Using Plural Photocells Patents (Class 356/343)
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Publication number: 20110223586Abstract: A particle characterization system including a flow source to produce a stream of particles; a source of light or other energy directed at the stream of particles to cause fluorescence or scattered light to be emitted from the particles; a detector of the fluorescent or scattered light including three or more light receivers in a non-planar arrangement to detect the light emitted by the particles; and a computer which receives information from the light detector regarding light emitted by a particle in response to the source of light or other energy, the computer programmed to determine a characteristic of the particle based on the light collected from the particle.Type: ApplicationFiled: March 11, 2010Publication date: September 15, 2011Inventor: David KARABINUS
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Patent number: 8013994Abstract: A method of measuring parameters of a particle includes providing a particle, wherein the particle has a first portion and a second portion. The process includes providing a column of photo-detectors including a first photo-detector and a second photo-detector, wherein the first photo-detector and the second photo-detector are sensitive to the same range of light frequencies. Light is projected from the particle onto the column of photo-detectors wherein the column of photo-detectors is oriented so the light from the first portion is projected onto the first photo-detector and light from the second portion is projected onto the second photo-detector. Light measured by the first photo-detector differs from light measured by the second photo-detector. The process further includes using the different first and the second photo-detector measurements to determine at least one from the group consisting of particle temperature and particle diameter.Type: GrantFiled: January 14, 2008Date of Patent: September 6, 2011Assignee: Cyber Materials LLCInventors: Brian Louis Vattiat, Donald Edward Wroblewsky, Michael Alan Gevelber
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Patent number: 7999936Abstract: The refractive index, extinction coefficient, size and density of fluid suspended particles are simultaneously determined by combined transmittance and scattering measurements. The scattering measurements are preferably angle selective to obtain additional information about the scattered light. A charge-coupled device is employed for its high sensitivity to low light intensity in measurement of scattered light in combination with a photodiode array employed for its high signal to noise ratio, which is beneficial in transmittance measurement. The scattered light may be measured in an angle selective fashion by use of a motorized aperture that is concentrically positioned with respect to the impinging beam axis and moveable along the impinging beam axis. An ellipsoidal mirror collects the scattered light that passes through the motorized aperture and focuses the scattered light towards the charge-coupled device.Type: GrantFiled: April 2, 2009Date of Patent: August 16, 2011Assignee: n&k Technology, Inc.Inventors: Guoguang Li, Abdul Rahim Forouhi, Erik Nackerud
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Publication number: 20110194111Abstract: This smoke detector is provided with: a plurality of light emitting devices which emit light beams of mutually different wavelengths; and a plurality of scattered light receiving sections which receive, at a different scattering angle for each light beam of the respective wavelengths, scattered light generated due to the plurality of light beams emitted simultaneously from these light emitting devices impinging on smoke.Type: ApplicationFiled: October 9, 2009Publication date: August 11, 2011Applicant: HOCHIKI CORPORATIONInventor: Manabu Dohi
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Patent number: 7982875Abstract: A sample cell for making light scattering measurements, incorporating an exterior surface acting as both a lateral and vertical lens, is described. This unique structure permits greatly improved measurement of the light scattered by molecules and particles suspended in a fluid contained therein or flowing therethrough while illuminated by a fine light beam incident thereon. The resultant lensed structure of the cell, when integrated into a scattered light photometer and combined with suitable apertures before each scattered light collecting detector, reduces significantly stray light from entering each such detector.Type: GrantFiled: June 15, 2009Date of Patent: July 19, 2011Assignee: Wyatt Technology CorporationInventor: Steven P. Trainoff
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Publication number: 20110058168Abstract: An optical system for a flow cytometer having a flow channel with an interrogation zone and an illumination source that impinges the flow channel in the interrogation zone includes a lens system and a detection system. The lens system preferably includes at least two lens surfaces located on opposite sides of the flow channel and configured to collect and collimate light from the interrogation zone. The detection system, configured to detect light from the lens system, preferably includes first and second detectors, a first filter that passes a first wavelength of light and reflects a second wavelength of light, and a second filter that reflects the first wavelength of light and passes the second wavelength of light, wherein the first and second filters are aligned such that light reflected from the first filter passes into the second detector and light reflected from the second filter passes into the first detector.Type: ApplicationFiled: September 21, 2010Publication date: March 10, 2011Inventors: Collin A. Rich, Nathaniel C. Bair
