Abstract: A method for color shade matching obtains a 3D tooth surface representation using an intraoral scanner wherein the 3D tooth surface representation comprises surface data and a spatially resolved angular distribution of color vectors, wherein the spatially resolved angular distribution of color vectors associates one or more point positions from the surface data to the corresponding angular distribution of color vectors. The method identifies one or more shade values, where each shade value is associated with one angular distribution of color vectors from the spatially resolved angular distribution of color vectors, by comparing the angular distribution of color vectors to a set of reference angular distributions of color vectors, wherein each reference angular distribution in the set is associated with a corresponding shade value. The method displays, stores, or transmits the surface data with an indication of the one or more shade values.

Abstract: A computer-implemented method evaluates which of a set of reference indicators has colour attributes closest to those of an object. Each respective reference indicator has different colour attributes. The method comprises determining a colour relationship between the object and at least one reference indicator of a first type by analysing a plurality of image portions, each comprising at least part of the object and at least one reference indicator of the first type placed directly on the object. The image portions each have different lighting characteristics. The method also comprises comparing the determined colour relationship to known colour relationships associated with the at least one reference indicator, each known colour relationship representing a relationship between the reference indicator and another reference indicator of the set, to identify which reference indicator of the set has colour attributes closest to those of the object.

Abstract: A method for analyzing a dipstick using a smartphone is provided herein. The method includes: capturing an image containing: a dipstick having colored test reagents, and a color board having a grid of grey patches and a plurality of reference color patches; deriving, based on the grid, local illumination parameters associated with the colored test reagents and the plurality of reference color patches; determining whether illumination parameters are sufficient for interpreting the colored test reagent; in a case the illumination parameters are insufficient, notifying a user that an interpretation of the colored test reagents is not possible, otherwise, applying one or more image enhancement operation to the captured image, based on an analysis of the grid of grey patches, to yield enhanced reference color patches; and interpreting the one or more colored test reagents, by projecting the colored test reagents onto a vector of the enhanced reference color patches.

Abstract: A method for printing on an inkjet printing machine including color space transformation between target and process color spaces using a computer, includes calibrating the machine by printing and colorimetrically measuring a process color space test chart for printing in the target color space including printing-operation-related limitations in the applied ink amount. The generated measured values correspond to sampling points in the measured target color space. The sampling points are interpolated to define further sampling points. The color space transformation uses sampling points in the target color space and input values from the chart in the process color space corresponding to sampling points in the target color space. The physical variable of ink drop volume is directly used for ink application limitations and input values in the process color space. The calibration of the machine is adapted and the printing operation is carried out.

Abstract: An image forming system includes: an image forming apparatus; and an image reading apparatus that reads an image, wherein temperature correction patches with the same color are formed at a reference position and a comparison position, the image reading apparatus includes: a scanner that reads respective colors of the temperature correction patches at the reference position and at the comparison position; and a colorimeter that performs colorimetry to the temperature correction patch at the reference position, the image forming apparatus includes: a detector that detects a temperature of the temperature correction patch at the reference position; a first calculator that calculates a color difference of color values of the temperature correction patches at the reference position and at the comparison position; and a second calculator that calculates a temperature distribution, and as a temperature difference between a first position and a second position increases, the color difference increases.

Abstract: A color patch generation apparatus includes a printing unit that prints color patches for first color space acquisition in a certain region of a plurality of sheets of paper by a certain number of patches and in a certain patch size, and prints color patches for second color space acquisition in a region different from the certain region of at least one of the plurality of sheets of paper by a certain number of patches and in a patch size smaller than the certain patch size.

Abstract: A method and system for automated visual analysis of a dipstick using standard user equipment (UE) are disclosed herein.

Abstract: The disclosed automatic calibration systems and methods provide a repeatable way to detect internal catheter reflections and to shift the internal catheter reflections to calibrate an image.

Abstract: A method of deriving correction for instrument-to-instrument variations in the illumination band centroid wavelengths and wavelength band shapes of the optical systems of clinical chemistry instruments includes the steps of determining the centroid wavelength and wavelength band shape of a light source used in the optical system of a clinical chemistry instrument to provide a determined wavelength band shape and centroid wavelength, comparing the determined wavelength band shape and centroid wavelength with a known reflection density or absorbance wavelength spectrum of a specific type of chemical reagent test to provide a correction value, and calculating the correction value, which is to be used to modify a reflection density or absorbance measurement taken by the instrument of a reagent test of the a specific type of chemical reagent test.

