Abstract: Compound surfaces of a test object are interferometrically measured by a multi-beam probe. One of two measuring beams emerges from the probe at a fixed angle for measuring one of the compound surfaces, and the other measuring beam emerges from the probe at a variable angle for measuring a plurality of other compound surfaces.

Abstract: A method of producing images of formations surrounding a borehole, comprises: obtaining values of a first parameter in the borehole as a function of depth and azimuth at a first resolution; obtaining values of a second parameter in the borehole as a function of depth only at a second resolution; establishing a relationship between the first and second parameters at a matched resolution; using the relationship to derive values of the second parameter as a function of depth and azimuth; and producing an image of the second parameter as a function of depth and azimuth using the derived values of the second parameter.

Abstract: An inspection apparatus for a base substrate of a multi-layered board irradiates light to the base substrate of a multilayered board to which a protective film is attached. An image of a surface, to which the protective film is attached, is picturized by a camera, so that an acceptability of a state of a via hole is inspected on the basis of a difference between a light reflectivity of the via hole and a light reflectivity of the protective film. The protective film is colored so as to lower its light reflectivity so that the difference between the light reflectivity of the via hole and that of the protective film is clearly generated. Accordingly, on the basis of the image picturized by the camera, the size of the via hole, dusts therein and the acceptability of the via hole can be accurately inspected.

Abstract: A structural member of a mortar projectile is inspected. The structural member is a composite structure having a thermoplastic matrix with a filler of steel balls. The composite structure has a central cavity into which is placed a strobe light. Surrounding the composite structure is a detection arrangement having a detection medium of photographic film. When the strobe light is activated the film is exposed and developed to obtain an image indicative of the distribution of the steel balls in the matrix. The image is analyzed to determine if the structural member is acceptable.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method for processing a signal obtain, from an in situ reformer tube inspection, that includes X, Y, and intensity data sets for each pixel of a sensor from an image sensor receiving a substantially ring shaped image. The method converts a signal having an X position, a Y position, and an intensity component to a signal having an angle, a radius, and an intensity and filtering out all signal sets that do not have a radius greater than a predetermined radius.

Abstract: A reconfigurable inspection apparatus for inspecting a surface finish of a cylinder bore or other machined surface. The apparatus may include a reconfigurable multi-spindle apparatus supporting a plurality of inspection probes. Each probe may include a laser that directs a laser beam perpendicularly to the machined surface, and a detector positioned at an angle to the laser beam to detect scattered laser light from the surface. The probe may also include a computer system including software that compares the detected scattered light to a scattered light signature from a first-type finishing mark and to a scattered light signature from a second-type finishing mark and determines a condition of the surface finish.

Abstract: In order to provide a burr examination sensor device for the examination of burrs on a workpiece which can be used universally it is suggested that this comprise at least one distance sensor with a detector head, wherein the detector head can be positioned at a distance to the workpiece and detector head and workpiece are movable relative to one another and wherein the detector head can be coupled electromagnetically to the workpiece or the workpiece can be acted upon by it with an electromagnetic signal and the coupling to the workpiece or an electromagnetic reaction signal of the workpiece to the impinging signal are dependent on a distance between detector head and workpiece so that this distance can be determined without any contact and a workpiece surface can be scanned by the detector head without any contact.

Abstract: A rock fragmentation analysis system is provided for analyzing blasted rock (or other fragmented particles) to assess quality of a blast for efficient processing of subsequent operations in a mine, a quarry, etc. The system includes a hardware system and an image processing system. The hardware system includes a camera and a lighting system. The lighting system illuminates an area of the mine, quarry, etc. where a load haul dump (LHD) vehicle passes through. Once the LHD vehicle passes through the illuminated area, the camera provides video signals of scoop-top view images of the LHD vehicle to the image processing system via known communication means, such as hard-wired and wireless. The image processing system receives the video signals, captures the scoop-top view images, evaluates the images for subsequent fragmentation analysis, and performs the rock fragmentation analysis. The image processing system performs these functions using several software modules.