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Patent number: 7869038Abstract: In one general aspect, a particle characterization instrument is disclosed that includes a first spatially coherent light source with a beam output aligned with an optical axis. A focusing optic is positioned along the optical axis after the coherent light source, and a sample cell is positioned along the optical axis after the focusing optic. The instrument also includes a diverging optic positioned along the optical axis after the sample cell, and a detector positioned outside of the optical axis to receive scattered light within a first range of scattering angles from the diverging optic. In another general aspect, an instrument can direct at least a portion of a first beam and at least a portion of a second beam along a same optical axis and a can receive scattered light from the sample cell resulting from interaction between the sample and either the first beam or the second beam.Type: GrantFiled: August 15, 2008Date of Patent: January 11, 2011Assignee: Malvern Instruments, Ltd.Inventors: Lewis Jones, Nigel Lightfoot, David Spriggs, David Stringfellow
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Patent number: 7847936Abstract: Apparatus for the detection of analytes in a fluid, for example the eluant from a liquid chromatography is described. Solvent is evaporated from the eluant to produce a stream of particles when analyte is present in the fluid. The resultant stream of particles is passed through one or more beams of radiation, typically visible light, and radiation scattered by the particles is detected at least at a first angle to a beam of radiation and at a second, different, angle to a radiation beam to produce a signal indicative of the presence of the analyte. Chromatographic apparatus incorporating the detector and methods of operating the detector and chromatographic apparatus are also described.Type: GrantFiled: May 1, 2008Date of Patent: December 7, 2010Assignee: Waters Technologies CorporationInventor: Joseph A. Jarrell
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Patent number: 7835561Abstract: A method for reconstructing three-dimensional (3D) tomographic images. A set of pseudo-projection images of an object is acquired. Error corrections are applied to the set of pseudo-projection images to produce a set of corrected pseudo-projection images. The set of corrected pseudo-projection images are processed to produce (3D) tomographic images.Type: GrantFiled: May 18, 2007Date of Patent: November 16, 2010Assignee: VisionGate, Inc.Inventors: Michael G. Meyer, J. Richard Rahn, Mark E. Fauver
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Patent number: 7812935Abstract: An apparatus for determining a signature from an article in a reading volume of the apparatus. The apparatus can comprise a source operable to generate a coherent beam and a beam directing member operable to direct the coherent beam into the reading volume. The apparatus may also comprise a detector arrangement for collecting signals created by scatter of the coherent beam within the reading volume, wherein different ones of the signals relate to scatter from different parts of the reading volume, the detector arrangement having a numerical aperture greater than a predetermined minimum and a processor operable to determine a signature for an article in the reading volume from the collected signals. Use of such apparatus can be repeated whenever required to test authenticity of the article.Type: GrantFiled: December 22, 2006Date of Patent: October 12, 2010Assignee: Ingenia Holdings LimitedInventors: Russell Paul Cowburn, James David Ralph Buchanan, Peter Robert Seem
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Patent number: 7803633Abstract: A screening device for performing an immunoassay test to detect the presence of a compound in a body fluid. The device includes a holder for removably receiving a membrane to which the fluid has been applied. Light is directed to the membrane. A photodetector measures the concentration of the light reflected back from the membrane. Specifically, the concentrations of reflected light from a control zone and a test zone are measured. Signals representative of the measured light concentrations are applied to a processor. If a specified concentration of predetermined light from a control zone on the membrane is detected, the processor considers the test to be successful. In the test is successful, the processor, based upon the measured concentration of reflected light from the test zone, generates data representative of the presence of the compound.Type: GrantFiled: April 30, 2008Date of Patent: September 28, 2010Assignee: Cozart Bioscience LimitedInventors: Robin James Spivey, Christopher William Hand, Dene Baldwin, Osborn Pierce Jones
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Publication number: 20100238442Abstract: A system for performing high-speed, high-resolution imaging cytometry utilizes a line-scan sensor. A cell to be characterized is transported past a scan region. An optical system focuses an image of a portion of the scan region onto at least one linear light sensor, and repeated readings of light falling on the sensor are taken while a cell is transported though the scan region. The system may image cells directly, or may excite fluorescence in the cells and image the resulting light emitted from the cell by fluorescence. The system may provide a narrow band of illumination at the scan region. The system may include various filters and imaging optics that enable simultaneous multicolor fluorescence imaging cytometry. Multiple linear sensors may be provided, and images gathered by the individual sensors may be combined to construct an image having improved signal-to-noise characteristics.Type: ApplicationFiled: March 18, 2010Publication date: September 23, 2010Applicant: Bio-Rad Laboratories, Inc.Inventors: Xin Heng, Paul Patt
