Abstract: An LCD panel, comprises substrates facing each other, a liquid crystal layer disposed between the substrates and liquid crystal alignment layers, each sandwiched between the liquid crystal layer and a respective one of the substrates, wherein the liquid crystal alignment layers comprises hydrocarbon derivative having perfluorocarbon group.

Abstract: A method for manufacturing LCD panels includes providing upper and lower substrates; interposing a liquid crystal material composed of at least one liquid crystal molecule and at least two photosensitive monomers between the upper and lower substrates, at least one first photosensitive monomer having an absorption peak larger than 300 nm and at least one second photosensitive monomer having an absorption peak smaller than 300 nm; applying a voltage between the upper and lower substrates and irradiating with ultra-violet radiation having a first wavelength larger than 300 nm for a first time interval for polymerizing most first photosensitive monomers to provide an alignment polymer; and separately irradiating with ultra-violet radiation having a second wavelength for a second time interval, the second wavelength being larger than the first wavelength.

Abstract: A blue phase liquid crystal display panel and a fabricating method thereof are provided. A first substrate and a second substrate are provided, and then a blue phase liquid crystal composition is filled between the first substrate and the second substrate, wherein the blue phase liquid crystal composition includes a blue phase liquid crystal and a reactive monomer. Next, an irradiation process is performed to induce a polymerization reaction in the reactive monomer of the blue phase liquid crystal composition, wherein a light utilized in the irradiation process has a wavelength ranged from 200 nm to 350 nm.

Abstract: A method for setting a pre-tilt angle of liquid crystal molecules includes (1) providing liquid crystal material, a CF substrate, and a TFT substrate; (2) arranging the substrates to form a gap therebetween in which the liquid crystal material is filled to form a liquid crystal cell; (3) providing a drive control circuit that generates driving voltages and connecting the drive control circuit to the TFT substrate; (4) providing a small-amplitude oscillation device and an irradiation intensity variable ultraviolet light source and positioning the liquid crystal cell on the oscillation device; (5) activating the oscillation device to cause the liquid crystal cell to make small-amplitude oscillation and conducting on the drive control circuit to supply driving voltages to drive the liquid crystal material, the ultraviolet light source being applied to irradiate the liquid crystal cell with ultraviolet lights of different intensities; and (6) repeating step (5) for at least one time.

Abstract: A resizable polymer-stabilized, thermotropic liquid crystal device formulation is used in passive or active light-regulating and temperature-regulating films, materials and devices, including construction materials. Implementations of the device may be composed of five basic elements: one or more transparent substrates, a transparent surface treatment, a liquid crystal mixture, a stabilizing polymer, and spacer beads. The polymer-stabilized liquid crystal is coated and cured on at least one substrate. The transparent surface treatment and the stabilizing polymer network are selected to provide phase separation, curing, and adhesion within the LC mixture. The substrate or substrates may be polarizing or nonpolarizing.

Abstract: The present invention provides a method for termination detection of optical alignment of liquid crystal material, which includes: under influence of electrical field, irradiating light on liquid crystal material so that reactive monomers in liquid crystal material polymerizing; detecting a residual amount or a thickness change value of the reactive monomers in liquid crystal material to determine detected residual amount of reactive monomers or thickness change value in liquid crystal box reaching a default value; when reaching default value, terminating optical alignment of liquid crystal material. The present invention also provides a device for termination detection of optical alignment of liquid crystal material. Through detecting termination of optical alignment, the present invention realizes automatic control of irradiation time in optical alignment to reduce the effect of individual glass substrate variation on optical alignment to avoid affecting reaction process of alignment on reactive monomer.

Abstract: Linear photo-oriented polymer (LPP) layers are situated to align liquid crystals in a liquid crystal polymer (LCP) layer situated at or on the LPP layers. The LCP layer can include a guest such as a fluorophore that aligns with the liquid crystal so as to emit polarized fluorescence in response to an excitation beam. Layer LPP/LCP structures can be provided as light emitters, patterned polarizers, patterned retarders and other devices based on selection of one or more guest materials included in the LCP and alignable with the liquid crystal.