Abstract: The apparatus and method of the present invention provide a quick, simple and accurate manner in which to measure the dimensions or characteristics of a hole without contacting the hole. The apparatus and method of the present invention also automatically detect different materials defining the hole and, therefore, the location of the interface where the materials meet. To measure the characteristics of the hole, the apparatus and method measure the intensities of the light reflected off the hole wall. In addition, the light directed toward the hole wall by the optical fiber may be of the type, such as collimated or focused, to provide distinct reflections that are received and measured by the optical receiver to supply accurate measurements of the hole characteristics.

Abstract: A process for maintaining an area using a non-invasive inspection device, the inspection device comprising at least: an imaging system having an adjustable field of view and an imaging device for transmitting an electrical signal corresponding to an area within the field of view; a portable support system operatively connected to the imaging system and adapted to provide functional support to the imaging system; and a positioning system connected to the imaging system and adapted for moving the imaging system independently of the portable support system; the process comprising: (a) positioning the imaging system independently of the support system such that a target area is in the field of view while at a first magnification level; (b) imaging a the target area at a second magnification level greater than the first magnification level; (c) outputting an image of the target area; (d) evaluating the image to determine whether the target area is acceptable or whether an invasive procedure needs to be performed;

Abstract: A fiber optic wafer probe that includes a fiber optic cable for approaching a device under test.

Abstract: An optical measuring device includes a 3-D measuring set-up for measuring the shapes of test object surfaces in three dimensions, and projection optics including an objective optics, the test object being illuminated by a light source via an illuminating beam using an illuminating optics. A rapid, highly resolving measurement of surface shapes which are nearly radially symmetric is provided by configuring the objective optics as image-flattening optics for covering (measuring) and flattening a curved surface area or as panoramic optics for measuring a radially symmetric surface area that encircles 360°.

Abstract: An interferometric measuring device includes a reference arm having a reference surface and a measuring arm having lighting optics for deflecting measuring light onto a measuring surface of an object to be measured, and having an image recorder connected to an analyzing device. A rapid, simple measurement with a rugged design of the measuring device may be achieved by configuring the lighting optics as a light guide body insertable into a cavity in the object to be measured, having a peripheral, radially symmetrical effective reflex surface directed radially or obliquely outward, and also including at least one deflector surface deflecting the measuring light onto same.

Abstract: A hole inspection system having a light source emitting light over its length and a multi-axes machine having a camera mounted thereon. After the light source is inserted into a cavity intersecting the complex holes, a control commands the multi-axes machine to move the camera to an inspection position associated with one of the complex holes. The control processes substantially only light intensity values received from the camera that represent light shining through the one of the complex holes. Next, a maximum intensity value of light received by the camera from the one of the complex holes is determined. The maximum intensity value is compared to a threshold value, and error data is created that identifies the one of the complex holes in response to the maximum intensity value being less than the threshold value.

Abstract: The invention relates to a device for monitoring the combustion processes occurring in the combustion chamber of an internal combustion engine, which comprises a housing (1), which may be built into the wall of the combustion chamber, with a measuring sect-on which extends to the combustion chamber and with a number of drillings (3), which extend along the longitudinal axis of the housing, in each of which an optical guide (2) is arranged. A first end of an optical guide, lying at the first end of the drilling, receives light from inside the combustion chamber and a second end of said optical guide is linked to an opto-electronic analyzer. The drillings have an end section (3A), adjacent to the combustion chamber, which extend out of the housing, through an outer surface of the measuring section, at an angle (?) to the longitudinal axis of the housing.

Abstract: A method for checking bores in or edges on an object of measurement, and in particular for recognizing burrs. A prepared object of reference is scanned with a distance sensor in correlation with scanning the prepared object of reference with another distance sensor. The measurement signals of the two distance sensors are then compared.

Abstract: A bore-scope device having a blue light source for leak detection and a white light source.

