Abstract: An ophthalmic apparatus includes a fundus image acquisition unit which acquires a plurality of fundus images acquired by imaging fundus of a subject's eye at different times and at least one fundus image that is fewer than the plurality of fundus images and acquired by imaging fundus of the subject's eye at a different time from those for the plurality of fundus images, a unit which generates a new fundus image by averaging the plurality of fundus images, an extraction unit which extracts a feature region from the generated new fundus image, and a unit which tracks the fundus such that positions of a first polarization tomographic image of the fundus corresponding to the new fundus image and a second polarization tomographic image of the fundus corresponding to the at least one fundus image may be corrected based on the extracted feature region and the at least one fundus image.

Abstract: A method for treating a weak viewer-eye includes the steps of receiving eye-strength data indicative of an eye-strength of the weak viewer-eye and causing a 3D display system to vary, in accordance with the eye-strength of the weak viewer-eye, display characteristics of a perspective that the 3D display system displays.

Abstract: A method of determining an ophthalmic prescription (Rx) for a patient's eye, includes obtaining a wavefront measurement of the patient's eye; determining a first Rx for the patient's eye from the wavefront measurement, the first Rx corresponding to a maximum value of a merit function calculated from the wavefront measurement of the patient's eye for a first size of the pupil of the patient's eye; determining one or more additional Rx's of the patient's eye for one or more additional pupil sizes different from the first pupil size, wherein each additional Rx is determined for a corresponding size by calculating a value of the merit function for the previously-calculated Rx at the corresponding size and searching for an Rx at the corresponding size that provides a larger value of the merit function than the previously-calculated Rx at the corresponding size; determining a final Rx based on the first Rx and the additional Rx's; and outputting the final Rx.

Abstract: A portable VOG device is disclosed that will facilitate the effective and efficient screening for TBI in military personnel in forward deployed military settings or remote locations using minimally trained staff. This includes the establishment of a protocol that will provide cost effective pre-screening of military personnel prior to deployment to establish a baseline of brain function prior to possible future injury. The efficiency of the device will promote subsequent follow-up screening to assess the effectiveness of prescribed TBI treatment. Further protocols for diagnosis and rehabilitation applications using the same virtual reality portable device will allow more advanced usage for clinicians providing ongoing evaluation and treatment.

Abstract: To measure internal information on the subject, the OCT (optical coherence tomographic) control device is equipped with: a first imaging control means for initiating imaging when it is determined that input of a measurement instruction to scan the laser light at a prescribed pitch in the imaging target area of a sample using the galvano mirror has been received, and completing imaging in an imaging time that matches the prescribed pitch; and with a second imaging control means for initiating imaging when it is determined that input of a preview instruction to scan at a coarser pitch than the prescribed pitch has been received, and for completing imaging when it is determined that input of a measurement instruction as an instruction to cancel the preview instruction has been received.

Abstract: A camera device configured to obtain an image of an eye is provided. The camera apparatus includes an image sensing unit, a lens set, and a processing unit. The lens set is located between the image sensing unit and the eye and projects light from the eye to the image sensing unit. Here, the lens set and the image sensing unit correspondingly move relative to the eye and continuously shoot a plurality of images of a plurality of parts of the eye. The processing unit is electrically connected to the image sensing unit, and the processing unit stitches the images. A photographing method is also provided.

Abstract: An image capturing apparatus including a plurality of image sensing modules and at least a light source is provided for capturing an image of an eye. Each of the image sensing modules includes an image sensor and a lens. The light source emits an illumination light, and the illumination light irradiates the eye. The eye reflects the illumination light into an image light. The image light includes a plurality of sub-image beams, and the sub-image beams are transmitted to the image sensors of the image sensing modules through the lenses of the image sensing modules, respectively. A capturing method is also provided.

