Abstract: Sensor for determining a rotation angle (?) about a rotation axis. The sensor includes a rotary element mounted in a base element so as to be rotatable about the rotation axis. The rotary element is made from a first material having a first refractive index n1 and is constructed from several layers. At least one light generating device is fixedly arranged relative to the base element. At least one light detection device is fixedly arranged relative to the base element and configured to detect a light signal. At least one refractive structure is arranged in each layer and has a second refractive index n2, wherein n2?n1. The at least one beam path extends at least in a first rotation angle range through the at least one refractive structure in order to be able to assign a specific rotation angle (?) to the light signal detected by the at least one light detection device at least in the first rotation angle range.

Abstract: A high-contrast electro-optic liquid crystal camera iris provides angle independent transmission for uniform gray shades. The liquid crystal iris comprises a combination of first and second liquid crystal devices arranged in optical series and positioned between optical polarizers. The director field of the second liquid crystal device is a mirror image of the director field of the first liquid crystal device, and the first and second liquid crystal devices are placed together so that the azimuthal directions of the surface-contacting directors are in parallel alignment at the adjoining or confronting surfaces of the substrates of the first and second liquid crystal devices. The liquid crystal iris provides, therefore, less angular variation of intermediate transmittances compared with that provided by prior art liquid crystal irises.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to the field of display technology, and provides an optical compensation film, its manufacturing method, a polarizer, a liquid crystal display panel and a display device. The optical compensation film includes a first substrate, a second substrate arranged opposite to the first substrate, a first alignment layer arranged at a side of the first substrate opposite to the second substrate, a second alignment layer arranged at a side of the second substrate opposite to the first substrate, and a first liquid crystal layer arranged between the first alignment layer and the second alignment layer, wherein the first liquid crystal layer is provided with a predetermined pretilt angle.

Abstract: A high-contrast electro-optic liquid crystal camera iris (10) provides angle independent transmission for uniform gray shades. The liquid crystal iris comprises a combination of first and second liquid crystal devices (12, 14) arranged in optical series and positioned between optical polarizers (46, 48). The director field (18) of the second liquid crystal device is a mirror image of the director field (16) of the first liquid crystal device, and the first and second liquid crystal devices are placed together so that the azimuthal directions (42) of the surface-contacting directors (18c, 22c) are in parallel alignment at the adjoining or confronting surfaces of the substrates (242, 321) of the first and second liquid crystal devices. The liquid crystal iris provides, therefore, less angular variation of intermediate transmittances compared with that provided by prior art liquid crystal irises.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is a transistor including: a semiconductor layer; a first gate insulation film and a first interlayer insulation film which are provided on a specific surface side of the semiconductor layer; a first gate electrode provided at a location between the first gate insulation film and the first interlayer insulation film; an insulation film provided on the other surface side of the semiconductor layer; source and drain electrodes provided by being electrically connected to the semiconductor layer; and a shield electrode layer provided in such a way that at least portions of the shield electrode layer face edges of the first gate electrode, wherein at least one of the first gate insulation film, the first interlayer insulation film and the insulation film include a silicon-oxide film.

Abstract: The present invention provides a method for manufacturing a highly reliable display device at a low cost with high yield. According to the present invention, a step due to an opening in a contact is covered with an insulating layer to reduce the step, and is processed into a gentle shape. A wiring or the like is formed to be in contact with the insulating layer and thus the coverage of the wiring or the like is enhanced. In addition, deterioration of a light-emitting element due to contaminants such as water can be prevented by sealing a layer including an organic material that has water permeability in a display device with a sealing material. Since the sealing material is formed in a portion of a driver circuit region in the display device, the frame margin of the display device can be narrowed.

