Abstract: A particle sensor is described. The particle sensor includes a laser module having a laser, and a detector configured to detect thermal radiation. The particle sensor has an optical apparatus that is configured to focus laser light proceeding from the laser module into a first spot and is configured to focus thermal radiation proceeding from the first spot into a second spot, a radiation-sensitive surface of the detector being located in the second spot, or behind the second spot in the beam path of the thermal radiation focused onto the second spot.

Abstract: A system for tracking fuel in a fuel distribution network is provided. The system includes a plurality of tracking devices disposed at a plurality of fuel transport locations including a supplier fuel storage location, a mobile fuel storage location, a stationary fuel storage location and a vehicle fuel location, wherein each tracking device is configured to read in real time the digital tag by receiving a radiation emission spectrum associated with the fuel identification information as the fuel is transported through the plurality of fuel transfer locations. The digital tag includes information about the fuel.

Abstract: Methods for preparing a dilution series for use in forming calibration curves, preferably in the field of surface plasmon resonance, are provided. In one example, a dilution series is prepared by using receptacles such as tubes of a micro well plate in which samples of the dilution series are mixed. In another example, a dilution series is prepared by using a convection mix in a receptacle for achieving a concentration gradient in the sample. A biosensor system arranged to perform steps of methods disclosed are provided. A data processing apparatus and a software for performing steps of methods disclosed, and a computer readable medium for storing the software are also provided.

Abstract: The present disclosure includes a spectrometric measuring device for a measurement point of the process automation system, including a broadband light source for radiating light through an entrance aperture onto a sample to be measured, wherein the beam bundles of the light form an irradiation plane, a light limiter that limits the light at an angle to the irradiation plane, whereby a different amount of light results at this angle. The device further includes a dispersive element for separating the light according to its wavelength and a detector for receiving light separated according to its wavelength, wherein the light source beams the light through the sample to the entrance aperture, the light limiter and the dispersive element, and the light strikes the detector.

Abstract: A gas divided flow supplying apparatus, including a control valve 3, a pressure type flow control unit 1a connected to a process gas inlet 11, a gas supply main pipe 8 connected to the downstream side of control valve 3, a plurality of branched pipe passages 9a, 9n connected in parallel to the downstream side of main pipe 8, opening and closing valves 10a, 10n interposed in the respective branched pipe passages 9a, 9n, orifices 6a, 6n provided on the downstream sides of valves 10a, 10n, a temperature sensor 4 provided near the process gas passage between the control valve 3 and the orifices 6a, 6n, a pressure sensor 5 provided in the process gas passage between the control valve 3 and the orifices 6a, 6n, divided gas flow outlets 11a, 11n provided on the outlet sides of the orifices 6a, 6n, and an arithmetic and control unit 7.

Abstract: A spray chamber is disclosed, wherein the spray chamber includes textured interior portions (e.g., textured inner walls and/or textured surfaces of one or more components within the spray chamber) to prevent droplets from building up on interior surfaces of the chamber as such build up can result in poor measurement performance. Wettability is improved by texturing one or more of the interior surfaces, and as a result, the interior surfaces can shed moisture more easily, thereby preventing droplet buildup. A connector system is also disclosed to provide self-aligned coupling between an exit port of a spray chamber and an input tube of an injector. The connector system allows the spray chamber to be quickly and accurately coupled to the injector by simple mating of the two components.

Abstract: A method of determining the concentration of a species in a portion of a furnace atmosphere is described. The method comprises the steps of measuring first, second and third intensities of electromagnetic radiation in the furnace at first, second and third wavelengths respectively. The third wavelength is selected to be representative of absorption of electromagnetic radiation by the species. A fourth intensity of electromagnetic radiation is calculated, being an estimate of the intensity of electromagnetic radiation in the furnace at the third wavelength absent any absorbing species in the furnace atmosphere. The third intensity and the fourth intensities are used to determine a parameter that is proportional to the concentration of absorbing species in the portion of the furnace atmosphere. Apparatus for carrying out the method is also described.

Abstract: The invention relates to methods and devices for analysis of samples using laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (LA-ICP-MS). The invention provides methods and devices in which individual ablation plumes are distinctively captured and transferred to the ICP, followed by analysis by mass cytometry.

