Abstract: A beam scanning apparatus includes a light source configured to emit light, and a reflective phased array device configured to reflect the light emitted from the light source and incident on the reflective phased array device, and electrically adjust a reflection angle of the reflected light reflected by the reflective phased array device, wherein the light source and the reflective phased array device are disposed such the light is incident on the reflective phased array device at an incidence angle with respect to a normal of a reflective surface of the reflective phased array device.

Abstract: An optical device may include a fiber to provide a beam. The optical device may include a graded-index element to expand or magnify the beam. An input facet of the graded-index element may be adhered to an output facet of the fiber. The optical device may include an optical transformation element to transform the beam after the beam is expanded or magnified by the graded-index element. An input facet of the optical transformation element may be adhered to an output facet of the graded-index element.

Abstract: A wavelength conversion device includes a nonlinear optical medium and a controller. The nonlinear optical medium configured to generate light from signal light and excitation light, the excitation light having a wavelength different from a wavelength of the signal light and having a second electric field strength than a first electric field strength of the signal light, the light having a wavelength different from a wavelengths of the signal light and the excitation light. The controller configured to control a first temperature of the nonlinear optical medium based on an intensity of the light.

Abstract: Provided, among other things, is a method of cutting and folding a planar substrate with a focused laser beam, directed from above the substrate, to form a shape with features in 3-dimensions, the method comprising: (a) executing from above laser cuts to the planar substrate so as to provide one or more a releasable segments; (b) executing from above one or more laser-executed upward folds to bend all or a portion of a releasable segment; and (c) executing from above one or more laser-executed downward folds to bend all or a portion of a releasable segment; wherein the cuts and folds are structured so that precursors to the 3D shape remain attached to the substrate while sufficient cuts and folds are made to form the 3D shape, and wherein the planar substrate is immobile during said steps (a) through (c), or is only moved in the plane of the substrate.

Abstract: The present disclosure provides a waveguide integrated optical modulator, which is made of a bismuth film, an antimony film, or a tellurium film. A thickness of the bismuth film, the antimony film, or the tellurium film is between 10 nm and 200 nm, and the bismuth film, the antimony film, or the tellurium film is produced by physical vapor deposition method. The waveguide integrated optical modulator can directly add the symmetrical electrode on the surface of the bismuth film, the antimony film, or the tellurium film, and apply an external bias voltage of different amplitudes to the bismuth film, the antimony film, or the tellurium film by adjusting the power source. Thus, the waveguide integrated optical modulator can actively control the nonlinear optical characteristics of the saturable absorber by changing the magnitude of the external voltage, and further actively modulate the laser characteristics of the pulse.

Abstract: A miniature quantitative optical coherence elastography system with an integrated Fabry-Perot force sensor for in situ elasticity measurement of biological tissue is provided. The technique has great potential for biomechanics modeling and clinical diagnosis. The qOCE system contains a fiber-optic probe that exerts a compressive force to deform tissue at the tip of the probe. Using the space-division multiplexed optical coherence tomography signal detected by a spectral domain optical coherence tomography engine, probe deformation in proportion to the force applied is quantified, as well as the tissue deformation corresponding to the external stimulus. Simultaneous measurement of force and displacement allows for calculation of Young's modulus from the biological tissue.

Abstract: Provided is focal variable device system including a focus variable element including an absorbing layer, and an adjustable light source configured to cause an adjustable light to enter the focus variable element. The absorbing layer includes a thermal expansion material that absorbs the adjustable light and thermally expands.

Abstract: A security marking has a physically unclonable function (PUF) wherein the PUF includes a disordered multilayer photonic crystal structure having an electromagnetic transmission and/or reflection spectrum and/or spectra upon receipt of electromagnetic radiation within a photonic bandgap region of the structure that is unique to the structure.