Abstract: A method for the control of a liquid crystal display that includes a matrix of pixels arranged in crossed lines and columns. A switching of state of the liquid crystal molecules, is controlled by application of an electrical control signal between two electrodes (50, 52) framing each pixel, generates a flow according to a particular direction (18), characterized in that, to control the switching of at least some of the pixels (P). The method includes applying to at least one neighboring pixel (58), according to the direction of flow, of a pixel (P) whose switching is controlled by the electrical control signal, auxiliary electrical signals whose amplitude is less than the anchorage breaking voltage and whose rising or falling edges are temporally placed in advance or in coincidence with the active falling edge of the electrical control signal, to favor the switching of the said pixel to be controlled (P).

Abstract: Displays having narrow viewing angles that can be fabricated using fabrication facilities geared toward wide angle displays are described. In one display, a narrow viewing angle optical film is placed between the LCD panel and the polarizers. The narrow viewing angel optical films have a vertically orientated optical axis and a positive birefringence.

Abstract: To provide a polymerizable liquid crystal composition showing good coating properties even when a support substrate has a low solvent resistance, and having uniform alignment properties. A polymerizable liquid crystal composition is prepared by containing as components an acrylate polymerizable liquid crystal compound, a compound represented by formula (3), and a non-liquid crystalline compound having an acryloyl group or a methacryloyl group as a reactive moiety, and having a functional group including a hydroxyl group as a reactive dilution solvent in one molecule. When the polymerizable liquid crystal composition is applied onto the support substrate, dried and irradiated with light, the polymerizable liquid crystal composition showing good coating properties even when the support substrate has the low solvent resistance, and having the uniform alignment properties can be obtained.

Abstract: In a liquid crystal display (1), a transparent electrode (100) constituting a display liquid crystal cell (30) has a plurality of patterns (102, and the like) for forming a desired pattern in the outer circumferential part (101) forming the whole display region, and transparent electrodes (13a, 13b) are sandwiching at least a part of liquid crystal molecules of a liquid crystal layer (20). When voltage application control of the plurality of patterns (102, and the like) is performed, respectively, for the whole display region displayed by bright display or dark display, a desired pattern can be displayed by reversed bright/dark display of the bright/dark display of the whole display region.

Abstract: A liquid crystal display device and a method for driving the same are provided. The liquid crystal display device includes a first liquid crystal layer selectively driven by a first electric field in a first direction; and a second liquid crystal layer selectively driven a second electric field in a second direction, the second direction being different from the first direction.

Abstract: A main object of the present invention is to provide a rotating plate hardly generating variation in the rotation angle of the liner polarization so as to easily realize a desired rotation angle, and a liquid crystal display device enabling observation of a bright image by use thereof even in a state with a polarizing glasses put on. To attain the object, the present invention provides an optical rotation plate comprising a transparent substrate, and an optical rotation layer formed on the transparent substrate and containing a rod-shaped compound for forming a cholesteric structure and having a function of rotating transmitted liner polarization, wherein the cholesteric structure has a 90 degrees or larger twist angle and a pitch in a range of 450 nm to 4,000 nm.

Abstract: A cholesteric liquid crystal display device includes: a plurality of pixel units arranged two-dimensionally between two transparent substrates. Each of the plurality of pixel units includes a cholesteric liquid crystal layer having a single-layer structure. The cholesteric liquid crystal layer includes: a liquid crystal molecule; a chiral dopant; and an optically polymerizable polymer. The chiral dopant is mixed with the liquid crystal molecule to form a cholesteric phase and has a solubility that varies with respect to the liquid crystal molecule according to temperature. The optically polymerizable polymer is cured to fix a helix pitch of the cholesteric phase.

Abstract: A display panel is disclosed. The display panel includes a data line, a scan line, a first switch connected to a first voltage, a second switch connected to a second voltage, and a pixel.

Abstract: A display includes a display device having a first polarizer and a second polarizer or a reflector, and a display layer disposed between the first polarizer and the second polarizer or the reflector. A liquid crystal layer is disposed between the display layer and one of the first polarizer and the second polarizer or reflector. The liquid crystal molecules of at least one region of the liquid crystal layer are switchable between a first state in which the display has a first display mode with a first viewing angle range and a second state in which the display has a second display mode having a second viewing angle range smaller than the first viewing angle range.

