Abstract: A large flat panel display having a plurality of tile display modules with capability in the range of 12 or more lines per inch, being precisely manufactured and aligned such that the interpixel spacing between two adjacent tiles maintains the uniformly periodic spacing of the interpixel spacing within tiles. The display is addressed as a single monolithic display, without reference to the plurality of individual tiles making up the display. All of the interconnections between tiles are located between tiles in the "shadow area", unless all tiles can have an edge around the periphery of the display. Also disclosed are methods of making and assembling the tiles and the displays.

Abstract: A liquid crystal display is provided wherein a plurality of liquid crystal display tiles are arranged in a matrix and are electrically interconnected to a tile carrier by depositing an electrically conductive metal on a sidewall edge of the liquid crystal display such as by plating, evaporation, or sputtering. Also provided is the method for forming the liquid crystal display.

Abstract: A display panel and method of making same in which the panel comprises a plurality of display devices mounted between light-transmitting plates. The structure includes clear and opaque bonding materials positioned to retain alignment and provide acceptable brightness, contrast, and resolution while holding the display devices in contact with the light-transmitting plates.

Abstract: The present invention features methods and apparatuses for sealing tiled, flat-panel displays (FPDs). Tile edges corresponding with the display's perimeter edges are designed with a wide seal. Interior edges, however, have narrow seals in order to maintain the desired, constant, pixel pitch across tile boundaries. In some cases, this invention applies specifically to arrays of tiles 2.times.2 or less, and, in other cases, to N.times.M arrays, where N and M are any integer numbers. The tiles are enclosed with top and bottom glass plates, which are sealed with an adhesive bond to the tiles on the outside perimeter of the tiled display. Vertical seams (where tiles meet at the perimeter of the FPD) are sealed with a small amount of polymer. The seal may be constructed between a cover plate and a back plate, sandwiching the tiles. The AMLCD edges may be coated with either a non-permeable material or a polymer having an extremely low permeability (for example, Parylene.TM.).

Abstract: A liquid crystal display device includes a large-panel prepared by connecting a plurality of liquid crystal panels side to side on a large substrate, each liquid crystal panel being composed of a TFT substrate and a CF substrate. The TFT substrate and the CF substrate are connected by a combined use of a first seal material of a photo-setting resin formed along connecting sides between the liquid crystal panels and a second seal material made of a thermosetting resin formed along other sides than the connecting sides. As a result, a hardening inferior of the seal material as well as a display inferior of the liquid crystal panel due to the seal material can be prevented.

Abstract: A self adjusting tiled image display system and method is provided. In operation, an image source having an array of tiled image displays projects a test image pattern. A positioning device is attached to a corresponding one of the image displays for positioning that image display. A sensor senses the test image pattern projected by the image displays and generates a sensor signal indicative of the sensed test image pattern. A processor compares the sensor signal to a proper alignment signal indicative of the image displays being properly aligned to generate a positioning signal. The processor applies the positioning signal to the positioning devices to position the image displays as a function of the positioning signal until the image displays are in the proper alignment.

Abstract: A reflective liquid crystal display device has a liquid crystal cell formed by laminating upper and lower orientation layers 11 and 21, upper and lower electrodes 14 and 24, upper and lower substrates 12 and 22, and upper and lower polarizers 13 and 23 arranged in order above and below a liquid crystal layer 10 so that they may face their counterparts respectively. The liquid crystal cell is provided with viewing angle dependence so that the light transmission ratio of the dark display section to the bright display section for the light incident at the required angle may be less than 2 at the required azimuth angle of the liquid crystal cell, and the direction of the required azimuth angle is aligned with the direction of the main light source incident into the liquid crystal cell.

Abstract: A display device provided with a set of display panels aligned adjacently to each other placed between a large-scaled substrate and a flexible coat layer opposing each other, and the space between the display panels and the space between each display panel and the large-scaled substrate and flexible coat layer are filled with an adhesive agent. The adhesive agent bonds each display panel to another, and also the set of display panels and the large-scaled substrate and coat layer. A force acting on each display panel caused by volumetric shrinkage of the adhesive agent as it sets is absorbed by the flexible coat layer, and thus the cell gap in each display panel remains intact. As a result, a display device with a large-scaled screen of a multi-display method which can eliminate inconsistencies in color and make the connections of the display panels less noticeable can be realized.

Abstract: An integrated electro-optical package including an array composed of a substrate having defined thereon a plurality of unit cells, composed of active and inactive areas. The substrate having positioned thereon a major surface, a plurality of sub-arrays and driver/control circuits. The sub-arrays, defining the active area formed within each unit cell, and being composed of a plurality of light emitting devices. The driver/control circuits mounted to the substrate within the inactive area of each unit cell. The electro-optical package fabricated to allow for scanning of the active area of each unit cell to create a resultant integrated image of increased resolution, without an increase in the number of pixels formed by the light emitting devices of the sub-arrays.