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Patent number: 7800742Abstract: The present invention is to present a cell analyzer capable of measuring cells which are approximately 20 to 100 ?m in size with high precision via flow cytometry. The cell analyzer 10 comprises: a flow cell 51 in which a measurement sample including a measurement target cell flows; a light source part 53 for irradiating a light on the measurement sample flowing in the flow cell 51; an optical system 52 for forming a beam spot on the measurement sample flowing in the flow cell 51, the beam spot having a diameter of 3˜8 ?m in a flow direction of the measurement sample and a diameter of 300˜600 ?m in a direction perpendicular to the flow direction of the measurement sample; and a light receiving part 55, 58, 59 for receiving a light from the measurement sample.Type: GrantFiled: October 1, 2008Date of Patent: September 21, 2010Assignee: Sysmex CorporationInventors: Masakazu Fukuda, Masaki Ishisaka
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Patent number: 7738099Abstract: The system includes an excitation source for providing a beam of electromagnetic radiation having a source wavelength. A first wavelength selective device is positioned to be impinged by the beam of electromagnetic radiation. The first wavelength selective device is constructed to transmit at least a portion of any radiation having the source wavelength and to reflect radiation of other wavelengths. A medium containing particles is positioned to be impinged by the beam of electromagnetic radiation. At least a portion of the beam of electromagnetic radiation becomes scattered within the medium, the scattered electromagnetic radiation including forward scattered electromagnetic radiation and backward scattered electromagnetic radiation. An optical detector is positioned to receive backward and/or forward scattered electromagnetic radiation.Type: GrantFiled: July 17, 2006Date of Patent: June 15, 2010Assignee: Biovigilant Systems, Inc.Inventors: Michael Morrell, Jian-Ping Jiang
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Patent number: 7738695Abstract: A method for high-resolution image recording of at least one object with a microscope, includes the steps of: (a) positioning the object in a receptacle being arranged in the optical axis of the microscope, (b) generating at least two first data sets per object which represent intermediate images of the object with at least two different orientations relative to the optical axis of the microscope, wherein the different orientations of the object are provided by moving the object relative to the receptacle, and (c) evaluating the data sets for obtaining quantitative three dimensional information.Type: GrantFiled: October 24, 2003Date of Patent: June 15, 2010Assignees: Institut Pasteur, PerkinElmer Cellular Technologies Germany GmbHInventors: Spencer Shorte, Torsten Müller, Thomas Schnelle
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Patent number: 7709271Abstract: The present invention relates to a method and a device for determining a concentration of a biological active substance in a sample by the means of an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The device comprises a solid support within a tubing for binding an immunosorbent and an inlet for fluids, a detector for detecting radiation due to an activity in the tubing, wherein the tubing is arranged inside a microchip extending substantially in one plane, for conducting the fluids along the plane of the microchip. The tubing forms a reaction cell having a large detection area. The reaction cell of the microchip is arranged perpendicular to the detector. The method comprises the steps of introducing the fluids into the tubing, conducting the fluids through the tubing forming a reaction cell, in which reaction cell the radiation emitting activity takes place, and detecting the light emitted from the reaction cell substantially perpendicular to the plane.Type: GrantFiled: November 6, 2002Date of Patent: May 4, 2010Assignee: Prolight Diagnostics ABInventor: Masoud Khayyami
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Publication number: 20100053614Abstract: A particle detection system that images and detects particles in a fluid flow stream through use of detector array(s) is described. The detection system may include light source arrays that may selectively illuminate a particle in a fluid stream. The detection system may also include a detector array employing smart binning to read the measured signals. The smart binning of the detector array may be achieved through knowledge of an exact particle location provided by a position sensitive detector. The detector array(s) may be low cost based on intelligence built into the system. This particle detection system may be particularly useful for detection and discrimination of different particle types since the read-out of the particle signals can be accomplished with low noise and can be flexible enough to optimize the read out measurements for each particle. The particle detection system may be used, for example, in early warning contamination detection systems and manufacturing processes.Type: ApplicationFiled: February 11, 2008Publication date: March 4, 2010Inventors: Thomas H. Jeys, Antonio Sanchez-Rubio, Richard J. Molnar, Robert K. Reich, Jinendra K. Ranka, David L. Spears, Richard M. Osgood, III
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Publication number: 20100012853Abstract: This invention relates to the field of flow cytometry. It provides methods for identifying important dye-detector spectral overlaps for use in designing flow cytometry experiments. It further provides methods for quantifying the impact of spectral overlaps on dye selection and detector selection, the methods including the steps of: a) obtaining spectra of a dye; b) obtaining a laser configuration and an optical filter configuration of a detector; c) obtaining a spectrum yield value; and d) ranking the spectrum yield value.Type: ApplicationFiled: May 18, 2009Publication date: January 21, 2010Inventors: David R. Parks, Wayne Moore, Stephen Meehan