Abstract: A super-twist nematic (STN) liquid crystal (LC) light shutter with improved contrast performance, lower power requirements and enhanced off-axis performance. Compensator components may be disposed in front of and, in some cases, behind the liquid crystal cell. In some embodiments, a STN LC cell with a twist angle of 270 degrees may be used. In other embodiments, a STN LC cell with a twist angle ranging between just greater than 270 degrees and 285 degrees may be used. Also disclosed is a system incorporating the various disclosed STN LC shutters.

Abstract: The present invention provides an illuminating apparatus locally reducing light intensity without depending on the configuration of a light source itself. An illuminating apparatus used as a backlight of a display apparatus having a liquid crystal display panel with a pair of first polarizers, including a light source and a liquid crystal light control panel. The liquid crystal light control panel has a pair of second polarizers and suppresses amount of transmission of light from the light source, thereby allows the light from the light source to have such a light intensity distribution along a plane that light intensity is locally reduced. The polarization degree in the second polarizers is optimized so that transmission light amount ratio of the second polarizers is lower than that of the first polarizers.

Abstract: An optically anisotropic film comprising at least one species of liquid crystal compound which exhibits a nematic phase or a smectic phase, the liquid crystal phase showing birefringence ?n(?) at wavelength ? which satisfies the numerical expression (1) below is disclosed.

Abstract: A novel optical compensation sheet is disclosed. The sheet comprising a polymer layer formed by coating and, drying a solution comprising a polymer compound and a solvent composition comprising 20% by weight or more of water; and an optically anisotropic layer formed on the surface of the polymer layer by hardening a liquid crystal layer comprising at least one liquid-crystalline compound under irradiation of ionizing radiation at a film surface temperature from 70 to 160° C.; wherein a frontal retardation (Re) value of the optically anisotropic layer is not zero, and the optically anisotropic layer gives substantially equal retardation values for light of a wavelength ? nm coming respectively in a direction rotated by +40° and in a direction rotated by ?40° with respect to a normal direction of a layer plane using an in-plane slow axis as a tilt axis (a rotation axis).

Abstract: A polarization modulator for time-multiplexed stereoscopic 3D applications rapidly switches between two polarization states in alternate subframes. The polarization modulator uses two liquid crystal devices arranged in optical series and driven such that the second device compensates a change the first device makes to an input polarization state of incident light during alternate subframes. The compensating liquid crystal devices are characterized in that, if the same voltage is applied to both of them, the second device compensates the change that the first device makes to the input polarization state, regardless of the applied voltage level. If the applied voltage is changed from one level to another and the liquid crystal material in the liquid crystal devices relaxes to the new voltage level, polarization state compensation will take place throughout the duration of the relaxation so that the slow, unpowered transition does not manifest itself as a change in polarization state.

Abstract: An optical element is arranged in such a manner that a screen thereof can be hardly observed from a predetermined direction, and a deterioration of an image quality caused by moire does not occur. The optical element is constituted by a first polarizing layer, a second polarizing layer, and a liquid crystal layer arranged between these two polarizing layers. In the optical element, absorption axes of the first polarizing layer and the second polarizing layer are located parallel to each other; the liquid crystal layer is made of hybrid-aligned discotic liquid crystal; and an alignment axis of the liquid crystal layer is located parallel to, or perpendicular to both absorption axes of the first polarizing layer and of the second polarizing layer.