Abstract: A liquid crystal welding glass structure whose density increases when welding is commenced includes two liquid crystal cells which are mounted between polarization filters which have an extinguishing effect on one another. When mounting the filters, the filters are turned so that their respective angular dependencies on the optical density counteract one another. With the intention of improving this compensating effect, the brushing/rubbing of the mutually opposing limiting walls which determine the direction of the molecules is limited to at least one of the component cells whose relative angular displacement differs from 90.degree. and is smaller than or coincident with 85.degree.. The angle is preferably between 20.degree. and 85.degree..

Abstract: A liquid crystal display comprising a plurality of liquid crystal panels placed on a single plane of a large substrate, and a black matrix made of a photo-absorbing film that shows black when having absorbed light. Two polarizing plates are respectively placed to cover the front and rear surface of a set of liquid crystal panels almost entirely in such a manner that their polarizing axes intersect at right angles. The resulting multi-screen liquid crystal display consumes less power, retains excellent display quality, and makes the joints between the liquid crystal panels difficult to see.

Abstract: A liquid crystal display apparatus has a junction panel obtained by joining a plurality of liquid crystal display panels so that display surfaces of the liquid crystal display panels become flush. The liquid crystal display panels each have picture elements for displaying images by transmitting and shielding a transmitting light, a black matrix for shielding a light which enters a position where the picture elements do not exist and a zonal sealing member for sealing liquid crystal into each picture element. A width of the sealing member on the junction surface where the liquid crystal display panels are joined is set so as to be narrower than a width of the black matrix. Joints of displayed images on a border of the liquid crystal display panels of the junction panel can be made inconspicuous, and quality of displayed images on the junction panel which is a big screen can be improved.

Abstract: Adjacent liquid crystal display tiles are internally electrically interconnected, thereby providing wire escapes for the pixels of the tiles.

Abstract: The image display apparatus is capable of displaying an image on a large screen in which non-display regions are completely eliminated or minimized. The image display apparatus comprises an opposite board in which common electrodes made of transparent conductive resin are respectively formed on both surfaces of a transparent substrate. A plurality of array boards in each of which semiconductor element and a signal line are formed on a transparent substrate are arranged on both surfaces of the opposite board, such that display regions of end portions of the array boards face each other a sandwich of the opposite board inserted therebetween. Frame-like sealing members made of transparent resin are respectively inserted in clearances between the opposite board and the array boards. Liquid crystal is enclosed in each of spaces surrounded by the frame-like sealing members between the opposite board and the array boards.

Abstract: This invention relates to a novel cell construction which enables stacked cells to be formed in which the intermediate substrate is so thin that little or no parallax occurs between the images formed in the two or more cells. In addition, the thickness of the intermediate substrate is such that the field drop across is is low (about 10%) compared to that across the liquid crystal layers, and the stacked cell can be addressed as a single cell. This greatly simplifies and reduces the cost of the interconnections and drive electronics. The avoidance of the need for transparent electrodes on both surfaces of the intermediate substrate also improves transmittance (and reflectivity) of the device. Of course, should it be required, the intermediate substrate can be patterned with transparent electrodes in the conventional way. The advantage of substantially zero parallax would remain.

Abstract: A liquid crystal display is provided having a plurality of liquid crystal displays arranged in matrix and interconnected to a tile carrier wherein at least one of the individual display tiles has both its X and Y address wiring routed to a single tile edge.

Abstract: A liquid crystal display has an upper substrate, a lower substrate, and a liquid crystal layer, disposed between the upper and lower substrates. First segment electrodes are formed in one portion of the upper substrate, and a first common electrode is formed in the other portion thereof. A second common electrode is formed on the portion of the lower substrate corresponding to that of the first segment electrodes, and second segment electrodes are formed on the portion of the lower substrate corresponding to that of the first common electrode. The dual-faced liquid crystal display enables observation of identical data on the front and rear surfaces thereof, with a single liquid crystal cell.

Abstract: The present invention features flat-panel displays having a mosaic of tiles, and methods of constructing and sealing them. Sealing designs are described to maintain appropriate vacuum levels for FEDs, PFPDs and LCDs. The mosaic of tiles forming a flat-panel display may include subassembly tiles, with each consisting of two, unsealed, substantially parallel plates having a structure positioned between them; these are known as s-tiles. The tiles may be enclosed by a cover plate and backplate. Non-permeable material may be deposited on the cover plate and the backplate, with solderable metal overlaid on the non-permeable material. A metallized, non-permeable spacer/connector is also located between the cover plate and backplate for hermetically sealing the perimeter of the display. A set of electrical-interconnection, metal feed-throughs can also be positioned in the non-permeable spacer/connector.

Abstract: A plurality of liquid crystal display tiles arranged in a matrix are electrically interconnected to a tile carrier by wire bonds.

Abstract: A display unit includes an optical modulation element for subjecting an incident light beam to optical modulation, and a coolant disposed in contact with an output side of the optical modulation element, wherein a focal distance of an output light beam of the optical modulation element is set to a predetermined distance in accordance with a length of the output light beam of the optical modulation element, which passes through the coolant.

