Abstract: A measurement device for measuring a characteristic reading distance of an individual in a natural posture for near vision, includes a movable reading medium presenting a plane display portion suitable for displaying signs and a measurement subassembly including at least one ultrasound emitter member and at least one ultrasound receiver member. The emitter and receiver members are carried by the reading medium, and at least one of the members, referred to as the first measurement member possesses a measurement axis along which emission or reception by the first measurement member is privileged and that is inclined relative to the plane of the display portion by an angle lying in the range 10 degrees to 80 degrees or that is inclinable relative to this plane of the display portion at least over an angular range extending from 10 degrees to 80 degrees.

Abstract: A print format adjustment system includes a receiving module, a visual condition determination module, a print format determination module, and a print control module. The receiving module receives content for printing in a first print format. The visual condition determination module establishes the sharpness of vision of a viewer in front of a display, at a predetermined view distance. The print format determination module determines a second print format based on both the first print format and the visual condition of the viewer. The print control module prints the content in the second print format.

Abstract: Embodiments of the present invention provide methods for finding the lateral position of the fovea in an OCT image volume. In one instance, a cost function is developed whose minimum is located at or near the foveal center. This cost function includes one or more measures of retinal layer thickness and/or measures of distance from blood vessels or a priori locations.

Abstract: The present disclosure provides an improved method for photobleaching an eye of a subject. The disclosed method may be used in a number of psychophysical test methods, including, but not limited to, measurement of dark adaptation. The improved method for photobleaching involves at least one of the following improvements: (i) the use of a bleaching light emitting a particular wavelength of light or a tailored spectrum of wavelengths; (ii) restricting or otherwise spatially tailoring the region of the retina that is subject to photobleaching; and (iii) utilizing a bleaching light having an intensity that is at or below the intensity of ambient daylight. The present disclosure additionally provides a combination of a photobleaching light and an apparatus to administer a psychophysical test suitable for use in practicing the disclosed methods.

Abstract: An ophthalmologic apparatus includes an acquisition unit configured to acquire a fundus image of a subject's eye, a displacement acquisition unit configured to acquire the displacement of an imaging position between the fundus images acquired by the acquisition unit, and a display control unit configured to display on a display unit the fundus image acquired by the acquisition unit and a region of interest which is an area where a tomogram of the fundus is captured, in which the display control unit performs display control to display the fundus image and the region of interest on the display unit based on the displacement acquired by the displacement acquisition unit so that the region of interest is positioned at a predetermined position of the fundus image, and stops the display control based on the position of the subject's eye.

Abstract: An optical tomographic imaging apparatus includes a measurement light optical path length changing unit configured to change an optical path length of measurement light. In a case where any one of a plurality of imaging regions of an object (for example, a region of an anterior eye of a subject's eye and a region of a fundus of the subject's eye) is selected, the optical tomographic imaging apparatus can control the measurement light optical path length changing unit according to a size of an imaging range of a tomographic image corresponding to the selected imaging region.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method for measuring ocular scattering, comprising the steps of: sequentially projecting images from an extensive light source, corresponding to different visual angles, onto the retina; recording the output light in a camera or detector once it has passed through the eye twice; calculating the intensity at the center of each recorded image; calculating the PSF for each angle from the previous intensities; and calculating the average of the value of the PSF between the angles. The invention also relates to a system for carrying out said method. The invention can be used to measure the intensity of the scattered light in an objective manner.

Abstract: An optical tomographic imaging apparatus includes a control unit configured to, in a case where an instruction to narrow an imaging range of a tomographic image is issued, control a measurement light optical path length changing unit to reduce an optical path length of measurement light and make a changing speed of the optical path length of the measurement light lower than in a case where an instruction to widen the imaging range is issued.

