Abstract: A method including performing a simulation to evaluate a plurality of metrology targets and/or a plurality of metrology recipes used to measure a metrology target, identifying one or more metrology targets and/or metrology recipes from the evaluated plurality of metrology targets and/or metrology recipes, receiving measurement data of the one or more identified metrology targets and/or metrology recipes, and using the measurement data to tune a metrology target parameter or metrology recipe parameter.

Abstract: According to one aspect of the present invention, a pattern inspection apparatus includes a uniform sizing processing circuit configured to resize a line width of a design pattern being a basis of the figure pattern by using a uniform sizing amount which has been set in advance; a reference image generation circuit configured to generate a reference image corresponding to the secondary electron image by performing image development on data of the design pattern whose line width has been resized; and a line-width dependent correction circuit configured to correct a line width of a figure pattern in the secondary electron image by using a correction amount which has been set in advance depending on a line width size.

Abstract: A laser processing apparatus includes a laser oscillator; a processing head; a driver that controls a relative positional relationship between a workpiece and the processing head; control circuitry that controls the laser oscillator and the driver in order for the laser beam to scan a processing path on the workpiece; detection circuitry that observes a state of the workpiece being processed and outputs a result of observation as a time series signal; processed state observation circuitry that obtains evaluation information including a determination result that indicates whether a processed state of the workpiece is satisfactory or defective by evaluating the processed state of the workpiece on the basis of the time series signal for each of a plurality of sections obtained by dividing the processing path; and estimation circuitry that estimates a cause of a defect on the basis of the evaluation information of two or more of the sections.

Abstract: A modular endoscope system comprises a first modular section comprising imaging and illumination units, and a patient-insertable second modular section that can be detached to the first modular section via an attachment mechanism, wherein the first modular section is positionable at a distal end section of the second modular section and is configured to illuminate and image a portion of a patient anatomy. A method of using a modular endoscopy system comprises attaching a first modular section of the modular endoscopy system to a second modular section of the modular endoscopy system, positioning at least a portion of the modular endoscopy system within a patient, illuminating and imaging a portion of a patient anatomy via the first modular section, removing the modular endoscopy system from the patient, and detaching the second modular section from the first modular section after removal of the modular endoscopy system from the patient.

Abstract: A method of predicting virtual metrology data for a wafer lot that includes receiving first image data from an imager system, the first image data relating to at least one first wafer lot, receiving measured metrology data from metrology equipment relating to the at least one first wafer lot, applying one or more machine learning techniques to the first image data and the measured metrology data to generate at least one predictive model for predicting at least one of virtual metrology data or virtual cell metrics data of wafer lots, and utilizing the at least one generated predictive model to generate at least one of first virtual metrology data or first virtual cell metrics data for the first wafer lot.

Abstract: A switchgear includes a modular optical monitoring system for examining switchgear switching positions and at least one isolating switch accommodated in an encapsulated housing. The encapsulated housing is disposed in an installation housing. The encapsulated housing has a first transparent window in one region and a fiber-optic system leads from an outer side of the installation housing to the first transparent window.

Abstract: Pulsed laser mapping imaging in a light deficient environment is disclosed. A system includes an emitter for emitting pulses of electromagnetic radiation and an image sensor comprising a pixel array for sensing reflected electromagnetic radiation. The system includes a controller configured to synchronize timing of the emitter and the image sensor. The system is such that at least a portion of the pulses of electromagnetic radiation emitted by the emitter comprises a laser mapping pattern.

Abstract: The present disclosure generally relates to semiconductor structures and, more particularly, to overlay optimization and methods of manufacture. The method includes performing, by a computing device, an exposure with a correction parameter to a first wafer; performing, by the computing device, a decorrection of the correction parameter; collecting, by the computing device, overlay data in response to the exposure and the decorrection; estimating, by the computing device, an optimal parameter from the overlay data; and applying, by the computing device, the optimal parameter to a second wafer to align an overlay in the second wafer.

Abstract: A wear degree information acquiring device includes a power cable measuring unit which measures a distance from a predetermined position of a vehicle to a wearing part coming into contact with the vehicle among power cables configured to supply power to the vehicle, and a distance from the predetermined position of the vehicle to a non-wearing part not coming into contact with the vehicle among the power cables; and a wear degree information acquiring unit which acquires information indicating a degree of wear of the power cable, on the basis of a difference between the distance from the predetermined position of the vehicle to the wearing part and the distance from the predetermined position of the vehicle to the non-wearing part.