Abstract: The upper end of an elongate, rigid, mirror supporting arm is releasably secured at its upper end to an orientation ring, which is removably and rotatably mounted on the lower, cylindrically shaped end of the objective lens housing of an optical autofocus measurement system. The arm extends at its lower end beneath the housing and has secured thereon a mirror which is spaced beneath the housing, and lies in a plane that intersects and is inclined relative to the optical axis of the optical system contained in the housing. The mirror faces the surface of an object disposed in an object plane spaced laterally from the optical axis of the lens system, so that the system is focused along a supplemental optical axis which is inclined to, and intersects, the optical axis of the system in the housing. Images of the object in the offset object plane are therefore projected along the supplemental axis and then from the mirror to the optical system along its optical axis.

Abstract: A technoscope for examining surfaces in confined spaces includes a shank on whose distal end a pivotable arm with a measuring device is arranged, which may be pivoted from a first position in which the arm extends in the longitudinal direction of the shank into a second position in which the arm extends bent at an angle to the longitudinal axis of the shank.

Abstract: A method and a device for measuring wear on the internal surfaces (12) of barrels (1), in particular weapon barrels. For a very precise determination of the wear on the internal surfaces (12) of barrels (1), a non-contacting scanning of the internal surface (12) of the respective barrel (1) to be checked is carried out with a light-spot triangulation sensor (6), to determine the respective distance between the internal surface (12) and the barrel axis (7) for selected sensor positions. The contour of the internal surface (12) of the respective barrel (1) is then determined from the detected distance changes. It has proven advantageous if the measured distance values are displayed on a monitor (23) in the form of a C-image, wherein different distance ranges are characterized with different colors, so that faulty surface areas can immediately be recognized optically.

Abstract: A method for inspecting a reformer tube for chemical processing for damage such as creep and metal dusting. The method includes the steps of focusing a coherent light beam onto an interior of a tube or piping and detecting at least a portion of a reflection of the light beam from the tubing by converting the detected light beam into an electrical signal and the processing of the electrical signal to determine a radius of tube under-going in situ inspection.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a system and method for in situ inspection of optical ports for occlusions that might impede an optical signal. The present invention utilizes a mini-borescope of the type having a borescope insertion tube of less that two millimeters in diameter. The mini-borescope may utilize a video camera for capturing images of the target and adjustably magnifies the target image for display. In addition, one of a plurality of component type borescope-to-optical port adapters is coupled to the mini-borescope insertion tube. Each particular type borescope-to-optical port adapter allows the insertion tube to be inserted and aligned to a corresponding type of optical component, for instance if the BOPA is an SC-type male connector, then the insertion tube will be readily accepted by an SC-type female adapter. Also included in the BOPA is a protective sleeve that surrounds a portion of the mini-borescope insertion tube.

Abstract: A device for inspecting solder connections between a component and a substrate or between two components or substrates, wherein the component is disposed upon the surface of the substrate, the device including an image receiving unit. An image transmitting device, the image transmitting device including a first end and a second end, the first end coupled to the image receiving unit. A tip assembly removably coupled to the second end of the image transmitting device, the tip assembly further including a mirror and an image receiving aperture, the tip assembly configured to transmit an image of the solder connections received by the mirror, through the image transmitting device, to the image receiving unit, and an illumination device, the illumination device including a light source, at least one light transmitting device, and at least one light emitting aperture disposed adjacent the image receiving aperture, the light emitting aperture directed towards the solder connections to be inspected.

