Abstract: A display device comprises a waveguide configured to guide light in a lateral direction parallel to an output surface of the waveguide. The waveguide is further configured to outcouple the guided light through the output surface. The display device additionally comprises a broadband adaptive lens assembly configured to incouple and to diffract therethrough the outcoupled light from the waveguide. The broadband adaptive lens assembly comprises a first waveplate lens comprising a liquid crystal (LC) layer arranged such that the waveplate lens has birefringence (?n) that varies in a radially outward direction from a central region of the first waveplate lens and configured to diffract the outcoupled light at a diffraction efficiency greater than 90% within a wavelength range including at least 450 nm to 630 nm. The broadband adaptive lens assembly is configured to be selectively switched between a plurality of states having different optical powers.

Abstract: A display panel includes a first display substrate, a second display substrate facing and spaced apart from the first display substrate, a non-conductive sealing member disposed between the first display substrate and the second display substrate and formed around an outer perimeter of the display panel, a conductive sealing member disposed inside the non-conductive sealing member when viewed in a plan view, and a connection pad coupled to a side surface of the first display substrate and a side surface of the non-conductive sealing member. A signal line includes an end portion overlapping with the non-conductive sealing member and connected to the connection pad.

Abstract: A display device and a display method are provided. The display device includes a plurality of transparent display units configured to emit imaging light along a same direction and arranged in sequence with spaces therebetween along a light-emitting direction of the imaging light; and a layer-by-layer scan circuit configured to respectively input a plurality of depth images of a same three-dimensional (3D) image into corresponding transparent display units in the plurality of transparent display units, wherein, the plurality of depth images have different depth ranges; and upon each transparent display unit displaying the inputted depth image, the layer-by-layer scan circuit is configured to control transparent display units on a display side of the each transparent display unit to be in a transparent state.

Abstract: A display screen, a display device and a display method are provided. The display screen includes: a display panel and a dye liquid crystal cell. The dye liquid crystal cell is arranged on a side of the display panel, and the dye liquid crystal cell is configured to control an emergent direction of light that has been transmitted through the dye liquid crystal cell under the influence of an electric field.

Abstract: A hyper-entanglement photon server (i.e., hub) employs non-degenerate frequencies input as entangled photon pairs into a beam splitter. The beam splitter splits probability amplitudes into two sets of bunched superposition states plus two sets of anti-bunched superposition states. The amplitudes pass through identical Lyot filters and then either enter a polarization beam splitter, where the bunched and anti-bunched states switch identities, or merely advance unchanged to awaiting users at two distinct and spatially-displaced positions (i.e., spokes). The Lyot filters change the output amplitudes from rotationally invariant superpositions of generalized Bell States to rotationally non-invariant superpositions of generalized Bell states. All hubs and spokes pre-share operating key material (a security method called KCQ) that may be continually updated by shared stream ciphers seeded by fresh key material engendered by hub-to-spoke quantum communication.

Abstract: A data transmission system for a display device, which is an mBnB encoding system encoding a signal of m (m is a natural number) bits into a signal of n (n is a natural number and n>m) bits on the basis of a certain translation table to be transmitted thereafter, the system including: an output driver of outputting a gray scale voltage in accordance with the data decoded at a receiver side, in which in the translation table, a bit pattern with a larger data change index from among 2n pieces of bit patterns of the n bits of the data is assigned to a bit pattern with a larger amplitude of the gray scale voltage from among 2m pieces of bit patterns of the m bits of the data.

Abstract: There is provided a reflective liquid crystal display device including a first liquid crystal panel containing a first liquid crystal material that reflects light of a first color, a second liquid crystal panel containing a second liquid crystal material that reflects light of a second color and a third liquid crystal material that reflects light of a third color, the second and third liquid crystal materials positioned to be distinct from each other, and a light absorption layer that is bonded to a lower surface of the second liquid crystal panel, wherein the second liquid crystal panel is bonded to a lower surface of the first liquid crystal panel, and the first to third liquid crystal materials reflect light in a planar state and transmit light in a focal conic state.

