Abstract: A dot projector may include a vertical-cavity surface-emitting laser (VCSEL). The dot projector may include one or more collimating elements to collimate light emitted by the VCSEL. An effective focal length of the one or more collimating elements may be larger than an optics length of the dot projector. The dot projector may include an optical element including a periodic optical phase function to replicate the light after collimation by the one or more collimating elements and an aberration-correcting phase function to correct spot aberrations in a dot pattern resulting from the tiling or splitting of the light.

Abstract: A mounting head includes a drive part that moves in a vertical direction to apply a load to an electronic component, a float part supported by the drive part in a vertically movable manner, and a linear motor that applies a vertical upward pressing force to the float part. The linear motor includes a stator fixed on the drive part and a moving member fixed on the float part. The drive part moves downward in the vertical direction to apply the load due to own weight of the float part to the electronic component to mount the electronic component onto the board. The linear motor is driven to control a magnitude of the load applied to the electronic component by applying the vertical upward pressing force to the float part.

Abstract: An optical positioning aid for a distance sensor for assisting in the positioning of the distance sensor relative to a measurement object includes a light source and a control unit. The light source is generates a setting light beam having a wavelength in the visible range and is suitable for generating a light spot on a measurement object. The control unit has a distance input and is communicatively connected to the light source to control at least one property of the setting light beam. The control unit evaluates an input value input into the distance input and influences at least one property of the setting light beam on the basis of a result of the evaluation such that the setting light beam allows conclusions to be drawn concerning the input value. A distance measuring system and a method for assisting in the positioning of a distance sensor are also disclosed.

Abstract: This application provides an ultra-short-throw picture and screen alignment method which includes that: a first lateral projected image and a second lateral projected image are acquired by two cameras when an ultra-short-throw projector projects a picture; image processing is performed on the first lateral projected image and the second lateral projected image to obtain a projection position in a projection area and a screen position in a screen area; and the picture is adjusted according to the screen position and the projection position, so that a position of an adjusted projection picture and a target position coincide. In this application, the projected images are acquired by the two cameras, thereby ensuring acquisition of complete images.

Abstract: A substrate transfer assembly that transfers a substrate includes a robot arm configured to transfer the substrate, a laser disposed at the robot arm and emitting one or more rays of light, an image sensor disposed at the robot arm and generating a photographed picture or video including an image of a front object by the one or more emitted rays of light, and a control circuit configured to control transfer of the substrate based on the image present in the photographed picture or video.

Abstract: A system for determining a fly height includes a first head of a disk drive, a second head of the disk drive, a capacitive sensor circuit coupled to the first head and the second head, and a logic device coupled to the capacitive sensor circuit. The capacitive sensor circuit is configured to measure a first capacitance between the first head and the first disk, remove noise from the first capacitance using a second capacitance between the second head and the second disk, and based thereon determine a corrected first capacitance. The logic device is configured to determine the fly height between the first head and the first disk using the corrected first capacitance.

Abstract: In a base element of a waveguide for a detector system at least a portion of radiation passing via the front side and incident on the diffractive element in a selection region is deflected via the diffractive element such that the deflected portion is propagated as coupled-in radiation in the base element by reflection to the out-coupling region and is incident on the associated out-coupling section of the out-coupling region. The out-coupling region couples at least a portion of the radiation out of the base element such that it is incident on the associated sensor section of the sensor unit, which continuously measures the intensity of the incident radiation and supplies the control unit. The control unit determines the distance of the object from the front side of the base element according to the measured intensity.

Abstract: A calibration system includes: a reference device including an array of markers at predetermined positions; a camera; and a computing device configured to: store reference data defining the predetermined positions of the markers in a capture volume frame of reference; obtain a calibration image of the reference device captured by the camera; detect image positions of the markers in the calibration image, the image positions defined according to camera frame of reference; based on the image positions of the markers and the reference data, generate calibration data mapping coordinates in the camera frame of reference to coordinates in the capture volume frame of reference.

Abstract: An opto-magnetic rotary position encoder includes a polarization optical encoder and a magnetic encoder, both configured for on-axis placement and operation with respect to a rotational axis of a rotating component. A polarization sensor digital control block and a magnetic sensor digital control block are configured and operative to combine polarizer channel position data and magnetic channel position data in a manner providing for one or more of (1) redundancy, (2) calibration, (3) monitoring performance of one channel in relation to the other channel, or (4) compensation or correction of one channel based on the other channel.