Abstract: A liquid crystal display panel has an electric wiring provided at least on one of a pair of substrates, a seal member, applied to the substrate so as to partially cross the electric wiring, the seal member being made of a ultraviolet ray hardening resin or a ultraviolet ray hardening resin used in combination with heat hardening, wherein the electric wiring has a line width narrower in an area where the seal member crosses the electric wiring than in an area where the seal member does not cross the electric wiring. With the arrangement, when the ultraviolet ray is externally projected onto the seal member from the substrate side, the substrate being provided with the electric wiring, the ultraviolet ray can be fully projected even onto the seal member on the electric wiring which has a narrow line width. It is thus avoided that the liquid crystal orientation is disturbed due to the inadequate hardening of the seal member and the inadequate filling of the liquid crystal occurs.

Abstract: A liquid crystal display panel has an electric wiring provided at least on one of a pair of substrates, a seal member, applied to the substrate so as to partially cross the electric wiring, the seal member being made of a ultraviolet ray hardening resin or a ultraviolet ray hardening resin used in combination with heat hardening, wherein the electric wiring has a line width narrower in an area where the seal member crosses the electric wiring than in an area where the seal member does not cross the electric wiring. With the arrangement, when the ultraviolet ray is externally projected onto the seal member from the substrate side, the substrate being provided with the electric wiring, the ultraviolet ray can be fully projected even onto the seal member on the electric wiring which has a narrow line width. It is thus avoided that the liquid crystal orientation is disturbed due to the inadequate hardening of the seal member and the inadequate filling of the liquid crystal occurs.

Abstract: A sub-twisted nematic liquid crystal display (SBTN-LCD) device (30) having a liquid crystal layer (34) characterized as a polarization rotator below an optical threshold voltage, a half-wavelength plate at approximately a saturation voltage, and a transparent layer above the saturation voltage. The twist angle of the liquid crystal layer is between 46.degree.-89.degree., preferably about 55.degree.. The product of the birefringence of the liquid crystal and the thickness of the liquid crystal layer (.DELTA.nd) is in the range of 0.35-0.70 .mu.m, and preferably about 0.52 .mu.m for the 55.degree. twist. One polarizing layer (42) is applied to the liquid crystal device with the polarization direction either parallel or perpendicular to the immediately neighboring liquid crystal director. Further, the performance of the SBTN-LCD is dependent upon the parameters of the liquid crystal material, such as the elastic constants.

Abstract: An optical compensatory sheet is basically composed of a transparent support and an optically anisotropic layer provided thereon. The optically anisotropic layer is a layer of polymer having discotic units formed by copolymerization of a compound having at least two functional groups such as isocyanato, isothiocyanato or oxiranyl and a compound having at least two nucleophilic groups, at least one of the compounds being a discotic compound; or polymerization of a discotic compound having at least one functional group and at least one nucleophilic group. A process for the preparation of the optical compensatory sheet, a liquid crystal display and a color liquid crystal display having the optical compensatory sheet are also disclosed.

Abstract: Disclosed is an electrostatic discharge protective circuit in a liquid crystal display having a plurality of cells in a substrate, wherein a short-circuit area which can be cut off at the same time of the cell-cutting process is comprised of first lines for connecting respective facing pads of two adjacent cells; second lines for connecting the first lines in series array, and short-circuiting the entire first lines; and a third line for connecting the short-circuiting lines.

Abstract: The present invention concerns a liquid crystal display device consisting of a system of pixel elements. The display device includes an assembly of at least first and second display elements. The extremities of the display elements are overlapped so as to maintain a constant spacing between the pixel elements. Each display element includes two glass plates sealed together with a liquid crystal element between them.

Abstract: The present invention features a tiled, substantially flat, panel display having the characteristic of visually imperceptible seams between the tiles for the intended viewing conditions, which include the perception thresholds of the human eye, the view distance, the display brightness and the level of the ambient light. The panel consists of an image source plane having spaced-apart pixels containing light-transmitting elements comprising single or multiple lightvalves. These lightvalves transmit monochromatic light, or primary color light spectra, for example, red, green and blue, in gray-scale and color displays, respectively. Each of the pixels is located along the image source plane at a uniform pitch greater than approximately 0.2 mm. Many adjacently-situated tiles are located in a plane in proximity to the image source plane. Secondary light rays can be controlled via light shields, aperture plates, masks and optical elements.

Abstract: A liquid crystal display panel has an electric wiring provided at least on one of a pair of substrates, a seal member, applied to the substrate so as to partially cross the electric wiring, the seal member being made of a ultraviolet ray hardening resin or a ultraviolet ray hardening resin used in combination with heat hardening, wherein the electric wiring has a line width narrower in an area where the seal member crosses the electric wiring than in an area where the seal member does not cross the electric wiring. With the arrangement, when the ultraviolet ray is externally projected onto the seal member from the substrate side, the substrate being provided with the electric wiring, the ultraviolet ray can be fully projected even onto the seal member on the electric wiring which has a narrow line width. It is thus avoided that the liquid crystal orientation is disturbed due to the inadequate hardening of the seal member and the inadequate filling of the liquid crystal occurs.