Abstract: A display device includes a first electrode layer, a color switching layer which is disposed on the first electrode layer, a second electrode layer which is disposed on the color switching layer and a color filter layer which is disposed on the second electrode layer. The color switching layer includes a first color cell, which transmits incident light or changes incident light to a first color light, a second color cell, which transmits incident light or changes incident light to a second color light and a third color cell, which transmits incident light or changes incident light to a third color light. The color filter layer includes a first filter which transmits a cyan light, a second filter which transmits a magenta light and a third filter which transmits a yellow light.

Abstract: A liquid crystal display includes a plurality of gate lines having odd-numbered gate lines and even-numbered gate lines, a plurality of source lines, a first gate driver which drives the odd-numbered gate lines, a second gate driver which drives the even-numbered gate lines and a driving controller which outputs an overdriven image signal in at least one driving period of a plurality of driving periods and outputs a normal image signal in remaining driving periods of the plurality of driving periods. The overdriven image signal is obtained by adding an overdrive voltage to the normal image signal, and the overdrive voltage is set according to a level of the normal image signal.

Abstract: A liquid crystal display device including: a liquid crystal display element that includes a liquid crystal layer, and an upper substrate and a lower substrate opposed to each other via the liquid crystal layer, a plurality of liquid crystal display elements being stacked; wherein a condensing direction of a reflected light by directional control in at least one of the liquid crystal display elements is different from a condensing direction of a reflected light by directional control in at least one of another liquid crystal display elements.

Abstract: An electro-optical device includes a light-emitting layer provided with a white light-emitting element; and a reflective filter layer that is located at one side of the light-emitting layer and is provided with a reflective color filter.

Abstract: A liquid crystal display device (100) according to the present invention has a pixel (P), which includes red, green, blue and yellow subpixels (R, G, B and Y). The chromaticity of the yellow subpixel (Y) is outside of a triangle that is defined by connecting together the respective chromaticities of the red, green and blue subpixels (R, G and B). And the respective aperture areas SR, SG, SB and SY of the red, green, blue, and yellow subpixels (R, G, B and Y) and the respective transmittances TR, TG, TB and TY of their associated red, green, blue, and yellow color filters (CR, CG, CB and CY) satisfy the inequality TY>[(SR+SG+SB+SY)(TR+TG+TB)?3(SR×TR+SG×TG+SB×TB)]/3SY.

Abstract: A projector includes: a lighting device that emits light of a plurality of different colors; a plurality of liquid crystal light valves that modulate the light of a plurality of colors; a color synthesizing optical system that synthesizes the color light modulated by the plurality of liquid crystal light valves; and a projection optical system that projects the light synthesized by the color synthesizing optical system to a projection target face. A cell thickness of one liquid crystal light valve modulating light of one color of the plurality of liquid crystal light valves is smaller than a cell thickness of the other liquid crystal light valves modulating the light of other colors, and an alignment state of liquid crystal at the time of applying the maximum gradation voltage is substantially the same in one liquid crystal light value and the other liquid crystal light valve.

Abstract: A liquid crystal display device and a method for driving the same are provided. The liquid crystal display device includes a first liquid crystal layer selectively driven by a first electric field in a first direction; and a second liquid crystal layer selectively driven a second electric field in a second direction, the second direction being different from the first direction.

Abstract: The invention is directed to a higher contrast in a display device having a lighting device as a front light. A lighting portion is attached to a reflective liquid crystal display portion. A first transparent substrate and a second transparent substrate made of a glass substrate etc. are attached to each other with a sealing layer coated on those peripheral portions therebetween. The back surface of the first transparent substrate is attached to the reflective liquid crystal display portion, and an organic EL element is formed on the front surface of the first transparent substrate. The organic EL element is sealed in a space surrounded by the first transparent substrate, the second transparent substrate, and the sealing layer. The organic EL element is formed in a region corresponding to a pixel region of the reflective liquid crystal display portion. A desiccant layer is formed on the front surface of the second transparent substrate.