Abstract: A method of performing an ophthalmic test on an examinee's eyes utilizes a three-dimensional display screen that includes a right-eye image and a left-eye image to induce ocular responses in the examinee's eyes. The right and left-eye images are varied while detection devices are used to monitor the examinee's eyes ocular responses to the variations. The induced ocular responses of the examinee's eyes are then used to diagnose any ocular, mental or neurological conditions present. The ocular response inducing images are preferably included in a three-dimensional video game such that a players' performance while playing the game will be indicative of any disorders that may be present.

Abstract: An optical coherence tomographic imaging apparatus includes a movement amount acquisition unit configured to acquire the amount of subject's eye movement based on a plurality of images of the subject's eye acquired at different times, a determination unit configured to determine whether the amount of subject's eye movement before a scan by the scanning unit exceeds a threshold value, and a control unit configured to, in a case the amount of subject's eye movement before the scan is equal to or smaller than the threshold value, control the scanning unit to perform scanning position correction between a scan and the next scan based on the amount of movement.

Abstract: An optical tomographic imaging apparatus includes an instruction unit configured to issue an instruction on a size of an imaging range of a tomographic image, and a control unit configured to control a measurement light optical path length changing unit to perform alignment in a depth direction with respect an object after the instruction by the instruction unit, and change an optical path length of measurement light by a distance corresponding to a change of the size on which the instruction is issued.

Abstract: An optical coherence tomographic imaging apparatus includes a movement amount acquisition unit configured to acquire an amount of rotation of a subject's eye based on a plurality of images of the subject's eye acquired at different times, and a control unit configured to control a scanning unit to correct, based on the acquired amount of rotation, a scanning position between a scan and a next scan performed by the scanning unit.

Abstract: Various approaches are disclosed for simultaneously generating optical coherence tomography (OCT) and confocal scanning laser images by spatially separating the signal normally used for OCT imaging with selective reflecting or beam directing devices. In one preferred embodiment, the invention includes a mirror having a central transmission region, such that the radially outer region of the returning signal beam is reflected and used for generating a confocal image while the central part of the signal beam is transmitted and used to generate an OCT image. In other embodiments, the signals may be spatially separated in other ways, such as with an optic having a reflective center surface, a mirror having two parts oriented at different angles, one or more wedged optics, or a dispersive component. A further aspect of the invention is the ability to increase the frame rate of the confocal imaging.

Abstract: A method for providing a spectacle ophthalmic lens to a wearer, the method comprising the following steps: providing a value, SV, representing the sensitivity of the wearer referred to a scale of sensitivity to perception of spatial orientation, according to both visual and non visual frames of reference; calculating a design of the spectacle ophthalmic lens or selecting a design in a spectacle ophthalmic lens design data base by adapting the management of residual astigmatism and/or optical power repartition according to gaze direction based on the value, SV, representing the sensitivity of the wearer referred to a scale of sensitivity to perception of spatial orientation.

Abstract: It has been very cumbersome to determine whether or not alignment is required before the fundus image is acquired after the tomographic image is acquired, causing the reduction in diagnostic efficiency. An ophthalmic apparatus is provided to solve this problem, which comprises an irradiation unit that irradiates an eye to be inspected with a first beam for acquiring a tomographic image of the eye and a second beam for acquiring a fundus image of the eye, the second beam having a beam diameter larger than the beam diameter of the first beam; and a determination unit that, based on information indicating a shift amount between an irradiation position of the first beam in the eye and an ocular axis of the eye, determines whether or not the irradiation position of the second beam falls within a range in which the fundus image can be acquired.

Abstract: In exemplary implementations, this invention is a tool for subjective assessment of the visual acuity of a human eye. A microlens or pinhole array is placed over a high-resolution display. The eye is brought very near to the device. Patterns are displayed on the screen under some of the lenslets or pinholes. Using interactive software, a user causes the patterns that the eye sees to appear to be aligned. The software allows the user to move the apparent position of the patterns. This apparent motion is achieved by pre-warping the position and angle of the ray-bundles exiting the lenslet display. As the user aligns the apparent position of the patterns, the amount of pre-warping varies. The amount of pre-warping required in order for the user to see what appears to be a single, aligned pattern indicates the lens aberration of the eye.