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Patent number: 7630076Abstract: Apparatus, systems and methods for measurement of B22 values of proteins in aqueous solutions in flow-mode utilize a dual-detector cell are provided. Simultaneous measurement of protein concentration and scattered light intensity is facilitated as the protein elutes from a size-exclusion column. Each data point on the resulting chromatograms is converted to Rayleigh's ratio, R?, and to concentration c, respectively. The B22 value is calculated from the slope of the Debye plot (Kc/R? versus c) generated from a range of the concentrations obtained from these chromatograms for a single protein injection. Measurements may be analyzed using modeling data derived from a predetermined modeling equation to quantify self-association of molecules. The apparatus and method provide a reliable means for determining B22 values for such proteins as lysozyme, chymotrypsinogen, and chymotrypsin in various solution conditions.Type: GrantFiled: July 25, 2006Date of Patent: December 8, 2009Assignee: University of ConnecticutInventors: Devendra S. Kalonia, Bajaj Harminder, Sharma K. Vikas
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Publication number: 20090296087Abstract: A concave cell for the collection of radiated light including a body with a concave surface and an unmodified flat surface opposite thereto, and a reflective surface coupled to the body across from the concave surface, said reflective surface including an opening and a photo detector operatively coupled thereto. A method of collecting light by reflecting light inside the concave cell, striking the light at the concave surface, scattering the light at the concave surface, and registering the scattered light with the photo detector. A method of increasing uniformity of light registered in a photo detector. A method of making a concave cell.Type: ApplicationFiled: May 28, 2009Publication date: December 3, 2009Applicant: Northern Illinois UniversityInventors: Alexander S. Dyshkant, Vishnu Zutshi, Phillip Stone
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Patent number: 7626699Abstract: Embodiments of the present invention provide an apparatus and a method for chamber particle source identification. The chamber particle source identification method and apparatus can greatly shorten the time it takes to identify chamber particle source(s). In one embodiment, a chamber particle monitor assembly for a processing chamber is provided. The chamber particle monitor assembly includes at least one laser light source, which can scan laser light in a chamber process volume within the processing chamber. The chamber particle monitor assembly also includes a plurality of laser light collectors, which can collect laser light emitted from the at least one laser light source continuously to monitor particle performance within the processing chamber. The plurality of laser light collectors are placed in the processing chamber such that none of the plurality of laser light collectors share a common axis.Type: GrantFiled: July 17, 2008Date of Patent: December 1, 2009Assignee: Lam Research CorporationInventor: Mark Wright
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Publication number: 20090244536Abstract: The present invention provides methods and systems for particle detection and analysis using two-dimensional optical imaging to access enhanced detection sensitivity and expanded sensing functionality relative to conventional point and array detection-based optical particle counters. Methods and systems of the present invention provide a two-dimensional optical imaging-based particle sensing platform wherein system components and specifications are selected to generate reproducible and readily identifiable signals, including particle detection signatures, from optical scattering or emission from particles provided to the system. Systems and methods of the present invention are capable of accurately and sensitively detecting, identifying, and characterizing (e.g., determining the size of) particles in liquid phase or gas phase samples.Type: ApplicationFiled: December 2, 2008Publication date: October 1, 2009Inventors: John Mitchell, Dwight A. Sehler, Michael Williamson, David Rice, Jon Sandberg, Karen R. Sandberg
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Publication number: 20090122315Abstract: Apparatus for the detection of analytes in a fluid, for example the eluant from a liquid chromatography is described. Solvent is evaporated from the eluant to produce a stream of particles when analyte is present in the fluid. The resultant stream of particles is passed through one or more beams of radiation, typically visible light, and radiation scattered by the particles is detected at least at a first angle to a beam of radiation and at a second, different, angle to a radiation beam to produce a signal indicative of the presence of the analyte. Chromatographic apparatus incorporating the detector and methods of operating the detector and chromatographic apparatus are also described.Type: ApplicationFiled: May 1, 2008Publication date: May 14, 2009Applicant: WATERS INVESTMENTS LIMITEDInventor: Joseph A. Jarrell
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Patent number: 7518719Abstract: A method and apparatus for detecting contaminants in hydrocarbon fuel are disclosed, wherein a fuel analyzer includes a flow sensor to facilitate an automatic start up and shut down of a fuel analysis, and a calibration standard to facilitate an inline calibration of the fuel analyzer.Type: GrantFiled: January 25, 2007Date of Patent: April 14, 2009Assignee: Velcon Filters, Inc.Inventors: Greg Sprenger, Jed Stevens, Michael White, Richard Hillis, Jacob Lavenberg, Chris Templeman