Abstract: A viewing angle switchable liquid crystal display panel includes a first substrate, a second substrate, a liquid crystal layer disposed between the first substrate and the second substrate, a plurality of color sub-pixels and a plurality of viewing angle control (VAC) pixels. The liquid crystal layer includes liquid crystal molecules sandwiched between the first substrate and the second substrate. The liquid crystal molecules of each color sub-pixel include twisted nematic liquid crystal molecules. Each of the color sub-pixels includes a first pixel electrode disposed on an inner surface of the first substrate, and a second pixel electrode disposed on an inner surface of the second substrate. Each of the viewing angle control pixels includes a first electrode and a second electrode disposed on the inner surface of the first substrate, and a third electrode disposed on the inner surface of the second substrate.

Abstract: In a liquid crystal display (1), a transparent electrode (100) constituting a display liquid crystal cell (30) has a plurality of patterns (102, and the like) for forming a desired pattern in the outer circumferential part (101) forming the whole display region, and transparent electrodes (13a, 13b) are sandwiching at least a part of liquid crystal molecules of a liquid crystal layer (20). When voltage application control of the plurality of patterns (102, and the like) is performed, respectively, for the whole display region displayed by bright display or dark display, a desired pattern can be displayed by reversed bright/dark display of the bright/dark display of the whole display region.

Abstract: A polarization modulator for time-multiplexed stereoscopic 3D applications rapidly switches between two polarization states in alternate subframes. The polarization modulator uses two liquid crystal devices arranged in optical series and driven such that the second device compensates a change the first device makes to an input polarization state of incident light during alternate subframes. The compensating liquid crystal devices are characterized in that, if the same voltage is applied to both of them, the second device compensates the change that the first device makes to the input polarization state, regardless of the applied voltage level. If the applied voltage is changed from one level to another and the liquid crystal material in the liquid crystal devices relaxes to the new voltage level, polarization state compensation will take place throughout the duration of the relaxation so that the slow, unpowered transition does not manifest itself as a change in polarization state.

Abstract: The present invention provides a transmissive liquid crystal display device which is less in display characteristics fluctuations, bright in display images, high in contrast and less in viewing angle dependency and comprises a backlight, a polarizer, a second optically anisotropic layer, a first optically anisotropic layer, a homogeneously aligned liquid crystal cell comprising upper and lower substrates facing each other and a liquid crystal layer sandwiched between the upper and lower substrates, and a polarizer, arranged in piles in this order from the backlight, wherein a liquid crystal film forming the first optically anisotropic layer, a liquid crystal film forming the second optically anisotropic layer and the liquid crystal cell have a predetermined relationship in the wavelength dispersion of birefringence, the first optically anisotropic layer, the second optically anisotropic layer and the liquid crystal cell upon application of an electric voltage for black image display, have a predetermined rela

Abstract: A liquid crystal display device includes a liquid crystal layer containing a composition that includes a nematic liquid crystal and a chiral agent, the composition having properties satisfying ?/??1/2/E2?1.0 and having a refractive index anisotropy of 0.23 or more, ? representing the viscosity of the liquid crystal composition, ?? representing the dielectric constant anisotropy of the composition, and E representing the electric field intensity at which the state of the composition is changed from a planar state to a focal conic state and a pair of electrode substrates between which the liquid crystal layer is disposed, at least one of the electrode substrates being transparent.

Abstract: A liquid crystal display includes: a pair of substrates including at least one transparent substrate; a liquid crystal layer disposed between the pair of substrates; and an electrode group formed on at least one of the pair of substrates so as to apply an electric field to the liquid crystal layer. The liquid crystal layer contains at least one kind of liquid crystalline compound and at least one kind of chiral dopant. The concentration c of the chiral dopant is lower than a saturation solubility s thereof. The concentration c of the chiral dopant and a helical twisting power [HTP] of the chiral dopant satisfy a relation of [HTP]·c?5.5 (?m?1).

Abstract: A method for making a polarizer-and-compensator assembly includes: (a) forming an alignment film on a releasable substrate; (b) forming a liquid crystal film on the alignment film so as to form a compensator layer on the releasable substrate; and (c) transferring the compensator layer from the releasable substrate to a polarizer plate by removing the releasable substrate from the compensator layer and attaching the alignment film to the polarizer plate.