Abstract: A method of fabricating a liquid crystal display device includes: forming an array substrate and a color filter substrate; forming a seal pattern on one of the array substrate and the color filter substrate; forming a liquid crystal layer in the seal pattern and attaching the array substrate and the color filter substrate; curing the seal pattern with a first ultraviolet (UV) ray emitted from a light emitting diode (LED); and cutting the array substrate and the color filter substrate into unit cells.

Abstract: Provided are phase-separating polymer systems including a cured polymeric liquid crystal matrix phase and a guest phase including at least one photoactive material where the guest phase separates from the matrix phase during the curing process. Optical elements, including ophthalmic elements and other articles of manufacture including the phase-separating polymer systems are also disclosed. Methods of forming a liquid crystal phase-separating photoactive polymer system are also described.

Abstract: A method of making a liquid crystal device is provided, the method comprising (i) providing a cell containing a mixture of a liquid crystal and pre-polymer (ii) applying a stimulus to arrange the liquid crystal in a first predetermined state and (iii) subsequent to, or contemporaneously with, step (ii), causing the pre-polymer to form polymer when the liquid crystal is in a second predetermined state, wherein steps (ii) and (iii) are performed a plurality of times.

Abstract: Method of preparation of surface coating of variable transmittance and an electro-optical layered appliance including the same comprises dispersing of liquid crystal microdroplets in hydrolyzable and polymerizable precursors and applying obtained mixture on a surface by spraying. Applying the material to the surface by spraying is intrinsically related to the synthesis processes because the properties of the surrounding environment (i.e. content of water and acidity, UV radiation) and the chemical reactions that take place during spraying have considerable influence on the properties (i.e. driving voltage, thickness of obtained layer). Obtained layered appliance comprises of a matrix material with dispersed microdroplets of liquid crystal obtained by the described method, electrically conductive transparent electrodes with contacts, a dielectric material, substrate and covering layers.

Abstract: A display device may be constructed with a first substrate having a first electrode and a second electrode, a second substrate formed on the first substrate and facing the first substrate, and a liquid crystal layer interposed between the first substrate and the second substrate. The liquid crystal layer may be constructed with a polymer-stabilized liquid crystal (PSLC), and a size of domains of the PSLC is 200 nm or less.

Abstract: An optical element is provided. The optical element shows excellent durability, hardness property and reworkability. Therefore, the optical element can have a stable light division property since the phase retardation property of the phase retardation layer in the optical element can be stably maintained for a long period of time under severe conditions. Also, it is possible to prevent side effects such as light leakage in an optical instrument to which the optical element is applicable. Also, the optical element can show excellent resistance to external pressure or scratches.

Abstract: A liquid crystal display including two substrates arranged opposite to each other; a liquid crystal sealed between the substrates; and a polymer layer for regulating a pretilt angle of liquid crystal molecules and/or tilt directions at a time of driving. One of the substrates has a color filter layer formed on a side of the one substrate, and a plurality of stripe-like electrode patterns are provided on the color filter layer. The patterns are periodically arranged so that when polymerizable components mixed in the liquid crystal layer are polymerized to form the polymer layer while a voltage is applied to the liquid crystal layer between the electrode patterns and a second electrode on the other substrate, liquid crystal molecules in the liquid crystal layer are aligned in the extending directions of stripe-like electrode patterns.

Abstract: A process for manufacturing a liquid crystal display panel comprises: mixing negative liquid crystals, UV polymerizable monomers, and a photoinitiator to obtain a liquid crystal mixture; sealing the liquid crystal mixture in a liquid crystal cell formed from an array substrate and an opposed substrate to form the liquid crystal display panel; and radiating the liquid crystal display panel using UV light and heating the liquid crystal panel.

Abstract: A method for fabricating a blue phase liquid crystal display is provided. A first substrate is arranged opposite to a second substrate, in which the first and second substrates include a first and a second electrode, respectively. A blue phase liquid crystal layer is sealed between the first substrate and the second substrate, in which the blue phase liquid crystal layer includes a positive blue phase liquid crystal and a monomer. A voltage is applied to the first electrode and the second electrode such that a vertical electric field is formed. The blue phase liquid crystal layer is illuminated with a light source such that the monomer performs polymerization to produce a polymer-stabilized positive blue phase liquid crystal. A blue phase liquid crystal display is also disclosed herein.

