Abstract: An electronic window is provided for adjusting light and includes a first panel, a second panel, and an intermediate layer. The first panel includes a first alignment layer. The second panel includes a second alignment layer. The intermediate layer is disposed between the first panel and the second panel. The angle of orientation of the first alignment layer is between 25 degrees and 65 degrees, and the angle of orientation of the second alignment layer is between 115 degrees and 155 degrees.

Abstract: According to certain embodiments of the disclosure, an electronic device may include a housing, a window frame disposed in the housing and providing at least one opening exposing an inside of the housing to an outside of the housing, at least one window coupled to the window frame to close the at least one opening, and at least one optical module disposed inside the housing and configured to receive external light incident through the at least one window. The at least one window may include an inner surface facing the inside of the housing, a side surface facing an inner wall of the at least one opening, and a first inclined surface connecting the side surface to the inner surface. The first inclined surface may be inclined with respect to the inner surface and the side surface and may be bonded to the inner wall. Other various embodiments are possible as well.

Abstract: A color filter substrate, a display panel, and a display device. The color filter substrate includes a base substrate, a common electrode layer covered on the base substrate, and a first alignment layer covered on the common electrode layer. The first alignment layer has a display region and a sealant region for connecting a frame sealant. One or a plurality of opening(s) is/are arranged on the first alignment layer, and one or a plurality of electrical conductor(s) embedded in the frame sealant is/are configured to insert into the one or a plurality of opening(s) to be electrically connected with the common electrode layer. According to the present application, a problem of a frequently occurred poor conductivity between the array substrate and the common electrode layer of the color filter substrate in the display panel of the related art is solved.

Abstract: The present application provides a splicing display device, a light-emitting diode (LED) substrate is arranged on adjacent display devices, and the LED substrate covers a gap. LED elements are arranged on a base. A first magnetic member is arranged on the base. A fastening module includes a fastening element and a magnetic assembly. The fastening element is arranged on a support module. At least a portion of the fastening element is arranged corresponding to the gap. The magnetic assembly is arranged on the fastening element and located in the gap. The magnetic assembly is magnetically connected to the first magnetic member.

Abstract: An electro-optical device may include a first substrate, a second substrate, a seal member extending in a first direction and disposed between the first and second substrates in a seal region defined around a pixel area, a first conductive layer disposed between the first substrate and the seal member and extending in a second direction intersecting with the first direction, a second conductive layer disposed between the first substrate and the first conductive layer and extending in the second direction, a third layer disposed in the pixel area and formed of the first conductive layer, and a fourth layer disposed in the pixel area and formed of the second conductive layer. In plan view, the first conductive layer overlaps the second conductive layer in the seal region. In a cross-sectional view the first direction, the second conductive layer is larger in an outer shape than the first conductive layer.

Abstract: A stacked display device and a control method thereof are provided. The stacked display device includes a stacked display including a first panel and a second panel comprising a different transmittance from the first panel and a processor to obtain a first layer image to display an image on the first panel and a second layer image to display an image on the second panel, adjust brightness of the second layer image based on a ratio between a first transmittance for the first panel and a second transmittance for the second panel, and a pixel value of the second layer image, and control the stacked display to display the second layer image of which brightness is adjusted on the second panel while displaying the first layer image on the first panel.

Abstract: An electronic paper carrier includes an electrode layer disposed on the electrode layer, an electronic ink layer, a protective layer covering the electronic ink layer, and at least one contact electrode connected with the electrode layer and penetrating the electronic ink layer and the protective layer to be exposed on a surface of the protective layer facing away from the electronic ink layer. An image update machine is configured to update a display image of the electronic paper carrier and includes a transistor array substrate including a plurality of pixel electrodes and an electric field guiding layer covering the pixel electrodes and configured to be in detachable contact with the protective layer and to guide an electric field between the pixel electrodes and the electrode layer. The electric field drives the electronic ink layer to update the display image.

Abstract: A method for manufacturing a display device includes providing a panel substrate including a panel area, a peripheral area, and a dummy pattern disposed at a boundary between the panel area and the peripheral area. A protection part is disposed on the panel substrate. A first processing line overlaps a first outline of the panel area extending from a first point of an outline of the panel area. A second processing line overlaps a second outline extending from the first point in a direction different from the first outline are defined. The protection part is partially cut along the first processing line. The protection part is fully cut along the second processing line. The dummy pattern overlaps the first point.