Abstract: An endoscope device includes: an insertion unit configured to be inserted into a subject and capture a subject image inside the subject from a distal end thereof; an imaging unit configured to capture the subject image; a subject distance calculation unit configured to calculate a subject distance between the distal end of the insertion unit and the subject; and a distance information notification unit configured to give a notice of distance information on the subject distance.

Abstract: There is provided herein, an endoscope comprising an elongated shaft terminating with a tip section wherein said tip section comprises a permanent section connected to the elongated shaft and a removable section securely connectable to the permanent section, wherein the removable section comprises at least one capture device and at least one light source.

Abstract: In order to perform a superior observation, in which halation is less likely to occur, by achieving uniform illumination from near sites to far sites and by ensuring a satisfactory light distribution and brightness, both when performing normal observation and when performing near-field observation, an endoscope apparatus includes an observation optical system that is provided at a distal end of an inserted portion of the endoscope apparatus to observe an observation subject and a plurality of illumination optical systems that are provided in the inserted portion and that illuminate the same viewing field by distributing illumination light emitted from a light source over the observation subject, wherein, of the plurality of the illumination optical systems, the distance from the observation optical system to the widest-angle illumination optical system is smaller than the distance from the observation optical system to the narrowest-angle illumination optical system.

Abstract: Aspects of the present invention relate to systems, methods, and computer program products for tracking an orientation of a first object. The system includes a light emitting device located relative to a second object at a fixed predetermined position; a sensor having a photodetector array that is configured to receive incident light emitted from the light emitting device, the photodetector array being mounted on the first object; and a processor coupled to the photodetector array, the processor configured to determine the orientation of the first object relative to the second object based on an angle of incident light detected by the photodetector array from the light emitting device.

Abstract: A method is provided for characterizing a mask having a structure, comprising the steps of: —illuminating said mask under at least one illumination angle with monochromatic illuminating radiation, so as to produce a diffraction pattern of said structure that includes at least two maxima of adjacent diffraction orders, —capturing said diffraction pattern, —determining the intensities of the maxima of the adjacent diffraction orders, —determining an intensity quotient of the intensities. A mask inspection microscope for characterizing a mask in conjunction with the performance of the inventive method is also provided.

Abstract: A strain gauge includes a substrate (2) for mounting an element (3) to be reversibly lengthened by a force applied while displaying a variation in the resistance thereof, the element (3) lengthening itself along an axis for measurement by the gauge. The gauge includes at least one contrast target (5, 6) capable of reflecting an incident light beam, the at least one contrast target (5, 6) being placed on the gauge in a predetermined position that makes it possible to predetermine the center of the axis (4), for measurement by the strain gauge (1), by detecting the position of the at least one contrast target (5, 6).

Abstract: A first metrology method includes the steps of projecting a first image and a second image, aligning the first image and the second image to form an aligned image of a known size, and determining a dimension of a target object by comparing the aligned image to the target object. A second metrology method includes the steps of projecting a first image and a second image, aligning the first image and the second image to form an aligned image of a known size by synchronously adjusting a zoom factor for projecting the first image and an angle for projecting the second image, and determining a dimension of a target object by comparing the aligned image to the target object.

Abstract: Various metrology systems and methods are provided. One metrology system includes a light source configured to produce a diffraction-limited light beam, an apodizer configured to shape the light beam in the entrance pupil of illumination optics, and optical elements configured to direct the diffraction-limited light beam from the apodizer to an illumination spot on a grating target on a wafer and to collect scattered light from the grating target. The metrology system further includes a field stop and a detector configured to detect the scattered light that passes through the field stop. In addition, the metrology system includes a computer system configured to determine a characteristic of the grating target using output of the detector.

Abstract: The invention provides a structure for critical dimension and overlay measurement including a measuring unit, a first measurement pattern for measuring overlay and a second measurement pattern for measuring linewidth, line density and/or line semi-density. The first target pattern includes an outer bar structure disposed on a first layer and an inner bar structure disposed on a second layer; the outer bar structure and/or the inner bar structure has a same shared pattern structure with the second target pattern. The pattern structure includes four bars with the same shape positioned orthogonally and closely to each other, and at least two orthogonally positioned bars include N equally spaced rectangular lines of the same width, wherein, N is an odd number; the N rectangular lines include one central rectangular line and N?1 auxiliary rectangular lines.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method and an apparatus for measuring masks for photolithography. In this case, structures to be measured on the mask on a movable mask carrier are illuminated and imaged as an aerial image onto a detector, the illumination being set in a manner corresponding to the illumination in a photolithography scanner during a wafer exposure. A selection of positions at which the structures to be measured are situated on the mask is predetermined, and the positions on the mask in the selection are successively brought to the focus of an imaging optical system, where they are illuminated and in each case imaged as a magnified aerial image onto a detector, and the aerial images are subsequently stored. The structure properties of the structures are then analyzed by means of predetermined evaluation algorithms. The accuracy of the setting of the positions and of the determination of structure properties is increased in this case.