Abstract: Various polarization rotator splitter (PRS) configurations are disclosed. In an example embodiment, a system includes a PRS that includes a silicon nitride (SiN) rib waveguide core that includes a rib and a ridge that extends vertically above the rib, the SiN rib waveguide core having a total height hSiN from a bottom of the rib to a top of the ridge, a rib height hrib from the bottom of the rib to a top of the rib, a rib width wrib, and a top width wSiN of the ridge. The rib width wrib varies along at least a portion of a length of the SiN rib waveguide core.

Abstract: A beam scanning apparatus includes a light source configured to emit light, and a reflective phased array device configured to reflect the light emitted from the light source and incident on the reflective phased array device, and electrically adjust a reflection angle of the reflected light reflected by the reflective phased array device, wherein the light source and the reflective phased array device are disposed such the light is incident on the reflective phased array device at an incidence angle with respect to a normal of a reflective surface of the reflective phased array device.

Abstract: A light control device including a light control sheet including light control units each reversibly change light transmittance and positioned according to a first arrangement that has a regularity, a detection sheet including detection units each detect external input and positioned according to a second arrangement that has a regularity same as the regularity of the first arrangement, a driving unit that outputs to each of the light control units a change signal for changing light transmittance, and a light control processing unit which associates each of the detection units with at least one of the light control units, and causes the driving unit to output the change signal to the light control unit associated with the detection unit that has detected the external input.

Abstract: An opto-mechanical resonator including a waveguide formed by a plurality of first strips spaced apart from one another; and two mirrors disposed facing one another, which mirrors are optically reflective over at least part of a guide wavelength range of the waveguide. The waveguide extends between the two mirrors, and forms therewith an optically resonant cavity. At least part of the waveguide is held such that it is suspended over a substrate by at least one deformable mechanical element.

Abstract: A light modulating device includes a metal layer, a variable resistance material layer above the metal layer and having a plurality of resistance states depending on a voltage applied thereto, and a meta surface layer above the variable resistance material layer and including a nano structure comprising a conductive material and having a sub-wavelength dimension.

Abstract: An integrated optical transmission element may be provided. The integrated optical transmission element includes an optical cavity including an input port and an output port, and photorefractive material within the optical cavity. A transmission of light from the input port to the output port is persistently changeable by an optical control signal provided to the photorefractive material, the optical control signal being configured to change a refractive index.

Abstract: Various polarization rotator splitter (PRS) configurations are disclosed. In an example embodiment, a system includes a PRS that includes a silicon nitride (SiN) rib waveguide core that includes a rib and a ridge that extends vertically above the rib, the SiN rib waveguide core having a total height hSiN from a bottom of the rib to a top of the ridge, a rib height hrib from the bottom of the rib to a top of the rib, a rib width wrib, and a top width wSiN of the ridge. The rib width wrib varies along at least a portion of a length of the SiN rib waveguide core.

Abstract: A method of producing attenuated cells for a mammalian vaccine comprising killing or attenuating the cells with a high energy, low heat UV light.

Abstract: A lens includes a lens body, and an electro-active section (liquid crystals and a diffraction section) that is provided to a region of part of the lens body. The lens includes a pair of electrodes that are embedded in the lens body, that are electrically connected to a focal length modification section, that extend downward from an upper side end of the lens body, and that are disposed substantially parallel to each other spaced apart in a width direction orthogonal to an up-down direction of the lens body. Lower ends of the pair of electrodes are disposed spaced apart from the electro-active section in the up-down direction of the lens body.

Abstract: An optical clock generator includes a nonlinear cavity unit, a cross-waveguide logic gate unit and a delayer unit; and is of a six-port photonic crystal structure including two reference-light signal-input ports, a feedback-signal-input port, a system-signal and feedback-signal output port and two idle ports; the output port of the cross-waveguide logic gate unit is connected with the input port of the nonlinear cavity unit whose system-signal output port is connected with the input port of said delayer unit whose output port is connected with the input port of the cross-waveguide logic gate unit, the system-signal output port is connected with a two-branch waveguide one of which is used as the system-signal output port, and another is used as the feedback-signal output port and connected to an input port of said delayer unit, the delayer unit performs time delay on an input signal and outputs the signal to the feedback-signal-input port.