Abstract: A fundus image detection apparatus capable of detecting a fundus image of an eye of an animal is provided. The fundus image detection apparatus includes an image capturing unit and an image processing unit electrically connected with the image capturing unit. The image processing unit has a lookup table. The image processing unit corrects the fundus image of the eye of the animal according to the lookup table to diminish pincushion distortion. Moreover, a method for obtaining a fundus image of an eye of an animal is also provided.

Abstract: The present systems and methods provide a mechanism to assess viewer behavior, features of stimuli, and the interaction between viewer behavior and stimuli. The systems and methods described herein for quantifying blink response and blink inhibition provide moment-by-moments measurements of viewer engagement by measuring what is or is not engaging enough to warrant viewers' inhibition of blinking. The present disclosure describes measures of visual scanning, eye movements, blink data, and blink timing data to derive a measure of how engaged a person is with what he or she is looking at. Blink-related data as a measure of viewer engagement provides a mechanism for determining the most engaging spatial and temporal aspects of a stimulus.

Abstract: Systems for extended depth frequency domain optical coherence tomography are provided including a detection system configured to sample spectral elements at substantially equal frequency intervals, wherein a spectral width associated with the sampled spectral elements is not greater than one-half of the frequency interval. Related methods are also provided herein.

Abstract: An ophthalmological apparatus includes an image acquisition unit configured to acquire images of different magnifications, a decision unit configured to decide, based on at least the acquired images or capture conditions of the acquired images, a method for capturing an image of an intermediate magnification that is between the magnifications of the acquired images, and an alignment unit configured to align the acquired images.

Abstract: A distortion in an image, which occurs when the image is formed by scanning a retina with a resonance scanner, is reduced. An image forming apparatus for forming an image of an object to be inspected includes: a detecting unit for detecting signals relating to a resonance scanner which is set to scan the object to be inspected with measurement light at a first frequency; a determining unit for determining a second frequency which is estimated to be used for the scanning by the resonance scanner, based on a correlation between groups of the detected signals for each cycle of the first frequency; and an image forming unit for forming the image of the object to be inspected based on the determined second frequency.

Abstract: The invention provides a method of monitoring the pupil of a subject, wherein a sensor for observing the pupil is arranged between the cornea and the eyelid covering the cornea, the sensor is powered through the eyelid, and the pupil-observation signals delivered by the sensor are collected through the eyelid.

Abstract: An ophthalmological apparatus includes a first acquiring unit configured to acquire a first eye fundus image of an eye to be examined on basis of return light from the eye to be examined having a corrected aberration of the eye to be examined, a second acquiring unit configured to acquire a second eye fundus image of the eye to be examined, an aligning unit configured to align the first eye fundus image and the second eye fundus image, and a region setting unit configured to set a candidate region of interest on basis of the alignment.

Abstract: A fundus image photographing apparatus with adaptive optics generally corrects an aberration by feedback control using a wave front sensor and a wave front correction device. The reduction in the time required to correct the aberration to a high-resolution photographing level is demanded. Aberration correction information of last photographing is stored for each subject, and a stored correction value is used to correct the aberration to reduce the time before the completion of the aberration correction. If there is no stored information, a correction value for a preset reference aberration amount is used.

Abstract: A method of determining a correction for distortion in eye representations of an ophthalmoscope comprising (i) constructing an optical description of a system comprising the ophthalmoscope and a model eye, (ii) passing a ray through the system onto a surface of the model eye, (iii) calculating an actual measurement of the ray at the surface, (iv) determining a horizontal scanning angle and a vertical scanning angle of the system for the ray, (v) calculating an expected measurement of the ray at the surface using the horizontal scanning angle and vertical scanning angle of the system, (vi) repeating steps (ii) to (v) for a plurality of further rays, and (vii) comparing the actual measurements of the rays at the surface with corresponding expected measurements of the rays at the surface to determine the correction for distortion in eye representations of the ophthalmoscope.