Abstract: A color wheel module and a projector apparatus using the same are disclosed. The color wheel module has a driving device, a polarity of color filters and a switching device. The color filters are disposed on and driven by a rotary axle of the driving device. The switching device is disposed on the side of the driving device. The driving device is capable of rotating the rotary axle and driving the color filters of the color wheel module. While the projector apparatus is in a planar image mode, a lock rod of the switching device will lock the rotary axle of the driving device to stop the operation of the driving device. While the projector apparatus is in a stereoscopic mode, the lock rod will release the axle so that the driving device is turned to drive the color filters.

Abstract: A testing box for testing light sources, the testing box comprising: an enclosure comprising an opening for receiving a light source; a sensor of a light property for light emitted inside the enclosure; and a comparator of the light property sensed by the sensor and a shifted test box boundary for the light property, wherein the shifted test box boundary is based on a correlation between a measured light property of a test light source in an integrating sphere and a measured light property of the test light source in the testing box.

Abstract: Scanner, method or computer program product, arranged to sense media color information, store predetermined color values of preselected non-printed media and storing corresponding color profiles adapted for the respective preselected media, and process sensed color values, compare a sensed color value with the predetermined color values, and select one of said color profiles based on the comparison.

Abstract: There is provided a database storing reference data including a plurality of reference image data, which are obtained by imaging reference substrates, respectively, wherein each of the reference substrates lacks only one of the films of different kinds but includes remainder of the films of different kinds, and wherein in the reference substrates the lacking films are different from each other, and wherein the plurality of reference image data is classified into categories according to the kinds of the films. Difference degrees between color information of a defect area extracted from an image data of an inspection target substrate and color information of corresponding areas of the reference substrates are calculated. Based on the difference degree, the defective film is identified.

Abstract: One particular implementation of the present invention may involve a method for creating a color sample that provides a first color under white light and a second color under UV or black light. In general, the first color and second color may each include a perceived hue and value (shade and tint). However, the second color may also include a luminous effect under the UV light. In some implementations, the hue and value of the first color and the second color may be the same such that the difference between the first color and the second color is a luminous effect of the color sample under the black light. In another implementation, the hue and value of the first color and the second color may differ, such that the color scheme appears as one color under white light and glows a separate color under black light.

Abstract: An apparatus for obtaining images of a tooth comprises at least one image sensor disposed along an optical axis to take polarized reflectance image and fluorescence image, at least one broadband illumination apparatus for reflectance imaging, and a narrow-band ultraviolet illumination apparatus for fluorescence imaging. In order to remove the specular reflection, one or more polarization elements are disposed along the optical axis. A filter is disposed along the optical axis to block narrow-band ultraviolet light, and a switch for selecting one of the operation modes.

Abstract: A fluorescent color calibrator for calibrating RGB pixel values is provided. The fluorescent color calibrator includes a plurality of fluorogenic compounds adapted to fluoresce in a visible color spectrum; and a second plurality of fluorogenic compounds adapted to fluoresce in multiple visible gray spectrums. Also provided is a method for using the fluorescent color calibrator to standardize fluorescent colors when viewing with an RGB monitor.

Abstract: Method for approximating the spectrum of a plurality of color samples, the method including the procedures of measuring the color of a reference color sample in a color space, determining a reference sample estimated spectrum from the measured color, measuring the actual spectrum of the reference color sample, determining a spectral delta from the difference between the reference sample estimated spectrum and the actual spectrum, measuring the color of each of the color samples, for each of the color samples, determining a sample estimated spectrum from the measured color, and for each of the color samples, determining a sample approximated spectrum by adding the spectral delta to the respective sample estimated spectrum.

Abstract: A method for detecting differences between physically measurable properties of a sample and a reference sample. A two-dimensional reference field is generated and first and second two-dimensional patterns are produced respectively from the reference sample and the sample. A correction is made to sample response functions to eliminate time-dependent and location-dependent fluctuations of the detector.

Abstract: A field deployable optical assembly for use in testing a light-responsive sample is disclosed. The assembly includes a microfluidic device, a first optical package, and a second optical package. The first optical package includes a light emitting diode (LED), a first optical device, and a first light-path control, the first optical package configured to guide and focus light from the LED onto the sample. The microfluidic device includes a tethered control substance. In response to a substance within the sample being associated with, and attaching to, the tethered control, the sample emits light. The second optical package includes a photo sensor, a second optical device, and a second light-path control, the second optical package configured to guide and focus the light emitted from the sample onto the photo sensor.

Abstract: One aspect of the disclosure is directed to a calibration system. The calibration system includes an imaging device including a predetermined print engine capable of being calibrated and a calibration sheet. The calibration sheet includes at least one visible calibration reference region including a given mix of pre-selected reference colorants printed in the calibration reference region on the calibration sheet. The pre-selected reference colorants have been previously printed on the printable calibration sheet using a different imaging device that is different than the given imaging device and that has the same print engine as the given imaging device. The calibration sheet includes freshly printable target regions on the calibration sheet. The given imaging device is configured to enter into the calibration mode, wherein the given imaging device is configured to freshly print a mix of colorants corresponding to the pre-selected reference colorants onto at least one of the target regions.