Abstract: A liquid crystal display panel including a first substrate, a second substrate, a liquid crystal layer, a scan line, a data line intersects the scan line, an active device, a pixel electrode, an insulating layer covering the pixel electrode, an auxiliary electrode, a shielding electrode, and a first polymer stabilized alignment (PSA) layer is provided. The liquid crystal layer between the first substrate and the second substrate includes liquid crystal molecules and a monomer material. The active device includes three terminals coupled to the scan line, the data line, and the pixel electrode. The auxiliary electrode on the insulating layer is electrically connected to the pixel electrode. The shielding electrode on the insulating layer located at peripheries of the pixel electrode surrounds the auxiliary electrode. The first PSA layer between the first substrate and the liquid crystal layer is polymerized from the monomer material in the liquid crystal layer.

Abstract: A blue phase liquid crystal display panel and a fabricating method thereof are provided. A first substrate and a second substrate are provided, and then a blue phase liquid crystal composition is filled between the first substrate and the second substrate, wherein the blue phase liquid crystal composition includes a blue phase liquid crystal and a reactive monomer. Next, an irradiation process is performed to induce a polymerization reaction in the reactive monomer of the blue phase liquid crystal composition, wherein a light utilized in the irradiation process has a wavelength ranged from 200 nm to 350 nm.

Abstract: A display panel includes a first substrate and a second substrate facing the first substrate. The second substrate includes a first electrode and a second electrode spaced apart from each other. A cholesteric liquid crystal having a pitch shorter than a wavelength of a visible ray and a rotation axis substantially perpendicular to the first and second substrates is disposed between the first and second substrates. The display panel displays a grayscale image in response to an electric field generated between the first and second electrodes. A polymer is added to the cholesteric liquid crystal, and a concentration of the polymer is controlled by exposing the polymer to a light. The concentration of the polymer in an area adjacent to the first substrate may be higher than the concentration of the polymer in an area adjacent to the second substrate.

Abstract: There are provided an optical compensation film including an alignment film whose adhesiveness to a substrate and a liquid crystal layer and alignment property are excellent when a novel substrate is used to solve the problem regarding deteriorated durability being caused when a retardation film including a liquid crystal film is used under a hot and humid environment, and an integrated polarizing plate comprising the same. The O-plate includes a substrate; an alignment film prepared by coating the substrate with a composition for an alignment film that is composed of polyvinyl alcohol, a multifunctional acrylate monomer, a compatibilizing agent, a photo initiator and a solvent, followed by undergoing drying, curing and rubbing processes; and a splay-aligned liquid crystal film formed on the alignment film.

Abstract: Provided are a polymer-dispersed liquid crystal (PDLC) display device and a method of manufacturing the same. The PDLC display device may include a PDLC layer between facing substrates, wherein the PDLC layer has at least two regions including polymers having different concentrations.

Abstract: A reflective polymer dispersed liquid crystal (PDLC) display device may include a plurality of first and second electrodes on the first and second substrates, the first and second substrates separate from each other, a polymer dispersed liquid crystal (PDLC) layer between the plurality of first and second electrodes, the PDLC layer including polymer, liquid crystal, and a chain transfer reagent, and a specular reflection plate on the first substrate.

Abstract: A liquid crystal display panel includes an active component array substrate, a color filter substrate, a pair of alignment films and a liquid crystal layer. The active component array substrate has a first plane. The color filter substrate has a second plane opposite to the first plane. The alignment films are disposed on the first plane and the second plane respectively. The liquid crystal layer is disposed between the alignment films and includes a liquid crystal material, a photo initiator and a first monomer material. The liquid crystal material, the photo initiator and the first monomer material are mixed together. When being irradiated by ultraviolet light, the photo initiator enables the first monomer material to react in a polymerization to form the alignment films.

Abstract: A liquid crystal display device includes a first substrate and a second substrate disposed to face each other, a polymer-dispersed liquid crystal layer provided between the first substrate and the second substrate, and a black matrix provided on the first substrate, where a display region for displaying an image and a frame region around the display region are defined, and in the frame region, the black matrix includes a plurality of light-blocking regions spaced apart from one another.