Abstract: The invention provides a temporal focusing-based multiphoton excitation fluorescence microscopy system capable of tunable-wavelength excitation and an excitation wavelength selection module thereof. The temporal focusing-based multiphoton excitation fluorescence microscopy system comprises: an excitation light generating module for generating excitation light; an excitation wavelength selection module for generating reflected light having a predetermined output angle in accordance with the wavelength of the excitation light and generating detecting excitation light through a diffraction unit; and a fluorescent microscope.

Abstract: A subtractive forming method that includes providing a material stack including a samarium and selenium containing layer and an aluminum containing layer in direct contact with the samarium and selenium containing layer. The samarium component of the samarium and selenium containing layer of the exposed portion of the material stack is etched with an etch chemistry comprising citric acid and hydrogen peroxide that is selective to the aluminum containing layer. The hydrogen peroxide reacts with the aluminum containing layer to provide an oxide etch protectant surface on the aluminum containing layer, and the citric acid etches samarium selectively to the oxide etch protectant surface. Thereafter, a remaining selenium component of is removed by elevating a temperature of the selenium component.

Abstract: A metamaterial cloak is provided for extending deflection of an electromagnetic beam for a vertical beam angle other than bore sight. The cloak deflects an electromagnetic beam from a source in an environment and includes a laminate structure and an electromagnetic guide. The structure includes a plurality of conductive metal plates and metamaterial layers sandwiched therebetween within a planar shape. The electromagnetic guide is disposed around the laminate structure to provide a frontal face to the source. The guide matches impedance of the laminate structure.

Abstract: Various embodiments may provide a device for providing a first optical light of a first wavelength and a second optical light of a second wavelength. The device may include a halide perovskite structure including a first pattern and a second pattern different from the first pattern, so that the first pattern is configured to provide the first optical light of the first wavelength and the second pattern is configured to provide the second optical light of a second wavelength different from the first wavelength, upon a light incident on the first pattern and the second pattern. The halide perovskite structure may include a halide perovskite material.

Abstract: A waveguide includes an array of p-i-n junctions formed by ions implanted into the waveguide. The p-i-n junctions concentrate electric fields applied on the waveguide to convert the third order susceptibility ?(3) into the second order susceptibility ?(2) and induce the DC Kerr effect. The periodic electrical fields concentrated by the p-i-n junctions effectively create a wave vector, which together with the wave vectors of optical beams in the waveguide satisfies phase matching conditions for nonlinear optical effects. The phase matching can significantly enhance the efficiency of the nonlinear optical effects, such as second harmonic generation, sum frequency generation, difference frequency generation, and four-wave mixing. Waveguides with arrays of PIN junctions can also be used in phase modulators, amplitude modulators, and filters.

Abstract: There is provided an image capture device including a narrow-band optical irradiation system including a light source, a solid-state imaging element including an array of pixels and sensitive to a predetermined range of wavelengths, and a metal thin-film filter provided in an optical path between the optical irradiation system and the solid-state imaging element, and having a periodic microstructural pattern having a period shorter than a wavelength detected by the solid-state imaging element.

Abstract: An optical modulating device includes a permittivity change layer having a variable permittivity, a dielectric layer disposed on the permittivity change layer, a nanoantenna disposed on the dielectric layer, and a light-emitting structure disposed adjacent to the permittivity change layer.

Abstract: An electrowetting display device and manufacturing method thereof. The manufacturing method comprises forming pixel electrodes on a substrate, forming an insulation layer on the pixel electrodes, applying light through a mask to expose portions of the insulation layer, developing the insulation layer to at least partially remove the exposed portions of the insulation layer, wherein the developing forms a water repellent layer on the pixel electrodes and partitioning walls on the water repellent layer, and forming an oil layer between the partitioning walls and on the water repellent layer. The water repellent layer and the sides of the partitioning walls are hydrophobic. Upper surfaces of the partitioning walls are hydrophilic. The partition walls are thicker than the water repellent layer.