Abstract: A fundus camera includes an illumination optical system, an observation photographic optical system, a photographic diaphragm unit located in a position conjugate with the subject's eye in the observation photographic optical system, and an imaging unit disposed in the observation photographic optical system. The photographic diaphragm unit includes a first photographic diaphragm fixed during capturing of a still image and a second photographic diaphragm movable during capturing of a moving image. The fundus camera further includes a diaphragm driving unit configured to move the second photographic diaphragm on a plane orthogonal to an optical axis, an image recording unit configured to capture, with the first photographic diaphragm, a still image based on an output of the imaging unit and, with the second photographic diaphragm, a moving image based on an output of the imaging unit, and a display unit configured to display an image captured by the imaging unit.

Abstract: Provided is a display apparatus that may estimate a degree of visual fatigue corresponding to an input 3-dimensional (3D) image, using a visual fatigue model to estimate the degree of visual fatigue of a user. The display apparatus may reduce the degree of visual fatigue of the user by rescaling a depth level of the input 3D image based on the degree of visual fatigue.

Abstract: Various methods are disclosed for mapping optical coherence tomography (OCT) data to facilitate review and diagnosis. In one aspect, high resolution 2D line scans are obtained along with lower density 3D cube scans and displayed in a manner to provide context to the clinician. In another aspect, OCT data is analyzed to provide information about non-uniformities of the tissue. Binary image maps of maps useful for determining tautness of membranes are also disclosed.

Abstract: An opthalmological measuring instrument, e.g. for determining the corneal curvature, anterior chamber depth, axial length, or the like, including measuring systems for determining measurement of the mentioned physical parameters. The measuring systems are connected to an evaluation unit which verifies whether quality parameters regarding the measurements are satisfied and generates a corresponding signal that indicates to the medical professional user that a proper measurement can be taken.

Abstract: The present invention contemplates an ophthalmic aberrometer combining measurements of wavefront aberrations and subjective refraction into a single instrument and refers both measurements to the same corneal plane The present invention also contemplates an ophthalmic aberrometer employing an open field and subjective correction to overcome instrument myopia and to ensure accurate measurement of the best-corrected visual acuity in addition to measurement of wavefront aberrations. The present invention further contemplates an ophthalmic aberrometer implementing an optical relay with adjustable optical power compensation to eliminate the need for flipping plurality sets of trial lenses for defocus correction. The present invention also further contemplates an ophthalmic aberrometer making wavefront measurement along a viewing path of the subject eye and enabling accurate measurement of the residual wavefront aberrations after compensating for the subjective refraction.

Abstract: Aberration is measured as phase information at each of a plurality of aberration measurement points, and at the time of correcting the aberration with correction pixels of an aberration correction unit of which the number is greater than the number of the plurality of aberration measurement points, correction pixels corresponding to each aberration measurement point are driven based on the phase information. Regarding correction pixels not positionally corresponding to the aberration measurement points, the aberration correction unit is driven based on phase information in the vicinity of this correction pixel.

Abstract: The invention relates generally to optical tomographic imaging and in particular to systems and methods for adapting the resolution of imaging. One embodiment of the present invention is an apparatus for optical coherence tomography imaging, characterized by its ability to vary the axial resolution and scanning speed during imaging.

Abstract: An eyeglasses-wearing simulation method comprising: a step of creating a pair of left and right original images for enabling a patient to perform stereoscopic viewing by utilizing binocular parallax, based on virtual scene data constituted by virtual objects placed in visual field spaces of the left and right eyes; a step of calculating distortion and blur of a right eye eyeglass lens and adding the distortion and blur to the right eye original image, and calculating distortion and blur of a left eye eyeglass lens and adding the distortion and blur to the left eye original image; and a step of stereoscopically displaying the processed images viewed through the pair of left and right eyeglass lenses on a screen, wherein a value of the blur is calculated by setting a same amount of accommodation to the left and right eyes in regard to all of object points.

Abstract: An ophthalmology apparatus includes: an aberration measuring unit configured to measure an aberration of an eye to be examined on the basis of returned light from the eye to be examined irradiated with measurement light, and a change unit configured to change a size of an irradiating area in the aberration measurement unit to be irradiated with the returned light.