Abstract: A liquid crystal display including a pair of substrates arranged opposite to each other to form a gap; spaced vertical alignment films formed on the substrate in the gap; a cured material formed on at least one of the alignment films in the gap; and a liquid crystal layer of liquid crystal molecules. The display also includes a pixel electrode formed on one of the substrates in a pixel region and having either a plurality of elongated members arranged with spaces therebetween and connected by a connecting member or a plurality of elongated openings arranged in patterns. Finally, the cured material is at least formed on the vertical alignment films so that an alignment direction of at least the liquid crystal molecules adjacent the alignment films is regulated.

Abstract: A manufacturing method of a liquid crystal display device having a liquid crystal layer between a pair of substrates. The method includes disposing between the pair of substrates a liquid crystal composition including liquid crystal molecules and a polymerizable compound that is polymerizable by active energy rays or a combination of active energy rays and heat, and polymerizing the polymerizable compound by active energy ray irradiation, or by both active energy ray irradiation and heat with and/or without applying voltages to the liquid crystal layer, so that a polymer formed by the polymerizing process decides an alignment of the liquid crystal molecules when no voltage is applied. The amount of active energy ray irradiation is decided so that at least some of the polymerizable compound remains in the liquid crystal layer after the polymerization process. Further the amount of the polymerizable compound that remains is not more than a predetermined value.

Abstract: A liquid crystal display device including a pair of substrates, a liquid crystal layer including liquid crystal molecules disposed between the substrates, an alignment layer disposed above at least one of the substrates, and a polymer disposed on the alignment layer. The device also includes scanning lines and signal lines, a TFT connected to one of the scanning lines and one of the signal lines, and a pixel electrode connected to the TFT and applying driving voltages to the liquid crystal molecules in an area defined by the pixel electrode. The polymer is formed through polymerization of monomers, different from monomers constituting the alignment layer, by active energy ray irradiation, or by both active energy ray irradiation and heat, and is arranged to align the liquid crystal molecules without rubbing so that the liquid crystal molecules in the area form multiple domains when driving voltages are applied from the TFT.

Abstract: A pixel array including a plurality of scan lines, a plurality of data lines, and a plurality of sub-pixels is provided. Each sub-pixel is electrically connected to one of the scan lines and one of the data lines correspondingly. Each sub-pixel arranged in the nth row includes a first switch, a second switch, a first pixel electrode, a second pixel electrode and a third switch. The first switch and the second switch are electrically connected to the nth scan line and the mth data line. The first pixel electrode is electrically connected to the first switch. The second pixel electrode is electrically connected to the second switch and has an opening for accommodating the first pixel electrode. In each sub-pixel, the first pixel electrode is surrounded by the second pixel electrode. In addition, the third switch is electrically connected to the (n+1)th scan line and the second pixel electrode.

Abstract: A phase-type diffraction device includes a substrate having a front surface and a solidified liquid crystal layer formed on the front surface of the substrate and constituted by a continuous film containing at least a liquid crystal compound. The solidified liquid crystal layer is constituted by first, second and third regions arranged periodically, the third region being interposed between the first region and the second region. The first region is optically anisotropic and the second region is optically isotropic, the third region is not optically isotropic, a degree of orientation of mesogens of the liquid crystal compound being lower than that of the first region. An in-plane average refractive index ni of the second region is different from an in-plane average refractive index na of the first region and an in-plane average refractive index nm of the third region is between ni and na.

Abstract: A cholesteric liquid crystal display device includes: a plurality of pixel units arranged two-dimensionally between two transparent substrates. Each of the plurality of pixel units includes a cholesteric liquid crystal layer having a single-layer structure. The cholesteric liquid crystal layer includes: a liquid crystal molecule; a chiral dopant; and an optically polymerizable polymer. The chiral dopant is mixed with the liquid crystal molecule to form a cholesteric phase and has a solubility that varies with respect to the liquid crystal molecule according to temperature. The optically polymerizable polymer is cured to fix a helix pitch of the cholesteric phase.