Abstract: An audio system based on an in-vehicle optical network and a broadcasting method thereof are provided. The audio system according to an exemplary embodiment includes: a multi-channel router which is connected to an in-vehicle optical network to receive a multi-channel audio signal from audio signals received from the optical network; and a plurality of speakers which are connected to the multi-channel router to receive the multi-channel audio signal through the multi-channel router. Accordingly, the speakers can operate by interworking with a network even when they have no function as network devices.

Abstract: A computing apparatus has a logic unit configured to perform an arithmetic operation by relating light beams, each having a respective light amplitude, to obtain a light-based result of the operation, and to evaluate the light-based result to output a corresponding numeric result. The logic unit uses variables values, each corresponding to a respective distinct light amplitude, the variable values thereby corresponding to a plurality of distinct light amplitudes.

Abstract: An apparatus includes a first storage cell with an electrical property. The first storage cell is configured to change the electrical property in response to a first light energy, and to maintain the change to the electrical property. The first storage cell is also configured to alter the change to the electrical property in response to a second light energy, and to maintain the alteration to the change to the electrical property. A second storage cell disposed over the first storage cell in a vertical plane of the first storage cell. A third storage cell disposed adjacent to the first storage cell in a horizontal plane of the first storage cell.

Abstract: A thin film photonic structure that enables segregation of the effective absorption of the thin film and its intrinsic absorption while substantially eliminating bandwidth restrictions. In the form of an optical resonator, the structure includes two, multi-layer, aperiodic dielectric mirrors and a lossy, dielectric thin film and characterized by an intrinsic optical absorption over at least a one octave bandwidth. The two, multi-layer, aperiodic dielectric mirrors are characterized by a reflectivity amplitude that increases in-step with increasing wavelength over the at least one octave bandwidth. Upon a single incoherent beam of optical radiation having a spectrum over the at least one octave bandwidth incident on one side of the resonator structure, the lossy, dielectric thin film is characterized by an effective optical absorption over the at least one octave bandwidth that is greater than the intrinsic optical absorption over the at least one octave bandwidth.

Abstract: Light that returns through reflection from the optical connection portion between a semiconductor optical waveguide and an optically functional element is reduced through the use of a simplified structure in a semiconductor optical waveguide device. The device is provided with an anti-reflection diffraction grating having the period to prevent light that has been led through the semiconductor optical waveguide towards the portion connected to the optically functional element from being reflected in the direction from which the light has been led.

Abstract: A radioactive gas measurement apparatus comprises: a radiation measurement cell comprising an inlet pipe and a discharge pipe, the radiation measurement cell introducing and discharging a radioactive gas containing a nuclide to be measured and a positron emitter nuclide through the inlet pipe and the discharge pipe; a radiation detector for measuring a radiation generated from the radioactive gas; and a radiation collimator allowing the radiation measurement cell to communicate with the radiation detector and setting a predetermined radiation measurement geometry condition between the radiation measurement cell and the radiation detector. Then, as the predetermined radiation measurement geometry condition, an inner wall area of the radiation measurement cell which the radiation detector views through the radiation collimator is set equal to or less than a half of a total inner wall area of the radiation measurement cell.

Abstract: An atomic oscillator using a quantum interference effect, includes: a first light source unit emitting first light which includes a resonant light pair having two different wavelengths; a gas cell sealed with alkali metal atoms; a first light detection unit detecting a light intensity of the first light which is transmitted through the gas cell; a second light source unit emitting second light towards the gas cell; and a control unit changing a light intensity of the second light which is emitted from the second light source unit to compensate a change in the light intensity detected by the first light detection unit.

