Abstract: Apparatus for copying the images of selected frames on sections of exposed and developed roll films or of diapositives has a set of advancing rolls or a reciprocable pusher to move a film section or a diapositive from a discrete first portion of a first path into a second portion which terminates at the copying station, and thereupon from a first portion of a second path (such first portion is common to the second portion of the first path) into a discrete portion of the second path. A switching device is located at the junction of the first and second portions of the first path to prevent copied film sections or diapositives from reentering the first portion of the first path on their way away from the copying station. This renders it possible to introduce a fresh film section or a fresh diapositive into the first portion of the first path while a film section or a diapositive is located at the copying station or is on the way toward the discharge end of the second path.

Abstract: An exposure controlling apparatus includes a sensor for effecting photometry by separating light from an original picture into a plurality of separated components; a storage device for storing a value concerning the spectral sensitivity of the sensor and a value concerning the spectral sensitivity of a copying sensitive material to be copied; an estimating device for estimating a spectral characteristic of the original picture on the basis of a photometric value of the sensor and the value concerning the spectral sensitivity of the sensor stored in the storage device; and a controller for determining a synthetic value which is equivalent to a value measured by a sensor having a spectral sensitivity distribution identical with or similar to a spectral sensitivity distribution of the copying sensitive material on the basis of the spectral characteristics of the original picture estimated and the value concerning the spectral sensitivity of the copying sensitive material, and for controlling exposure amount on t

Abstract: A system for printing photographs form developed film includes a light receiving element for detecting an image condition, such as the image density or color balance, which is used to control a printing light source. The light from the printing light source projects the photographic image on photographic paper through the developed film. A code reader reads codes printed in the vicinity of the film frame through a line sensor. The codes includes data concerning the photographic mode selected, such as pseudo focal length or a normal photographic mode. The light receiving element detects the image condition only of the area to be printed in accordance with the selected photographic mode and which passes through the developed film and a printing zoom lens.

Abstract: A printing method using a photographic printer which effects at an identical or proximate position photometry conducted by dividing an image frame into a multiplicity of segments and exposure based on data obtained by photometry. The process of effecting both photometry, and selecting and storing data necessary for determination of exposure amount is repeated until the number of items of the data stored reaches a predetermined value or more. When the number of items of the data stored has reached the predetermined value or more, an image frame to be printed is positioned in an exposing position, and exposure is effected on the basis of photometric data on the image frame and the stored data.

Abstract: A measuring instrument for the point-by-point measuring of color originals to be copied for the determination of exposure data, in which the original is illuminated by a condenser light source by way of a Fresnel lens and by means of an objective is imaged over the whole surface on a measuring plane in which a photodiode line can be moved in a straight line over the measuring surface. The movement of the photodiode line over the original image takes place step-by-step by means of a step motor, light measuring signals being created in the individual diodes which each can be assigned to a certain measuring point on the original. The sensing takes place sequentially for the basic colors red, green and blue, in which case one color filter respectively of the corresponding color is introduced into the path of the measuring rays. From the large number of measuring values, the exposure data are computed according to a predetermined algorithm.

Abstract: Data relating to a customer's order for photofinishing are written on a mark sheet. The mark sheet is optically read in a photo-lab, thereby to record the customer's order data in a transparent magnetic recording layer of the photographic film to be processed. The photographic film is sorted with reference to the data read from the mark sheet and, thereafter, is processed according to the customer's order based on the data read therefrom by an appropriate processing apparatus.

Abstract: A photographic printer has a light source for illuminating negative film. A filter turret is disposed rotatably across an optical path from the light source, and is rotated by a stepping motor. A scanner is provided for measuring light. The turret is stopped in a predetermined position other than a position which keeps the photometric opening in the turret fully open, in order to reduce a light amount passed through from the light source. Data for the predetermined stop position is stored in a memory. A controller controls rotation of the stepping motor by reading out the stop position in order to detect a position taken by a picture frame on negative film. The memory also stores three other predetermined stop positions to stop respective color filters in offset positions in order to reduce a light amount at the time of three color separation photometry. With the invention, a conventionally used ND filter can be omitted while detecting the picture frame and three color separation photometry.

