Abstract: A switchable light transmission module is disclosed that includes a substrate having a first surface defining at least part of an enclosed volume, a porous layer disposed on the first surface and in fluid communication with the enclosed volume, and a reservoir in fluid communication with the enclosed volume. The reservoir is configured to supply a fluid to the sealed volume such that the fluid contacts the porous layer. The fluid has a refractive index that is close to the refractive index of the porous layer, has a high wettability for the porous layer, and does not dissolve the porous layer. When in a dry state, voids in the porous layer are filled with air which has a much different refractive index than the porous layer itself, resulting in a surface that is reflective and not very transmissive.

Abstract: A polarizer of the present disclosure includes a light control layer which includes a plurality of partitions, a transmissive unit which is provided between the partitions and includes a scattering unit thereabove, and a liquid crystal layer disposed above the partitions and the transmissive unit; and a polarizing layer bonded to the light control layer. According to the present disclosure, a structure which restricts a viewing angle is disposed below a polarizer so that information is exposed only to the user, thereby implementing a narrow viewing angle.

Abstract: A display apparatus includes a backlight unit generating light and a display substrate displaying an image using the light. The display substrate includes a substrate, a first electrode, a light blocking layer, a thin film transistor, a second electrode, a liquid crystal and a color filter. The substrate includes a pixel area and a non-pixel area, the first electrode is in the pixel area, and the light blocking layer is in the non-pixel area to block the light. The thin film transistor is on the light blocking layer and electrically connected to the first electrode. The second electrode faces the first electrode, and a cavity is defined therebetween. The liquid crystal is in the cavity, the color filter is on the second electrode, and the color filter is closer to the backlight unit than the substrate.

Abstract: The present invention provides a method for termination detection of optical alignment of liquid crystal material, which includes: under influence of electrical field, irradiating light on liquid crystal material so that reactive monomers in liquid crystal material polymerizing; detecting a residual amount or a thickness change value of the reactive monomers in liquid crystal material to determine detected residual amount of reactive monomers or thickness change value in liquid crystal box reaching a default value; when reaching default value, terminating optical alignment of liquid crystal material. The present invention also provides a device for termination detection of optical alignment of liquid crystal material. Through detecting termination of optical alignment, the present invention realizes automatic control of irradiation time in optical alignment to reduce the effect of individual glass substrate variation on optical alignment to avoid affecting reaction process of alignment on reactive monomer.

Abstract: A display apparatus includes a base substrate, a pixel electrode, a plurality of capsular structures, a common electrode and a plurality of color filters. The base substrate includes a plurality of unit pixel regions. Each of the unit pixel regions has a plurality of sub pixel regions. A pixel electrode is formed in each of the sub pixel regions. A plurality of capsular structures is disposed on the base substrate. Each of the capsular structures is formed in each of the unit pixel regions and having a cavity. A common electrode is formed on the capsular structures. A plurality of color filters is formed on the capsular structures. Each of the color filters is formed in each of the sub pixel regions. An opening ratio of the sub pixel regions and light transmittance are relatively high.

Abstract: A display device may be constructed with a first substrate having a first electrode and a second electrode, a second substrate formed on the first substrate and facing the first substrate, and a liquid crystal layer interposed between the first substrate and the second substrate. The liquid crystal layer may be constructed with a polymer-stabilized liquid crystal (PSLC), and a size of domains of the PSLC is 200 nm or less.

Abstract: A polymer-dispersed liquid crystal system has a continuous polymer structure having defined therein a plurality of discrete bodies of liquid crystal material. The bodies of liquid crystal material exhibit a polydomain operating state in which the liquid crystal material within each body is arranged in multiple domains, each domain being defined by a quantity of liquid crystal material whose molecules have a substantially common identifiable alignment in at least one axis, wherein the resolved alignments of neighboring domains diverge substantially from one another and are stable over time.

Abstract: A liquid crystal-containing composition includes a cholesteric liquid crystal and a microcapsule wall that encapsulates the cholesteric liquid crystal, the microcapsule wall includes at least one material selected from polyurethane and polyurea, and the content of the microcapsule wall with respect to 100 parts by weight of the cholesteric liquid crystal is from about 0.1 parts to about 11 parts by weight.

Abstract: A light-modulating material includes a transparent front surface layer, an intermediate layer including a liquid crystal forming an isotropic phase and a transparent back surface layer, laminated in this order.