Abstract: Electrical power is provided to power consuming, heat-exhausting devices by multiple gas-fueled electrical power sources located near such devices. Exhaust heat from such devices is utilized as intake cooling air for the gas-fueled power sources, thereby excluding them from cooling capacity requirements. The gas piping delivering gas to gas-fueled power sources is positioned so as to be within hot aisles comprising exhaust heat. The gas piping is located up high for lighter than air gasses and near the floor for heavier than air gasses, with leak detection located nearby. Additionally, gas piping is externally coated with material that visually indicates a leak. By locating gas piping in the hot aisle, exhausted heat increases temperature and, thereby, pressure of the gas, resulting in more efficient gas distribution through the piping and preventing valve freezing. Furthermore, the gas piping is located after potential ignition sources in the airstream.

Abstract: A high-precision pressure sensor with two or more pressure ranges is formed from multiple micro-electromechanical system (MEMS) pressure transducers mounted inside a housing and coupled to sense a pressurized fluid. The non-linear outputs of the MEMS pressure transducers are linearized by a corresponding number of processors, preferably DSPs, each processor being coupled to a corresponding MEMS pressure transducer and receiving the MEMS pressure transducer output signal there from. Each processor generates an applied pressure output signal, which is representative of a pressure applied to the MEMS pressure transducer, which is a linearized and digitized version of output signal from the MEMS pressure transducers. The data that is output from multiple processors, each of which outputs pressure data pertaining to a different range of pressures, is transmitted serially on a serial data bus.

Abstract: Methods and apparatus for the modulation of flame gas stoichiometry to a flame-based detector for use in chromatographic separations are presented. As the total mass flow rate of mobile phase entering the flame-based detector changes (e.g., as a result of density programming in the separation), the mass flow rate of combustion gases to the detector are altered in proportion to the amount of mobile phase entering the detector. As a result, flame stability and sensitivity of the detector can be maintained by the methods and apparatus of the present disclosure.

Abstract: A flame photometric detector (FPD) for use in a gas chromatography (GC) apparatus is described. The FPD has an emission block that is maintained in a first temperature range, and a transfer line that is maintained in a second temperature range that is greater than the first temperature range. The FPD is coupled to a light detector, such as a photomultiplier tube (PMT).

Abstract: Provided is an analyzer for a substance, including: a first particle holding unit having a tubular shape; a first intake pipe for sucking a gas from an upper side of the first particle holding unit to cause a cyclonic phenomenon inside the first particle holding unit; a first supply pipe for supplying a sample containing particles, the first supply pipe being connected to a side surface of the first particle holding unit; a first flow control unit for controlling a flow rate of a gas flowing into the first particle holding unit to hold the rotationally moving particles inside the first particle holding unit for a predetermined time period and then cause the particles to settle, the first flow control unit being connected to a lower part of the first particle holding unit; a first collection heating unit for collecting and heating the settled particles; and an analysis unit for analyzing a substance vaporized from the particles through the heating by the first collection heating unit, the analysis unit being c

Abstract: The micro-plasma emission detector unit is for use with a gas chromatograph. It includes an airtight housing having an internal ionization chamber and a makeup gas inlet chamber, a pair of spaced-apart ionization electrodes positioned on opposite sides of the ionization chamber, and a permeation device having a semi-permeable membrane. The semi-permeable membrane is at least partially and removably insertable through the makeup gas inlet chamber.

Abstract: An inductively coupled plasma source for a focused charged particle beam system includes a dielectric liquid that insulates and cools the plasma chamber. A flow restrictor at an electrical potential that is a large fraction of the plasma potential reducing arcing because the voltage drop in the gas occurs primarily at relative high pressure.

Abstract: Provided herein are apparatuses and methods regarding photometric analyte detection using multiple flames, including a multiple flame photometric detector (mFPD). Such a detector may be used, for example, to detect sulfur and phosphorous in effluent streams containing hydrocarbons.

Abstract: The automatic analyzer repeatedly performs a first processing operation for creating a pretreated specimen with a pretreatment solution in a first reaction cell. The analyzer also repeatedly performs a second processing operation for creating a reacted specimen by reacting the pretreated specimen with a reagent in a second reaction cell. In a first control operation, a turntable is rotated through a first angle in a first direction and halted. In a second control operation, the turntable is rotated through a second angle in a second direction and halted. The second reaction cell is spaced by a second angle in a first direction from the first reaction cell. The turntable is so rotated that the first and second reaction cells are halted at least in first, second, and third positions.