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Patent number: 7508509Abstract: An image of an object is formed on a matrix detector consisting of pixels and a property dependent on at least one dimension is measured by means of a value related to the object and proportional to the intensity of the optical radiation detected by at least one pixel.Type: GrantFiled: April 29, 2005Date of Patent: March 24, 2009Assignee: Metso Automation OyInventors: Pekka Lehtikoski, Antti Salopuro
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Patent number: 7505132Abstract: A measurement system that can self calibrate is disclosed. The measurement system comprising a first light source directed along a first axis and configured to illuminate a sample volume. The measurement system has a sensor aligned along a second axis and is configured to detect scattered light in the sample volume. The measurement system has a second light source aligned along the second axis that is configured to illuminate the sensor during a calibration procedure.Type: GrantFiled: December 11, 2006Date of Patent: March 17, 2009Assignee: Hach CompanyInventor: Perry A. Palumbo
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Patent number: 7495763Abstract: A measurement system having dual measurements capabilities is disclosed. The measurement system has a light source configured to provide light along a first axis that illuminates a sample media. The measurement system has a first sensor configured to measure scattered light in a sample media. The measurement system has a second sensor configured to measure light passing through the sample media.Type: GrantFiled: December 11, 2006Date of Patent: February 24, 2009Assignee: Hach CompanyInventor: Perry A. Palumbo
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Patent number: 7463159Abstract: The fire detector comprises an insertable detector assembly which includes a sensor arrangement, an electronic evaluation system and a housing which surrounds the sensor arrangement and has openings to provide access by air and, when applicable, smoke to the sensor arrangement. The detector is of modular construction and is configured to accommodate detection modules having sensors for different fire parameters, all detection modules being compatible with a single housing. The detection module may be configured for optical, thermal or optical-thermal fire detection and/or for detecting combustion gases. The sensor arrangement and the above-mentioned access openings are arranged substantially in one plane, whereby a shallow construction is achieved even in the case of a multi-criterion detector. The detection modules have a carrier plate which is identical for all detector types and is insertable in the detector, which carrier plate is configured to accommodate the sensors for the different fire parameters.Type: GrantFiled: June 13, 2003Date of Patent: December 9, 2008Assignee: Siemens Building Technologies AGInventors: Kurt Hess, Max Schlegel
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Publication number: 20080285032Abstract: The light scattering detector according to the present invention aims at simultaneously measuring the molecular weight and size of particles having varieties of diameters. This detector facilitates the measurement operation and knowing how particles associate or dissociate as time progresses. In this detector, the emitted light (static light scattering measurement light) having a first wavelength by the first light source and the emitted light (dynamic light scattering measurement light) having a second wavelength which is different from the first wavelength by the second light source are combined by a beam splitter 5 and coaxially directed onto the sample sell 10 to which a liquid sample S is supplied. While the irradiated area by the static light scattering measurement light is large, the irradiated area by the dynamic light scattering measurement light, which is coherent light, is narrow.Type: ApplicationFiled: August 3, 2007Publication date: November 20, 2008Applicant: SHIMADZU CORPORATIONInventor: Kunihiko Ohkubo
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Patent number: 7447340Abstract: The invention relates to a device (10) and a method for automatically eliciting a thermal avoidance response in nematodes, particularly in order to test pharmaceutical substances. The device (10) has a bearing surface (12) on which sample containers (14) of nematodes (16) are disposed, a laser (18), a selective laser-beam interrupter (27) to regulate the length of the laser pulse, aft and a scanner (22) for projecting and focussing the laser beam and for controlling a deflection. A light source (28) illuminates the sample container (14) with light, which brings about a contrast in the nematodes in the container. An additional light source (29) can also illuminate the sample container (14) with light in order to excite fluorescence-labeled areas of the nematodes, causing them to fluoresce. A real-time image processing device connected to the camera (30) determines the respective positions of all areas relevant for laser irradiation of the nematodes and makes this information available to a controller (32).Type: GrantFiled: March 18, 2002Date of Patent: November 4, 2008Assignee: NemaGain Research, LLCInventors: Karlheinz Tovar, Gerhard Weidner, Evelyn Braungart
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Patent number: 7440100Abstract: A method of evaluating a scattered light signal generated by a scattered light receiver when detecting especially fine particles in a carrier medium, wherein the scattered light signal runs through a filter algorithm operation to evaluate the scattered light signal subject to specific filter algorithms, the filter algorithm operation being based on a slope of the scattered light signal.Type: GrantFiled: December 22, 2004Date of Patent: October 21, 2008Assignee: Wagner Alarm Sicherungssysteme GmbHInventor: Andreas Siemens
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Patent number: 7423751Abstract: The invention provides systems and methods for detecting aerosols. The systems and methods can be used to detect harmful aerosols, such as, bio-aerosols.Type: GrantFiled: February 8, 2006Date of Patent: September 9, 2008Assignee: Northrop Grumman CorporationInventors: Peter P. Hairston, Carl B. Freidhoff