Abstract: A display device including: a substrate including a display area and a peripheral area adjacent to the display area; a plurality of data lines extending in a first direction in the display area; a fan-out unit arranged in the peripheral area and connected to the plurality of data lines; a first signal line arranged in the peripheral area; and a common power supply line arranged in the peripheral area and overlapping the fan-out unit.

Abstract: A visualization system provides graphics for presentation on displays of multiple users who may be wearing head-mounted displays (HMDs). In an embodiment, the system determines that a first gaze direction of a first user is directed toward a first display. The system determines user inputs performed by the first user. The user inputs may be hands-free such as gestures of a hand or finger or voice commands. The system generates a graphical annotation using the user inputs. The system provides the graphical annotation to a first HMD for presentation to the first user. The system determines a second display paired to the first display. The system provides the graphical annotation to a second HMD for presentation to a second user looking at the second display. The displays may include a physical display or a virtual display, for example, in an augmented reality environment.

Abstract: An image display device includes: a display panel which displays an image on a front surface of the display panel; a heat diffusing plate on a rear side of the display panel; and a frame along an edge surface of the display panel and an edge surface of the heat diffusing plate. The frame includes: a side wall which is disposed opposite to the edge surface of the display panel and the edge surface of the heat diffusing plate; and a support wall which projects from the side wall toward the heat diffusing plate. The heat diffusing plate includes a peripheral portion between the support wall and the display panel. The peripheral portion includes, on a rear side, a stepped portion which houses at least part of support wall.

Abstract: A display device includes a liquid crystal module (10, 20, 30) including a display panel (10) and a light emitting unit (20)that illuminates the display panel (10). The light emitting unit (20) includes a support substrate (24) that is disposed to face the display panel (10), a light guide member (21) that is provided between the display panel (10) and the support substrate (24), and has a first end surface (213) and a second end surface (214), a light source (22) that is disposed to face the first end surface (213), and a holding member (25) that is provided between the display panel (10) and the support substrate (24) along an outer edge of the support substrate (24), and has a facing surface joined to the second end surface (214). This display device has a structure suitable for a thin profile.

Abstract: A cholesteric liquid crystal display includes a cholesteric liquid crystal device, a color filter element, a first quarter-wave plate, and a light recovery structure. The cholesteric liquid crystal device includes a cholesteric liquid crystal. The color filter element and the first quarter-wave plate overlap the cholesteric liquid crystal device. The first quarter-wave plate and the color filter element are located between the cholesteric liquid crystal and the light recovery structure.

Abstract: The present application provides a display device. When a camera assembly of the present application is switched to a camera mode, a light valve is in a light-shielding state, and pixel units in a light transmissive region are in a light transmissive state. A photosensitive element collects external image information through the light transmissive region for imaging. When the camera mode of the camera assembly is switched off, the light valve is in a light-transmissive state, and light of the backlight module passes through the light valve to perform normal display operations. Accordingly, camera-under-panel shooting and a full-screen design are realized, and a bezel problem of a display panel is completely solved.

Abstract: An example device includes a light source, a liquid crystal layer, and an array of pixel electrodes disposed between the light source and the liquid crystal layer. The array of pixel electrodes is to control orientation of liquid crystal of the liquid crystal layer to modulate light incident from the light source to produce an image composed of pixels. The example device further includes an array of scattering electrodes to selectively influence orientation of liquid crystal of the liquid crystal layer to degrade contrast of selected pixels of the image.

Abstract: A display panel includes: a first substrate; a second substrate; a first alignment film layer provided on the first substrate, wherein the first alignment film is sandwiched between the first substrate and the second substrate; a plurality of protruding regions formed about a perimeter edge portion of the first substrate, wherein the plurality of protruding regions include an associated trench region provided in a plurality thereof, wherein each trench region includes at least one trench, each trench being configured to retain a portion of the first alignment film layer or the second alignment film layer when sandwiched between the first substrate and the second substrate so as to limit shrinkage of the first alignment film layer or the second alignment film layer during operation of the display panel.