Abstract: Sample excitation apparatus for a spectrometric analyzer, the apparatus comprising a sample introduction stage comprising an electrospray nebulizer for generating a nebulized sample; and a sample excitation stage arranged to operate in an atmospheric pressure environment and to receive and excite the nebulized sample in a sample excitation region for spectrometric analysis thereof. ‘Excitation’ includes ionization in ICP and MIP, flame excitation in AES, and optical excitation in AAS. For example, analyte solution (38) is fed out of the outlet end of a capillary (30,40,60,96), to a plasma source. A potential difference is applied between the capillary, its outlet end or the analyte solution and an opposing effective (counter) electrode, which may comprise a tube (64), a grid (80), or the plasma (34) itself, to promote formation of smaller droplets (46). The pressure of the plasma source is similar to the pressure in the region of the capillary outlet end.

Abstract: A boost device configured to provide additional energy to an atomization source, such as a flame or plasma, is disclosed. In certain examples, a boost device may be used with a flame or plasma to provide additional energy to the flame or plasma to enhance desolvation, atomization, and/or ionization. In other examples, the boost device may be configured to provide additional energy for excitation of species. Instruments and devices including at least one boost device are also disclosed.

Abstract: An atomic absorption instrument has a burner and a mixing apparatus for delivering a combustible mixture to the burner. The mixing apparatus includes a mixing chamber assembly having a plurality of internal delivery passageways. An end cap assembly holds a nebulizer closes a mixing chamber. The end cap assembly has a plurality of internal feed passageways through which fluid from the internal delivery passageways flows into the mixing chamber. Latch mechanisms couple the end cap assembly to the mixing chamber assembly. The latch mechanisms can be operated to remove the end cap assembly.

Abstract: The systems and methods disclosed herein address issues of cost and weight that prevent other threat detection systems intended to detect and identify locations of incoming munitions fire such as RPGs, anti-tank missiles, and other such weapons, from being used more broadly. Systems and methods disclosed herein relate, in part, to a portable, optical sensor that has a 360-degree horizontal field of view and a selectable vertical field of view that can cover up to 90 degrees. Variations of systems and methods discussed herein are meant for use and transport by an individual or group of individuals, and do not require significant support electronics or power supplies in excess of a typical car-battery in size and weight. Other embodiments may be vehicle mounted, or may be further enhanced to work with other detection or response systems.

Abstract: The present invention discloses a combustor system and method of measuring impurities in the combustion system. The combustion system includes an up-stream fuel injection point; a down-stream turbine combustor; a flame zone in the turbine combustor comprising a plurality of axial sub-zones; an optical port assembly configured to obtain a non-axial, direct, optical view of at least one of the plurality of axial sub-zones, and an impurity detection system in optical communication with the optical port assembly.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for evaluating the state of a fuel/air mixture and/or the combustion in a combustion chamber of an internal combustion engine, with sample signals of flame light signals, preferably the flame intensity (FI), with associated mixture states being saved to a database, with flame light signals, preferably the flame light intensity (FI), of the combustion in the combustion chamber being detected and thus being compared with the saved sample signals, and with conclusions being drawn on the state of the mixture in the combustion chamber in the case of coincidence between measured and saved signal patterns. In order to enable a simple and precise monitoring of the mixture state and the combustion it is provided that a pressure measurement is also performed in the cylinder simultaneously with the detection of the flame light signals.

Abstract: An architecture for spontaneous Raman scattering (SRS) that utilizes a frame-transfer charge-coupled device (CCD) sensor operating in a subframe burst gating mode to realize time-resolved combustion diagnostics is disclosed. The technique permits all-electronic optical gating with microsecond shutter speeds (<5 ?s), without compromising optical throughput or image fidelity. When used in conjunction with a pair of orthogonally-polarized excitation lasers, the technique measures time-resolved vibrational Raman scattering that is minimally contaminated by problematic optical background noise.