Abstract: A method of manufacturing a display panel, the method includes forming a display panel including a first substrate, the first substrate including a pixel electrode disposed thereon, a second substrate including a common electrode disposed thereon, and a liquid crystal layer interposed between the first and the second substrates, the liquid crystal layer including a plurality of liquid crystal molecules and a plurality of ultraviolet (“UV”)-curable particles; and curing a portion of the UV-curable particles by irradiating light on the display panel, wherein an exposure voltage, which is greater than a maximum data voltage corresponding to maximum grayscale data of the display panel, is applied between the pixel electrode and the common electrode. Also described is a display panel.

Abstract: A method of manufacturing a display panel, the method includes forming a display panel including a first substrate, the first substrate including a pixel electrode disposed thereon, a second substrate including a common electrode disposed thereon, and a liquid crystal layer interposed between the first and the second substrates, the liquid crystal layer including a plurality of liquid crystal molecules and a plurality of ultraviolet (“UV”)-curable particles; and curing a portion of the UV-curable particles by irradiating light on the display panel, wherein an exposure voltage, which is greater than a maximum data voltage corresponding to maximum grayscale data of the display panel, is applied between the pixel electrode and the common electrode. Also described is a display panel.

Abstract: A method is provided for manufacturing an electrooptic cell, which includes two plates of optically transparent material and at least one thickness of a composite gel based on a smectic liquid crystal and on a polymer provided between the plates, wherein the gel is in a smectic phase at ambient temperature. The method includes injecting a mixture of a ferroelectric and/or anti-ferroelectric smectic liquid and a monomer between the plates, wherein the monomer content of the mixture is between 5 and 25% by weight. The mixture is heated to above its smectic phase/nematic phase transmission temperature so that the mixture is in the nematic phase. The mixture is irradiated, by ultraviolet radiation, so as to polymerize the monomer and thus obtain the gel. During the irradiation step, an electric or magnetic field is applied to the mixture.

Abstract: A method of fabricating liquid crystal display (LCD) that may improves picture quality by removing uncured monomers in a liquid crystal panel and an LCD obtained by the method are provided. The method includes forming a liquid crystal layer between a first substrate and a second substrate by injecting liquid crystal molecules and monomers between the first substrate and the second substrate, the first and second substrates facing each other; applying an electric field to the liquid crystal layer; performing a primary curing operation on the monomers; and removing the electric field and performing a secondary curing operation on remaining monomers, wherein at least one of the primary curing operation and the secondary curing operation includes maintaining a temperature of the liquid crystal layer below a phase transition temperature of the liquid crystal molecules.

Abstract: A liquid crystal display (LCD) panel and a manufacturing method thereof are provided. The manufacturing method includes providing a panel including a first substrate having scan lines, data lines, an active device electrically connecting the scan and data lines, and a pixel electrode electrically connecting the active device, a second substrate having an opposite electrode, and a liquid crystal (LC) layer disposed between the first and the second substrates and having a monomer material. A first curing voltage and a second curing voltage are applied to the scan and data lines, respectively. The second curing voltage is thus transmitted to the pixel electrode. The first curing voltage is higher than an absolute value of the second curing voltage. The monomer material is polymerized to form a first polymer stabilized alignment (PSA) layer between the LC layer and the first substrate and a second PSA layer between the LC layer and the second substrate. The electrical field is then removed.

Abstract: A method for manufacturing a liquid crystal display panel including the steps is provided. A semi-finished liquid crystal display panel including a first substrate, a second substrate, a liquid crystal layer, an opposing electrode, scan lines, data lines, polymerizable molecules, pixel structures, first capacitor bottom electrodes, and second capacitor bottom electrodes is provided. Each pixel structure has a first pixel electrode and a second pixel electrode, and the blocks of the liquid crystal layer corresponding to the first pixel electrodes and the second pixel electrodes are respectively a plurality of first blocks and a plurality of second blocks. Then, a first voltage difference and a second voltage difference are respectively formed in the first blocks and the second blocks respectively, wherein the first voltage difference is different from the second voltage difference. Accordingly, the polymerizable molecules are polymerized to form the liquid crystal display panel.