Abstract: An optical limiter includes a nonlinear medium that changes its own refractive index in accordance with an intensity of incident light, and outputs the incident light in a different direction depending on the refractive index, a first incident section by which reference light with a predetermined intensity and an optical signal with a modulated intensity is made incident on the nonlinear medium, a second incident section by which auxiliary light is made incident on a portion in the nonlinear medium through which the reference light and the optical signal pass, and an inverse output section that is provided at an incident position of the reference light outputted from the nonlinear medium when the optical signal is off, and outputs an optical signal obtained by inversion of the intensity of the incident light.

Abstract: Provided is a laser imageable media that forms both a vesicular bubble image and an infrared image upon exposure to laser radiation. The laser imageable media comprises (1) a substrate, preferably a transparent plastic substrate, (2) an infrared absorbing layer comprising an infrared absorbing compound, preferably an aminium radical cation compound, that exhibits a reduction in infrared absorption when exposed to the laser radiation, and (3) a polymeric layer comprising an organic polymer, preferably nitrocellulose, overlying the infrared absorbing layer. The vesicular image on a transparent plastic substrate is readable with a visible scanner without the use of any reflective background material behind the transparent plastic substrate.

Abstract: Described is a method of controlling the absorption of light in a cavity, a system in which absorption is so controlled, and an interferometer embodying the underlying physical concept. Materials can be made to completely absorb incident light when the light is imposed in a specific pattern of illumination. Coherent perfect absorption, as the process is referred to, is achieved when a cavity is illuminated coherently and monochromatically by the time-reverse of the output of a lasing mode. Varying the parameters of the incident light and/or of the cavity allows the absorption of the incident light by the cavity to be controlled; enhanced or even reduced.

Abstract: A quantum interference device includes: gaseous alkali metal atoms; and a light source for causing a resonant light pair having different frequencies that keep a frequency difference equivalent to an energy difference between two ground states of the alkali metal atoms, the quantum interference device causing the alkali metal atoms and the resonant light pair to interact each other to cause an electromagnetically induced transparency phenomenon (EIT), wherein there are a plurality of the resonant light pairs, and center frequencies of the respective resonant light pairs are different from one another.

Abstract: An apparatus includes a recording light source configured to emit recording beams, an EASLM configured to time sequentially modulate the recording beams emitted from the recording light source according to hologram information corresponding to a 3-dimensional image spatially divided into a plurality of portions, an OASLM configured to include a plurality of regions corresponding to the plurality of the divided portions of the 3-dimensional image and images on a region corresponding to the portions using the modulated recording beams to form a hologram, a scanning optical unit configured to reproduce the hologram formed by the recording beams serially modulated by the EASLM on a reduced scale and transmit the hologram to the regions of the OASLM corresponding to the portions, and a reproducing light source configured to produce a surface light and emit the surface light to the OASLM.

Abstract: Optical devices that include one or more structures fabricated from polar-dielectric materials that exhibit surface phonon polaritons (SPhPs), where the SPhPs alter the optical properties of the structure. The optical properties lent to these structures by the SPhPs are altered by introducing charge carriers directly into the structures. The carriers can be introduced into these structures, and the carrier concentration thereby controlled, through optical pumping or the application of an appropriate electrical bias.

Abstract: First and second coherent light beams of the same wavelength are propagated in opposite directions to interact on a sub-wavelength thickness metallic metamaterial layer which is structured with a periodicity such that there is a resonance matched to the wavelength of the coherent beams. The first beam is then able to modulate the intensity of the second beam by modulating the phase and/or intensity of the first beam. The interference of the counter- propagating beams can eliminate or substantially reduce Joule loss of light energy in the metamaterial layer or, on the contrary, can lead to a near total absorption of light, depending on the mutual phase and/or intensity of the interacting beams. A modulation is thus provided without using a non-linear effect.