Abstract: A flame atomic absorption spectrophotometer in which a combustion gas is burned by a burner to form a flame and a nebulized sample is atomized in the flame, including a flashback detector for detecting an occurrence of a flashback phenomenon of the flame or detecting a state in which a flashback phenomenon is considered to have occurred; a flashback count memory for counting detection of a flashback by the flashback detector and storing a number of count; an ignition inhibitor for inhibiting, in a case where a flashback is detected by the flashback detector, an ignition after the detection; and an inhibition canceller for canceling, in an ignition inhibit state created by the ignition inhibitor, the ignition inhibit state only by a predetermined operation which is changed in accordance with the number of count stored in the flashback count memory.

Abstract: An atomic absorption instrument has a burner and a mixing apparatus for delivering a combustible mixture to the burner. The mixing apparatus includes a mixing chamber assembly having a plurality of internal delivery passageways. An end cap assembly holds a nebulizer closes a mixing chamber. The end cap assembly has a plurality of internal feed passageways through which fluid from the internal delivery passageways flows into the mixing chamber. Latch mechanisms couple the end cap assembly to the mixing chamber assembly. The latch mechanisms can be operated to remove the end cap assembly.

Abstract: A method is disclosed for providing quality assurance in an industrial process. The method includes obtaining a manufacturing material from the industrial process, allowing the manufacturing material to contact with a nano-scale surface, which allows the harmful substance to adsorb to the nano-scale surface. The method also includes obtaining a Raman spectrum from the manufacturing material and the nano-scale surface using a spectrometer, searching for, using a spectral analyzer, a spectral signature of a harmful substance in a predetermined spectral region in the Raman spectrum to determine the existence of the harmful substance in the manufacturing material, determining the concentration of the manufacturing material if the spectral signature is found in the Raman spectrum, and rejecting the manufacturing material from the industrial process if the concentration of the manufacturing material is determined to be above a predetermined tolerance level.

Abstract: A photonic measurement system, such as an atomic absorption spectrometer, includes source, sample and detection modules that are interconnected by fiber optic cables. A first set of fiber optic cables guides light from one or more light sources in the source module to each of at least two analysis chambers in the sample module. A second set of fiber optic cables guides light from the analysis chambers to a detector in the detection module. The detector provides to a processing sub-system signals that correspond to intensities of the guided light. One analysis chamber is selected to perform a sample analysis at a given time, and the processing sub-system processes the signals associated with the selected analysis chamber as measurement signals. The processing sub-system may further process the signals associated with a given non-selected analysis chamber as reference signals.

Abstract: Sample excitation apparatus for a spectrometric analyser, the apparatus comprising a sample introduction stage comprising an electrospray nebuliser for generating a nebulised sample; and a sample excitation stage arranged to operate in an atmospheric pressure environment and to receive and excite the nebulised sample in a sample excitation region for spectrometric analysis thereof. ‘Excitation’ includes ionisation in ICP and MIP, flame excitation in AES, and optical excitation in AAS. For example, analyte solution (38) is fed out of the outlet end of a capillary (30,40,60,96), to a plasma source. A potential difference is applied between the capillary, its outlet end or the analyte solution and an opposing effective (counter) electrode, which may comprise a tube (64), a grid (80), or the plasma (34) itself, to promote formation of smaller droplets (46). The pressure of the plasma source is similar to the pressure in the region of the capillary outlet end.

Abstract: Provided are procedures and arrangements for determining composition of cored welding wire electrodes. A portion of a length of a cored welding wire electrode is detached, to serve as a sample portion. The sample portion is provided to a digestion vessel, where it is digested into a sample solution. The sample solution is provided to an analytical device which analyzes the sample solution to determine the elements and concentrations of elements which comprise the sample solution.

Abstract: A cell isolating device and method is provided to concentrate or isolate cells with specific characteristics from a mixture of different cell types. One embodiment may comprise two subtypes of antibodies that are directly conjugated to biotin (Abb) and conjugated to a fluorescent molecule (Abf). The conjugated antibodies (Abb+Abf) bind to the target cells in a mixed cell suspension. The cell suspension is then passed over an immobilized avidin or streptavidin substrate on a glass microscope slide. The biotinylated target cells adhere to the avidin/streptavidin substrate, while the unbound cells are washed off and collected in a wicking member. Captured cells on the avidin/streptavidin substrate may then be visualized directly using a fluorescent microscope or detected and enumerated via an on-board fluorescent detection device.