Abstract: In one or more embodiments, the disclosure relates to a method of setting a photolithography exposure machine, comprising: forming on a photolithography mask test patterns and circuit patterns, transferring the patterns to a resin layer covering a wafer, measuring a critical dimension of each test pattern transferred, and determining a focus setting error value of the photolithography machine from the measure of the critical dimension of each pattern, the test patterns formed on the mask comprising a first reference test pattern and a second test pattern forming for a photon beam emitted by the photolithography machine and going through the mask, an optical path having a length different from an optical path formed by the first test pattern and the circuit patterns formed on the mask.

Abstract: A method for measuring the internal space of an elongate body. The elongate body has in a global xyz-coordinate system a longitudinal axis x. A laser profile scan is carried out, in which a laser scanner, which carries out scans in a plane, is moved through the internal space of the elongate body. The scan plane is tilted about the y-axis by a tilt angle ? or about the z-axis by a tilt angle ?. Preferably, the scan plane is tilted about the y-axis and the z-axis corresponding to the global coordinate system of the internal space. An apparatus for carrying out the method.

Abstract: A test structure is presented test structure on a substrate for monitoring a LER and/or LWR effect, said test structure comprising an array of features manufactured with amplified LER and/or LWR effect.

Abstract: Various metrology systems and methods are provided.

Abstract: A non-contacting aligning method for planes in a three-dimensional environment is disclosed. The method includes: projecting a light beam in a predetermined incident angle onto a transparent first object and an opaque second object that are facing each other; and calculating a distance between the first and second objects basing on the tangent trigonometric function of the incident angle of the light beam.

Abstract: A method of measuring a property of a substrate includes generating a patterned mask configured to cause a radiation beam passing through the mask to acquire the pattern, simulating radiating the substrate with a patterned radiation beam that has been patterned using the mask to obtain a simulated pattern, determining at least one location of the simulated pattern that is prone to patterning errors, and irradiating the substrate with the patterned radiation beam using a lithographic process. The method also includes measuring an accuracy of at least one property of the at least one location of the pattern on the substrate that has been determined as being prone to patterning errors, and adjusting the lithographic process according to the measuring.

Abstract: A sample having a patterned area and a method for use in controlling a pattern parameter is presented. The sample comprises at least one test structure having a patterned region similar to a pattern in the patterned area, the patterns in the patterned area and in the at least test structure being produced by the same patterning process. The at least one test structure comprises at least one pattern parameter of a predetermined value intentionally increased above a natural value of said certain parameter induced by a patterning process. By this, the natural value of the parameter induced by the patterning process can be determined.

Abstract: A measurement mark on a substrate has a first section with first primary and first secondary lines. The first primary lines have a first width and are arranged at a first pitch and in alternating order with the first secondary lines. A second section comprises second primary and second secondary lines arranged in alternating order. The second primary lines have a second width that is different from the first width. The pitch of the primary lines and the distance between the primary and the secondary lines is the same in each case. The spectral response of both sections of the measurement mark is determined by an analyzer unit of a measurement apparatus, and a sign of a difference between target and actual widths of the lines is determined by comparing a first spectrum derived from the first section with a second spectrum derived from the second section.

Abstract: By encoding process-related non-uniformities, such as different height levels, which may be caused by CMP or other processes during the fabrication of complex device levels, such as metallization structures, respective focus parameter settings may be efficiently evaluated on the basis of well-established CD measurement techniques.

Abstract: A method is described for measuring a dimension on a substrate, wherein a target pattern is provided with a nominal characteristic dimension that repeats at a primary pitch of period P, and has a pre-determined variation orthogonal to the primary direction. The target pattern formed on the substrate is then illuminated so that at least one non-zero diffracted order is detected. The response of the non-zero diffracted order to variation in the printed characteristic dimension relative to nominal is used to determine the dimension of interest, such as critical dimension or overlay, on the substrate. An apparatus for performing the method of the present invention includes an illumination source, a detector for detecting a non-zero diffracted order, and means for positioning the source relative to the target so that one or more non-zero diffracted orders from the target are detected at the detector.