Abstract: A durable filter driving mechanism for a color optical reader that is capable of being positively and accurately positioned is proposed. The filter driving mechanism includes a guiding piece mounting thereon a reduction gear assembly having a reduction gear set meshing with a rack of a sliding piece having a rail coupling thereto a color filter assembly operating in cooperation with a lens assembly and a charge coupled element.

Abstract: In a photographic copy process the copy master is scanned in intervals by a source of measuring light. The measuring light is spectrally split, detected and converted into electrical measuring signals. The n spectral measuring signals are converted into n spectral density values, compared with neutral densities and n spectral density differences formed. In a data compression the n spectral density differences are converted by an orthogonal transformation to m<n transformation coefficients. The transformation coefficients are analyzed in a color and density correction routine and deviations computed. From the deviations the copy light quantities and exposure corrections adjusted to the copy material are determined. The photographic copies are produced by the exposure values determined.

Abstract: A color separating device in a color copier includes a predetermined number of filter frames which carry different color filters corresponding to the colors to be separated and which can be moved between a retracted position in which the color filters are retracted from an optical path of an imaging optical system of the copier and an operative position in which the color filters are located in the optical path, the direction of movement being perpendicular to the optical path, guides for guiding the movement of the filter frames, springs for continuously biasing the filter frames toward the retracted position, an endless belt which can be selectively engaged by the filter frames to move the filter frames, and a motor for intermittently rotating the endless belt.

Abstract: A photographic color copying apparatus and an exposure control process includes measuring filters variable as a function of the spectral sensitivities of different copy materials, in particular electro-optical filters. The variable measuring filters are constructed in the manner of Solc filters or Lyot-Ohman filters and include polarizers and electro-optical crystals, preferably liquid crystals.

Abstract: The copy master is illuminated in scanning sections located along scanning lines and measuring light coming from the scanning sections of a scanning line is spectrally decomposed and subsequently passed onto a photoreceiver line coordinated with the scanning line involved. Along this photoreceiver line photoreceiver groups sequentially follow each other, each group being assigned to the spectrum of a scanning section of the scanning line involved.

Abstract: An image recording apparatus having means for changing an exposure condition in accordance with a change in photosensitivity of an applied photosensitive recording medium. The recording medium has a leading end portion provided with a bar code indicative of the photosensitivity. Upon sensing the data, control means controls the exposure condition by controlling light irradiation amount from the light source and/or filter insertion amount relative to an optical path. The bar code may be erroneously read by a bar code reader, or if the bar code is not attached to the recording medium, correct data is read out from a memory means. Alternatively, a standardized data is loaded into the memory means, and the latter data is read out for the control to the exposure condition.

Abstract: In a method of estimating colors of this invention, a combination of fundamental colors (x y z . . . ), which corresponds to a target color in a colorimetric system, is calculated by using the following equation: ##EQU1## where (x.sub.i ', y.sub.i ', z.sub.i ', . . . ) (i=1 to (n+1)) are values of (n +1) vertexes of a division space, which surround the target value in the colorimetric system, (x.sub.i, y.sub.i, z.sub.i, . . . ) (where i=1 to (n+1)) are values of vertexes of a division space of a fundamental color coordinate system corresponding to the division space in the colorimetric system, and (x', y', z', . . . ) is a value of the target color in the colorimetric system.

Abstract: A photograph processing device comprises an exposing section for printing an image on a light-sensitive material in accordance with exposure conditions, a processor section for performing developing, fixing, washing and drying operations with respect to the printed light-sensitive material, a density measuring unit provided in the vicinity of the light-sensitive material exit side of the processor section for photometering the light-sensitive material to provide an image density signal free from the influence of temperature that is caused by subjecting the light-sensitive material to the drying operation, and an exposure condition correcting unit for correcting the exposure conditions in accordance with the image density signal outputted from the density measuring unit.

Abstract: A copying apparatus provided with a light-attenuating filter used for controlling copying conditions. The light-attenuating filter is formed of a nontransparent member in which a multiplicity of small holes or small-width slits are provided. In setting the printing conditions for the copying apparatus, a film development-evaluating film with an evaluating latent image recorded thereon is developed, the image on the evaluating film developed is photometrically measured and printed on a paper, the printed paper is developed, and the density of a print obtained by development is measured so as to set the printing conditions. To photometrically measure the print, a punched hole provided in the paper is detected to photometrically measure a central portion of the image plane.