Abstract: A method and associated aid for training visual skills associated with a selected activity. The method is grounded upon a theory which involves a first concept referred to as a “planes of reference box” and a second concept referred to as a “momentum triangle”. The method involves mounting to a head of a wearer a transparent viewing surface through which the wearer observes his or her environment. The transparent viewing surface has activity specific balance reference indicia from the planes of reference box and activity specific momentum reference indicia from the momentum triangle.

Abstract: An apparatus comprises: a projection unit arranged in an illumination optical system for projecting illumination light onto a fundus of an eye and to project a focus index onto the eye; a focus lens arranged in a light-receiving optical system for guiding reflected light from the fundus to an image sensor and to focus the image sensor on the fundus; a first unit to detect an approximate focus position using the focus index in a first mode; a second unit to detect a focus position in a second mode by evaluating a luminance-contrast of a fundus image formed on the image sensor based on the approximate focus position; and a control unit to control positions of the focus lens and the projection unit in association with each other in the first mode, and control them independently in the second mode.

Abstract: Systems and methods for providing improved techniques for evaluating performance of intraocular lenses. Such techniques can be used to evaluate lens designs and can help reduce the need for multiple clinical trials that may otherwise be needed to evaluate multiple design iterations. In one embodiment, a method is provided for method for evaluating performance of an intraocular lens, where the method comprises capturing a plurality of images through the intraocular lens at different focus positions; displaying at least one selected image from the plurality of images to a test subject; receiving input from the test subject indicative of perceived acuity of the at least one selected image; and determining a measure of intraocular lens performance from the received input.

Abstract: Methods and systems for determining a physiological parameter of a subject through interrogation of an eye of the subject with an optical signal are described. Interrogation is performed unobtrusively. The physiological parameter is determined from a signal sensed from the eye of a subject according to a schedule, under the control of a scheduling controller.

Abstract: Random human eye generators are provided for use in evaluating aspects of treatment in refractive surgery or other therapeutic vision modalities. Exemplary random eye generators include an optical parameter such as a manifest refractive sphere parameter or a wavefront sphere parameter, and incorporate a Rayleigh distribution for such parameters.

Abstract: Methods and system for determining a physiological parameter of a subject through interrogation of an eye of the subject with an optical signal are described. Interrogation is performed unobtrusively. The gaze direction of the eye of the subject is determined and an interrogation signal source and/or response signal sensor are moved into alignment with the eye using an actuator to facilitate detection of the signal from the eye of the subject.

Abstract: An adaptive optical apparatus comprising: a shielding unit configured to shield diffracted light that is generated at an aberration correction unit that is irradiated with returning light, wherein the returning light returns from an object to be examined that is irradiated with light; a detection unit configured to detect an aberration of the returning light through an aperture of the shielding unit; and a control unit configured to control the aberration correction unit based on a detection result of the detection unit.

Abstract: Provided are methods for determining an axis of best vision of an eye or for objectively determining a visual axis of an eye and for making the most accurate measurement of refraction. Generally, an optical measuring device or instrument projects laser beams into the eye during a scan. Positions of the projected beams are detected and measured on the retina to produce a set of projections. Wave front tilt of radiation that is backscattered from the retina is calculated as a best fit from the set of projections. The axis of best vision or the visual axis is reconstructed from a set of those traces of chief rays exiting from the eye that cross the nodal point of the optical system of the eye and that are normal to the wave front tilts. Measuring with the Styles Crawford scans centered over this axis provides the most accurate objective refraction.

Abstract: Methods and systems for determining a physiological parameter of a subject through interrogation of an eye of the subject with an optical signal are described. Interrogation is performed unobtrusively. The physiological parameter is determined from a signal sensed from the eye of a subject when the eye of the subject is properly aligned with regard to an interrogation signal source and/or response signal sensor.