Abstract: In the present invention, patterning for the first time is performed on a film to be worked above the front surface of a substrate, and the actual dimension of the pattern formed by the patterning for the first time is measured. Based on the dimension measurement result of the patterning or the first time, the condition of patterning for the second time is then set. In this event, the condition of the patterning for the second time is set so that a difference between the dimension of the patterning for the first time and its target dimension is equal to a difference between the dimension of the patterning for the second time and its target dimension. Thereafter, the patterning for the second time is performed under the set patterning condition.

Abstract: Disclosed are methods and apparatus for inspecting a sub-resolution assist features (SRAF) on a reticle. A test flux measurement for a boundary area that encompasses a width and a length portion of a test SRAF is determined, and at least one reference flux measurement for one or more boundary areas of one or more reference SRAF's is determined. The test flux measurement is compared with the reference flux measurements. The comparison is used to then determine whether the test SRAF is undersized or oversized. If the test SRAF is determined to be oversized, it may then be determined whether the test SRAF is defective based on the comparison using a first threshold.

Abstract: The present invention relates to printable security paper that includes a region capable of receiving printed indicia on the front side and on the reverse side which are observable in reflected light and form an image observable in transmitted light, as security element protecting against two-sided copying, characterized in that such region is a screened region having an average overall opacity less than the opacity of the vellum part of the rest of the paper, said screened region being made up from alternations of vellum miniregions, having an approximately constant thickness equal to that of the vellum part of the rest of the paper, and of miniregions of reduced opacity because of their smaller thickness compared with the vellum miniregions. The invention also relates to the security document obtained with this paper.

Abstract: An exposure measurement apparatus is configured by including a size measurer measuring respective sizes of at least a pair of transferred patterns having mutually different optimal focus positions out of a plurality of transferred patterns formed by being transferred onto a transfer object, a difference value calculator obtaining a difference value between the size of one transferred pattern and the size of the other transferred pattern, a focus variation amount calculator calculating a focus variation amount of the transfer object using the difference value, and an exposure variation amount calculator calculating an exposure error amount of a wafer.

Abstract: In general, in one aspect, a method includes determining a critical dimension (CD) distribution on a photomask by measuring deep Ultra-Violet (DUV) transmission across the photomask.

Abstract: In the present invention, when dense and sparse resist patterns are formed above a substrate, respective resist pattern dimensions are measured, and a correction value for a first processing unit is calculated based on the dimension measurement result of the dense resist pattern and a correction value for a second processing unit is calculated based on the dimension measurement result of the sparse resist pattern. Based on these calculation results, processing conditions in the first processing unit and the second processing unit are changed, and thereafter processing in these processing units are implemented under these changed conditions.

Abstract: In a scatterometric method differential targets with different sensitivities to parameters of interest are printed in a calibration matrix and difference spectra obtained. principal component analysis is applied to the difference spectra to obtain a calibration function that is less sensitive to variations in the underlying structure than a calibration function obtained from spectra obtained from a single target.

Abstract: The invention concerns a security document comprising, as security element against recto/verso copying, indicia present on both sides and capable of being viewed under reflected lighting and forming an image capable of being viewed under transmitted light. The invention is characterized in that said indicia comprise lines and form said image with 3D effect.

Abstract: In an embodiment of the present invention, a device includes a first etched feature located in a critical dimension scanning electron microscope (CD-SEM) characterization location, the first etched feature having an upper section, a middle section, and a lower section wherein the middle section is severely shrunk relative to a corresponding middle section of a second etched feature having similar dimensions and composition that is not located in a CD-SEM characterization location. In another embodiment of the present invention, the middle section of the first etched feature has a shrinkage carryover exceeding a threshold. In still another embodiment of the present invention, the middle section of the first etched feature exhibits a line edge roughness.

Abstract: A method of measuring a critical dimension may include forming an object pattern on a substrate and forming a plurality of reference patterns on the substrate, wherein each of the plurality of reference patterns has a different critical dimension. An optical property of each of the plurality of reference patterns may be measured to provide a respective measured optical property for each of the reference patterns, and an optical property of the object pattern may be measured to provide a measured optical property of the object pattern. The measured optical property of the object pattern may be compared with the measured optical properties of the reference patterns, and a critical dimension of the object pattern may be determined as being the same as the critical dimension of the reference pattern having the measured optical property that is closest to the measured optical property of the object pattern. Related devices are also discussed.