Abstract: There is provided a glass substrate for a display device, a liquid crystal display panel, and a liquid crystal display device capable of eliminating the display unevenness of a display panel having undergone the cell assembly and eliminating the need for a post-process or simplifying the post-process. A liquid crystal panel 30 includes two pieces of glass 10 and 32 opposed to each other; a liquid crystal layer 34 injected between the two plates of the glass 10 and 32; and spherical spacers 33a and 33b arranged so as to abut on the respective surfaces of the two pieces of glass 10 and 32. The glass 10 is 1.1 mm in thickness, wherein if a period D of a filtered waviness curve over a spatial frequency range of 2 to 500 lines/mm based on spectral analysis is greater than 20 mm under the measurement condition of a cut-off value of 0.8 to 8 mm, then an amplitude A of the filtered waviness curve is 2 ?m or less, and the amplitude A, when the period D is 20 mm or less, is 18 nm or greater.

Abstract: A liquid crystal-containing composition and a liquid crystal display device including the same, the liquid crystal-containing composition including a cholesteric liquid crystal and microcapsules containing the cholesteric liquid crystal, and having a wall component comprising at least one selected from the group consisting of polyurethane and polyurea, the wall component further including a first isocyanurate component having a cyclo ring structure and a second isocyanate component other than the first isocyanurate component.

Abstract: Bi-stable electrophoretic display device (1) having a normal mode and a scrolling mode, in which image transitions are effected by causing the charged particles (8,9) to toggle between the intermediate optical states (e.g. grey-to-grey) or between an extreme optical state and an intermediate optical state (e.g. white-to-light grey), with a corresponding short update time tscroll. When the device (1) enters a scrolling mode in response to a scrolling command from a user, picture elements are first driven to a special scrolling optical. state, after which drive waveforms for scrolling mode are used for fast toggling between two scrolling states. An increased scrolling speed and very short scrolling time can be realized, without adversely affecting image quality during a normal mode.

Abstract: It is an object of the present invention to improve deterioration of display performance in a liquid crystal display device, especially to obtain rapid response with the alignment of a liquid crystal maintained. According to one feature of the present invention, a liquid crystal display device comprises a pair of substrates where an electrode is formed in one side of each substrate; liquid crystals; and a ferroelectric, wherein the pair of substrates is disposed so that the electrodes oppose to each other, wherein the liquid crystal is sandwiched between the pair of substrates, wherein the ferroelectric includes an organic material and wherein the ferroelectric particles are dispersed in the liquid crystal.

Abstract: A display device includes a first substrate, a second substrate, and microcapsules sandwiched between the first substrate and the second substrate, the microcapsules constituting a display area, the microcapsules encapsulating a display material whose optical properties change in response to electrical stimulation. A conductive material for conducting between the substrates is provided between the first substrate and the second substrate to constitute a vertically conducting portion. The thickness of the conductive material is set such that the distance between the first substrate and the second substrate at the vertically conducting portion is larger than the distance between the first substrate and the second substrate in the display area.

Abstract: It is an object of the present invention to suppress light leakage in a dark state which is generated by rubbing treatment. A liquid crystal material containing an ultraviolet curable liquid crystalline monomer at a concentration of more than 0 wt % and not more than 1.0 wt % is used for a liquid crystal layer, and the liquid crystal layer is irradiated with ultraviolet rays. By applying such a liquid crystal layer to a liquid crystal display device, light leakage in a dark state can be suppressed, and the black display can be improved. Therefore, a liquid crystal display device with an excellent contrast and high display quality can be obtained.

Abstract: A display device includes a first substrate, a second substrate, and microcapsules sandwiched between the first substrate and the second substrate, the microcapsules constituting a display area, the microcapsules encapsulating a display material whose optical properties change in response to electrical stimulation. A conductive material for conducting between the substrates is provided between the first substrate and the second substrate to constitute a vertically conducting portion. The thickness of the conductive material is set such that the distance between the first substrate and the second substrate at the vertically conducting portion is larger than the distance between the first substrate and the second substrate in the display area.

Abstract: Discloses is a rewritable thin image display sheet, an image display apparatus and an image display system. In the image display system, a low-melting-point wax 18 with a magnetic powder 16 dispersed therein is held between a heat-generation layer 12 and a transparent layer 14 which are disposed spaced apart from one another, and a zone of the low-melting-point wax 18 corresponding to a pixel for image display is selectively heated and molted by the heat-generation layer 12. Then, the magnetic powder 16 in the molten zone is displaced toward the transparent layer 14 so as to display a given image on the transparent layer. The rewritable thin image display sheet, the image display apparatus and the image display system can reliably display an image in a rewritable state while achieving a significantly simplified structure.

