterns formed on the flexible substrate, and a metal plate is disposed on both members through the solder paste.

Abstract: A flat display with a securing device includes a securing device disposed on the flat display at a position other than a display panel of the flat display. The securing device may be a band or a ring.

Abstract: An active matrix is furnished with an insulating substrate; a plurality of scanning lines and signal lines provided on the insulating substrate in a matrix pattern; pixel electrodes provided in areas enclosed by the scanning lines and signal lines, respectively; switching elements electrically connected to the scanning lines, signal lines, and pixel electrodes, respectively; a resistance control element for electrically connecting two lines selected arbitrary from the scanning lines and signal lines while controlling its own resistance value in response to a voltage applied thereto. According to the above arrangement, it has become possible to increase a margin of the active matrix substrate for the static electricity and improve the production yield without increasing the number of the producing steps.

Abstract: A fluorine-substituted compound of the following general formula (1) or (2), and a ferrielectric liquid crystal composition comprising the above compound and a specific ferrielectric liquid crystal compound, wherein, in the formula (1), each of X1 and X2 is a hydrogen atom, or one of them is a hydrogen atom and the other is a fluorine atom, p is an integer of 0 to 3 and q is an integer of 1 to 3, and in the formula (2), each of X1 and x2 is a hydrogen atom, or one of them is a hydrogen atom and the other is a fluorine atom, p is an integer of 1 to 3 and q is an integer of 1 to 3.

Abstract: A system and method for driving a thin film diode (TFD) inclusive AMLCD or imaging device includes providing each pixel with a pair of select lines and a single data line. In certain embodiments, the insulator or semi-insulator layer between electrodes of the diode includes, or is of, amorphous carbon nitride alloy. In other embodiments, the semi-insulating layer includes polycrystalline carbon or nanocrystalline carbon.

Abstract: Red, green and blue light sources, and a shutter are provided. Photosensors are provided for detecting the luminance of each of the light sources. A controller is provided for sequentially operating each of the light sources, the shutter, and the photosensor in synchronism with each other at regular intervals. A luminance control circuit is provided for comparing a luminance detected by the photosensor with a reference value and for controlling the luminance of each of the light sources based on the comparison so as to keep a color balance of the light emitted from the color display device.

Abstract: A backlit transmissive liquid crystal display including non-linear resistive thin film diodes (TFDs). Select address lines on the active substrate provide both conventional address line functionality, as well as acting as one of the electrodes for each thin film diode. Two such diodes are provided in each pixel in certain embodiments. Still further, black matrix material is provided between the aforesaid address line material and the substrate so as to form rows of stacks on the active substrate. The thin film diode semi-insulating material, the address line material, and the black matrix material are patterned together in a single step to form elongated rows (or columns) on the active substrate. In such a manner, the display has reduced ambient light reflections, and reduce photosensitivity.

Abstract: For contacting a non-linear switching element (10), for example for use in a display device (1), a metallic layer (14) is provided on a layer of non-linear resistive material by means of a low-energetic deposition technique. This layer may function as a contact but also as a protective layer when a contact metallization (15) is provided at a later stage.

Abstract: A color liquid crystal display device has a liquid crystal layer of nematic liquid crystal having positive dielectric anisotropy and including a chiral material, which is interposed between two substrates disposed substantially in parallel, each provided with a transparent electrode and an aligning layer. The twist angle of the liquid crystal layer of liquid crystal molecules determined by the aligning layer of each of the substrates is 160.degree.-300.degree.. A pair of polarizing plates are disposed outside the liquid crystal layer. A driving circuit applies a driving voltage across the transparent electrodes. A birefringent plate is disposed between the liquid crystal layer and an upper polarizing plate and the product .DELTA.n.sub.1 .multidot.d.sub.1 of the refractive index anisotropy .DELTA.n.sub.1 of the liquid crystal in the liquid crystal layer and the thickness d.sub.1 of the liquid crystal layer is 1.2 .mu.m-2.5 .mu.m. The birefringent plate is formed to have a relation of n.sub.X .gtoreq.n.sub.Z .

Abstract: In a liquid crystal display device using thin-film diodes or thin-film transistors as switching elements, a protection film is provided on the entire surface of a substrate on which switching elements and signal electrodes or scanning electrodes are formed, openings are defined in corresponding positions between each electrode of the protection film and the remaining portion of each electrode layer material inside each opening is removed by an etching treatment.

Abstract: A display device which is based on a number of pixels (2) which are arranged in rows and columns, each pixel having a two-pole switching element (3) between an electrode (13) of a pixel and a row electrode (5), and a second two-pole switching element (23) between said electrode of the pixel and an auxiliary row electrode (25) used for resetting, auxiliary row electrodes for resetting having a common connection (24) for a plurality of rows of pixels.

Abstract: A method of fabricating an active matrix display device having a matrix of display elements (12), particularly liquid crystal elements. An array of first electrodes (24) are connected to associated address conductors (20) through two-terminal non-linear devices (16), in which the first electrodes and address conductors are provided as separate planar arrays. Prefabricated, physically discrete non-linear devices (35), such as MIMs or punch through diodes, are arranged between the planar arrays electrically coupling respective first electrodes to associated address conductors. A set of display element second electrodes/address conductors (18) is provided as a further array spaced from the array of first electrodes with liquid crystal material (21, 61) disposed therebetween. The non-linear devices are distributed, possibly carried in a polymer film, in a quasi-random manner. Large area displays are possible without using extensive lithography.

Abstract: A thin film diode and method of fabrication having large current capability and low-turn on voltage is provided as a switching or protective device against electrostatic discharge in integrated devices such as magnetoresistive sensors and the like. A first semiconductor thin film layer of NiO.sub.x having p type properties is disposed on an arbitrary substrate, such as alumina, glass, silicon dioxide, silicon and the like. A second semiconducting layer of tin oxide or indium oxide or other transparent oxide is joined to the first layer to form a p/n junction. In one method of fabrication, the p/n junction is formed in a sputtering process under a partial oxygen pressure to control the stoichiometry of the films. Gold and Gold Indium contacts are attached to the films to provide electrical contacts. The device is enclosed in a protective coating and connected in parallel with an electronic device subject to electrostatic discharge.

Abstract: A thin film transistor protection circuit includes a outer short-circuit line formed around a pixel electrode driving thin film transistor on an array substrate, and a discharging thin film transistor having a gate electrode and a current path connected between a wiring line connected to the pixel electrode driving thin film transistor and the outer short-circuit line. The protection circuit further includes a charging circuit for charging the gate electrode of the discharging thin film transistor according to a difference in potential between the conductive and wiring lines.

Abstract: The display apparatus of this invention includes: a display medium having an electro-optic characteristic; a pair of substrates arranged to face each other sandwiching the display medium; a pair of electrodes disposed in inner surfaces of the pair of substrates for applying a voltage to the display medium; and at least one nonlinear element including a nonlinear resistance layer composed of a sulfide film obtained by immersing a conductive or semiconductive film in a solution containing sulfur ions or ions having sulfur atoms and applying a voltage between the conductive or semiconductive film as an anode and a cathode, the nonlinear element being disposed on the inner surface of one of the pair of substrates and electrically connected to one of the pair of electrodes.