Abstract: A liquid crystal display element includes a liquid crystal composition sandwiched between substrates, wherein at least two types of liquid crystal compositions which exhibit liquid crystal phase in different temperature ranges are contained within each one pixel, and each of the at least two types of liquid crystal compositions is sealed and isolated within each pixel.

Abstract: A multi-domain vertical alignment liquid crystal display and a lower substrate thereof are disclosed. The voltage provided by coupling electrode lines is swung between a high voltage level and a low voltage level. Therefore, with different coupling of a large pixel electrode and of a small pixel electrode that both receive the same color displaying data, the voltage on the large pixel electrode is different from that on the small pixel electrode. The tilt angle of the liquid crystal between the large pixel electrode and the upper electrode is different from the tilt angle of the liquid crystal between the small pixel electrode and the upper electrode for compensating the gamma value of the color. Besides, through adjusting the value of the voltage respectively on the coupling electrode lines to compensate the gamma values of different colors and the gamma values of different colors will tend to be uniform.

Abstract: A display element comprises: a pair of substrates disposed opposite to each other; a liquid crystal enclosed between the pair of substrates; a wall structure which is formed to surround a pixel region and which is in contact with both of the pair of substrates; and an opening section which is an opening provided in a part of the wall structure to allow the liquid crustal to flow out of the pixel region.

Abstract: An optical recording display medium comprises: a display layer whose display changes according to an applied voltage; a photoconductive layer that is provided opposing the display layer and changes a voltage applied to the display layer according to irradiated light; and a selective transmission layer that is provided on a light path to where light irradiated toward the photoconductive layer arrives at the photoconductive layer, and whose transmissivity with respect to the irradiated light increases as an intensity of the irradiated light increases.

Abstract: Each picture element includes first and second sub-picture elements, each of which includes a liquid crystal capacitor and at least one storage capacitor. After a display voltage representing a certain grayscale level has been applied to the respective sub-picture element electrodes of the first and second sub-picture elements, a voltage difference ?V? is produced between voltages to be applied to the respective liquid crystal capacitors of the first and second sub-picture elements by way of their associated storage capacitor(s). By setting the voltage difference ?V? value of the blue and/or cyan picture element(s) to be smaller than that of the other color picture elements, shift toward the yellow range at an oblique viewing angle can be minimized.

Abstract: With the objective of achieving increased luminous efficiency while suppressing a rise in discharge voltage in a high-definition PDP, a PDP is configured with ribs at intervals between a front plate and a back plate, the ribs partitioning a gap between the front plate and the back plate into spaces. Each space constitutes a discharge cell. A minimum width of a discharge space in the discharge cell is in a range from 65 ?m to 100 ?m at a position adjacent to a pair of discharge electrodes. A ternary discharge gas of xenon, neon, and helium is enclosed in the discharge space. The partial pressure ratio of xenon in the discharge gas is in a range of 15% to 25%, and the partial pressure ratio of helium is in a range of 20% to 50%. The total pressure of the discharge gas is set between 60 kPa and 70 kPa.

Abstract: A multi-domain vertical alignment liquid crystal display and a lower substrate thereof are disclosed. The voltage provided by coupling electrode lines is swung between a high voltage level and a low voltage level. Therefore, with different coupling of a large pixel electrode and of a small pixel electrode that both receive the same color displaying data, the voltage on the large pixel electrode is different from that on the small pixel electrode. The tilt angle of the liquid crystal between the large pixel electrode and the upper electrode is different from the tilt angle of the liquid crystal between the small pixel electrode and the upper electrode for compensating the gamma value of the color. Besides, through adjusting the value of the voltage respectively on the coupling electrode lines to compensate the gamma values of different colors and the gamma values of different colors will tend to be uniform.