Abstract: The present invention provides methods, systems and software for scaling optical aberration measurements of optical systems. In one embodiment, the present invention provides a method of reconstructing optical tissues of an eye. The method comprises transmitting an image through the optical tissues of the eye. Aberration data from the transmitted image is measured across the optical tissues of the eye at a first plane. A conversion algorithm is applied to the data, converting it to corrective optical power data that can be used as a basis for constructing a treatment for the eye at a second plane.

Abstract: In exemplary implementations of this invention, cataracts in the human eye are assessed and mapped by measuring the perceptual impact of forward scattering on the foveal region. The same method can be used to measure scattering/blocking media inside lenses of a camera. Close-range anisotropic displays create collimated beams of light to scan through sub-apertures, scattering light as it strikes a cataract. User feedback is accepted and analyzed, to generate maps for opacity, attenuation, contrast and sub-aperture point-spread functions (PSFs). Optionally, the PSF data is used to reconstruct the individual's cataract-affected view.

Abstract: Selecting an optimal intraocular lens (IOL) from a plurality of IOLs for implanting in a subject eye, including measuring anterior corneal topography (ACT), axial length (AXL), and anterior chamber depth (ACD) of a subject eye; selecting a default equivalent refractive index depending on preoperative patient's stage or calculating a personalized value or introducing a complete topographic representation if posterior corneal data are available; creating a customized model of the subject eye with each of a plurality of identified intraocular lenses (IOL) implanted, performing a ray tracing through that model eye; calculating from the ray tracing a RpMTF or RMTF value; and selecting the IOL corresponding to the highest RpMTF or RMTF value for implanting in the subject eye.

Abstract: An eye refractive power measuring apparatus includes a light projecting optical system, a light receiving optical system, a focusing unit, a calibration optical system, a focus control unit, and an arithmetic unit. The arithmetic unit, based on a relation of a control signal obtained when a calibration beam is projected and a calibration value that is an output of a light receiving unit, and a correlation of a calibration value obtained in advance and eye refractive power, calculates a correlation of the control signal and the eye refractive power, and, based on a control signal obtained when measuring beam is projected, a measured value that is an output of the light receiving unit, and the correlation, calculates the eye refractive power.

Abstract: An instrument is proposed for examining or machining a human eye, with an eye-tracker for acquiring eye movements and for outputting a signal that is representative of the acquired eye movements, the eye-tracker including an interferometric image-acquisition device that has been set up for time-resolved acquisition of sectional images of the eye and that operates on the basis of two-dimensional or three-dimensional optical coherence tomography, and also an evaluating module ascertaining the eye movements solely from the sectional images.

Abstract: Based on optical coherence tomography (OCT) imaging of a portion of an eye, a mask of an anatomical feature is derived. Using the mask as a reference, a scan path is determined that is at least partially fitted to and/or partially enclosing the mask. OCT scan data corresponding to the scan path is acquired and analyzed to detect optic neuropathies.

Abstract: A system for measuring the interpupillary distance of two eyes of a face using a device equipped with a display and a camera. For example, a guide marker (or guide markers) is displayed on a reflective display, and an image is captured using the camera when the reflection of the face is aligned with the guide marker. A stereo pair is created using the camera image and the reflection of the face on the display, and the interpupillary distance is determined by comparing the three-dimensional positions of the two eyes. The device is capable of calibration using a calibration object to detect the distance between the guide marker on the display and the camera. A facial recognition engine is employed in some cases to detect the eyes or other points on the camera image.

Abstract: A method for screening vision using a kiosk comprising: requesting, using the kiosk, user information; performing objective visual acuity tests using the kiosk, wherein said visual acuity tests determine: sphere, cylinder, cylinder axis, or corneal curvature, or any combination thereof; and reporting visual acuity results, wherein said method does not require assistance from another person.