Abstract: A protective automatic darkening filter construction 10 includes two low twist liquid crystal cells 26, 30 interspersed between a series of offset polarizers 24, 28, 32. The resulting construction provides improved homogeneity in the dark state as viewed by the user over a large viewing angle. By reducing variations in shade, visibility through the filter may be improved.

Abstract: A defect detection method of a layered film having a polarizing plate and an optical compensation layer includes steps of: applying light from a light source arranged at the polarizing plate layer side of the film surface of the layered film; a step of imaging a transmitting light image of the layered film by an imaging unit arranged at the optical compensation layer side of the film surface; and a defect detection step for detecting a defect existing on the layered film according to the transmitting light image captured by the imaging unit. The imaging unit performs imaging via an inspection polarizing filter arranged on the optical path between the light source and the imaging unit and adjacent to the imaging unit; and an inspection phase difference filter arranged on the optical path between the light source and the imaging unit and between the inspection polarizing filter and the layered film.

Abstract: A main object of the present invention is to provide a rotating plate hardly generating variation in the rotation angle of the liner polarization so as to easily realize a desired rotation angle, and a liquid crystal display device enabling observation of a bright image by use thereof even in a state with a polarizing glasses put on. To attain the object, the present invention provides an optical rotation plate comprising a transparent substrate, and an optical rotation layer formed on the transparent substrate and containing a rod-shaped compound for forming a cholesteric structure and having a function of rotating transmitted liner polarization, wherein the cholesteric structure has a 90 degrees or larger twist angle and a pitch in a range of 450 nm to 4,000 nm.

Abstract: A cholesteric liquid crystal composition homogenously having a desired pitch length and pitch gradient and capable of giving a layer having a broad selective reflection bandwidth; a circularly-polarized light separating sheet having the broad selective reflection bandwidth and capable of being produced simply and homogenously; and a method for producing such a sheet. A cholesteric liquid crystal composition which contains a nematic liquid crystal compound having a reactive group, contains a chiral agent, has a ?n value of 0.18 or more and has an absolute value of a temperature dependency parameter ?? represented by ??={(2(?b??a)/(?b+?a)}×{100/(b?a)} (“a” and “b” represent the temperature (° C.), ?a represents a selective reflection center wavelength at “a” ° C. and ?b represents the selective reflection center wavelength at “b” ° C.) of 0.

Abstract: An optical compensation film comprising a light absorbing layer capable of absorbing at least light of wavelength ? nm in the visible light region is disclosed. The light absorbing layer has absorption anisotropy, light absorption coefficient kz(?) in the direction normal to the surface of layer (in the direction of z-axis), with respect to light of wavelength ? nm in the visible light region, being larger than in-plane (x-y plane) light absorption coefficients kx(?) and ky(?); and the light absorbing layer has the larger degree of absorption anisotropy at the light of longer wavelength. A liquid crystal display device employing the film is also disclosed.

Abstract: A display is provided for switching between a narrow or private viewing mode and a wide or public viewing mode. The display comprises a display device which is controlled to provide display of a desired image or sequence of images. This is associated with a liquid crystal device having at least one liquid crystal layer whose molecules are switchable between a first state providing a first angular viewing range and a second state providing a second angular viewing range which is within and smaller than the first angular viewing range. With the molecules in the second state, the device at least partially blocks light propagating towards part of the first angular viewing range outside the second angular viewing range. The or each liquid crystal layer is in contact with at least one alignment surface, the or each of which comprises a uniform non-patterned alignment surface.

Abstract: A bistable chiral tilted-homeotropic nematic liquid crystal (BCTHN) display can be switched between the tilted-homeotropic state (TH state) and the twisted state (T state) by using dual frequency liquid crystal material. These two states can be maintained without the application of any electric field. The bistable liquid crystal display does not need high voltage to induce the flow of liquid crystal or break the anchoring energy.