Abstract: There are provided a viewing angle control device that can provide a pure black display without coloring and have a significantly improved shielding ability in the narrow viewing angle state, and a display using the viewing angle control device. To adjust the VT (voltage-transmittance) characteristics of a viewing angle control liquid crystal panel (2) that switches a viewing angle between a wide viewing angle state and a narrow viewing angle state by using birefringence of liquid crystal, translucent electrode films (205r, 205g, 206b), to which alternating-current voltages with different frequencies are applied, are provided on a portion of at least one of a pair of translucent substrates (201, 202) sandwiching the liquid crystal, the portion corresponding to at least one color of a picture element of a display liquid crystal panel (1), so that the voltage-transmittance characteristics of the liquid crystal are adjusted.

Abstract: A liquid crystal display device has a first substrate, a second substrate facing the first substrate, and a liquid crystal layer disposed between the first and the second substrates. The first substrate includes a plurality of pixels, each of which includes a thin film transistor and a pixel electrode. The second substrate includes a color filter facing a pixel electrode of one of the pixels, and a black matrix formed on a region except the color filter. The black matrix has an opening that exposes a portion of one of the gate electrodes. External light entering the opening is reflected from the gate electrode.

Abstract: A multi-domain vertical alignment liquid crystal display that does not require physical features on the substrate (such as protrusions and ITO slits) is disclosed. Each pixel of the MVA LCD is subdivided into color components, which are further divided into color dots. Each pixel also contains extra-planar fringe field amplifiers that separate the color dots of a pixel. The voltage polarity of the color dots and extra-planar fringe field amplifiers are arranged so that fringe fields in each color dot causes multiple liquid crystal domains in each color dot. Specifically, the color dots and fringe field amplifying regions of the display are arranged so that neighboring polarized elements have opposite polarities.

Abstract: An optical element is arranged in such a manner that a screen thereof can be hardly observed from a predetermined direction, and a deterioration of an image quality caused by moire does not occur. The optical element is constituted by a first polarizing layer, a second polarizing layer, and a liquid crystal layer arranged between these two polarizing layers. In the optical element, absorption axes of the first polarizing layer and the second polarizing layer are located parallel to each other; the liquid crystal layer is made of hybrid-aligned discotic liquid crystal; and an alignment axis of the liquid crystal layer is located parallel to, or perpendicular to both absorption axes of the first polarizing layer and of the second polarizing layer.

Abstract: There is provided a liquid crystal display for minimizing power consumption. The liquid crystal display includes transmission regions formed in a liquid crystal panel in units of horizontal lines, reflection regions positioned between the transmission regions, first sub pixels formed in the transmission regions, and second sub pixels formed in the reflection regions. A total number of the second sub pixels is smaller than a total number of the first sub pixels.

Abstract: A liquid crystal display element includes: a first liquid crystal layer including a first liquid crystal, a second liquid crystal and a first electrode; and a second liquid crystal layer including a third liquid crystal, a fourth liquid crystal and a second electrode and laminated with the first liquid crystal layer, wherein the first liquid crystal reflects light in a first wavelength band, the second liquid crystal reflects light in a second wavelength band being different from the first wavelength band and has a threshold voltage for driving being different from that of the first liquid crystal, the third liquid crystal reflects light in the second wavelength band, and the fourth liquid crystal reflects light in a third wavelength band being different from the first wavelength band and the second wavelength band and has a threshold voltage for driving being different from that of the third liquid crystal.

Abstract: An array substrate for a liquid crystal display device includes a substrate, a gate line over the substrate, a data line crossing the gate line to define a pixel region and including a transparent conductive layer and an opaque conductive layer, a data pad at one end of the data line and including a transparent conductive layer, a thin film transistor connected to the gate line and the data line and including a gate electrode, an active layer, an ohmic contact layer, a buffer metallic layer, a source electrode and a drain electrode, and a pixel electrode in the pixel region and connected to the thin film transistor, the pixel electrode including a transparent conductive layer.