Abstract: The present invention provides a flame atomic absorption spectrophotometer in which, when a flashback may occur, a continuous use of this apparatus through an easy operation by a user is prohibited, so that the apparatus cannot be used unless its safety is confirmed. In this apparatus, when a flashback occurrence detector 23 detects that a flashback has occurred while the flame was burning, it extinguishes the flame in accordance with a predetermined extinction sequence, sets a flashback occurrence flag to be “1,” and increments a flashback count value. Even if an ignition button 26 is pressed, an ignition is not allowed if the flashback occurrence flag is “1.” When a password that was issued after the safety was confirmed by the manufacturer is entered through an operation unit 41, a password verification unit 40 in a personal computer 4 obtains a flashback count value.

Abstract: A soil for metal analysis having a high water content of 40% or more is dried up to 20% or less in water content within a short period of time. A filter paper 5 is laid over an inner bottom surface plate 2 of a nutsche 1. Powder of a super absorbent polymer 6 is uniformly spread (filled) on an upper surface thereof. Further, another filter paper 7 is laid thereon. A soil sample with a high water content is packed on an upper surface thereof, thereupon carrying out predrying to approximately 30% in water content. After that, the predried soil sample is added with ethanol, stirred and received in a receiving pan 38. The receiving pan 38 is arranged in a drying chamber 37. Water is supplied by a syringe 43 to a reaction vessel 42 having been filled with calcium oxide or barium oxide, thereby reacting calcium oxide or barium oxide with water. The receiving pan 38 is heated by a reaction heat generated at that moment, thereupon carrying out postdrying to make the water content 20% or less.

Abstract: A method for monitoring hydrogen gas and a hydrogen flame wherein an object light having a wavelength of about 309 nm and resulting from two or more laser beams, which have been irradiated to a space to be monitored, is collected and converted to an electronic image, and the electronic image is amplified and converted back to an optical image, thereby imaging a spatial intensity distribution of light at a specific wavelength. A device for monitoring hydrogen gas and a hydrogen flame, which comprises two or more laser beam sources, means for collecting an object light having a wavelength of about 309 nm and resulting from laser beams, which have been irradiated to a space to be monitored, image producing means for converting the object light to an electronic image, amplifying the electronic image, and converting back the amplified electronic image to an optical image, and means for imaging a spatial intensity distribution of light at a specific wavelength.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for evaluating the state of a fuel/air mixture and/or the combustion in a combustion chamber of an internal combustion engine, with sample signals of flame light signals, preferably the flame intensity (FI), with associated mixture states being saved to a database, with flame light signals, preferably the flame light intensity (FI), of the combustion in the combustion chamber being detected and thus being compared with the saved sample signals, and with conclusions being drawn on the state of the mixture in the combustion chamber in the case of coincidence between measured and saved signal patterns. In order to enable a simple and precise monitoring of the mixture state and the combustion it is provided that a pressure measurement is also performed in the cylinder simultaneously with the detection of the flame light signals.

Abstract: The present method uses a spectrophotometric and/or ionisation detection device in which the gas to be analyzed and illuminated by a light source emitting in a range of wavelengths distinct from the one used for spectrophotometry so as to carry out a nephelometric and/or turbidimetric detection, the results of this detection being used to carry out an adjustment of the device for counting the particles and/or for determining the composition of these particles.

Abstract: A method for determining atomic isotope masses in mass spectrometry, atomic isotope ratios being determined from molecular isotope ratios measured by means of an isotope mass spectrometer—ion correction, the determination of the atomic ratios being carried out by setting up and solving a system of equations which describes relationships between the atomic and the molecular ratios, and the system of equations having to have at least as many independent equations as there are atomic ratios. The entire system of equations is linearized by means of suitable numerical methods in a first step, in particular by means of a Taylor expansion or similar method, and in which the linearized system of equations is subsequently solved as a whole without transforming the individual equations.