Abstract: There is provided a film measuring device capable of accurately and easily measuring the thickness of a microporous film formed on a battery electrode plate over the entire area of the film. A color CCD sensor 8 shoots the microporous film. A video board 11 converts a color tone of a color image signal obtained by the image pickup into gradation data of respective color components of RGB. After the data conversion, an image processing board 12 extracts line images of the respective color components. A calculator 14 obtains the thickness of the microporous film by referring to pre-measured film thickness reference values corresponding to the gradation data of the green or blue color component, which are stored in a table storage 13 as reference thickness table data, using the gradation data of the line image of the green color component or the blue color component as lookup data.

Abstract: The present disclosure includes a number of method, medium, and apparatus claims utilized for color sensor performance. One method includes determining performance of a color sensor, which can be performed by measuring a color parameter intensity and reflectance spectral power distribution of a particular type of print medium with a color sensing utility of a print apparatus. The method also can include detecting a magnitude of a difference between the measured color parameter intensity and reflectance spectral power distribution of the particular type of print medium and a predetermined intensity and reflectance spectral power distribution of the color parameter of the particular type of print medium, where the predetermined intensity and reflectance spectral power distribution is stored in memory.

Abstract: To determine the spectra of objects that have different degrees of fluorescence, a plurality of reference databases are provided, each reference database being suited to a different degree of fluorescence. A most appropriate one of the reference databases is selected based on a predicted degree of fluorescence of an object for which a reflectance spectrum is to be determined. The prediction of the degree of fluorescence may be based on user input, or may be predicted by using a priori information, such as a priori knowledge of media types.

Abstract: A method for detecting differences between physically measurable properties of a sample and a reference sample. A two-dimensional reference field is generated and first and second two-dimensional patterns are produced respectively from the reference sample and the sample. A correction is made to sample response functions to eliminate time-dependent and location-dependent fluctuations of the detector.

Abstract: A calibration system includes a printer capable of being calibrated and a printable calibration sheet. The printable calibration sheet includes at least one calibration reference segment printed on the sheet and one or more defined printing spaces on the sheet. The at least one calibration reference segment includes one or more pre-selected colorants on the printable sheet. The one or more defined printing spaces are adjacent to the at least one calibration reference segment. The one or more defined printing spaces are arranged to accept printing of a color pattern from a printer under calibration.

Abstract: Disclosed herein are systems and methods for measuring color and contrast in specular reflective devices such as interferometric modulators. To make color and contrast determinations, light reflected from a specular reflective device may be measured in-line with illumination of the device. The measurements may include measuring the spectra of light reflected from the device being tested as well as from specular bright and dark standards. The spectra may be used to determine a reflectance spectrum and color parameters for the specular reflective device.

Abstract: A standard plane sample which supplies an optical characteristic measuring device with reference data. The standard plane sample including a sample portion that is measured by the optical characteristic measuring device to supply measurement data, and a recording medium that stores identification data for identifying a kind of the sample portion as well as reference data corresponding to the optical characteristic of the sample portion.

Abstract: A system for providing and using a gray optical standard is disclosed, the standard generally comprising a housing having a cavity and an at least partially transparent portion adjacent to the cavity for receiving the radiation emitted radiation by an optical instrument and a particulate material disposed in the cavity. The particulate material is a mixture of highly absorptive and highly reflective particles having a diameter of about 20 microns or less. In some embodiments, the at least partially transparent portion of the housing is modified to be highly diffusely scattering in the wavelength region of interest.

Abstract: A device and method for verifying correct performance of an optical clinical assay system is provided.

Abstract: A means for determining the concentration of a hydrogen-rich fuel in a fuel solution within the anode reservoir of a fuel cell. The fuel concentration is determined using a dye mixture responsive to fuel concentration within a fuel solution. As fuel is consumed, the fuel concentration decreases. As the fuel concentration decreases, the dye changes color. The resulting color changes occur within the anode reservoir of the fuel cell, or within a dye chamber in fluid contact with the anode reservoir, and are made visible by a window. A color strip and fuel scale may be included to facilitate fuel concentration determination based on the color of the fuel solution. Additionally, a valve responsive to dye color may act to control fuel delivery.