Abstract: A shift control method in manufacture of semiconductor device includes at least the following step. A plurality of semiconductor dies is encapsulated with an insulating encapsulation over a carrier, where at least portions of the plurality of semiconductor dies are shifted after encapsulating. A lithographic pattern is formed at least on the plurality of semiconductor die, where forming the lithographic pattern includes compensating for a shift in a position of the portions of the plurality of semiconductor dies.

Abstract: The systems and methods described herein provide improved techniques for OCT guided robotic ophthalmic procedures. A method includes receiving, during OCT scanning of an eye, position data of a plurality of galvanometer scanners from a plurality of absolute and incremental encoders coupled to the corresponding galvanometer scanners. The method further includes receiving scan data related to one or more tissues of the eye. The method further includes determining, a set of first positions of the one or more tissues of the eye in a first 3D coordinate system. The method further includes determining, based on the set of first positions and a mapping between the first and a second 3D coordinate systems, a position in the second 3D coordinate system for a surgical instrument coupled to a robotic device. The method includes causing the robotic device to move the surgical instrument to the position in the second 3D coordinate system.

Abstract: A three-dimensional data generation method includes the following processing. A processor acquires two or more images of a component inside a turbine. The processor detects two or more correspondence regions that are the same regions in at least two images. The processor determines whether at least part of a region of each image is a change region or a non-change region. The processor generates three-dimensional data by using a correspondence region determined to be the change region without using a correspondence region determined to be the non-change region.

Abstract: Devices, methods, and systems for detecting proximity. A first light emitter emits light for a first time period while a light detector is not sensing. A second light emitter emits light for a second time period while the light detector is sensing. In some implementations, the first light emitter directly illuminates the light detector during the first time period, whereas the second light emitter is obstructed from directly illuminating the light detector during the second time period. In some implementations, the first light emitter is obstructed from illuminating a display during the first time period, and the second light emitter is obstructed from directly illuminating the light detector during the second time period. In some implementations, the first light emitter emits the light during the first time period such that the light detector maintains a linear responsivity during the second time period.

Abstract: The disclosed are a deflection calibration apparatus and method for a laser type high-speed deflection tester. The apparatus comprises rigid supports, rotating discs, driving systems and a deflection calibration unit; the rotating discs are mounted on the rigid supports and driven by the driving systems to rotate, and upper surfaces of the rotating discs are processed into inclined planes having a slope in the circumferential direction; the deflection calibration unit is used for calibrating a laser type high-speed deflection tester according to measured and theoretical deflection values; laser emitted by a Laser-Doppler vibrometer is incident on the upper surfaces of the rotating discs to obtain the measured deflection value; the deflection calibration unit calculates the theoretical deflection value according to the inclination angle and the rotational angular velocity of each rotating disc and the distance between a laser incident point and the gyration center of each rotating disc.

Abstract: An optoelectronic sensor for the detection of objects in a monitored zone is provided that has a light transmitter for transmitting a light beam, a light receiver for generating a received signal from the light beam remitted by the objects in the monitored zone, a control and evaluation unit for the detection of information on the objects with reference to the received signal, a base unit, a scanning unit movable with respect to the base unit for the periodic scanning of the monitored zone, and a drive having a hollow shaft for moving the scanning unit, wherein the scanning unit comprises a first data transmission unit and the base unit comprises a second data transmission unit to exchange data wirelessly between the base unit and the scanning unit through the hollow shaft, The first data transmission unit and the second data transmission unit are configured as microwave units for the data exchange by means of microwave signals.

Abstract: A driving method is provided. The driving method includes providing first driving information to a first driving element to drive a first movable portion to move relative a fixed portion in a first direction. The first driving information has a total duration, and includes positive driving signal, negative driving signal, and middle driving signal. The positive driving signal has a positive duration, the negative driving signal has a negative duration, and the middle driving signal has a middle duration. The positive duration, the negative duration, and the middle duration add up as the total duration. A ratio of the positive duration to the total duration is between 0.1 and 0.15.

Abstract: Disclosed are various embodiments for a surveying and navigation system that includes reflectors designed to both (1) facilitate surveying of a facility area using a three-dimensional (3D) light detection and ranging (LiDAR) scanner and (2) enable guidance of an automated guided vehicle (AGV) within the facility area. The reflectors are designed to include at least one surface section that is free of a highly reflective surface (e.g., retro-reflective) that is used to guide the AGVs within a facility. When a reflector is scanned by the surveying during a surveying phase, the surface section of the reflector surface that is free of the reflective surface scatters the light associated with the scan. The corresponding scattered data can be used to discern the shape of the reflector thereby enabling an accurate determination of the reflector location coordinates for surveying.