Abstract: A process for maintaining an area using a non-invasive inspection device, the inspection device comprising at least: an imaging system having an adjustable field of view and an imaging device for transmitting an electrical signal corresponding to an area within the field of view; a portable support system operatively connected to the imaging system and adapted to provide functional support to the imaging system; and a positioning system connected to the imaging system and adapted for moving the imaging system independently of the portable support system; the process comprising: (a) positioning the imaging system independently of the support system such that a target area is in the field of view while at a first magnification level; (b) imaging a the target area at a second magnification level greater than the first magnification level; (c) outputting an image of the target area; (d) evaluating the image to determine whether the target area is acceptable or whether an invasive procedure needs to be performed;

Abstract: Disclosed are apparatus and methods for characterizing a potential defect of a semiconductor structure. A charged particle beam is scanned over a structure which has a potential defect. X-rays are detected from the scanned structure. The X-rays are in response to the charged particle beam being scanned over the structure. The potential defect of the scanned structure is characterized based on the detected X-rays. For example, it may be determined whether a potentially defective via has a SiO2 plug defect by comparing an X-ray count ratio of oxygen over silicon of the defective via with an X-ray count ratio of a known defect-free reference via. If the defective via has a relatively high ratio (more oxygen than silicon) as compared to the reference via, then it may be determined that a SiO2 plug defect is present within the defective via. Otherwise, the via may be defmed as having a different type of defect (e.g., not a SiO2 plug defect) or defined resulting in a “false” defect.

Abstract: The invention concerns a method for obtaining geometrical data relating to the internal surface of the ear canal and/or ear whereby a probe having a light emitting distal portion is inserted into the ear canal, the method further comprising the steps of: directing light from a distal portion of a probe to illuminate at least one point of the internal circumferential surface of the ear and/or ear canal, receiving the light reflected from the illuminated surface, and directing the received light to at least one light sensitive element to generate an output, analyzing the output to determine the distance from the probe to the internal surface of the ear and/or ear canal at points of the circumference. The invention also relates to an apparatus for obtaining geometrical data relating to the internal surface of ear and ear canal.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method for processing a signal obtain, from an in situ reformer tube inspection, that includes X, Y, and intensity data sets for each pixel of a sensor from an image sensor receiving a substantially ring shaped image. The method converts a signal having an X position, a Y position, and an intensity component to a signal having an angle, a radius, and an intensity and filtering out all signal sets that do not have a radius greater than a predetermined radius.

Abstract: A test and measurement system to assess performance characteristics of an endoscope or other optically based diagnostic or treatment devices. The performance characteristics can include the photometric characteristics, the imaging characteristics and the physical characteristics of the structural elements including mechanical, pneumatic and fluidic systems. The system comprises software and related devices for calibrating the measurement devices, collecting and controlling measurements, analyzing measurements and comparing them to established performance criteria. The system also analyzes previous measurements and provides analysis and reports to assess trends and plan for replacement or servicing.

Abstract: A method of inspecting district heating pipes consists in introducing into the pipe a vehicle including an uninflated balloon and a pulley in which a cable is inserted. The vehicle is immobilized in the pipe by inflating the balloon. A sensor is moved in the pipe by fixing it to one end of the cable and pulling on the other end of the cable to move the sensor toward the immobilized vehicle in order to inspect the pipe. The vehicle includes a parachute and is propelled in the pipe by introducing into the pipe a fluid under pressure that acts on the parachute. The balloon is deflated when the sensor reaches the vehicle immobilized in the pipe. The vehicle and the sensor are withdrawn from the pipe by pulling on the end of the cable so that the inspection is carried out during the return travel of the vehicle and the sensor. With this method, the inspection can be carried out with access from only one end of the pipe.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method of obtaining a developed two-dimensional image of the wall of a borehole. The method comprises the steps consisting in: measuring a primary physical magnitude in said borehole as a function both of depth and of azimuth; measuring a secondary physical magnitude in said borehole as a function of depth; establishing a relationship (ƒ) between said primary physical magnitude and said secondary physical magnitude; and deducing from said relationship values for said secondary physical magnitude as a function both of depth and of azimuth, which method makes it possible to reconstruct a two-dimensional image developed over the wall of a borehole concerning a secondary physical magnitude which is measured in said borehole as a function of depth only. The invention is particularly applicable to density imaging.