Abstract: A method for determining exposure amount by making use of the fact that values in which the photometric data on a lowest-density portion of a color film is subtracted from tricolor photometric data are approximately the same irrespective of the type of film. The lowest-density data is subtracted from the tricolor photometric data to determine tricolor corrected data. This tricolor corrected data is normalized, and the tricolor normalized data is compared with a reference value so as to be classified into tricolor normalized data. The tricolor photometric data is selected in correspondence with this classification, and the exposure amount is determined on the basis of an average value of the tricolor photometric data selected. As a result, it is possible to print various types of film under the conditions of print exposure of a reference film type without requiring information indicating the film type.

Abstract: Process wherein the slope of linear segments of color density curves of color copy material are affected in a controlled manner by homogeneous supplemental exposures. The quantities of light required for the supplemental exposures are determined by the analysis of the spectral density values of the copy master and by comparison with the color density curves of the copy material.

Abstract: Radiant energy is directed from a source (14,16) to an illumination plane (28) where the light receiving ends of groups (36) of optic fibers are arranged in coplanar striations (100), after which the radiant energy passes through the groups of optic fibers into individual exposure columns (40) and on to an exposure plane (42) where a radiation sensitive sample is exposed in individual areas to different, readily adjustable levels of illuminance from each of the groups of optic fibers.

Abstract: An image recording apparatus in which a color image of an original document is copied on a sheet of paper using a photosensitive recording medium and three mask members corresponding to red, green and blue color components. The mask members have light shielding images corresponding to color-separated images of the original document. The mask member is superposed on the photosensitive recording medium and the latter is exposed to the color-separated light component through the mask member. To provide a background-white color copies, detected is a transmission rate of the color-separated light component transmitting through the mask member and an amount of the color-separated light component applied through the mask member to the photosensitive recording medium is controlled in response to the detected transmission rate.

Abstract: A color image producing method for producing a color image of a desired original is based on the use of a reference original having a certain light transmitting characteristic. A tone of the original corresponding to the intensity of light with respect to each of three primary colors is obtained by transmitting a predetermined light intensity through the original. The method includes the steps of detecting a difference in tone between the reference original and the desired original with respect to each of the three primary colors of light, and offsetting the tone difference by employing two primary colors, other than the red primary color of light. Since the tone difference is offset by employing the two primary colors, there occurs no degradation in color reproduction of the original as in a case where a cyan filter is inserted between a light source and the original to offset the tone difference, in dependence on the amount of the cyan filter inserted.

Abstract: The improved image forming apparatus with a capability for automatically identifying the type of originals measures the reflected light from an original of interest with at least two sensors for the light of at least one of three primary colors, constructs a discriminant function that makes use of the differences in spectral reflection density between originals and which uses as parameters all the values of measurements obtained or with the higher and lower values being cut off, and automatically identifies the type of the original by discriminating color photographic originals from another type of originals such as color printed originals or black-and-white originals on the basis of the value of said discriminant function. The image forming apparatus may measure the reflected light from the original with sensors for the light of three primary colors and identify a low-density, low-constant original by means of a predetermined discriminant formula.

Abstract: A photocopying system without using an intermediate film is disclosed. In this system, the photo-pressure sensitive sheet and an original are tightly overlapped on a photocopying stage. Scratching scars generated by friction therebetween can be avoided by drive means for changing a distance therebetween. Images on the reverse side of the original can be protected from being duplicated by changing a direction of a light beam. Figure/character images, as well as image trimming, can be arbitrarily photocopied by exposing to a light through display on liquid crystal panel.

Abstract: A density correcting system for a film image reading apparatus which outputs color decomposing signals of film images from an optical system after correcting the signals for density. The density correcting system is provided with density correcting tables corresponding to the individual color decomposing signals. Film image signals are formed by making corrections of the color decomposing signals for density in accordance with the tables.

Abstract: A exposure control process and a photographic color copying apparatus make possible the optimal adaptation of the evaluation of a copy master to the varying spectral sensitivities of different copy materials, without having to change the measuring filters. The measuring light components of each of the basic colors are detected by a wavelength selective detection device in at least two closely adjacent spectral ranges and the resultant measured values combined into prevailing color extract values.