Abstract: The present invention provides an optical film which includes at least a first optically anisotropic layer, and a second optically anisotropic layer, wherein the first optically anisotropic layer satisfies the following Expression (1), the second optically anisotropic layer satisfied the following Expression (2), and a slow axis of the first optically anisotropic layer is orthogonal to a slow axis of the second optically anisotropic layer, 0?Re(450)/Re(550)?0.5 ??Expression (1) 0.95?Re(450)/Re(550)?1.05 ??Expression (2) where Re(?) represents an in-plane retardation value (unit: nm) of the corresponding optically anisotropic layer measured at a wavelength of ? nm.

Abstract: The present invention provides an optical film including at least two optically anisotropic layers, wherein one optically anisotropic layer satisfies Expression (1) described below, the other optically anisotropic layer satisfies Expression (2) described below, and a slow axis of the one optically anisotropic layer is parallel to a slow axis of the other optically anisotropic layer, 0?Re(450)/Re(550)?0.5 ??Expression (1) 0.95?Re(450)/Re(550)?1.05 ??Expression (2) where Re (?) represents an in-plane retardation value (unit: nm) of the corresponding optically anisotropic layer measured at a wavelength of ? nm.

Abstract: An optical compensatory sheet producing apparatus produces an optical compensatory sheet having a liquid crystal layer. In the apparatus, a rubbing unit is supplied with resin film having a first layer including resin, and subjects the first layer to a rubbing process, so as to form an orientation layer. A dust remover removes dust from the orientation layer by use of liquid such as perfluorocarbon, to which the orientation layer is insoluble. A liquid crystal layer coater is disposed downstream from the dust remover, for coating the orientation layer with coating liquid including liquid crystalline compound, so that the liquid crystal layer is formed.

Abstract: A light path shift device is disclosed that is able to divide an effective region of a light path and drive the divided regions independently. The light path shift device includes a liquid crystal layer held between at least two opposite transparent substrates, the liquid crystal layer being homeotropically aligned and being able to form a chiral smectic C phase; and plural electrodes for applying an electric field in the liquid crystal layer in a horizontal direction. An effective region of the liquid crystal layer through which a light path passes is divided into plural sub-regions, plural light path shift elements with the electrodes formed thereon are stacked only at positions corresponding to the sub-regions, and are arranged so that boundary lines of the sub-regions are in agreement when being viewed along the direction of light propagation.

Abstract: Disclosed herein are an integrated O film for improving a viewing angle of a TN-LCD, and a polarizer plate and TN-LCD including the same. Also disclosed herein are a compensation film which is capable of improving a contrast characteristic at a front side and an inclination angle and minimizing a color variation according to a viewing angle in a dark state, and a polarizer plate and TN-LCD including the same. The integrated O film includes a transversely-stretched negative biaxial (B) film and a positive O film laminated on the transversely-stretched negative B film.

Abstract: An ink composition capable of forming a liquid crystal layer even on a base material with no alignment treatment applied; and an optical film, a polarizing film and a liquid crystal display produced using the ink composition. The liquid crystal layer forming ink composition has a liquid crystalline molecular material, an organic solvent for dissolving or dispersing the molecular material, and an alcohols solvent. By applying the ink composition on a base material, drying, and aligning the liquid crystal molecule material, an optical film with a liquid crystal layer formed can be obtained. Since the alcohols solvent is contained in the liquid crystal composition, the liquid crystalline molecular material is in a state horizontally aligned on the base material, and the optical film can have a high transparency.

Abstract: A protective automatic darkening filter construction 10 includes two low twist liquid crystal cells 26, 30 interspersed between a series of offset polarizers 24, 28, 32. The resulting construction provides improved homogeneity in the dark state as viewed by the user over a large viewing angle. By reducing variations in shade, visibility through the filter may be improved.