Abstract: A method for photoresist characterization includes forming a photoresist on a supportive structure; and characterizing the photoresist using a metrology tool selected from the group consisting of a transmission electron microscope (TEM), a scanning electron microscope (SEM), an atomic force microscope (AFM), a small angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) and a laser diffraction particle analyzer.

Abstract: Methods and systems for monitoring semiconductor fabrication processes are provided. A system may include a stage configured to support a specimen and coupled to a measurement device. The measurement device may include an illumination system and a detection system. The illumination system and the detection system may be configured such that the system may be configured to determine multiple properties of the specimen. For example, the system may be configured to determine multiple properties of a specimen including, but not limited to, critical dimension and overlay misregistration. In this manner, a measurement device may perform multiple optical and/or non-optical metrology and/or inspection techniques.

Abstract: A method is described for measuring a dimension on a substrate, wherein a target pattern is provided with a nominal characteristic dimension that repeats at a primary pitch of period P, and has a pre-determined variation orthogonal to the primary direction. The target pattern formed on the substrate is then illuminated so that at least one non-zero diffracted order is detected. The response of the non-zero diffracted order to variation in the printed characteristic dimension relative to nominal is used to determine the dimension of interest, such as critical dimension or overlay, on the substrate. An apparatus for performing the method of the present invention includes an illumination source, a detector for detecting a non-zero diffracted order, and means for positioning the source relative to the target so that one or more non-zero diffracted orders from the target are detected at the detector.

Abstract: A method for determining one or more process parameter settings of a photolithographic system is disclosed.

Abstract: Systems and methods are provided for detecting focus variation in a lithographic process using photomasks having test patterns adapted to print test features with critical dimensions that can be measured and analyzed to determine magnitude and direction of defocus from a best focus position of an exposure tool during the lithographic process.

Abstract: This disclosure provides methods for measuring asymmetry of features, such as lines of a diffraction grating. On implementation provides a method of measuring asymmetries in microelectronic devices by directing light at an array of microelectronic features of a microelectronic device. The light illuminates a portion of the array that encompasses the entire length and width of a plurality of the microelectronic features. Light scattered back from the array is detected. One or more characteristics of the back-scattered light may be examined by examining data from the complementary angles of reflection. This can be particularly useful for arrays of small periodic structures for which standard modeling techniques would be impractically complex or take inordinate time.

Abstract: A method is provided for monitoring degradation of a data storage medium. Multiple reactive elements are provided in the data storage medium. Properties of each one of these elements is determined, prior or subsequent to data being stored in the medium, to generate a baseline map of the medium. Updated properties of at least one of the elements are determined in order to generate an updated map of the medium. A determination can then be made as to whether degradation of the medium has occurred by comparing the baseline map to the updated map.

Abstract: The invention is directed to a method for controlling a critical dimension of a patterned photoresist layer. The method comprises steps of measuring a critical dimension of a raised pattern in a patterned photoresist layer after a photolithography process is performed on the photoresist layer. A determining process is performed to determine whether the critical dimension is within a critical dimension control limit range, wherein the critical dimension control limit range has a upper control limit and a lower control limit. An adjusting process is performed when the critical dimension is not within the critical dimension control limit range. When the critical dimension is smaller than the lower control limit, a photoresist reflow process is performed. When the critical dimension is larger than the upper control limit a photoresist trimming process is performed.

Abstract: Provided is a method of designing an optical metrology system for measuring structures on a workpiece where the optical metrology system is configured to meet a plurality of design goals. Primary components of the optical metrology system affecting the design goals are determined and used in the initial design. The design of the optical metrology system is optimized by using collected design goal data in comparison to the set plurality of design goals. In one embodiment, the optical metrology system is used for stand alone metrology systems. In another embodiment, the optical metrology system is integrated with a fabrication cluster in semiconductor manufacturing.

Abstract: A standard component for length measurement includes a first diffraction grating and a second diffraction grating. Each of components of the second diffraction grating is disposed between components of the first diffraction grating.

Abstract: A pattern area that includes a plurality of line patterns with a predetermined spacing therebetween formed on a wafer is imaged, and based on the imaging results, a contrast value of an image of the pattern area is computed, and the computed contrast value is converted into the linewidth of the line pattern based on known conversion information. Therefore, even if the pattern area is imaged using a microscope having a low resolving power, e.g. an image-forming type alignment sensor or the like, without using the SEM, the linewidth of the line pattern can be measured with high precision. Accordingly, linewidth measurement with low cost and high throughput becomes possible.