Abstract: A liquid crystal display panel includes a first substrate, a second substrate, a liquid crystal layer, a first polarizing plate, and a second polarizing plate. The first substrate includes a first dielectric substrate, first and second electrodes, provided over the first dielectric substrate and configured to generate a transverse electric field in the liquid crystal layer, at least either of which has a plurality of slits, and a first alignment film placed in contact with the liquid crystal layer. The first substrate further includes an inorganic insulating layer provided between the second electrode and the first alignment film. The difference between the refractive index of the inorganic insulating layer and the refractive index of the second electrode is smaller than or equal to 0.20. The thickness of the inorganic insulating layer is greater than or equal to 50% of the thickness of the second electrode and greater than or equal to 40 nm.

Abstract: A display panel is provided. The display panel includes a first substrate faces a second substrate. The first substrate includes a plurality of first spacers and a plurality of second spacers. The second substrate includes a corresponding plurality of first protrusions and a plurality of second protrusions. A sum of a height of the first protrusion and a height of the first spacer is greater than that of the second spacer. Each of the first spacers includes at least one protrusion. A length of an orthographic projection of each protrusion on a plane of the first substrate is longer in one direction.

Abstract: The invention provides a display panel and a display device. An array substrate of the display panel includes signal transmission circuits and a control signal circuit. The signal transmission circuits include a first signal transmission circuit and a second signal transmission circuit in the circuit region. The second signal transmission circuit and the control signal circuit are disposed at the same layer. Therefore, there is no need to provide a hole for electrical connection between second signal transmission circuit and control signal circuit in the circuit region. The density of the holes in the circuit region is reduced.

Abstract: Disclosed are a protective film for a polarizer with superior optical and mechanical properties, a polarizing plate including the same and a display device including the same.

Abstract: According to the utility model, there is provided a film laminator for cell phones, useful for film lamination on a surface of a cell phone, including: a cell phone fixing plate, on which a through hole for receiving the cell phone is established, and a top surface of which is a horizontal face; with at least one position limiting plate for abutting the cell phone within the through hole being also fixed on the top surface. The film laminator for cell phones further includes: a film laminating plate for fixing a cell phone film; one end of which is hinged to the cell phone fixing plate, and the other end of which is movable freely so that the film laminating plate is bonded with the top surface of the cell phone fixing plate.

Abstract: A display panel includes: first and second substrates, each including a display area and a peripheral area in a plan view; and a sealing portion disposed between the first and second substrates. An edge of the display panel includes straight-lined and shaped edges, and the shaped edge includes a curved portion. An edge surface of the first substrate at the straight-lined edge, an edge surface of the second substrate at the straight-lined edge and an edge surface of the sealing portion at the straight-lined edge collectively define a first convex surface, an edge surface of the first substrate at the shaped edge, an edge surface of the second substrate at the shaped edge and an edge surface of the sealing portion at the shaped edge collectively define a second convex surface, and shapes of the first and second convex surfaces are different from each other.

Abstract: [Object] To provide an illumination device that suppresses degradation of display quality by preventing damage of light source elements, a reflection sheet, and an optical sheet; and a display. [Solution] A backlight device 10 includes: an LED substrate 11; a plurality of LEDs 15 disposed adjacent to each other on the LED substrate 11; an optical member 24 disposed to face the LEDs 15; a reflection sheet 12 disposed on the LED substrate 11 and having a plurality of openings at which the LEDs 15 are disposed; and a support body 17 formed at least in a gap between the reflection sheet 12 and the LEDs 15, at at least one of the plurality of openings, the support body 17 projecting further than the LEDs 15 on a side opposite to the LED substrate 11 and supporting the optical member 24.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to methods for treating, preventing and improving the condition and aesthetic appearance of skin, particularly, treating, preventing, ameliorating, reducing and/or eliminating fine lines and/or wrinkles of skin, by application of one or a combination of natural compounds or extracts that stimulate MAGP-1 expression and which improves the appearance of aged and/or photodamaged skin. The compositions of the invention are topically applied to the skin, or are delivered by directed means to a site in need thereof in an amount effective to improve the condition and aesthetic appearance of skin.

Abstract: The present invention provides a liquid crystal display panel and a manufacturing method of the liquid crystal display panel. The display panel includes a color filter substrate. The color filter substrate includes a color resist layer. The color resist layer includes a first color resist region and a second color resist region. The first color resist region is arranged corresponding to a display region. The second color resist region is arranged corresponding to a non-display region.