Abstract: An image stitching method adapted to stitch a plurality of fundus images of an animal is provided. The image stitching method includes following steps. A plurality of fundus images of the animal are captured, where the fundus images partially overlap. The fundus images are respectively converted into a plurality of grayscale images. The contrasts of the grayscale images are enhanced. The grayscale images with enhanced contrasts are compared to obtain a plurality of stitching data. The fundus images are stitched according to the stitching data. Additionally, a camera system is also provided.

Abstract: An ophthalmic apparatus includes a fundus image acquisition unit which acquires a plurality of fundus images acquired by imaging fundus of a subject's eye at different times and at least one fundus image that is fewer than the plurality of fundus images and acquired by imaging fundus of the subject's eye at a different time from those for the plurality of fundus images, a unit which generates a new fundus image by averaging the plurality of fundus images, an extraction unit which extracts a feature region from the generated new fundus image, and a unit which tracks the fundus such that positions of a first polarization tomographic image of the fundus corresponding to the new fundus image and a second polarization tomographic image of the fundus corresponding to the at least one fundus image may be corrected based on the extracted feature region and the at least one fundus image.

Abstract: A method for treating a weak viewer-eye includes the steps of receiving eye-strength data indicative of an eye-strength of the weak viewer-eye and causing a 3D display system to vary, in accordance with the eye-strength of the weak viewer-eye, display characteristics of a perspective that the 3D display system displays.

Abstract: A method of determining an ophthalmic prescription (Rx) for a patient's eye, includes obtaining a wavefront measurement of the patient's eye; determining a first Rx for the patient's eye from the wavefront measurement, the first Rx corresponding to a maximum value of a merit function calculated from the wavefront measurement of the patient's eye for a first size of the pupil of the patient's eye; determining one or more additional Rx's of the patient's eye for one or more additional pupil sizes different from the first pupil size, wherein each additional Rx is determined for a corresponding size by calculating a value of the merit function for the previously-calculated Rx at the corresponding size and searching for an Rx at the corresponding size that provides a larger value of the merit function than the previously-calculated Rx at the corresponding size; determining a final Rx based on the first Rx and the additional Rx's; and outputting the final Rx.

Abstract: The present systems and methods provide a mechanism to assess viewer behavior, features of stimuli, and the interaction between viewer behavior and stimuli. The systems and methods described herein for quantifying blink response and blink inhibition provide moment-by-moments measurements of viewer engagement by measuring what is or is not engaging enough to warrant viewers' inhibition of blinking. The present disclosure describes measures of visual scanning, eye movements, blink data, and blink timing data to derive a measure of how engaged a person is with what he or she is looking at. Blink-related data as a measure of viewer engagement provides a mechanism for determining the most engaging spatial and temporal aspects of a stimulus.

Abstract: A fundus image detection apparatus capable of detecting a fundus image of an eye of an animal is provided. The fundus image detection apparatus includes an image capturing unit and an image processing unit electrically connected with the image capturing unit. The image processing unit has a lookup table. The image processing unit corrects the fundus image of the eye of the animal according to the lookup table to diminish pincushion distortion. Moreover, a method for obtaining a fundus image of an eye of an animal is also provided.

Abstract: An image capturing apparatus including a plurality of image sensing modules and at least a light source is provided for capturing an image of an eye. Each of the image sensing modules includes an image sensor and a lens. The light source emits an illumination light, and the illumination light irradiates the eye. The eye reflects the illumination light into an image light. The image light includes a plurality of sub-image beams, and the sub-image beams are transmitted to the image sensors of the image sensing modules through the lenses of the image sensing modules, respectively. A capturing method is also provided.