Abstract: An emissivity probe for measuring reflected energy from interior wall surfaces of large scale boilers. The emissivity probe uses a pair of light guides which respectively receive light energy from the interior of the boiler and that reflected off a wall surface. Using appropriate photo detectors sensitive to a desired light wavelength range, a ratio of the reflected and incident radiation is provided. This provides a measure of the reflectivity of the wall surface. The reflectivity values are used to control boiler cleaning systems.

Abstract: An apparatus and method are disclosed for scanning and detecting defects in sewer and similar pipelines that eliminate the need to stop and pan-and-tilt areas of concern. In the method of the invention, a pipeline (15) inspection probe (10) of the apparatus of the invention comprising a CCD camera (14) with fish-eye lens (12) travels through the pipeline (15) on a self-propelled tractor automatically collecting data and transmitting it to a computer to provide a real-time display of the pipeline (15) interior with quasi three-dimensional information for effective and quick data analysis and management. The data includes digitized forward views and unfolded 360 degree laid-flat side-san (22) views of the pipeline (15) interior. Additionally, the digitized data may be stored for further analysis, tabulation, and for use with pipeline infrastructure maintenance software.

Abstract: An optical apparatus for clearly viewing the interior of a containment vessel by applying a transpiration fluid to a volume directly in front of the external surface of the optical element of the optical apparatus. The fluid is provided by an external source and transported by means of an annular tube to a capped end region where the inner tube is perforated. The perforation allows the fluid to stream axially towards the center of the inner tube and then axially away from an optical element which is positioned in the inner tube just prior to the porous sleeve. This arrangement draws any contaminants away from the optical element keeping it free of contaminants. In one of several embodiments, the optical element can be a lens, a viewing port or a laser, and the external source can provide a transpiration fluid having either steady properties or time varying properties.

Abstract: A method for measuring the depth of a subject trench includes the steps of forming on a substrate a plurality of measurement trenches having different widths aj (ai<aj+1, i=1, 2, . . . , n) and a depth equal to the depth d0 of the subject trench, irradiating the measurement trenches with a parallel ray at an incidence angle of &thgr; with respect to the substrate surface while detecting the reflected ray from the substrate, separating the measurement trenches into a first group providing dark images and a second group providing bright images, and calculating a range for the depth d0 by using a largest width ak of the measurement trenches in the first group and a smallest width ak+1 of the measurement trenches in the second group based on the following relationship: (ak/2)tan &thgr;<d0≦(ak+1/2)tan &thgr;.

Abstract: An endoscope for inspection of an observation cavity, in particular of an observation cavity in which a hot medium and/or infrared radiation is present, has a shaft in which an optical system is arranged. The shaft has an inner shaft and an outer shaft surrounding the latter at a distance, the optical system being arranged in the inner shaft. The shaft is configured in the region of its distal end in such a way that it is substantially opaque to electromagnetic radiation in the infrared spectral range.

Abstract: A device for remote detection of surface flaws in enclosed cavities that have been treated with a photoluminescent medium. The device has a non-rotating ultraviolet radiation source, an offset rotary drive means, a passive rotary scanning means that includes a plurality of lenses, reflectors and an optical filter, a non-rotating solid-state photodiode, and support electronic circuitry. Ultraviolet radiation from the illumination source is projected onto the test-part surface and causes dye penetrant that has been previously deposited onto the test-part surface to fluoresce at a different wavelength, thus revealing the presence of surface cracks and flaws. The receiving lenses capture the fluorescent light and project it onto the photodiode, which generates a series of electrical pulses that correspond to the presence of surface flaws. By encoding the linear and angular position of the scanning means, an accurate and quantitative map of the flaw pattern can be constructed.

Abstract: A system for securing image data of an environment including a camera having a panoramic lens mounted on a cart. In one embodiment, the motor mounted on the cart is battery operated so that the cart is self contained. In one embodiment, the cart is mounted on a pair of caterpillar treads, each tread having its own motor controlled to drive the motor forward, backward or to turn. For inline inspection, such as the inside of a pipe, the camera is mounted on the cart by cantilevered legs that permit adjusting the height of the camera above the surface supporting the cart (the interior surface of the pipe and maintains the axis of the panoramic lens parallel with the pipe. In other versions, the cart is equipped to form images of pipe whose interior surface has been penetrated by phospohescent laced water that weeps from outside the pipe into the pipe interior.