Abstract: A liquid crystal display device includes a display panel and a viewing angle control panel. The viewing angle control panel includes a pair of substrates, a liquid crystal layer interposed between the pair of substrates, and a pair of electrodes for applying an electric field to the liquid crystal layer. The liquid crystal layer is composed from hybrid-aligned liquid crystal molecules. The viewing angle of the display panel is controlled by changing an alignment state of the hybrid-aligned liquid crystal molecules in the liquid crystal layer by voltage applied by the electrodes.

Abstract: An optical film comprising a transparent support and an optically-anisotropic layer formed of a composition comprising at least one liquid-crystal compound, wherein the transparent support comprises at least one selected from cycloolefin-base homopolymers and copolymers, and the optically-anisotropic layer satisfies the following relation (1): Re(450)/Re(650)<1.25, is disclosed. An optical compensation film comprising a transparent support, and an optically-anisotropic layer formed of a composition comprising a liquid-crystal compound, wherein the transparent support comprises a polymer having at least either of lactone ring unit or glutaric anhydride unit, is also disclosed.

Abstract: This invention offers a liquid crystal display device with which each of a plurality of observers can visually recognize each of two different images displayed on a single liquid crystal display panel respectively. The liquid crystal display device of this invention includes a light source for backlighting, a first polarizing plate to extract linearly polarized light from the light source for backlighting, a polarization control LCD composed of a liquid crystal layer divided into a plurality of columns and controlling an optical retardation of each of the plurality of columns, lenticular lenses disposed along the columns, a first retardation plate in which a row having a first optical retardation and a row having another optical retardation that is different from the first optical retardation are disposed alternately, a display LCD and a second and a third polarizing plates between which the display LCD is interposed.

Abstract: The invention provides a viewing angle control element capable of realizing high information concealment without damaging brightness of transmitted light and dynamically changing a viewing angle in accordance with need or no need of information concealment. The viewing angle control element according to the invention can include liquid crystal twist-aligned by approximately 180°, and have a liquid crystal layer being electrically controllable and a pair of polarizing layers provided at both sides of the liquid crystal layer. Optical axes of both polarizing layers can be arranged to be substantially parallel to each other, and liquid crystal molecules of the liquid crystal layer adjacent to the polarizing layers can be aligned to be substantially parallel to the optical axes of the polarizing layers.

Abstract: Display apparatuses are provided that includes a light source, a first liquid crystal display on the light source, and a second liquid crystal display on the first liquid crystal display. The first liquid crystal display is configured to allow a variable amount of light transmission based on a first control signal. The second liquid crystal display is configured to allow a variable amount of light transmission based on a second control signal.

Abstract: A method of addressing bistable nematic liquid crystal devices is provided. The method is suitable for implementation using commercially available STN drivers. The method involves applying one of at least two data waveforms simultaneously to each column electrode whilst an active row waveform is applied to an active row and a non active row waveform is applied to all other rows. The resultant waveform at the pixels on the active row comprises a blanking portion sufficient to cause the liquid crystal material to blank, irrespective of which data waveform is applied, immediately followed by a discriminating portion which allows for selective latching depending on the data waveform applied.

Abstract: An optical compensatory sheet comprises a cellulose ester film, an orientation layer and an optically anisotropic layer formed of liquid crystal molecules in this order. Alignment of the liquid crystal molecules is fixed. An alkaline solution is coated on a surface of the cellulose ester film to saponify the surface. The saponified surface is coated with a coating solution of the orientation layer.

Abstract: A method of addressing multistable nematic liquid crystal devices, in particular bistable nematic liquid crystal devices is provided. The method is a line at a time addressing scheme where one of at least two data waveforms is applied simultaneously to each of the column electrodes whilst a strobe waveform is applied to a row. The strobe waveform comprises a blanking portion sufficient to cause the liquid crystal material to blank, irrespective of which data waveform is applied, immediately followed by a discriminating portion which is such that in combination with an appropriate data waveform allows for selective latching. At least part of both the blanking portion and the discriminating portion are applied during the line address time for the particular row of interest.