Abstract: A display device includes a display panel for displaying an image, a light source module including a plurality of light sources, and an optical sheet provided between the display panel and the light source module for guiding light radiated by the light source module to the display panel. The optical sheet includes a first transparent layer including a plurality of grooves provided on a first surface of the optical sheet that is opposite to the display panel, and having a first refraction index, a second transparent layer provided in each of the plurality of grooves and having a second refraction index that is different from the first refraction index, and a reflective layer including a light reflective material provided in each of the plurality of grooves and covering the second transparent layer, and including a light-reflective material.

Abstract: A light-emitting device includes a substrate, an active device, a first light-shielding layer, a transparent electrode, a second light-shielding layer, a light-converting layer, an electroluminescent structure, and a top electrode. The active device is located on the substrate. The first light-shielding layer is disposed on the active device and has a first opening. The transparent electrode is located on the first light-shielding layer and electrically connected to the active device. The second light-shielding layer is located on the transparent electrode and has a second opening corresponding to the first opening. The light-converting layer is substantially located in the first opening. The electroluminescent structure is substantially located in the second opening. The transparent electrode is located between the first opening and the second opening. The electroluminescent structure is located between the top electrode and the transparent electrode.

Abstract: A flash memory device includes a substrate, an electrode layer on a portion of the substrate, the electrode layer being a work function adjusting layer or a metal silicide layer, and a memory cell. The memory cell includes a channel structure on the electrode layer and having, from the inside to the outside in this order, a channel layer in contact with the electrode layer, a tunneling insulator layer surrounding the channel layer, a charge trapping layer surrounding the tunneling insulator layer, and a barrier layer surrounding the charge trapping layer, and a plurality of gate structures surrounding the channel structure along an axial direction of the channel structure. The flash memory device may be formed on a dielectric layer, and its fabrication process is thus compatible with back end of line processes.

Abstract: The present application discloses a display device, a backplane and the mold for manufacturing the backplane bracket. The mold is used to imprint molding the sheet raw material; the mold has an elongated imprint mold structure; the two ends of the imprint mold structure have a male and female interworking mold structures; by placing the raw material with different lengths in a plurality of predetermined positions in the imprint mold structure can form a plurality of brackets for combining to a backplane. The present application provides a backplane and the simplified mold structures for manufacturing the backplane bracket, the process to manufacturing the backplane is simplified. By adapting a set of mold can manufacture a plurality of the needed bracket to form a backplane, which greatly reduces the cost of production.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to a manufacturing method for a light adjusting structure, a light adjusting structure, a backlight module and a display device. The manufacturing method includes: providing a light guide plate; forming a substrate having a plurality of micro structures; and placing the micro structures upside down on a light exit surface of the light guide plate; heating the light guide plate; adhering the tips of the micro structures to the light guide plate; cooling the light guide plate; and forming a first reflective layer on the side surface of each micro structure.

Abstract: According to one embodiment, a display device includes a first substrate having a first surface, a second surface opposite to the first surface and a first side surface, and a second substrate having a third surface opposed to the first surface, a fourth surface opposite to the third surface and a second side. The first substrate has a first inclined surface which is continuous with the first surface and the first side surface, the second substrate has a second inclined surface which is continuous with the fourth surface and the second side surface, and a first width of the first inclined surface is less than a second width of the second inclined surface.

Abstract: A display device is discussed. A back light unit support structure such as a light source housing for supporting a part of a back light unit and the structure of a back cover are optimized, so that a display panel circuit unit is disposed on the lower front surface of the display device operated in a non-folding COF scheme. Accordingly, a flat plate type back cover may be used and a wall mounting through-hole is provided in an upper edge support member, thereby the display device may be simply installed to the wall in close contact with a wall.

Abstract: Disclosed is a display apparatus that seals a gap space between a display panel and a cover sidewall by an upper optical film attached to an upper surface of the display panel, wherein the display apparatus may include a rear cover with a space; a guide frame received in the space; a display panel supported by the guide frame; a panel connection member for connecting the display panel with the guide frame; and the upper optical film, wherein the cover sidewall covers side surfaces of the display panel and the upper optical film, and an end of the upper optical film is inserted into an optical film insertion groove formed in an inner surface of the cover sidewall so as to cover and seal the gap space between the display panel and the cover sidewall.