Abstract: A photosensitive material magazine for accommodating a photosensitive material, having an information detecting unit for detecting information for setting exposure condition. The information includes at least a type of photosensitive material and set at an end of the accommodated material and in one of reader members disposed continually from the end thereof, and an output unit for detecting the detected information. The photosensitive material accommodated therein can be specified on the part of a photoprinting device, loaded with a magazine, for printing the material.

Abstract: An additive color light source for professional photographic printing is disclosed. The lamphouse has a closed loop light intensity feedback control system for regulating the light sources within the lamphouse.

Abstract: A color multi-function type copying machine is disclosed which includes an image input unit for optically sensing an input image and generating an image signal. A function memory stores an ink color used in a color frame to be written in the input image in order to designate its partial image region and a specific image edit function assigned to the ink color and desired to be executed by an operator so that the ink color and the specific image edit function can be rewritten. When a closed loop-like color frame of a selected color is written in the input image, a color frame region detecting unit detects a shape and a color of the color frame. In response to the detection result, the memory is accessed to determine an image edit function corresponding to a first selected ink color of the detected color frame. A color edit unit executes one or a plurality of image signal processing corresponding to the determined image edit function for the input image signal.

Abstract: An automatic portraiture printer control system includes a camera system which exposes a frame of a photosensitive medium to an image. At generally the time of exposure, the camera system stores image information associated with each frame exposed in machine readable form. A printer control system analyzes the exposed frame to determine image color density values on a point-by-point basis. The printer control system reads the stored image information and determines proper printing parameters based upon the image information and the image color density values. The image is printed on photographic print paper based upon the printing parameters.

Abstract: In a preferred system a light source provides a light beam which illuminates a film image. A lens is placed in the path of the light beam to focus the image from the film on to a tri-linear color sensor. The length of each of the image sensors and spacing between sensor elements is selected in order to correct for distortions lateral chromatic aberrations in the line scan direction. Longitudinal chromatic aberrations are corrected by tilting the tri-linear sensor in the image plane to align the center of focus for the red, green and blue sensors with the center of focus for the red, green and blue components of the beam, respectively.

Abstract: The improved color image forming apparatus is so designed that the image forming condition computing means having a learning capability, such as a neural network having a back propagation learning algorithm, is caused to learn preliminarily those image forming conditions which are appropriate for the specific type of a documents (e.g. a reflection-type original or a transmission-type original such as a negative film or a reversal film) or the original image carried on the documents such as sea, mountains or a snow scene, examples of such image forming conditions being exposing conditions (e.g. the balance of three primary colors and their densities) and the conditions of developing, fixing and otherwise processing light-sensitive materials, and image is formed on a particular light-sensitive material under the image forming conditions computed by the computing means which has learned said appropriate conditions.

Abstract: A photographic printer has a scanner for calculating a scanner correction quantity by deriving a plurality of characteristic values and a simulator for displaying, on a monitor, an image that is the same as a finished photographic print. While observing the simulated image on the monitor at the time of inspecting an original image, if it is determined that a finished print would become improper, a manual correction quantity is entered upon operation of a correction key. After inspecting the original image, the manual correction quantity as a target value and characteristic values are stored in a memory. Every time one original image has been inspected, or after a predetermined number of original images have been inspected, a plurality of such stored values are read from the memory to form an algorithm for obtaining the scanner correction quantity. For a subsequent original, this new algorithm is used for calculating the scanner correction quantity.

Abstract: The copy originals are scanned photoelectrically by regions and three color densities are determined for each scanning regions. Additionally, using a high resolution scanning system, a detail contrast parameter describing the detail contrast in the scanning region is determined. The detail contrast parameters are evaluated together with the color densities of the scanning regions for the determination of the copy light quantities. In particular, in the correction of densities, scanning regions with higher detail contrasts are considered stronger than those with lower density contrasts, while color corrections are carried out in exactly the opposite manner.

Abstract: An image forming apparatus of a static exposure type uses a static exposure-type optical system to expose a photosensitive sheet to form a latent image thereon such that a visible image is produced from such a latent image. An exposure detector detects the amount of light energy to which the photosensitive sheet is exposed and the exposure of the photosensitive sheet to image forming light is continued by a control device until the cumulative light energy as measured by the exposure detector reaches a preset value.