Abstract: Provided are a fringe information measuring apparatus that measures information on a fringe region using a temperature sensor array and a substrate treating system including the same. The fringe information measuring apparatus comprises: a laser sensor configured to output a first laser light and a second laser light to intersect each other; a thermal sensor array configured to pass through a fringe region formed by the intersection of the first laser light and the second laser light; and a control module configured to measure a position of the fringe region based on information obtained when the thermal sensor array passes through the fringe region.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a measuring device (10) and a method for determining a depth of field of an optical structure (100). In this case, the measuring device comprises a device body (12) with a measuring axis (14), the device body (12) being formed such that, in a measuring position, it can be placed in a stationary manner on a deposit plane of the optical structure such that the measuring axis (14) of the device body (12) coincides with an optical axis of the optical structure, wherein the device body (12) has a measurement scale (18) arranged along a scale line (16) such that the scale line (16) encloses with the direction of the measuring axis (14) a scale angle ? greater than 0° and less than 90° and the measurement scale (18) can be optically detected in the measuring position of the device body (12) by the optical structure (100) for determining the depth of field.

Abstract: A light-emitting module includes: a plurality of light-emitting elements located on a mounting surface; one or more optical members configured to control light emitted from each of the plurality of light-emitting elements, and allow output light and monitor light for controlling an output of the output light to exit; and a detection unit configured to detect the monitor light. The one or more optical members include a first optical member on which the light emitted from the plurality of light-emitting elements is incident. The plurality of light-emitting elements comprises a plurality of first light-emitting elements, which are, among the plurality of light-emitting elements, all light-emitting elements that are configured to emit light incident on the first optical member. The detection unit includes: a first condensing lens configured to condense the monitor light, and a light-receiving element configured to receive the monitor light exiting from the first condensing lens.

Abstract: Embodiments provide a mobile robot platform for processing an aircraft structural component with a robot, with a platform which can be moved on a floor in a horizontal movement direction, and with a height adjustment unit, arranged on the platform, the robot being arranged in a vertically adjustable fashion on the height adjustment unit and in at least one processing mode of the mobile robot platform the height adjustment unit is arranged in a non-pivoting fashion with respect to the platform, the robot having robot kinematics for positioning an end effector, and the robot kinematics having a first robot joint with a first robot limb, which is mounted ahead of the first robot joint, and with a second robot limb, which is mounted after the first robot joint, and a second robot joint ahead of which the second robot limb is mounted and after which a third robot limb is mounted.

Abstract: A communication hole inspection device for inspecting a communication hole in a structure, a casting surface being formed on an inner surface of the hole, said communication hole inspection device having: a light-emitting body that is arranged in a portion of the communication hole and emits a beam of light; a light-receiving body that is arranged in a different portion of the communication hole and receives the light beam from the light-emitting body; a rotation mechanism for changing the rotation angle of the light-emitting body and thereby changing the light beam received by the light-receiving body; and a determination unit for determining the open state of the communication hole at least on the basis of based on the light beam received by the light-receiving body when the rotation angle of the light-emitting body is set at a first angle, and at a second angle different from the first angle.

Abstract: The invention concerns a lidar unit (10), in particular a laser scanner, for laser-based distance measurement for a vehicle, with a transmitter module (12) that is designed to emit a laser beam, and a receiver module (14) that is designed to receive a reflection of the emitted laser beam, wherein the lidar unit (10) has a mounting element (16) for attaching the transmitter module (12) and the receiver module (14), the mounting element (16) and the transmitter module (12) comprise corresponding first stop surfaces (26, 28) for aligning the transmitter module (12) on the mounting element (16), the mounting element (16) and the receiver module (14) comprise corresponding second stop surfaces (32, 34) for aligning the receiver module (14) on the mounting element (16), the transmitter module (12) is pre-calibrated in relation to its first stop surface (26) and the receiver module (14) is pre-calibrated in relation its second stop surface (32).

Abstract: A patient support, such as a bed, a cot, a stretcher, or the like, for supporting an occupant includes sensors adapted to detect a status of the patient support, such as the width of the width-adjustable patient support component or the locked or unlocked state of the patient support component. A control system for the patient support is configured to determine if the patient support is in an unacceptable status, such as an unacceptable width configuration or an unlocked state, based on the sensed status. The control system is adapted to issue an alert or take action or prompt a caregiver to take an action if the patient support status is unacceptable.