Abstract: A camera device configured to obtain an image of an eye is provided. The camera apparatus includes an image sensing unit, a lens set, and a processing unit. The lens set is located between the image sensing unit and the eye and projects light from the eye to the image sensing unit. Here, the lens set and the image sensing unit correspondingly move relative to the eye and continuously shoot a plurality of images of a plurality of parts of the eye. The processing unit is electrically connected to the image sensing unit, and the processing unit stitches the images. A photographing method is also provided.

Abstract: To measure internal information on the subject, the OCT (optical coherence tomographic) control device is equipped with: a first imaging control means for initiating imaging when it is determined that input of a measurement instruction to scan the laser light at a prescribed pitch in the imaging target area of a sample using the galvano mirror has been received, and completing imaging in an imaging time that matches the prescribed pitch; and with a second imaging control means for initiating imaging when it is determined that input of a preview instruction to scan at a coarser pitch than the prescribed pitch has been received, and for completing imaging when it is determined that input of a measurement instruction as an instruction to cancel the preview instruction has been received.

Abstract: A portable VOG device is disclosed that will facilitate the effective and efficient screening for TBI in military personnel in forward deployed military settings or remote locations using minimally trained staff. This includes the establishment of a protocol that will provide cost effective pre-screening of military personnel prior to deployment to establish a baseline of brain function prior to possible future injury. The efficiency of the device will promote subsequent follow-up screening to assess the effectiveness of prescribed TBI treatment. Further protocols for diagnosis and rehabilitation applications using the same virtual reality portable device will allow more advanced usage for clinicians providing ongoing evaluation and treatment.

Abstract: Systems for extended depth frequency domain optical coherence tomography are provided including a detection system configured to sample spectral elements at substantially equal frequency intervals, wherein a spectral width associated with the sampled spectral elements is not greater than one-half of the frequency interval. Related methods are also provided herein.

Abstract: The invention provides a method of monitoring the pupil of a subject, wherein a sensor for observing the pupil is arranged between the cornea and the eyelid covering the cornea, the sensor is powered through the eyelid, and the pupil-observation signals delivered by the sensor are collected through the eyelid.

Abstract: An ophthalmological apparatus includes a first acquiring unit configured to acquire a first eye fundus image of an eye to be examined on basis of return light from the eye to be examined having a corrected aberration of the eye to be examined, a second acquiring unit configured to acquire a second eye fundus image of the eye to be examined, an aligning unit configured to align the first eye fundus image and the second eye fundus image, and a region setting unit configured to set a candidate region of interest on basis of the alignment.

Abstract: A method of determining a correction for distortion in eye representations of an ophthalmoscope comprising (i) constructing an optical description of a system comprising the ophthalmoscope and a model eye, (ii) passing a ray through the system onto a surface of the model eye, (iii) calculating an actual measurement of the ray at the surface, (iv) determining a horizontal scanning angle and a vertical scanning angle of the system for the ray, (v) calculating an expected measurement of the ray at the surface using the horizontal scanning angle and vertical scanning angle of the system, (vi) repeating steps (ii) to (v) for a plurality of further rays, and (vii) comparing the actual measurements of the rays at the surface with corresponding expected measurements of the rays at the surface to determine the correction for distortion in eye representations of the ophthalmoscope.

Abstract: A fundus image photographing apparatus with adaptive optics generally corrects an aberration by feedback control using a wave front sensor and a wave front correction device. The reduction in the time required to correct the aberration to a high-resolution photographing level is demanded. Aberration correction information of last photographing is stored for each subject, and a stored correction value is used to correct the aberration to reduce the time before the completion of the aberration correction. If there is no stored information, a correction value for a preset reference aberration amount is used.

Abstract: An ophthalmological apparatus includes an image acquisition unit configured to acquire images of different magnifications, a decision unit configured to decide, based on at least the acquired images or capture conditions of the acquired images, a method for capturing an image of an intermediate magnification that is between the magnifications of the acquired images, and an alignment unit configured to align the acquired images.