Abstract: Methods and systems for tracking a position and torsional orientation of a patient's eye. In one embodiment, the present invention provides methods and software for registering a first image of an eye with a second image of an eye. In another embodiment, the present invention provides methods and software for tracking a torsional movement of the eye. In a particular usage, the present invention tracks the torsional cyclorotation and translational movement of a patient's eye so as to improve the delivery of a laser energy to the patient's cornea.

Abstract: An ophthalmologic apparatus includes a photographing optical system configured to photograph a fundus of a subject's eye via a focusing lens, a projection unit configured to project, via a mask portion including an opening, a focusing index corresponding to the opening, and a driving unit configured to drive the focusing lens along an optical path based on a position of an image corresponding to the mask portion and a position of a focusing index image corresponding to the opening in a fundus image of the subject's eye.

Abstract: An adaptive optical apparatus includes: a correction unit configured to correct a wavefront aberration of an eye to be examined; a detection unit configured to detect that an eyelid of the eye to be examined is closed or the eyelid of the eye to be examined is open, by using return light from the eye to be examined irradiated by measurement light; and a control unit configured to control the correction unit according to a detection result from the detection unit.

Abstract: Methods and devices measure eye blinks and tear film lipid and aqueous layer thickness before and following ophthalmic formula application onto the ocular surface, especially wherein the ophthalmic formula is an artificial tear. The methods and devices are suitable for dry eye diagnosis. The methods and devices are suitable for use to evaluate ophthalmic formula effects on the tear film and to use such information to diagnose ophthalmic formula treatment of ocular disease conditions such as dry eye in the absence of contact lens wear or post-surgical eye drop treatment and diagnosis. The methods and devices are also suitable for use in the optimization of ophthalmic drug dosage forms and sustained drug release.

Abstract: Detecting position information related to a face, and more particularly to an eyeball in a face, using a detection and ranging system, such as a Radio Detection And Ranging (“RADAR”) system, or a Light Detection And Ranging (“LIDAR”) system. The position information may include a location of the eyeball, translational motion information related to the eyeball (e.g., displacement, velocity, acceleration, jerk, etc.), rotational motion information related to the eyeball (e.g., rotational displacement, rotational velocity, rotational acceleration, etc.) as the eyeball rotates within its socket.

Abstract: An ophthalmological measurement apparatus (10) for determining the axial length (LA) of an eye (4) includes an optical interferometric first measurement system (1) for determining a relative position (A) of the retina (41) of the eye (4), a non-interferometric second measurement system (2) for determining a relative position (B) of the cornea (42) of the eye (4), and processing means (3) for determining the axial length (LA) of the eye (4) on the basis of the relative position (A) of the retina (41) and of the relative position (B) of the cornea (42).

Abstract: Sets, kits or stocks of anti-myopia contact or spectacle lenses, along with methods for their use, that do not require a clinician to measure peripheral refractive error in the eyes of myopic patients. Extensive surveys have shown that lenses having peripheral powers or defocus set in accordance with central corrective power will cover almost all normal myopes not worse than ?6D central refractive error. In one example, a kit or set of lenses (50, FIG. 15) can have multiple parts or sub-sets (52, 54) each comprising a compartmented container (56a, 56b) with lenses (58a, 58b) arranged according to increments of central corrective power (59a, 59b). The lenses (58a) of the first part (52) have four steps (60a, 61a, 62a, 64a) of peripheral power or defocus to provide therapeutic effect and, while the lenses (58b) of the second part (54) also have four steps (60b, 61b, 62b, 64b), the level of therapeutic effect is higher.

Abstract: In order to detect a position alignment state between an apparatus and an eye to be inspected in a working distance direction with high precision at a high speed in the apparatus side, an ophthalmologic apparatus is disclosed. The position alignment state between the eye to be inspected and the apparatus in the working distance direction is detected by evaluating a contrast of an index image that is obtained as a reflection image of an index projected onto an anterior ocular segment, and a contrast of the index image is evaluated using a ratio or a difference between pixel numbers of the index image in at least two or more gray scale values.