Abstract: A remote inspection device for the inspection of the tubesheet in-bundle region of a steam generator. The device includes a rail system that is easily and quickly mounted to the end of tube at an in-bundle region of a steam generator, a carriage movable on the rail system for feeding at flexible, tape-like wand into the tube, and a probe mounted on an end of the flexible, tape-like wand for performing the inspection operation. The flexible, tape-like wand, which is composed of a flexible metal alloy, has a non-circular center section forming a channel for receiving cabling for the probe and opposed flat, wings on either side of the non-circular center section. Each wing has a row of feed holes positioned remote from the center section that provide engagement with a feed wheel of the carriage.

Abstract: A system and method for ascertaining blockage of one or more stencil apertures is provided. An analysis of pixels in an image of the stencil region that includes the aperture is made that includes determining the relative grayscale intensity of pixels acquired from the clean stencil and also the variance among nearby pixels. The grayscale and variance values for each pixel are combined to form a series of histogram groupings or bins, based upon levels. These values are used to compute parameters that represent how the apertures appear under the lighting conditions used to acquire the image, thereby allowing the informing of a decision function that estimates the probability that a given pixel represents unblocked aperture rather than solder paste.

Abstract: Picture noise in a CCD video probe is reduced by producing a faithful reproduction of a reset-gate signal received from a timing generator to an imager by using a cable compensator network. The network contains an RLC circuit which corrects the relative amplitude and phase of the various frequency components of the reset-gate signal. The precise values of the components in the RLC circuit are selected according to the attenuation and distortion characteristics of the coaxial cable connecting the drive electronics assembly from the imager assembly.

Abstract: An instrument for the inspection of well bores includes an improved light source contained within the same pressure barrel as the camera. A low power lamp is disposed within an elliptical-shaped reflector that reflects the lamp light to a focal point distal of the reflector. Optical fibers are disposed at that focal point and conduct the light received from the lamp to form an array of light sources disposed about the camera. An annular window disposed in the line of illumination of the array of light sources directs the illumination into the field of view of the camera. The light source arrangement provides an unobstructed and illuminated field of view for the camera. Because of the increased efficiency of the light source that includes the described elliptical reflector, a self-contained power system may be used in the instrument thereby resulting in a much smaller support cable for the instrument with the ability to inspect much smaller boreholes. Standard size batteries may be used in the power system.

Abstract: An apparatus and method for performing an operation on a workpiece at an inaccessible location are described. The apparatus includes a tube with proximal and distal ends, the distal end being insertable in use into an inaccessible location. A head is flexibly coupled to the distal end of the tube and can be moved relative to the tube by control means. Laser energy can be transmitted through the tube and out of the head. The apparatus includes viewing means for gathering and displaying an image of the workpiece and tracking means operable to identify and record the position of one or more selected points of the workpiece. A processor is provided to actuate the control means so as to move the head to direct the laser energy to the selected point or points of a workpiece and to control the laser so as to perform the desired operation on the workpiece.

Abstract: A system comprises: (a) an imaging system having an imaging device for transmitting an electrical signal corresponding to an area being imaged, and magnification functionality adapted to magnify the imaged area; (b) a portable support system for supporting the imaging system having a power supply for supplying power to the imaging system, at least one controller for controlling the zooming functionality of the imaging device, and an image output device; and (c) a positioning system for positioning the imaging system independently of the support system; and a method of using the same which comprising: (a) positioning the imaging system independently of the support system such that a target area is in the field of view of said imaging system while at a first magnification level; (b) imaging the area at a second magnification level greater than the first magnification level; and (c) outputting an image of the area.