Abstract: A photographic printer has a zoom lens for printing an image on a photographic film whose frame size is equal to or smaller than 135-size, and also has a beam splitter fitted to the zoom lens. The beam splitter reflects a part of the light passing through the image and directs it toward image sensors for measuring light so as to determine the color correction value and/or inspect the image. The printer also has an interchangeable fixed focus lens for a special print to which the zoom lens is not applicable. When using the fixed focus lens, a movable mirror is used instead of the beam splitter to reflect light toward the image sensors before printing.

Abstract: In a method of setting exposure conditions for three colors in a photographic printer, a difference in density between a previously provided reference print and a test print made from a control negative without exposure correction is corrected, one color at a time, by making an exposure corrected by the use of an exposure correction value which is obtained one color at a time by multiplying the difference in density between the test print and the previously provided reference print by a predetermined correction coefficient. First to fifth test prints are made from a control negative in first to fifth different exposure conditions where corrections are effected for density in the first exposure condition, for density and all of yellow, magenta and cyan, in the second exposure condition, for density and each one of yellow, magenta and cyan in each of the third to fifth exposure conditions.

Abstract: An image frame to be printed is subjected to three color separation and photometry by using three light receiving devices. In order to cancel a photometry error caused by the sensitivity crosstalk of each light receiving device, the measured light amount of each color is subjected to a matrix calculation. The corrected measured light amount by this matrix calculation is converted logarithmically into a measured density. In order to provide a linear relationship between the color correction filter setting position and the measured density, the measured density is converted in a virtual measured density in the linear area. The virtual measured density is corrected by a 3.times.3 matrix calculation to cancel a photometry error caused by unwanted absorption of color correction filters.

Abstract: An image forming apparatus comprises an image forming apparatus body, a media cartridge removably housed in an image forming apparatus body, the media cartridge being provided with a feeding shaft about which a media sheet consisting of a photo and pressure sensitive recording sheet and a leader sheet which are connected to each other at their one end portions is wound, and the leader sheet having an information mark positioned at a distance longer than length L away from a free end thereof for showing characteristics of the photo and pressure sensitive recording sheet, a winding shaft for winding the media sheet fed from the media cartridge, sheet detecting device disposed adjacent the winding shaft, the sheet detecting device being actuated by bringing a leader sheet into contact therewith when the free end of the leader sheet is wound about the winding shaft and mark reading device provided between the media cartridge and the winding shaft at a distance as same as the length L away from the winding shaft,

Abstract: Method and apparatus which utilize an LCD modulator array for printing and/or enlarging an image recorded in a color film negative, a positive transparency or a color print, which LCD modulator array has pixels whose "closing time" (the time it takes to convert a pixel from a condition wherein it transmits radiation to a condition wherein it blocks radiation) is substantially longer than their "opening time" (the time it takes to convert a pixel from a condition wherein it blocks radiation to a condition wherein it transmits radiation). In accordance with the present invention, each pixel of the LCD modulator array is opened and closed in a rapid sequence, one after the other, at intervals which are much shorter than the closing time of the pixels of the LCD modulator array.

Abstract: A photographic printing system for automatically determining an exposure correction value is used in a printer to correct, if necessary, an exposure effected based on large area transmittance densities. The system includes an image sensor disposed between the printer and a data reading device for measuring a number of points of the frame of the photographic film, and outputting density data of the frame accordingly. A data operation unit is provided to calculate exposure correction data for the frame based on the data from the data reader and the sensor.

Abstract: A phase-controlled, multi-color light is disclosed for proofing of colors before a job is run on a printing press. A controlled manipulation of the spectral intensity of red, green and blue light as exposed through various flats produce specific colors in proofing material. The proper exposure parameters or data are keyed into a computerized control which includes a number of printing process memories with each memory accepting a number of flats or films with a specific response for a given printing condition. This permits storage of frequencyly used conditions as well as modifications as desired. The color palette is also operator programmed. With such programming the combining of spectral values will result in a specific combined spectral value to create a specific color in the proof. Because of this procedure only one exposure is required for each of the cyan, magenta, yellow and black exposures to obtain the position and acceptance color proof of the color layout.

Abstract: An exposed and developed photographic filmstrip having a series of image areas is conveyed along a path and is photoelectrically scanned at a first location of the path to detect regions characterized by marked density jumps. A signal is generated in response to detection of each such characteristic region and a first distance measuring device disposed near the first location assigns a first distance reading to each characteristic region upon detection thereof. The first distance readings are representative of the positions of the characteristic regions longitudinally of the filmstrip. Each signal is stored together with the respective first distance reading. The stored signals and first distance readings are used to calculate the positions of the image areas longitudinally of the filmstrip, and the calculated positions are likewise stored. From the first location, the filmstrip travels to a second location of the path where a notch is punched in the filmstrip adjacent to each image area.