Abstract: Atom absorption spectroscopy method generates at least one first beam of monochromatic radiation at a certain wavelength. Radiation is separated into a test beam and a reference beam, and only the test beam is led through a test area. Subsequently, both beams pass through a slot system into a monochromator, and after their spectral breakdown, reach a detector system. In order to improve such atom absorption spectroscopy method in a way that allows the test beam and the reference beam as well as their spectra to be guided close to, or adjacent to one other onto the detector system, and, at the same time enables a simple and easy adaptation of the spectrometer's effective spectral range to a monochromator's characteristics, the test beam and the reference beam thus pass through different slots in the slot system and are projected onto essentially spatially separate areas of the detector system, with their spectra's broken-down.

Abstract: A main unit, a lamp chamber, a graphite furnace analyzing section, a flame analyzing section, and a flame gas controller are sequentially placed from right to left. An autosampler is placed on the top of the lamp chamber. A housing section for a transformer and a power supply unit is provided behind the lamp chamber, the graphite furnace analyzing section, the flame analyzing section, and the flame gas controller. The housing section is used as a space for a power unit used for the whole atomic absorption spectrophotometer, as well as the graphite furnace analyzing section. The housing section is also used as space for a circuit board for controlling the whole atomic absorption photometer. The autosampler has a quadrangular sample tray. The autosampler drives an arm for holding an aspiration needle in the left and right directions and also in up and down directions.

Abstract: A width measuring apparatus is provided with a control unit, an imaging system and a spectroscopic unit. The control unit performs image processing (edge detection processing) on image data obtained by imaging an end of a substrate thereby detecting the position of the end of the substrate. The control unit further measures the thickness of a thin film on the basis of a spectral signal from the spectroscopic unit and detects the position of an end of the thin film from distribution of the thickness. The control unit calculates and displays the width between the end of the thin film and the end of the substrate on the basis of the detected positions of the ends of the substrate and the thin film. The width measuring apparatus can also detect the position of the end of the thin film from image data acquired by the imaging system. Therefore, it is possible to provide a measuring apparatus automatically measuring the width between the end of the thin film formed on the substrate and the end of the substrate.

Abstract: Atom absorption spectroscopy method generates at least one first beam of monochromatic radiation at a certain wavelength. Radiation is separated into a test beam and a reference beam, and only the test beam is led through a test area. Subsequently, both beams pass through a slot system into a monochromator, and after their spectral breakdown, reach a detector system. In order to improve such atom absorption spectroscopy method in a way that allows the test beam and the reference beam as well as their spectra to be guided close to, or adjacent to one other onto the detector system, and, at the same time enables a simple and easy adaptation of the spectrometer's effective spectral range to a monochromator's characteristics, the test beam and the reference beam thus pass through different slots in the slot system and are projected onto essentially spatially separate areas of the detector system, with their spectra's broken-down.

Abstract: A system and method for tuning a pulsed-flame photometric detector including providing a carrier gas within a predetermined gas flow range to the pulsed-flame photometric detector, providing at least one combustible fuel to the pulsed-flame photometric detector, applying voltage to an igniter coil associated with the pulsed-flame photometric detector, verifying that the pulsed-flame photometric detector is pulsing above a lower predetermined frequency and above a higher predetermined frequency, adjusting the gas flow of the at least one combustible fuel to the pulsed-flame photometric detector so that at least one cycle of ignition, propagation and then termination is present, heating a container to a predetermined temperature, allowing the at least one carrier gas to flow within the container, housing a tuning compound, and monitoring a width of a sulfur emission resulting from the combustion of the tuning compound to evaluate the width of sulfur emission signal all through a controller.

Abstract: A burner assembly and a gas box for an atomic absorption spectrometer are disclosed. The burner assembly has a spray chamber (12) for receiving oxygen, fuel and sample material and a burner (11) located on the spray chamber for receiving the mixture so the mixture can be ignited to produce a flame to facilitate analysis of the sample material by atomic absorption of radiation. Pressure transducer (30) is provided for measuring the pressure in the spray chamber so that the pressure is not of a predetermined level the burner can be shut off. A fuel line (29) supplies fuel to the spray chamber (12) and an airline (28) supplies air to the chamber (12). The lines (28) and (29) include flow restrictors (38) and (54) creating an accurate pressure drop thereby ensuring correct mixture of air and fuel.