Abstract: A lighting template usable in connection with standard theatrical lights is provided. The lighting template contains a LCD adapted to receive and reproduce video output thereon. The lighting template provides a body adapted to mount to a theatrical light so that the LCD is disposed within the focal plane thereof. Thereby a lighting designer may selectively control the video output so as to manipulate the projected light through the LCD, affordably creating animated projections from the theatrical light.

Abstract: A flexible printed circuit board installed on a substrate in a display device is provided.

Abstract: A light diffusing sheet according to an embodiment of the invention may be a light diffusing sheet that is formed on one side of a substrate and has a particular pattern formed on a surface thereof, where the light diffusing sheet may include a polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) coating layer that is formed on one side of the substrate and a poly-chloro-p-xylene coating layer that is formed on one side of the polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) coating layer with a pattern formed on its surface, the tensile strength of the polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) coating layer is 10 to 60 psi, and a compressive force is applied on the polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) coating layer when an interface is formed between the polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) coating layer and the poly-chloro-p-xylene coating layer.

Abstract: A backlight unit includes a light emission reflecting portion, first reflecting protrusions, and second reflecting protrusions. The light emission reflecting portion includes unit reflecting portions that include main reflecting surfaces and light reentering surfaces arranged opposite to the main reflecting surfaces, respectively. The first reflecting protrusions include extended main reflecting surfaces that continue to the main reflecting surfaces, respectively, and first auxiliary reflecting surfaces that reflect rays of light traveling toward an opposite plate surface and direct the rays of light toward the main reflecting surfaces and the extended main reflecting surfaces.

Abstract: A display device includes a first transparent substrate, a second transparent substrate opposed to the first transparent substrate, a display panel disposed between the first transparent substrate and the second transparent substrate, a first touch panel disposed on a bottom face of the display panel, and a second touch panel disposed on an upper face of the display panel.

Abstract: The various embodiments include a near-eye display having a transmissive display and a diffractive micro-lens array. The transmissive display may be positioned relative to the diffractive micro-lens array so that the distance between the transmissive display and the diffractive micro-lens array is be approximately equal to focal length of the diffractive micro-lens array. The transmissive display may also be positioned relative to the diffractive micro-lens array so that a percentage of light emitted from the transmissive display is diffracted by the micro-lens array and collimated into focus on a retina of a human eye. The transmissive display may be further positioned relative to the diffractive micro-lens array so that light from a real world scene passes through transparent portions of the transmissive display and is diffracted by the micro-lens array out of focus of the human eye.

Abstract: A display apparatus includes a display panel curved along a first direction and a backlight unit. The backlight unit includes a bottom chassis, light emitting diodes, reflecting members, and a reflecting sheet. The light emitting diodes include a first light emitting diode and a second light emitting diode. The second light emitting diode is spaced apart from the first light emitting diode in the first direction. A first area that a first reflecting member disposed under the first light emitting diode among the reflecting members is exposed is different from a second area that a second reflecting member disposed under the second light emitting diode among the reflecting members is exposed.

Abstract: A holography reproducing apparatus and a holography reproducing method are provided. The holography reproducing apparatus includes: a backlight configured to emit light, and a spatial light modulator configured to modulate light input from the backlight and transmit the modulated light to generate a transmissive hologram image, wherein at least one of a wave front of light emitted from the backlight and the spatial light modulator has a curved surface.

Abstract: A flexible printed circuit board installed on a substrate in a display device is provided.

Abstract: This display includes a light source portion, a first heat radiation member for radiating heat generated by the light source portion, a rear housing covering the first heat radiation member in a state in contact with the first heat radiation member, and a cover member covering a rear surface of the rear housing so that the rear surface of the rear housing is partially exposed outward. The first heat radiation member is arranged on a region corresponding to a region of the rear housing exposed outward from the cover member as viewed from the side of the rear surface.

Abstract: This display includes a light source portion, a first heat radiation member for radiating heat generated by the light source portion, a rear housing covering the first heat radiation member in a state in contact with the first heat radiation member, and a cover member covering a rear surface of the rear housing so that the rear surface of the rear housing is partially exposed outward. The first heat radiation member is arranged on a region corresponding to a region of the rear housing exposed outward from the cover member as viewed from the side of the rear surface.