Abstract: A flexible LCD device is provided, including a flexible substrate having a first side and a second side, wherein the first side is perpendicular to the second side. A first electrode is disposed over the flexible substrate, extending along a first direction, wherein the first direction is not perpendicular to the first side and the second side of the flexible substrate. A first liquid crystal layer is disposed over the first electrode. A colored layer is disposed over the first liquid crystal layer. A second electrode is disposed over the colored layer, extending along a second direction, wherein the second direction is different from the first direction and is not perpendicular to the first side and the second side of the flexible substrate and the second direction is interlaced with the first direction.

Abstract: An optical recording display medium comprises: a display layer whose display changes according to an applied voltage; a photoconductive layer that is provided opposing the display layer and changes a voltage applied to the display layer according to irradiated light; and a selective transmission layer that is provided on a light path to where light irradiated toward the photoconductive layer arrives at the photoconductive layer, and whose transmissivity with respect to the irradiated light increases as an intensity of the irradiated light increases.

Abstract: The present invention provides an optical film with functions of light collimating, light polarization for brightness enhancement and limiting viewing angle and a method for preparing the same. The optical film includes a plurality of layers of a cholesteric liquid crystal film bound together via an optical adhesive and a quarter-wavelength retardation plate bound with the cholesteric liquid crystal film via the optical adhesive. Therein, at least one layer of the cholesteric liquid crystal film has a polarized separated wavelength range covering the wavelength range of visible light of three primary colors of red, green and blue.

Abstract: The present invention prevents a displayed three-dimensional stereoscopic image from being darkened in a three-dimensional display device of a DFD type. The present invention provides a three-dimensional display device in which at least one of a plurality of display panels is formed of a display panel having pixels each of which includes color filters having the higher transmissivity than color filters (basic color filters) which express colors of an image or transparent windows.

Abstract: There are provided a viewing angle control device that can provide a black display without coloring and achieve a significantly improved shielding ability during a narrow viewing angle state, and a display using the same. In order to adjust VT (voltage-transmittance) characteristics of a viewing angle control liquid crystal panel (2) that switches a viewing angle between a wide viewing angle state and a narrow viewing angle state by using birefringence of liquid crystal, the viewing angle control liquid crystal panel (2) includes a translucent dielectric film (206g, 206r) for adjusting the voltage-transmittance characteristics of the liquid crystal at a position corresponding to a picture element of at least one color in a display liquid crystal panel (1) on at least one of a pair of translucent substrates (201, 202) that sandwich the liquid crystal therebetween.

Abstract: A display is provided for switching between a narrow or private viewing mode and a wide or public viewing mode. The display comprises a display device which is controlled to provide display of a desired image or sequence of images. This is associated with a liquid crystal device having at least one liquid crystal layer whose molecules are switchable between a first state providing a first angular viewing range and a second state providing a second angular viewing range which is within and smaller than the first angular viewing range. With the molecules in the second state, the device at least partially blocks light propagating towards part of the first angular viewing range outside the second angular viewing range. The or each liquid crystal layer is in contact with at least one alignment surface, the or each of which comprises a uniform non-patterned alignment surface.

Abstract: A display device includes a first switching layer switchable between a first color state and a translucent state, a second switching layer switchable between a second color state and a translucent state, a third switching layer switchable between a third color state and a translucent state, a first colored layer,a second colored layer, a third colored layer, and an intermediate layer provided between the first switching layer and the first colored layer. Mixing colors in the first color state, the second color state and the third color state produces achromatic color.