Abstract: Liquid crystal displays and fabrication methods thereof. The liquid crystal display comprises a first substrate with an active matrix of a plurality of pixels. A second substrate is provided opposing the first substrate. A liquid crystal layer is interposed between the first substrate and the second substrate. Each pixel comprises a polymer dispersed liquid crystal layer corresponding to a first liquid crystal region and a non-polymer dispersed liquid crystal layer corresponding to a second liquid crystal region.

Abstract: The present invention replaces liquid crystal light control elements in fiber-optic faceplate liquid crystal displays (LCD) with suspended particle devices (SPDs), and provides for passive light control without the need for either polarized light or special alignment layers. A fluid or film containing suspended particles may be asymmetric in shape so that their optical density depends strongly upon their orientation. The orientation of the particles within the fluid can be manipulated by an application of an electric field, so that the fluid or film may appear to be transparent to both polarizations of light when the electric field is applied, and opaque when the electric field is removed and the orientation of the particles is allowed to randomize naturally.

Abstract: A tunable Fabry-Perot filter, which includes a pair of opposed partially reflective surfaces, a cavity between the partially reflective surfaces, a nano-dispersion of liquid crystals disposed in the cavity, and a control unit for applying an electric field to the liquid crystals.

Abstract: A color display device based on dielectrophoresis is described. The device includes a dielectrophoretic mixture comprising semi-insulating particles of each of the subtractive primary colors cyan (32), magenta (34) and yellow (36) in a semi-insulating liquid (24). The dielectrophoretic frequency characteristics of the particles are the same or similar for particles of the same color but different between the three colors. In particular, the transition frequency (f0) is different for each color, or two colors may have the same transition frequency (f0) if one has a reversed sense dielectrophoretic frequency characteristic. Also the speeds of the particles are the same for particles of the same color but different between the three colors. The pixels are driven with alternating voltages of different frequencies (f1, f2, f3, f4) and duration determined such that different proportions of the different colors of particles are moved, dependent upon their transition frequencies and speeds.

Abstract: To reduce inconsistencies in an image to be displayed in a projector. At least one of a polarizer on the side of a light incident surface and a polarizer on the side of a light emitting surface is bonded on a sapphire glass plate. The sapphire glass plate may preferably be formed of single-crystal sapphire. In addition, the sapphire glass plate may preferably be held by a holding frame made of metal. The sapphire glass plate and the holding frame made of metal may preferably be bonded by an adhesive agent having superior heat conductivity.

Abstract: A liquid crystal display device includes cell wall structure and a chiral nematic liquid crystal material. The cell wall structure and the liquid crystal cooperate to form focal conic and twisted planar textures that are stable in the absence of a field. A device applies an electric field to the liquid crystal for transforming at least a portion of the material to at least one of the focal conic and twisted planar textures. The liquid crystal material has a pitch length effective to reflect radiation having a wavelength in both the visible and the infrared ranges of the electromagnetic spectrum at intensity that is sufficient for viewing by an observer. One liquid crystal material may be disposed in a single region or two liquid crystal materials may be used, each in separate regions. One aspect of the invention is directed to a photolithography method for patterning a substrate of the display. The display may also have multicolor capabilities by including at least two materials that reflect visible light.

Abstract: Two optical waveguides comprising a light transmitting medium are disposed close to each other on a substrate, and electrodes are disposed parallel to each other so as to sandwich one optical waveguide. The light transmitting medium is formed by dispersing fine droplets of a liquid crystal in a light transmitting material, such as glass or polymer, the liquid crystal fine droplets having droplet diameters of about one digit smaller (that is, about an order of magnitude smaller) than the wavelength of light. Linearly polarized light having a plane of polarization in a direction parallel to the direction of application of voltage to the optical waveguide, i.e., in the direction of the substrate surface, is fed as input lights into the optical waveguides. Upon application of voltage, the refractive index of one optical waveguide changes, while the refractive index of the other optical waveguide remains unchanged. Hence, the coupling ratio changes, achieving an optical switch.

Abstract: The present invention provides a gel-glass dispersed liquid crystal. The raw material composition of the gel-glass dispersed liquid crystal includes a three functionally substituted silane, two functionally substituted silane, a metal alkoxide and a liquid crystal. At least one of the non-hydrolyzable moieties of the three functionally substituted silane, two functionally substituted silane and metal alkoxide has at least one amino group or a reactive functional group. The refractive index of the oxide of the metal is not less than 1.52. The obtained gel-glass dispersed liquid crystal has good film integrity and flexibility and a low operation voltage.