Abstract: A liquid crystal display panel includes an active component array substrate, a color filter substrate, a pair of alignment films and a liquid crystal layer. The active component array substrate has a first plane. The color filter substrate has a second plane opposite to the first plane. The alignment films are disposed on the first plane and the second plane respectively. The liquid crystal layer is disposed between the alignment films and includes a liquid crystal material, a photo initiator and a first monomer material. The liquid crystal material, the photo initiator and the first monomer material are mixed together. When being irradiated by ultraviolet light, the photo initiator enables the first monomer material to react in a polymerization to form the alignment films.

Abstract: A reflective display device may include pixels. Each pixel may include sub-pixels. Each sub-pixel may include first and second substrates spaced apart from each other; a driving unit formed on a top surface of the first substrate; a reflective layer, acting as a first electrode to which a voltage is applied by the driving unit, disposed above the driving unit; a second electrode formed on a bottom surface of the second substrate; a color filter layer disposed between the reflective layer and the second electrode; and a polymer dispersed liquid crystal (PDLC) layer. If the color filter layer is formed on the reflective layer; then the PDLC layer may be disposed between the second electrode and color filter layer. If the color filter layer is formed on a bottom surface of the second electrode, then the PDLC layer may be disposed between the reflective layer and color filter layer.

Abstract: A liquid crystal display device including first and second substrates with a liquid crystal layer therebetween. A first electrode is formed on the first substrate, and a second electrode is formed on the second substrate. The first electrode is divided into at least two regions such that at least two domains of different liquid crystal orientation directions are defined within a single pixel. A first of the at least two regions and a second of the at least two regions are located in a diagonal manner with respect to each other, and each include a slit pattern. A polymer, formed from a polymerizable compound that has been polymerized, is formed between the first and second substrates, wherein the amount of the polymerizable compound remaining in the liquid crystal layer after the polymerization is not more than 0.05 parts by weight per 100 parts by weight of the liquid crystal layer.

Abstract: A liquid crystal device comprising: a pair of substrates having an electrode arrangement thereon; an orientation control means provided on at least one of said substrates; and a ferroelectric or antiferroelectric liquid crystal layer interposed between said substrates, said liquid crystal layer being uniaxially oriented by virtue of said orientation control means, wherein means for suppressing an orientation control effect of said orientation control means with respect to said liquid crystal layer is provided between said liquid crystal layer and said orientation control means.

Abstract: A method for manufacturing a thin film transistor including a step of forming a polymer film (a) to a layer above a support substrate, a step of forming a semiconductor element above the polymer film (a), and a step of separating the support substrate from the polymer film (a) formed with the semiconductor element in which the polymer film (a) has a thickness of 1 ?m or more and 30 ?m or less, a transmittance of 80% or higher to a visible light at a wavelength of 400 nm or more and 800 nm or less, a 3 wt % loss temperature of 300° C. or higher, and a melting point of 280° C. or higher.

Abstract: A transfer material comprising at least one optically anisotropic layer and at least one photosensitive polymer layer on at least one support, wherein said optically anisotropic layer comprises one or more compounds having a reactive group, and said photosensitive polymer layer comprises two or more types of photopolymerization initiators having different photoreaction mechanisms to each other, and a compound having a reactive group which can react with one or more of the reactive groups present in the optically anisotropic layer by the action of the at least one of said photopolymerization initiators. By using the transfer material, a color filter which contributes to reducing viewing angle dependence of color of a liquid crystal display device, and a liquid crystal display device having less corner non-uniformities and less viewing angle dependence of color.

Abstract: An image display apparatus includes a light source, a color separation unit configured to separate light from the light source into colored light beams, liquid crystal display devices each configured to modulate a corresponding one of the colored light beams in accordance with an image signal, light-shielding members each configured to block light that enters an area outside an effective display area of a corresponding one of the liquid crystal display devices, a color combination unit configured to combine the colored light beams that have been modulated by the liquid crystal display devices, and a projection unit configured to project light produced by combining the colored light beams with the color combination unit, wherein the liquid crystal display devices are fixed to a heatsink, and wherein the light-shielding members each include a base member fixed to the heatsink and a mask member detachably mounted on the base member.