Abstract: The invention is directed to a higher contrast in a display device having a lighting device as a front light. A lighting portion is attached to a reflective liquid crystal display portion. A first transparent substrate and a second transparent substrate made of a glass substrate etc. are attached to each other with a sealing layer coated on those peripheral portions therebetween. The back surface of the first transparent substrate is attached to the reflective liquid crystal display portion, and an organic EL element is formed on the front surface of the first transparent substrate. The organic EL element is sealed in a space surrounded by the first transparent substrate, the second transparent substrate, and the sealing layer. The organic EL element is formed in a region corresponding to a pixel region of the reflective liquid crystal display portion. A desiccant layer is formed on the front surface of the second transparent substrate.

Abstract: An image display device which comprises an image display panel, in which particles or liquid powders as image display media are sealed in cells formed in an isolated manner from one another by partition walls between two opposed substrates, at least one of two substrates being transparent, and, in which the particles or the liquid powders, to which an electrostatic field is applied, are made to move so as to display an image, is characterized in that: (1) the partition walls are manufactured by a photolithography method, and a shape of the partition wall is a taper shape such that a width of an end portion at a side of a rear substrate is larger than that at a side of a front substrate; (3-1) a plurality of cells are arranged in such a manner that they do not correspond one for one to the positions of pixels for displaying the image; (3-2) a ratio of cell area/pixel area is formed to be smaller than 4; and (2) the image display panel is manufactured by: forming a first layer made of photosensitive color compo

Abstract: An LCD device includes: an LCD panel having at least one pixel that includes a first colored sub pixel and a white second sub pixel; and a liquid crystal alignment control means to control contrast in the LCD panel, wherein liquid crystal molecules of the second white sub pixel are aligned between 0° and 6° with respect to an absorption axis of at least one polarizing sheet by the liquid crystal alignment control means.

Abstract: A liquid crystal display device including a polarizing plate, a pair of substrates at least one of which is transparent, a pair of electrodes, and a nematic liquid crystal. The crystal is filled between the substrates, is aligned to be substantially perpendicular to the substrates when applying a voltage not higher than a threshold value between the electrodes, has negative dielectric constant anisotropy, and undergoes a change in tilt angle of alignment with respect to the substrates in accordance with applied voltage when applying a voltage not lower than a threshold value between the electrodes. The device has a voltage range in which the rate of change in retardation level with respect to temperature is substantially zero, and displays red or purple when voltage is applied at the maximum voltage value in the voltage range. According thereto, changes in color tone depending on temperature are restrained.

Abstract: A liquid crystal display device includes a display panel and a viewing angle control panel. The viewing angle control panel includes a pair of substrates, a liquid crystal layer interposed between the pair of substrates, and a pair of electrodes for applying an electric field to the liquid crystal layer. The liquid crystal layer is composed from hybrid-aligned liquid crystal molecules. The viewing angle of the display panel is controlled by changing an alignment state of the hybrid-aligned liquid crystal molecules in the liquid crystal layer by voltage applied by the electrodes.

Abstract: A device composed of: (a) a first liquid crystal composition including a first liquid crystal and a first liquid crystal domain stabilizing compound, wherein the first liquid crystal composition switches between a strongly scattering state of a first plurality of smaller liquid crystal domains that strongly scatters a predetermined light and a weakly scattering state of a second plurality of larger liquid crystal domains that weakly scatters the predetermined light; and (b) a second liquid crystal composition including a second liquid crystal and a second liquid crystal domain stabilizing compound, wherein the second liquid crystal composition switches between a strongly scattering state of a first plurality of smaller liquid crystal domains that strongly scatters the predetermined light and a weakly scattering state of a second plurality of larger liquid crystal domains that weakly scatters the predetermined light, wherein the second liquid crystal composition and the first liquid crystal composition are in

Abstract: A subtractive display device comprising picture elements having sub-pixels, each sub-pixel comprising a stack of switchable layers (5,25) or components and a color filter part (21).