Abstract: Prior to copying of a color original, the original is scanned for photometric measurement in order to determine an optimum exposure amount for copying. The exposure amount in copying of a color original is controlled by (a) photometrically measuring a color density on the surface of the original, (b) determining whether or not the difference in color density between two positionally different spots exceeds a predetermined value, thereby determining whether the spots belong to an image region or a background region and extracting at least one of the regions, and (c) determining an exposure amount for subsequent copying based on a characteristic quantity of the extracted region.

Abstract: For a color photosensitive material, a conversion table is created in order to convert three-color separation densities into Densities obtained by monochromatic Exposure (DME), and characteristic curves with respect to the DME's are created. The conversion table is used in order to convert three-color separation densities of respective picture elements of an incorrectly exposed image into DME's corresponding to the respective picture elements. The characteristic curves with respect to the DME's are used in order to convert the DME's corresponding to the respective picture elements of the incorrectly exposed image into DME's which correspond to a correctly exposed image. An image is then reproduced on the basis of the DME's which correspond to a correctly exposed image and which are thus found for the respective picture elements.

Abstract: A photographic enlarger for carrying out a printing operation using exposure data fed directly from an external analyzer by converting the data into suitable exposure data for the enlarger. The enlarger can function efficiently even when a condition of the optical system of the enlarger, for example, the magnification or aperture size, of the optical system, is changed.

Abstract: An exposure determining method. Light is measured with respect to a plurality of portions of film images into which images on films to be subjected to printing are divided, thereby obtaining photometric data. The printing exposure condition for a reference film type is corrected with respect to at least one color selected on the basis of the difference in the three color balance of one of the films to be subjected to printing, from that of the reference film type. The exposure is determined on the basis of the corrected printing exposure condition and on the basis of image densities with respect to three colors which are calculated on the basis of photometric data belonging to a specific color region.

Abstract: A calculation for correcting the exposure of any one of three colors in either a first system or a second system is used to influence the exposures of the other colors in the same system as to determine the exposures. The first system includes a lightsensitive material and an exposure system in which a color mixture is present in the vicinity of at least one boundary of the three colors and which is adapted to effect a calculation for correcting the exposure of the three colors respectively and independently. The second system includes a lightsensitive material and an exposure system in which an amount of color mixture is less than that of said first system and which is adapted to effect a calculation for correcting the exposures of the three colors respectively and independently.

Abstract: A photographic printer, having a monitor for displaying thereon a simulated image of a picture frame of an original film to be printed, includes a printing optical system for forming an optical image of the picture frame to which a photographic paper is exposed so as to create a latent image thereon. An electronci imaging system has an image receiving surface which receives the optical image and converts it into video signals for displaying a simulated image on a screen of the monitor. The electronic imaging system is so disposed as to offset a center of the image receiving surface from an optical axis of the printing optical system, whereby displaying the simulated image of said optical image on the monitor screen leaves an area on the screen for displaying another image.

Abstract: This invention relates to a printing system which makes use of a color exposure determination algorithm. If the printing system permits operator controlled reprinting, then the algorithm's coefficients may be optimized by reprinting negatives using exposures that have been precisely corrected by the operator. This invention teaches that a most efficient way to select the negatives for reprinting is to chose those which lie in two ranges of the "hat" statistic for any or all of the color exposure determination algorithm equations used to make the print. It also teaches how to automatically re-optimize the algorithm coefficients on a periodic basis using data collected automatically during the reprinting operation.

Abstract: A device for reading positional information on photographic films used for reading, when a photographic film is being fed, pieces of positional information provided on the film in a predetermined order and in correspondence with a plurality of image frames recorded on the film in the longitudinal direction thereof. The device is designed to determine whether or not any piece of positional information read has been erroneously read; when it is determined to have been erroneously read, the device selects the correct image frame on the basis of those pieces of positional information for image frames which are adjacent to that piece of positional information determined to have been erroneously read. Thus, even if an error has occurred in the reading of positional information, the subsequent processes need not be interrupted.