Abstract: A color film substrate, a display panel and a display device are provided. The color film substrate comprises: a flexible base substrate partitioned to a plurality of sub-regions based on a plurality of parallel lines that is paralleled with a setting central axis of the base substrate, the plurality of sub-regions having the same area as each other; and a plurality of photo spacers provided in each of the plurality of sub-regions. For any one of the plurality of sub-regions, each of the photo spacers in one of the plurality of sub-regions is configured such that a thickness of the display panel at a position corresponding to the photo spacers is increasingly changed under the same pressure force as a distance of said one of the plurality of sub-regions from the setting central axis increases. As a result, a thickness of a liquid crystal cell of the display panel can be maintained to be uniform when the display panel is bent.

Abstract: Provided is a method of manufacturing new liquid crystal display device according to an embodiment of the present invention. Firstly, an alignment film is formed on a substrate. The alignment film is divided into a first alignment film formed using, as a precursor, liquid-state polyimide that contains a photodecomposition substance and a second alignment film formed using, as a precursor, a polyamic acid that does not contain a photodecomposition substance. UV light is irradiated to the alignment film, and decomposed substances formed by irradiation of the UV light is removed by an at least two-step removing process. By the method of manufacturing a liquid crystal display device according to the exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure, bright spots are minimized in pixels and a brightness of black is lowered, so that a liquid crystal display device with a high contrast ratio can be realized.

Abstract: The present application discloses a display panel comprising an array of pixel units, each pixel unit comprising a red sub-pixel, a green sub-pixel, and a blue sub-pixel; the red sub-pixel comprising a red light emitting portion; the green sub-pixel comprising a green light emitting portion; and the blue sub-pixel comprising a blue light emitting portion; at least one of the red sub-pixel, the green sub-pixel, and the blue sub-pixel comprising a white light emitting portion for enhancing brightness of the at least one sub-pixel. A first white color coordinate and a second white color coordinate are substantially the same. The first white color coordinate is a white color coordinate of combined light of light emitted from the red sub-pixel, the green sub-pixel, and the blue sub-pixel. The second white color coordinate is a white color coordinate of combined light of light emitted from equal area units of the red light emitting portion, the green light emitting portion, and the blue light emitting portion.

Abstract: An electronic apparatus includes a display module 3, a frame-like housing member 2, a temporary holding member 6, and a fixing member 4. The frame-like housing member 2 has side wall sections 2a-1 and 2a-2 opposing each other. The temporary holding member 6 is assembled to the frame-like housing member 2 by being engaged and aligned with the side wall section 2a-2 and by being engaged with and fixed to the side wall section 2a-1. The fixing member 4 is assembled to the frame-like housing member 2 by being engaged and aligned with the side wall section 2a-1 and by being engaged with and fixed to the side wall section 2a-2.

Abstract: The disclosure provides a terminal, including a flexible terminal body, a rigid bracket, a pull rod, and a terminal battery and main board adapted to a structure of the rigid bracket. The rigid bracket is fixed on the flexible terminal body, the rigid bracket includes a plurality of sub-brackets and rotating shafts, and the plurality of sub-brackets are lined up along the flexible terminal body; the terminal battery is arranged in cavities formed by two adjacent sub-brackets, and is penetrated by two rotating shafts on two sub-brackets respectively; the main board is arranged on an outer side of the rigid bracket; the plurality of sub-brackets and the terminal battery rotate around the corresponding rotating shafts; and two extending heads at tail ends of the pull rod are inserted into positioning holes of the corresponding sub-brackets for positioning after the flexible terminal body is curved to a preset curving position.

Abstract: A circuit section of a display device is provided with a display element section on which a plurality of display elements are arranged at positions overlapped with a display region on which a display functional layer is formed, an input section for transmitting a signal for driving the display functional layer to the display element section and a lead-out wiring section for electrically connecting the display element section to the input section. Moreover, the lead-out wiring section is provided with a plurality of stacked wiring layers, and the plurality of wiring layers include a first wiring layer on which a plurality of first wirings having a first wiring width and a second wiring layer on which a plurality of second wirings having a first wiring width that is narrower than the first wiring width are formed.