Abstract: An apparatus comprising a switchable optical filter comprising a layer of switchable material, the switchable material comprising a photochromic/thermochromic, a photochromic/photochromic, or a photochromic/electrochromic compound; a first light source providing light of a wavelength that causes the switchable material to transition from a faded state to a dark state, or a dark state to a faded state; and a switch for controlling activation of the first light source

Abstract: An optical phase modulator based on the principles of stimulated Brillouin scattering is disclosed. The optical phase modulator uses a pump wave and a probe wave counte-propagating in an optical fiber, whose frequencies are chosen such that a difference thereof differs from a resonant Brillouin frequency of the optical fiber. The pump wave is amplitude modulated prior to injecting into the optical fiber, causing phase modulation of the probe wave inside and at the exit from the optical fiber. Alternatively, the probe wave can be amplitude modulated, thereby causing a phase modulation of the pump wave. In the embodiments of the invention, the pump wave is a continuous wave, and the probe wave is a pulse Stokes wave or an anti-Stokes wave. A corresponding optical network using the phase modulator is also disclosed.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a device and method of reversibly activating photochromic materials within an enclosed vehicle using one or more ultraviolet (UV) sources located within the interior of a vehicle. Upon activation, such UV sources cause the photochromic materials to darken; upon deactivation, the photochromic materials revert to their clear state. The photochromic materials may form part of a pair of eyeglasses (10) containing photochromic lenses, thereby enabling their use as sunglasses within an enclosed vehicle. UV sources may be aimed at the photochromic target and may be automatically modulated using a photosensor in response to changing ambient light conditions. UV sources may be positioned in differing locations within the vehicle. A variety of different UV sources may be used.

Abstract: An active, transparency-controlled window comprises at least one layer of a material that is transparent to at least selected wavelengths of light; at least one layer of photochromic material having a transparency, to the at least selected wavelengths of light, that can be controllably altered by an activating light; and a controllable source of light that activates the photochromic material to controllably alter the transparency of the photochromic material to the at least selected wavelengths of light. The material that is transparent to at least selected wavelengths of light may be a material selected from the group consisting of glass and plastic.

Abstract: The methods, devices, and/or compositions described herein can used to reduce variations, such as spatial and temporal variations, in luminance intensity. Luminance variation is reduced by varying some aspect of transmittance with respect to the intensity of light.

Abstract: A spatial light modulator, a holographic image display including the same, and a method for spatially modulating light. The spatial light modulator modulates a phase of light that is incident on a plurality of pixels and includes a variable refractive index layer that has a refractive index which is variable based on one of an optical signal and an electrical signal, and a metal layer that is disposed on the refractive index-change layer, and a high refractive index layer on the metal layer. Light incident on the metal layer causes generation of a surface plasmon at an interface between the variable refractive index layer and the metal layer.

Abstract: An optical shutter device includes a temperature responsive gate and a photochromic attenuator arranged such that at low temperatures the device is largely transmissive to solar or other radiation within a given band of wavelengths and, at high temperatures, the device is largely nontransmissive when a flux of trigger wavelengths is present and largely transmissive when a flux of trigger wavelengths is not present.

Abstract: Protein scaffolds from tobacco mosaic virus coat protein modified to incorporate polyhistidine can bind to a metal or a dye while having improved self-assembly characteristics. The scaffold can take the form of tubes or disks, and can further be formed into dual plasmonic ring resonators. Such self-assembled structures provide useful optical properties.

Abstract: Optical devices that include one or more structures fabricated from polar-dielectric materials that exhibit surface phonon polaritons (SPhPs), where the SPhPs alter the optical properties of the structure. The optical properties lent to these structures by the SPhPs are altered by introducing charge carriers directly into the structures. The carriers can be introduced into these structures, and the carrier concentration thereby controlled, through optical pumping or the application of an appropriate electrical bias.

Abstract: Plasmons on a waveguide may deliver energy to photocatalyze a reaction. The waveguide or other energy carrier may be configured to carry electromagnetic energy and generate plasmon energy at one or more locations proximate to the waveguide, where the plasmon energy may react chemically with a medium or interaction material.