Abstract: The invention provides an apparatus for measuring a hue of a predetermined primary color included in light reflected from a surface. The apparatus has a diffuse light source for creating incident light comprising a plurality of primary colors including the predetermined primary color, the incident light being directed onto the surface. The incident light is reflected from the surface to produce the reflected light. The apparatus also has a photometer for receiving and analyzing the reflected light to provide objective chromaticity data representing the hue of the predetermined primary color, and a scale adapted for converting the objective chromaticity data to a clinical score measuring the hue of the predetermined primary color in the reflected light.

Abstract: A method for accurately measuring the reflectance of translucent objects by illuminating small areas of the object is disclosed. The method involves determining the lateral diffusion error by use of a predetermined set of calibration standards. The lateral diffusion error is added to the uncorrected reflectance to produce the corrected reflectance value. The method has widespread potential applications in the paper, printing, textile, coating, and food industries.

Abstract: In accordance with one embodiment there is provided a method of providing a known spectrum to a noninvasive optical detection system of the type having a window for receiving infrared energy. The method comprises affixing a standard to the window. The standard comprises a body formed from a material having known and stable spectral properties. The method further comprises placing at least a portion of the body directly against the window, and operating the optical detection system to detect an emission spectrum of the body. In accordance with another embodiment an infrared spectrometer comprises a window for receiving infrared energy. The window has an exposed surface. The infrared spectrometer further comprises a standard comprising a body formed of a material having known and stable spectral properties. At least part of the body is removably disposed directly against the exposed surface of the window.

Abstract: The present invention provides an artificial member (80, 210) which mimics the absorbance spectrum of a body part and includes the spectral components of blood analytes. The artificial member comprises a light scattering and reflecting material, and has a chamber portion comprising one or more chambers (90, 100, 220). The artificial member is configured to be reproducibly received in a measuring receptor which receptor is operatively connected to a non-invasive monitoring device.

Abstract: An optical system used in an optical measuring apparatus for measuring optical characteristics of, for example, a liquid crystal display panel (LCD panel) guides rays emitted from the LCD panel and having exit angles equal to or smaller than a predetermined maximum exit angle &agr;. A lens of the optical system satisfies the following two equations. f=|2·h/tan &agr;| L=(H−h)·f/H Hereupon, the symbol “f” designates a focal length of the lens; the symbol “h” designates the maximum height of the photosensitive plane of the photosensor from an optical axis of the lens on the photosensing plane; the symbol “L” designates a distance from a principal point of the lens in the image side to the photosensing plane; and the symbol “H” designates the maximum height of the object from the optical axis of the lens.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for determining the condition of a test subject based on color uses a color measuring instrument to detect change in a color factor indicative of a condition such as a disease, spoilage, ageing, etc. A medical condition such as bilirubinemia that affects skin color can be detected. One measures color factors such as Hunter b and L in the subjects' skin color. For predetermined ranges of one color factor, in particular L, changes in the other color factor, e.g. Hunter b, above predetermined levels are indicative of the medical condition. In many cases, a single measurement of the color factors can be utilized as a warning of the likelihood of the medical or contaminated condition, if the ordinary range of the color factor is known for healthy individuals with skin coloration like that of the test subject.

Abstract: A system for automatically re-calibrating a spectrophotometer which is mounted at one side of the printed sheets output path of a color printer for measuring the colors printed on colored test patches on printed test sheets moving thereby as the test patches are sequentially illuminated with multiple different color illumination sources, which illumination colors are reflected from the test patches and detected by a photosensor providing electrical output signals. Re-calibration is provided by illuminating, with the same sequenced illumination sources, during a time coinciding with an adjacent gap between the printed sheets moving in the output path, a stationary calibration test patch which is mounted on the opposite side of the output path from the spectrophotometer, to provide respective calibration signals from respective electrical output signals of the photosensor during a time interval when a printed color sheet is not in said output path in between the spectrophotometer and the calibration test patch.

Abstract: A system for, and method of, color matching and/or identifying color parameters of articles such as teeth, textiles, paints, dyes, car body repairs, picture restoration, metals and gems and for use in the cosmetics industry. The system comprises means for taking a colored image of an object, means for relaying the colored image to a place remote from where the image of the object was taken, means for analysing color values of the image and means for converting the color values into parameters from which the original color of the object can be reconstituted or color parameters may be cross-referenced and/or recorded over time.

Abstract: Methods and apparatus for calibrating a color measuring instrument with a color standard and verifying the color standard and calibration are provided. One method includes providing a color standard having a surface with at least two different colors (preferably arranged for a simultaneous color measurement), calibrating the instrument, and verifying that said color standard is an authorized color standard of a predetermined specification and that the calibration of the color measuring instrument has achieved predetermined specified results. Some of the provided methods and apparatus use a photosensitive portion of the color standard that changes color in a known way when exposed to a predetermined dose of light. Various color standards for use with this invention are provided.