Abstract: A novel apparatus for the measurement of color of a sample which comprises an illumination means to illuminate the sample, an electro-optical sensing head to receive the light from the illuminated sample and to output electronic signals and an electronic processing unit to process the signals. The light source may in the preferred embodiment be the sun or the sample itself and a reference optical path is used for reference which is the same optical path as the optical path from the light from the sample. The tristimulus values X, Y, Z and the chromaticity coordinates x, y of the sample with respect to the CIE standards for luminance and chromaticity values are produced for accurate color measurement.

Abstract: A laser beam from a tunable laser is split into two paths containing an etalon and a sample cell respectively. The two paths are chopped at different frequencies. The paths are combined and fed to a monochromator and then detected by a single detector. Lock-in amplifiers tuned to the chopper frequencies and responsive to the detector output produce signals corresponding to the spectra arising from the etalon and the sample gas absorption. A recorder simultaneously displays the two spectra.

Abstract: Method and apparatus for the spectroscopic analysis of a specimen in which the specimen is irradiated with a narrow band of monochromatic light over a range of wavelengths, the light reflected from the specimen is scanned to generate a signal representative thereof, the signal is converted into a digital signal and stored. Digital data representative of selected spectroscopic characteristics is also stored and the digital data and the spectroscopic data are read out to identify the spectroscopic characteristics of the specimen. A TV camera scanner enables selective gating by varying the respective horizontal and vertical portions of the video signal. The video signal may be visually monitored to alter the scanning of the specimen and to determine those portions of the signal to be gated.

Abstract: A novel apparatus for the measurement of color of a sample which comprises an illumination means to illuminate the sample, an electro-optical sensing head to receive the light from the illuminated sample and to output electronic signals and an electronic processing unit adapted to process the signals. The system uses, in the preferred embodiment, a moving spatial filter to modulate a spectrum and a masking means to selectively mask the light from the modulated spectrum. A reference optical path and reference light signals are produced for subsequent processing with the light from the sample, corrected for any errors produced and processed in an analogue electronic unit to produce the tristimulus values X, Y, Z and the chromaticity coordinates x, y of the sample with respect to CIE standards for luminance and chromaticity values.

Abstract: A spectrum analyzing system measures or analyzes the colorimetric properties of a test sample at a preselected wavelength or range of wavelengths within the ultraviolet, visible, and near infrared regions. The system includes a spectrophotometer provided with a wideband light source, optical devices providing a sample light path and a reference light path, a chopper wheel allowing light to be directed alternately along the sample and reference paths interspersed with dark periods during which no light travels along either path, a dispersion grating for dispersing the light from both paths, a series of neutral density filters for limiting to various degrees the amount of light traversing each path, and a linear array of photodiodes for detecting the dispersed light at different wavelengths.