Abstract: An overlay measurement device includes a transmission and receipt part and a processor connecting to the transmission and receipt part electrically. The processor obtains data transmitted from a user terminal through the transmission and receipt part, analyzes a recipe included in the data, and performs optimization of measurement options of a wafer, based on the recipe, after the recipe is analyzed.

Abstract: A robot system including a robot apparatus and an imaging apparatus includes a control apparatus configured to control the robot apparatus and the imaging apparatus, and the control apparatus controls, based on a path in which a predetermined part of the robot apparatus is moved, a movement of the imaging apparatus to image the predetermined part even if the robot apparatus is moved.

Abstract: A catheter procedure system includes a base and a robotic mechanism having a longitudinal axis and being movable relative to the base along the longitudinal axis. The robotic mechanism includes a robotic drive base including at least one drive mechanism, a cassette operatively secured to the robotic drive base, a rigid guide coupled to the cassette and fixed relative to the robotic mechanism and a flexible track having a distal end, a proximal end and a plurality of reflective sections. At least a portion of the flexible track is disposed within the rigid guide. The robotic mechanism also includes a position detector mounted to the robotic drive base and positioned beneath the flexible track. The position detector is configured to detect light reflected off of the reflective sections of the flexible track and to determine the position of the distal end of the flexible track based on the detected reflected light.

Abstract: There is provided a physiological detection device including a light source, a light detector, a processing unit and a display device. The light source emits light to illuminate a skin surface. The light detector receives the light from the skin surface to output detected signals. The processing unit confirms an attached state according to the detected signals and controls the display device to show an indication signal or a warning message when the attached state is confirmed not good.

Abstract: A displacement measurement device 10 is provided with: a laser light source 11 for emitting laser light to a measurement area R of a measurement target object S; a focusing optical system (the beam splitter 151, the first reflecting mirror 1521, the condenser lens 155) having a front focal point in the measurement area R and a rear focal point on a predetermined imaging surface (the detection surface 1561); a non-focusing optical system (the beam splitter 151, the diffuser 153, the second reflecting mirror 1522, and the condenser lens 155) in which light from a measurement area R of a correspondence point in the measurement area corresponding to each point of the imaging surface with respect to the focusing optical system is incident on the point of the imaging surface; and a photodetector (image sensor 156) configured to detect light intensity on the imaging surface for each point.

Abstract: A computer-implemented method for defect analysis is provided. The computer-implemented method includes obtaining a plurality of sets of defect point coordinates, a respective set of the plurality of sets of detect point coordinates including coordinates of defect points in a respective substrate of a plurality of substrates, the coordinates of defect points in the respective substrate being coordinates in an image coordinate system; combining the plurality of sets of defect point coordinates according to the image coordinate system into a composite set of coordinates to generate a composite image; and performing a clustering analysis to classify defect points in the composite set in the composite image into a plurality of clusters.

Abstract: A method and system by which a bounding box disposed around a segmented object in a camera (or other perception sensor) 2D image can be used to produce an estimate for both the location of the object—its position relative to the position of the camera that obtained the image (i.e., translation)—and the angle of rotation of the surface that the object is located on. The method and system may be used by an advanced driver assistance system (ADAS), an autonomous driving (AD) system, or the like. The input includes a simple camera (or other perception sensor) 2D image, with the ego vehicle generating 2D or 3D bounding boxes for objects detected at the scene. The output includes, for each object, its estimated distance from the ego vehicle camera/perception sensor and the angle of rotation of the surface underneath the object relative to the surface underneath the ego vehicle.

Abstract: Provided is a method of evaluating a silicon wafer, the method including a first determination that determines the presence or absence of an abnormality by inspecting a surface of an evaluation-target silicon wafer with a light scattering type surface inspection device; and a second determination that determines the presence or absence of an abnormality through observing, with an atomic force microscope, a region of the surface of the evaluation-target silicon wafer, where the presence of an abnormality has not been confirmed in the first determination.