Abstract: A distortion in an image, which occurs when the image is formed by scanning a retina with a resonance scanner, is reduced. An image forming apparatus for forming an image of an object to be inspected includes: a detecting unit for detecting signals relating to a resonance scanner which is set to scan the object to be inspected with measurement light at a first frequency; a determining unit for determining a second frequency which is estimated to be used for the scanning by the resonance scanner, based on a correlation between groups of the detected signals for each cycle of the first frequency; and an image forming unit for forming the image of the object to be inspected based on the determined second frequency.

Abstract: A fundus camera includes an illumination optical system, an observation photographic optical system, a photographic diaphragm unit located in a position conjugate with the subject's eye in the observation photographic optical system, and an imaging unit disposed in the observation photographic optical system. The photographic diaphragm unit includes a first photographic diaphragm fixed during capturing of a still image and a second photographic diaphragm movable during capturing of a moving image. The fundus camera further includes a diaphragm driving unit configured to move the second photographic diaphragm on a plane orthogonal to an optical axis, an image recording unit configured to capture, with the first photographic diaphragm, a still image based on an output of the imaging unit and, with the second photographic diaphragm, a moving image based on an output of the imaging unit, and a display unit configured to display an image captured by the imaging unit.

Abstract: Provided is a display apparatus that may estimate a degree of visual fatigue corresponding to an input 3-dimensional (3D) image, using a visual fatigue model to estimate the degree of visual fatigue of a user. The display apparatus may reduce the degree of visual fatigue of the user by rescaling a depth level of the input 3D image based on the degree of visual fatigue.

Abstract: Various methods are disclosed for mapping optical coherence tomography (OCT) data to facilitate review and diagnosis. In one aspect, high resolution 2D line scans are obtained along with lower density 3D cube scans and displayed in a manner to provide context to the clinician. In another aspect, OCT data is analyzed to provide information about non-uniformities of the tissue. Binary image maps of maps useful for determining tautness of membranes are also disclosed.

Abstract: An opthalmological measuring instrument, e.g. for determining the corneal curvature, anterior chamber depth, axial length, or the like, including measuring systems for determining measurement of the mentioned physical parameters. The measuring systems are connected to an evaluation unit which verifies whether quality parameters regarding the measurements are satisfied and generates a corresponding signal that indicates to the medical professional user that a proper measurement can be taken.

Abstract: The present invention contemplates an ophthalmic aberrometer combining measurements of wavefront aberrations and subjective refraction into a single instrument and refers both measurements to the same corneal plane The present invention also contemplates an ophthalmic aberrometer employing an open field and subjective correction to overcome instrument myopia and to ensure accurate measurement of the best-corrected visual acuity in addition to measurement of wavefront aberrations. The present invention further contemplates an ophthalmic aberrometer implementing an optical relay with adjustable optical power compensation to eliminate the need for flipping plurality sets of trial lenses for defocus correction. The present invention also further contemplates an ophthalmic aberrometer making wavefront measurement along a viewing path of the subject eye and enabling accurate measurement of the residual wavefront aberrations after compensating for the subjective refraction.

Abstract: Aberration is measured as phase information at each of a plurality of aberration measurement points, and at the time of correcting the aberration with correction pixels of an aberration correction unit of which the number is greater than the number of the plurality of aberration measurement points, correction pixels corresponding to each aberration measurement point are driven based on the phase information. Regarding correction pixels not positionally corresponding to the aberration measurement points, the aberration correction unit is driven based on phase information in the vicinity of this correction pixel.

Abstract: The invention relates generally to optical tomographic imaging and in particular to systems and methods for adapting the resolution of imaging. One embodiment of the present invention is an apparatus for optical coherence tomography imaging, characterized by its ability to vary the axial resolution and scanning speed during imaging.

Abstract: An ophthalmology apparatus includes: an aberration measuring unit configured to measure an aberration of an eye to be examined on the basis of returned light from the eye to be examined irradiated with measurement light, and a change unit configured to change a size of an irradiating area in the aberration measurement unit to be irradiated with the returned light.