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Publication number: 20080204716Abstract: An instrument for measuring the size distribution of a particle sample by counting and classifying particles into selected size ranges. The particle concentration is reduced to the level where the probability of measuring scattering from multiple particles at one time is reduced to an acceptable level. A light beam is focused or collimated through a sample cell, through which the particles flow. As each particle passes through the beam, it scatters, absorbs, and transmits different amounts of the light, depending upon the particle size. So both the decrease in the beam intensity, due to light removal by the particle, and increase of light, scattered by the particle, may be used to determine the particle size, to classify the particle and count it in a certain size range.Type: ApplicationFiled: October 25, 2007Publication date: August 28, 2008Inventor: Michael Trainer
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Patent number: 7417734Abstract: A system which irradiates light onto a liquid flow containing a biological particle, detects the light therefrom to collect biological information thereon, and sorts the biological particle based upon the biological information, comprises an optical detector for detecting the light from the biological particle; an imaging device for imaging the flow and a droplet split off the flow; means for calculating, based upon the image taken by the imaging device, a distance from a detection point where the optical detector detects the light from the biological particle to a lower end position of the flow, and an interval between adjacent droplets split off the flow, thereby calculating a time that the particle moves from the detection point to the lower end position, based upon the distance and the interval; and means for providing the flow with electrons of a predetermined polarity depending upon the feature of the biological particle, when the calculated time passes after the optical detector detects the light fromType: GrantFiled: April 28, 2005Date of Patent: August 26, 2008Assignee: Bay Bioscience Kabushiki KaishaInventor: Masahiko Kanda
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Publication number: 20080192252Abstract: The invention provides an optical measuring device capable of performing measuring using a transient diffraction grating by only adjusting probe light, and a nanoparticle measuring device using the same principle as the optical measuring device.Type: ApplicationFiled: July 15, 2005Publication date: August 14, 2008Applicant: SHIMADZU CORPORATIONInventors: Naoji Moriya, Shinichiro Totoki, Yuzo Nagumo, Yukihisa Wada, Naofumi Sakauchi, Fujio Inoue, Masahiro Takebe, Makiko Masutomi
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Patent number: 7397561Abstract: Systems and techniques for improved spectroscopy. In some embodiments, mechanical and/or optical zoom mechanisms may be provided for monochromator systems. For example, movable detector systems allow a detector to be positioned with respect to a dispersive element in order to obtain a first resolution. The detector systems may then allow the detector to be positioned with respect to a dispersive element to obtain a second different resolution. In some embodiments, spectroscopy of a first sample region may be performed using a plurality of excitation wavelengths. Multiple detectors may be positioned to receive light associated with different ones of the plurality of excitation wavelengths.Type: GrantFiled: August 16, 2006Date of Patent: July 8, 2008Assignee: WaferMasters, IncorporatedInventor: Woo Sik Yoo
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Publication number: 20080030730Abstract: An apparatus for measuring the impurity content of drinking water processes has a monochromatic light source projecting a beam of visible light toward a light trap. A water sample generator passes a water sample transverse to and intersecting the beam of light. A photo sensor array with an angular resolution of at least 0.10° detects forward scattered light from particles in the water sample. A data acquisition and processing system connected to the photo sensor array receives signals of the intensity of scattered light as a function of the scattering angle and compares the received light intensities to stored patterns of known waterborne contaminants. Based upon detected contaminants and their concentrations, the data acquisition and processing system provides an output on a connector which can be used to control a water processing system to adjust treatment of drinking water for contamination such as bacterial pathogens.Type: ApplicationFiled: August 3, 2006Publication date: February 7, 2008Applicant: The United States of America as represented by the United States Environmental Protection AgencyInventors: Robert Clark, Pratim Biswas, Virendra Sethi, Roy C. Haught
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Patent number: 7302360Abstract: A system and method of inspecting semiconductor wafers that is capable of determining a scattering power associated with a wafer surface defect whether or not the scattering power associated with the defect exceeds the dynamic range of the system. The scattering power of the detected defect is obtained by determining the height of a Gaussian shape representing data collected by the system. The height of the Gaussian shape may be determined by defining a cross-sectional area of the Gaussian shape at an intermediate height, determining a cross-sectional area value and combining the area value, intermediate height and a slope value m that is representative of a relationship between the area of a cross-section in a Gaussian pulse and the height of the pulse at the cross-section. The technique increases the dynamic range of the equipment with a uniform scan process that can determine all defect sizes in a single scan pass.Type: GrantFiled: December 29, 2005Date of Patent: November 27, 2007Assignee: Ade CorporationInventor: Neil Judell