Abstract: Probes that define retroreflectors, probe systems that include the probes, and methods of utilizing the probes. The probes include the retroreflector, which is defined by a retroreflector body. The retroreflector body includes a first side, an opposed second side, a tapered region that extends from the first side, and a light-receiving region that is defined on the second side. The probes also include a probe tip, which is configured to provide a test signal to a device under test (DUT) and/or to receive a resultant signal from the DUT. The retroreflector is configured to receive light, via the light-receiving region, at a light angle of incidence. The retroreflector also is configured to emit at least an emitted fraction of the light, from the retroreflector body and via the light-receiving region, at a light angle of emission that is at least substantially equal to the light angle of incidence.

Abstract: Aspects of the present invention relate to user interface control of a head-worn computer.

Abstract: An encoder includes a scale and a sensor. The scale has first and second absolute patterns. The sensor includes a light source, and first and second absolute light receivers. The first and second absolute light receivers receive light from the first and second absolute patterns, respectively. The first absolute light receiver receives light from the first pattern and includes first and second light receiving elements. Each first light receiving elements outputs a first signal with a first phase. Each second light receiving elements outputs a first signal with a second phase. The first and second light receiving elements are arranged alternately. The second absolute light receiver includes third and fourth light receiving elements. Each third light receiving element outputs a second signal with the first phase. The third and fourth light receiving elements are arranged alternately. Each fourth light receiving element outputs a second signal with the second phase.

Abstract: An information processing method calculates a position of a feature corresponding to a trace in a first coordinate system, calculates a position of the feature corresponding to the trace in a second coordinate system, and calculates a size of a first distribution of the position of the feature corresponding to the trace in the first coordinate system and a size of a second distribution of the position of the feature corresponding to the trace in the second coordinate system. Additionally, the information processing method outputs information indicating that the feature corresponding to the trace is the trace formed on the surface of the workpiece in the machining process, and outputs information indicating that the feature corresponding to the trace is a false detection of the trace in the inspection process.

Abstract: System, methods, and apparatus for determining a foundation profile of a floor and/or a room profile of a room based on information obtained by a scanner device. For example, a scanner device can perform a scan operation of at least one floor in at least one room, generate a foundation profile that describes at least an area underneath the at least one floor based on the scan operation, and generate and send, to a server, a message comprising the foundation profile for the at least one floor and a location of the building. The server can receive the message, determine, based on the location of the building, an account identifier that uniquely identifies an account associated with the building, and store the foundation profile for the at least one floor in a database in a location associated with the account identifier.

Abstract: Systems for electroplating seal inspection may include a module configured to support a seal for inspection. The module may include a set of supports positioned to contact an interior rim of the seal. The module may be configured to rotate the seal about a central axis. The system may also include a detector positioned on the module. The detector may be positioned to scan an exterior surface of the seal.

Abstract: A shutdown circuit may include a filter, for receiving a laser trigger signal for a laser emitter, that is configured to output a filtered signal. The shutdown circuit may include a logic gate configured to receive the filtered signal and at least one of a first signal based on a signal from a photodiode or a second signal based on a signal from a conductive path. The shutdown circuit may include a flip-flop configured to receive an output of the logic gate and to output an enablement signal that is based on the output of the logic gate, and a driver circuit for a switch configured to control current flow to the laser emitter. The driver circuit may be configured to receive the enablement signal and the laser trigger signal and to output the laser trigger signal based on whether the enablement signal is a first or a second voltage.

Abstract: Certain embodiments provide a self-checking photoelectric sensor that is configured to determine a characteristic (e.g., an amount of blockage and/or wellness/decay) of an optical pathway (e.g., an electro-optical pathway). An example method generally includes increasing, over a time period that starts at a first time, a current input to a light emitting element (LEE). The method generally includes receiving, by a light detection element, an output of the LEE via the optical pathway during the time period. The method generally includes converting, during the time period, the LEE output to a voltage output. The method generally includes determining a second time in the time period when the voltage output crosses a threshold. The method generally includes determining the characteristic of the optical pathway between the LEE and the light detection element based on a difference between the second time and the first time.

Abstract: A method comprises receiving one or more inputs captured by a camera of a device, and determining, using one or more machine learning models, whether the one or more inputs depict at least one object configured to capture a visual representation of a screen of the device. A recommendation is generated responsive to an affirmative determination, the recommendation comprising at least one action to prevent the capture of the visual representation of the screen of the device.

Abstract: A system for determining a fly height includes a first head of a disk drive, a second head of the disk drive, a capacitive sensor circuit coupled to the first head and the second head, and a logic device coupled to the capacitive sensor circuit. The capacitive sensor circuit is configured to measure a first capacitance between the first head and the first disk, remove noise from the first capacitance using a second capacitance between the second head and the second disk, and based thereon determine a corrected first capacitance. The logic device is configured to determine the fly height between the first head and the first disk using the corrected first capacitance.