Abstract: An eyeglasses-wearing simulation method comprising: a step of creating a pair of left and right original images for enabling a patient to perform stereoscopic viewing by utilizing binocular parallax, based on virtual scene data constituted by virtual objects placed in visual field spaces of the left and right eyes; a step of calculating distortion and blur of a right eye eyeglass lens and adding the distortion and blur to the right eye original image, and calculating distortion and blur of a left eye eyeglass lens and adding the distortion and blur to the left eye original image; and a step of stereoscopically displaying the processed images viewed through the pair of left and right eyeglass lenses on a screen, wherein a value of the blur is calculated by setting a same amount of accommodation to the left and right eyes in regard to all of object points.

Abstract: A method and associated aid for training visual skills associated with a selected activity. The method is grounded upon a theory which involves a first concept referred to as a “planes of reference box” and a second concept referred to as a “momentum triangle”. The method involves mounting to a head of a wearer a transparent viewing surface through which the wearer observes his or her environment. The transparent viewing surface has activity specific balance reference indicia from the planes of reference box and activity specific momentum reference indicia from the momentum triangle.

Abstract: Methods and systems for determining a physiological parameter of a subject through interrogation of an eye of the subject with an optical signal are described. Interrogation is performed unobtrusively. The physiological parameter is determined from a signal sensed from the eye of a subject when the eye of the subject is properly aligned with regard to an interrogation signal source and/or response signal sensor.

Abstract: Systems and methods for providing improved techniques for evaluating performance of intraocular lenses. Such techniques can be used to evaluate lens designs and can help reduce the need for multiple clinical trials that may otherwise be needed to evaluate multiple design iterations. In one embodiment, a method is provided for method for evaluating performance of an intraocular lens, where the method comprises capturing a plurality of images through the intraocular lens at different focus positions; displaying at least one selected image from the plurality of images to a test subject; receiving input from the test subject indicative of perceived acuity of the at least one selected image; and determining a measure of intraocular lens performance from the received input.

Abstract: An adaptive optical apparatus comprising: a shielding unit configured to shield diffracted light that is generated at an aberration correction unit that is irradiated with returning light, wherein the returning light returns from an object to be examined that is irradiated with light; a detection unit configured to detect an aberration of the returning light through an aperture of the shielding unit; and a control unit configured to control the aberration correction unit based on a detection result of the detection unit.

Abstract: Provided are methods for determining an axis of best vision of an eye or for objectively determining a visual axis of an eye and for making the most accurate measurement of refraction. Generally, an optical measuring device or instrument projects laser beams into the eye during a scan. Positions of the projected beams are detected and measured on the retina to produce a set of projections. Wave front tilt of radiation that is backscattered from the retina is calculated as a best fit from the set of projections. The axis of best vision or the visual axis is reconstructed from a set of those traces of chief rays exiting from the eye that cross the nodal point of the optical system of the eye and that are normal to the wave front tilts. Measuring with the Styles Crawford scans centered over this axis provides the most accurate objective refraction.

Abstract: Methods and system for determining a physiological parameter of a subject through interrogation of an eye of the subject with an optical signal are described. Interrogation is performed unobtrusively. The gaze direction of the eye of the subject is determined and an interrogation signal source and/or response signal sensor are moved into alignment with the eye using an actuator to facilitate detection of the signal from the eye of the subject.

Abstract: Methods and systems for determining a physiological parameter of a subject through interrogation of an eye of the subject with an optical signal are described. Interrogation is performed unobtrusively. The physiological parameter is determined from a signal sensed from the eye of a subject according to a schedule, under the control of a scheduling controller.

Abstract: Random human eye generators are provided for use in evaluating aspects of treatment in refractive surgery or other therapeutic vision modalities. Exemplary random eye generators include an optical parameter such as a manifest refractive sphere parameter or a wavefront sphere parameter, and incorporate a Rayleigh distribution for such parameters.