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Patent number: 7294513Abstract: A method and apparatus is described by which means molecules in suspension may be characterized in terms of the size and mass distributions present. As a sample solution is separated by centrifugal means, it is illuminated at a particular radial distance from the axis of rotation by a fine, preferably monochromatic, light beam. Despite the high resolution of such devices, a key problem associated with most separators based upon use of centrifugal forces is the difficulty in deriving the absolute size and/or molar mass of the separating molecules. By integrating means to detect light scattered, over a range of scattering angles, from samples undergoing centrifugal separation, molecular sizes in the sub-micrometer range may be derived, even in the presence of diffusion. Adding a second light beam at a displaced rotational angle, preferably of an ultraviolet wavelength, that intersects the sample at the same radial region as the first beam permits determination of the molecular concentration at that region.Type: GrantFiled: February 16, 2007Date of Patent: November 13, 2007Assignee: Wyatt Technology CorporationInventor: Philip J. Wyatt
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Patent number: 7151604Abstract: In accordance with various embodiments, particle detection systems and method for particle detection are provided. In exemplary embodiments, the particle detection system includes at least one detector and a light source that provides light. The exemplary system can further include a radial collimator disposed surrounding a sample volume, wherein the radial collimator directs the light onto the sample volume. Various embodiments include an illumination morphing element having a light output end adjacent to the radial collimator and a light input end coupled to the light source. Various embodiments can also include a plurality of detection morphing elements wherein each of the plurality of detection morphing elements includes a light input end adjacent to the radial collimator and a light output end coupled to one or more of the at least one detectors.Type: GrantFiled: September 28, 2004Date of Patent: December 19, 2006Assignee: Honeywell International Inc.Inventors: Robert J. Saccomanno, Ivan B. Steiner
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Patent number: 7145653Abstract: A system and method is provided for monitoring and controlling the contaminant particle count contained in an aerosol during a photoresist coating and/or development process of a semiconductor. The monitoring system monitors the contaminate particle count present in the environment of the photoresist coating and/or development process, such as in a process chamber or a cup, enclosing the wafer during the process. The present invention employs in situ laser scattering or laser doppler anemometry techniques to detect the particle count level in the chamber or cup. A plurality of lasers and detectors can be positioned at different heights in or outside of a chamber or cup to facilitate detecting particles at different height levels. A laser could be used in conjunction with mirrors to provide a similar measurement. The particle count level can be used to compare with the defect level, so that it can be determined if a cleaner environment and/or process should be implemented.Type: GrantFiled: June 9, 2000Date of Patent: December 5, 2006Assignee: Advanced Micro Devices, Inc.Inventors: Michael K. Templeton, Bharath Rangarajan
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Patent number: 7133132Abstract: An optical trap and method for measuring both transverse and longitudinal forces on a trapped particle. Laser light sources generate first and second light beams that are focused to the trap region in a counter-propagating manner for trapping the particle. Detectors measure changes in power deflections of the light beams leaving the trap region, and changes in power concentrations of the light beams leaving the trap region. A processor calculates the transverse forces on the particle based upon the measured changes in the power deflections of the light beams, and calculates the longitudinal forces on the particle based upon the measured changes in the power concentrations of the light beams. A single beam optical trap and method are also disclosed, where the second optical beam is generated by a reflection of the first optical beam off of the trapped particle.Type: GrantFiled: September 17, 2004Date of Patent: November 7, 2006Assignee: The Regents of the University of CaliforniaInventors: Carlos J. Bustamante, Steven B. Smith
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Patent number: 7126687Abstract: Characterizing individual airborne particles in real time according to their absorption of optical energy at one or more wavelengths. The instrument can measure the two-dimensional angular optical scattering (TAOS) and/or the one-dimensional angular optical scattering (ODAOS) at one or more wavelengths. When two wavelengths are used, one is chosen to be on an absorption peak, the other is off of the absorption peak (preferably in the absorption valley).Type: GrantFiled: June 19, 2003Date of Patent: October 24, 2006Assignee: The United States of America as represented by the Secretary of the ArmyInventors: Steven Clyde Hill, Ronald Gene Pinnick, Yong-Le Pan, Kevin Bruce Aptowicz, Kristan P. Gurton, Richard Kounai Chang
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Patent number: 7106442Abstract: Enhanced methods, apparatuses and systems are disclosed for the real-time detection and classification of biological and non-biological particles by substantially simultaneously measuring a single particle's characteristics in terms of size and density, elastic scattering properties, and absorption and fluorescence.Type: GrantFiled: April 29, 2004Date of Patent: September 12, 2006Inventors: David B. Silcott, Alexander J. Fielding