Abstract: An apparatus for determining one or more elements or compounds in a laboratory sample, and for simultaneously performing both vapor generation and nebulization in one device, is disclosed. The apparatus comprises an enclosed cyclonic spray chamber with two integrally affixed cylindrical ports, one for introducing a nebulizer into the chamber and the other for facilitating volatilization of analytes within the chamber. In addition, two conical tubes are integrally affixed to the chamber and oriented opposite each other, with one tube serving as the means for introducing a sample into the spray chamber, and the other tube serving as the means for introducing reductant/reactant into the spray chamber. This invention allows a sample that has been introduced into the spray chamber to be subjected to nebulization or vapor generation, or to both processes.

Abstract: A flame atomization device, especially for an atom absorption spectrometer, is disclosed. The flame atomization device includes at least one mixer chamber and an atomizer leading into the mixer chamber, and a burner head mounted on the mixer chamber's burner connection piece. A slip casing is mounted so that it can slide between a closed position and an open position in relation to the burner connection piece while, in the open position, at least one pressure reduction outlet is opened in the burner connection piece.

Abstract: The method and apparatus of laser-induced incandescence (LII) to analyze characteristics of submicron-sized particles are described. LII is recognized as a good tool for determining the characteristics of small particles in a gas, e.g., volume fraction, particle size, and specific surface area. It uses the fact that the incandescence signal is proportional to the volume of the particles. It also uses the fact that transient cooling is dependent on the specific surface area of the particle, which is related to diameter of the particle. In LII, particles are heated by a pulsed laser light beam to a temperature where incandescence from the particles can be distinguished from ambient light. The temperature of particles and their volume fraction governs the incandescence. The temperature decay rate is proportional to the primary particle size. The invention uses an optical arrangement that ensures a near-uniform laser energy distribution spatial profile.

Abstract: A system and method for tuning a pulsed-flame photometric detector including providing a carrier gas within a predetermined gas flow range to the pulsed-flame photometric detector, providing at least one combustible fuel to the pulsed-flame photometric detector, applying voltage to an igniter coil associated with the pulsed-flame photometric detector, verifying that the pulsed-flame photometric detector is pulsing above a lower predetermined frequency and above a higher predetermined frequency, adjusting the gas flow of the at least one combustible fuel to the pulsed-flame photometric detector so that at least one cycle of ignition, propagation and then termination is present, heating a container to a predetermined temperature, allowing the at least one carrier gas to flow within the container, housing a tuning compound, and monitoring a width of a sulfur emission resulting from the combustion of the tuning compound to evaluate the width of sulfur emission signal all through a controller.

Abstract: An element analyzer D comprises a combustion section 1 for burning a sample S, a sample injection member 2 for injecting the sample S into the combustion section 1, and a detection section 29 for measuring a gasified sample formed by burning the sample S in the combustion section 1. The element analyzer D further includes a cleaning-agent injection member 2 for injecting a cleaning agent W into the combustion section 1.

Abstract: A burner assembly and a gas box for an atomic absorption spectrometer are disclosed. The burner assembly has a spray chamber (12) for receiving oxygen, fuel and sample material and a burner (11) located on the spray chamber for receiving the mixture so the mixture can be ignited to produce a flame to facilitate analysis of the sample material by atomic absorption of radiation. Pressure transducer (30) is provided for measuring the pressure in the spray chamber so that the pressure is not of a predetermined level the burner can be shut off. A fuel line (29) supplies fuel to the spray chamber (12) and an airline (28) supplies air to the chamber (12). The lines (28) and (29) include flow restrictors (38) and (54) creating an accurate pressure drop thereby ensuring correct mixture of air and fuel.

Abstract: Atom absorption spectroscopy method generates at least one first beam of monochromatic radiation at a certain wavelength. Radiation is separated into a test beam and a reference beam, and only the test beam is led through a test area. Subsequently, both beams pass through a slot system into a monochromator, and after their spectral breakdown, reach a detector system. In order to improve such atom absorption spectroscopy method in a way that allows the test beam and the reference beam as well as their spectra to be guided close to, or adjacent to one other onto the detector system, and, at the same time enables a simple and easy adaptation of the spectrometer's effective spectral range to a monochromator's characteristics, the test beam and the reference beam thus pass through different slots in the slot system and are projected onto essentially spatially separate areas of the detector system, with their spectra's broken-down.