Abstract: A method of coloring a plurality of cells using a predetermined fill-color, the cells occupying a region in a grid of cells thereby defining a plurality of region-cells, the method comprising: (a) dividing the grid into a plurality of elementary-regions, each comprising at least one cell; (b) visiting one elementary-region at a time and determining, for each cell of the elementary-region, whether the cell is a region-cell; (c) writing color data in at least one region-cell of each elementary-region using a color selected from a color-space so as to store information in the elementary-region, the information directing a backtracking path in the region, thereby providing a mapped elementary-region; and (d) using the information for visiting all the mapped elementary-regions along the backtracking path and for writing color data using the fill-color in each region-cell of each of the mapped elementary-region along the backtracking path; thereby coloring all the region-cells by the fill-color.

Abstract: A liquid crystal display device includes a lower substrate, an upper substrate facing the lower substrate, a common electrode and a plurality of data electrodes on the lower substrate to generate an In-Plane switching mode electric field parallel to the lower and upper substrates, and a liquid crystal layer having a helical alignment between the lower and upper substrates.

Abstract: An electro-optical device is provided comprising an electro-optical material and means for applying an electric field to the electro-optical material, in which a plurality of pixel regions DR, DG and DB capable of separately controlling optical states of the electro-optical material are arranged and each pixel region is provided with a light transmitting portion (an aperture portion (212aR, 212aG, and 212aB)) and a light reflecting portion (a reflective surface (212R, 212G, and 212B)). At adjacent pixel regions that are arranged in a predetermined direction, end edges Ea and Eb of each of the light transmitting portions orthogonal to the predetermined arrangement direction are aligned with each other.

Abstract: A liquid crystal switchable color filter switches between three color bands and is preferably used for time-sequential devices, such as projection devices, direct view displays and video cameras. The color filter may employ circularly polarizing selective reflection bands of at least four cholesteric filters together with three liquid crystal switches and related retarder layers. In one embodiment, the handedness of the second cholesteric is equal to the handedness of the third cholesteric filter and opposite to the handedness of the first and fourth cholesteric filter and, for the blocking state of a color band, the optic axis of the corresponding liquid crystal switch is parallel or perpendicular to the polarization direction. This concept leads to improved, excellent color saturation and requires less stringent production tolerances than in the prior art. Moreover, it advantageously allows overlapping color transmission bands thus improving the light efficiency.

Abstract: A liquid crystal element including a liquid crystal cell that has transparent substrates having electrodes and a liquid crystal layer sandwiched between the substrates, the liquid crystal cell having a retardation value for a linearly polarized light having a wavelength of ? incident and transmitting through the liquid crystal cell, the retardation value changing from R1 to R2 (R1>R2>0) when a first voltage V1 applied between the electrodes is changed to a second voltage V2 (V1?V2). The liquid crystal element also includes a phase plate having a retardation value R for a linearly polarized light having the wavelength of ?, the retardation value R satisfying a relation R+Rv=m×? (m: integer) with a retardation value Rv generated by a third voltage satisfying R1?Rv?R2.

Abstract: The present invention concerns a method for manufacturing a plurality of multi-layered cells, particularly liquid crystal display cells, or electrochemical photovoltaic cells, or a combination of such cells, each cell including at least two superposed sealed cavities each delimited by a sealing frame and filled with a liquid, this method comprising the step of collectively manufacturing a batch of cells including at least three plates common to all the display cells and connected to each other by patterns of sealing material connecting said plates to each other and forming the sealing frames which delimit the cavities of said cells, this method being characterised in that filling holes are pierced through the plates such that each of the cavities of a cell is fed by a different filling hole, each of the filling holes being in communication with at least two cells and feeding the cavities of the same level, i.e.

Abstract: There are provided at least two liquid crystal panels 10, 20 including the liquid crystals developing a memory effect, the liquid crystal developing a memory effect on a side opposite to a viewer side has a selective reflection wavelength set at 615-665 nm, the liquid crystal developing a memory effect on the viewer side has a selective reflection wavelength set at 490-540 nm, and a color filter having a certain transmission property is provided between the liquid crystal developing a memory effect on the viewer side and the liquid crystal developing a memory effect on the side opposite to the viewer side.