Abstract: The method for in situ inspection includes providing a pair of adjacent impingement sleeves forming part of a combustor. A robotic inspection tool carrying an inspection head is inserted through an opening in the outer casing of the gas turbine and manipulated to locate the inspection head between the adjacent impingement sleeves. After inspecting the exterior surface of an impingement sleeve, the inspection tool is withdrawn from the casing. Additionally, a transition piece body forming part of a combustor is inspected by securing a robotic manipulator to an open end of the combustion casing, locating an inspection head on an inspection arm of the manipulator and manipulating the arm to locate the inspection head to inspect interior wall portions of the transition body by displacing the head axially and radially toward wall portions of the transition body.

Abstract: An endoscope for inspection of an observation cavity, in particular of an observation cavity in which a hot medium and/or infrared radiation is present, has a shaft in which an optical system is arranged. The shaft has an inner shaft and an outer shaft surrounding the latter at a distance, the optical system being arranged in the inner shaft. The shaft is configured in the region of its distal end in such a way that it is substantially opaque to electromagnetic radiation in the infrared spectral range.

Abstract: An apparatus for measuring a depth and a gradient of a trench in a semiconductor device including: a light emitting element for making a light incident on a wafer while varying an incident angle, the wafer having a trench structure carried by a test sample carrying unit; a detect unit for detecting a light reflected from the wafer at a position symmetrical to the light emitting element on the basis of a virtual vertical line perpendicular to the wafer; a photoelectric conversion unit for converting an intensity of a light detected by the detect unit to an electric signal; an operating unit for receiving an output signal from the photoelectric conversion unit, catching a time point where the size of the received signal is increased or maintained, computing a depth of the trench by using a critical angle, that is, an incident angle where the incident light is reflected from the central portion of a lower surface of the trench, and judging the time point when the increasing output signal of the photoelectric con

Abstract: A device for inspecting surfaces includes a beam splitter which couples out, from an input radiation a first measuring radiation and a second measuring radiation. Both measuring radiations exhibit different properties. A first exemplary embodiment makes provision for the different property to be achieved by different polarization planes. Another exemplary embodiment makes provision for the different properties to be achieved by different wavelengths. The measuring radiations reflected by the surfaces are brought together by the beam splitter to form an output radiation which is fed to an optical receiving device. The device according to the present invention is mainly suited for inspecting surfaces in bores, especially, in blind-end bores.

Abstract: Three-dimensional endoscopic measurements are made by adding an array of reference target points to the scene viewed by an endoscopic camera and characterizing the image formed by the camera when it views the scene from two or more viewing positions. Methods and apparatus are taught which allow one to make accurate measurements with any endoscope, without requiring any modification to the endoscope. Under certain circumstances, the measurements can be made without any pre-calibration of the endoscopic camera. A general measurement reference apparatus comprises a reference target array which is placed near to and fixed with respect to an object of interest inside an enclosure by means of a reference array holding apparatus and a reference array insertion apparatus. This measurement reference apparatus can be used to make either perspective dimensional measurements or to make conventional photogrammetric measurements of the object of interest.

Abstract: An optical system has an extended boresight source including a boresight light source that produces a light beam, a condenser lens that receives the light beam from the boresight light source, a spatial light integrator that receives the light beam from the condenser and mixes the light beam to reduce its spatial inhomogeneities, a constriction through which the light beam from the spatial light integrator is directed, and a collimator that receives the light beam which passes through the constriction and outputs a boresight light beam. The boresight light beam is typically provided to a sensor imager that uses the boresight light beam to establish its centroid.

Abstract: An improved method to detect water influx using video monitoring of a cased wellbore is disclosed. A wireline well tool having a video camera and a light source is lowered into a selected borehole interval where water influx is suspected. The borehole fluid over the selected interval is displaced and replaced with either a water transparent mixture containing a viscosifying agent, a coloring agent and/or sufficient salt to increase mixture density; or a transparent water insoluble solvent. By use of either of these displacement fluids, the quality of video monitoring over the selected borehole interval for water influx, is enhanced.