Abstract: An electronic device comprising a deformable object which is at least partially filled with a light-absorbing material, one or more light sources configured to illuminate the inside of the deformable object, an imaging unit configured to capture respective images of the light sources, and circuitry configured to reconstruct the shape of the deformable object based on the captured images of the light sources.

Abstract: A medical or dental imaging system for generating an image of a part of the head, comprising: an x-ray source and an x-ray detector which move around the head to generate x-ray images at different positions, a tracking device which provides sensor data indicative of any movement of the head during the acquisition of the x-ray images and a computer which generates tracking data based on the sensor data and calculates an x-ray image of the head part based on the x-ray images and on the tracking data to compensate for any movement of the head part during the acquisition of the x-ray images, wherein the tracking device comprises at least one camera and an attachment device for detachable attachment of the camera to the patient.

Abstract: A surveying instrument including an optical axis deflector which integrally deflects a distance measuring optical axis and a light receiving optical axis, a narrow-angle image pickup module having an optical axis a part of which is common to the distance measuring optical axis, a distance measurement calculation module and an arithmetic control module, in which the wavelength dispersion compensation prisms which is constituted of a plurality of optical members having the different wavelength characteristics are provided in the part of which is common to the distance measuring optical axis and the narrow-angle image pickup optical axis, the arithmetic control module performs the distance measurement of a measuring point based on a signal of the distance measuring light and a signal of the reflected distance measuring light, and acquires a narrow-angle image in which the dispersion has been compensated by the wavelength dispersion compensation prisms.

Abstract: Methods for determining a value of an intrinsic geometrical parameter of a geometrical feature characterizing a physical object, and for classifying a scene into at least one geometrical shape, each geometrical shape modeling a luminous object. A singular light distribution characterized by a first wavelength and a position of singularity is projected onto the physical object. Light excited by the singular light distribution that has interacted with the geometrical feature and that impinges upon a detector is detected and a return energy distribution is identified and quantified at one or more positions. A deep learning or neural network layer may be employed, using the detected light as direct input of the neural network layer, adapted to classify the scene, as a plurality of shapes, static or dynamic, the shapes being part of a set of shapes predetermined or acquired by learning.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to a tracking system for tracking the position and orientation of an object in an environment, the tracking system including: (a) a tracking base positioned in the environment; (b) a tracking target mountable to the object, wherein in use the tracking base is linked to the tracking target by: (i) a bidirectional light beam transmitted therebetween; and, (ii) a unidirectional light beam transmitted therebetween, said unidirectional light beam parallel to the bidirectional light beam; and, (c) at least one controller configured to determine a roll angle of the tracking target relative to the tracking base, the roll angle determined at least in part by signals received from a sensor housed in at least one of the tracking base and the tracking target that detects the unidirectional light beam.

Abstract: Disclosed are techniques for determining a motion state of a target object. In an aspect, an on-board computer of an ego vehicle detects the target object in one or more images, determines one or more first attributes of the target object based on measurements of the one or more images, determines one or more second attributes of the target object based on measurements of a map of a roadway on which the target object is travelling, and determines the motion state of the target object based on the one or more first attributes and the one or more second attributes of the target object.

Abstract: A system for mechanical testing a specimen includes a 3D printed mechanical testing fixture; a linear actuator having an axis of movement; a controller configured to control the linear actuator; two cameras; a data-acquisition system configured to acquire data from the linear actuator, the controller, and the two cameras; and the specimen. The specimen is marked in two locations with tracking markers to provide indication to the data acquisition system via at least one camera of movement and change in length of the specimen. The fixture includes force-sensing beams extending perpendicular to the axis of force.

Abstract: A method for generating a 3D combined model that represents a scene includes acquiring the coordinates in an external geodetic frame, acquiring at least one 3D primary model representing the scene, which model includes primary model elements, oriented in the geodetic frame. The primary model elements are assigned measured primary physical property values in the form of coordinates in a local three-dimensional coordinate system of the corresponding point. The method further includes generating a 3D secondary model representing the scene, wherein at least some secondary model elements are assigned coordinates in the local coordinate system and at least one secondary physical property value. At least some secondary model elements are assigned coordinates in the external geodetic frame. The primary and at least one secondary model are then combined. Also disclosed are a related system and reference members for use in the system.