Abstract: A method for designing a polymer-dispersed liquid crystal (PDLC) transflective liquid crystal display (LCD) is provided. The method includes mixing liquid crystal (LC) molecules and polymer monomers to obtain a mixture. The method further includes injecting the mixture into an LC layer of a transflective LCD in a vacuum. And then polymer dispersed LC can be generated. The generated polymer dispersed LC and the transflective LCD can form a PDLC transflective LCD.

Abstract: A method for fabricating a liquid crystal display (LCD) is provided. The method includes the steps stated below. At first, providing an LCD panel including a first substrate, a second substrate and a liquid crystal layer therebetween. The liquid crystal layer includes several photo-sensitive monomers and several liquid crystal molecules. The LCD panel has at least a first pixel and a second pixel. Afterwards, correspondingly driving the first pixel and the second pixel by the first voltage and the second voltage. At last, applying a ultra-violet source onto the LCD panel to enable several photo-sensitive monomers to polymerize several alignment polymers on the first substrate and the second substrate.

Abstract: This invention provides a liquid crystal display device which can contribute to the stabilization of alignment of a liquid crystal and can improve the response speed. The liquid crystal display device comprises a pair of substrates and a liquid crystal layer held between the substrates. At least one of the pair of substrates has a polymer on its surface in contact with the liquid crystal layer. The surface shape of the polymer is in a substantially saw form as viewed from the cross-sectional direction of the substrate. The inclination azimuth of the inclination surface of the polymer is substantially the same as the liquid crystal alignment upon the application of the voltage. Preferably, the surface of the polymer has an approximately wedge shape as viewed from the vertical direction of the substrate, and the azimuth of the apex is approximately opposite to the liquid crystal alignment upon the application of the voltage.

Abstract: A liquid crystal electro-optical device comprises a pair of substrates, at least one of them being light-transmitting, electrodes provided on said substrates, an electro-optical modulating layer being sandwiched by said pair of substrates, and a black coating formed between the electro-optical modulating layer and one of the substrates. The electro-optical modulating layer comprises a dichroic dye and a liquid crystal material embedded in a transparent material which is cured except in a portion situated under the black coating.

Abstract: An image display apparatus includes a light source, a color separation unit configured to separate light from the light source into colored light beams, liquid crystal display devices each configured to modulate a corresponding one of the colored light beams in accordance with an image signal, light-shielding members each configured to block light that enters an area outside an effective display area of a corresponding one of the liquid crystal display devices, a color combination unit configured to combine the colored light beams that have been modulated by the liquid crystal display devices, and a projection unit configured to project light produced by combining the colored light beams with the color combination unit, wherein the liquid crystal display devices are fixed to a heatsink, and wherein the light-shielding members each include a base member fixed to the heatsink and a mask member detachably mounted on the base member.

Abstract: A transmissive liquid crystal display including a pair of substrates, a common electrode on one of the substrates, a pixel electrode on the other substrate, a liquid crystal sealed between the substrates, a polymer obtained by polymerizing a polymeric component mixed in the liquid crystal, and a pixel region having areas whose electro-optical characteristics are different from each other because of a difference between cell thicknesses. A distance between the pixel electrode and the common electrode, with respect to a direction of the cell thickness, is different in the areas of different cell thicknesses. Also, a liquid crystal display including a pair of substrates provided opposite to each other; a liquid crystal sealed between the pair of substrates; and an alignment film including a polymeric component and a polymerization initiator in a density that varies in each of a plurality of areas in the pixel region.

Abstract: A reflective display device may include pixels. Each pixel may include sub-pixels. Each sub-pixel may include first and second substrates spaced apart from each other; a driving unit formed on a top surface of the first substrate; a reflective layer, acting as a first electrode to which a voltage is applied by the driving unit, disposed above the driving unit; a second electrode formed on a bottom surface of the second substrate; a color filter layer disposed between the reflective layer and the second electrode; and a polymer dispersed liquid crystal (PDLC) layer. If the color filter layer is formed on the reflective layer; then the PDLC layer may be disposed between the second electrode and color filter layer. If the color filter layer is formed on a bottom surface of the second electrode, then the PDLC layer may be disposed between the reflective layer and color filter layer.