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Patent number: 7079243Abstract: A method of noise reduction in a system where polarization mode fluctuations contribute to the noise in a signal is provided. Specifically, a corrected signal is formed by adjusting the relative and overall intensity of the orthogonal polarization components of an unpolarized laser source at a first detector positioned at a first angle with respect to the laser beam axis so that the first detector has the same sensitivity to polarization as a second detector positioned at a second angle with respect to the laser beam axis. This corrected signal is then subtracted from the signal at the second detector which detects a desired signal.Type: GrantFiled: July 16, 2003Date of Patent: July 18, 2006Assignee: Research Electro-Optics, Inc.Inventors: Jon C. Sandberg, Quentin A. Turchette
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Patent number: 7070920Abstract: A screening device for performing an immunoassay test to detect the presence of a compound in a body fluid. The device includes a holder for removably receiving a membrane to which the fluid has been applied. A light is directed to the membrane. A photodetector measures the concentration of the light reflected back from the membrane. Specifically, the concentrations of reflected light from a control zone and a test zone are measured. Signals representative of the measured light concentrations are applied to a processor. If a specified concentration of predetermined light from a control zone on the membrane is detected, the processor considers the test to be successful. In the test is successful, the processor, based upon the measured concentration of reflected light from the test zone, generates data representative of the presence of the compound.Type: GrantFiled: January 12, 2001Date of Patent: July 4, 2006Assignee: Cozart Bioscience LimitedInventors: Robin James Spivey, Christopher William Hand, Dene Baldwin, Osborn Pierce Jones
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Patent number: 7057724Abstract: An improvement in a system that includes a group of field units (10, 10A) that each identifies unknown microscopic particles by use of a computer that compares an unknown particle interrogation pattern to the interrogation patterns of a set of known species of particles, which facilitates upgrading of the group of field units. Each field unit is connected by a communication link (84) to a central station (80). The central station can send interrogation patterns of a new species of particle to the field unit computers, which store them in a known-species-particle memory (34) that holds patterns of previously known species of particles. The field unit stores the patterns of unidentified particles in a memory (90) and notifies the central station when it has detected an invasion of a new species.Type: GrantFiled: March 20, 2003Date of Patent: June 6, 2006Assignee: Institute of Critical Care MedicineInventors: Donald Mead, Gregory Quist
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Patent number: 7016022Abstract: An optical alignment system for aligning a light beam with a core flow in a flow stream. The flow stream may have a sheath fluid and a core flow, where the core flow has a current position within the flow stream. A light source may be used to produce a light beam, and an optical element may be used to direct the light beam at the core flow. In some illustrative embodiments, an actuator is provided for moving the optical element, light source and/or flow stream such that the light directed by the optical element is aligned with the current position of the core flow.Type: GrantFiled: September 9, 2004Date of Patent: March 21, 2006Assignee: Honeywell International Inc.Inventors: Bernard S. Fritz, James A. Cox, Aravind Padmanabhan
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Patent number: 6970243Abstract: A particle size distribution measuring apparatus which can enhance the precision and the reliability of measurements by eliminating the region of the particle size having inferior measuring precision and resolution is disclosed. In one embodiment, the particle size distribution measuring apparatus has a cell for receiving particles, a light source section for irradiating laser lights with a plurality of wavelengths to the cell, a detector for measuring the intensity of a direct light passing through the cell and the scattered lights at a plurality of scattering angles, and an arithmetic processing section which determines the particle size distribution by using the laser light of one wavelengths for the region of the particle size having low sensitivity at another wavelength in the whole range of the particle size to be measured to compensate the sensitivity of the region.Type: GrantFiled: February 15, 2002Date of Patent: November 29, 2005Assignee: Horiba, Ltd.Inventor: Yoshiaki Togawa
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Patent number: 6937332Abstract: A fluid quality sensor system comprising a light source, a first light sensitive element disposed at a distance from the light source, forming a gap having dimensions suitable for permitting a fluid to flow therebetween, and aligned with the light source to receive light transmitted by the light source through the fluid, a second light sensitive element disposed perpendicular to a midpoint of a light path between the light source and the first light sensitive element, and a third light sensitive element disposed so as to form an acute angle at the midpoint with the light source.Type: GrantFiled: June 14, 2002Date of Patent: August 30, 2005Assignee: Honeywell International Inc.Inventors: Kevin J. Engler, Thomas R. Giuffre, Gary R. O'Brien