With Particular Electrode Structure Or Arrangement, Or Medium Mounting Structure Or Arrangement Patents (Class 359/254)
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Publication number: 20090097095Abstract: A microshutter array has a frame having a light transmissive portion. Linear microshutter elements extend across the light transmissive portion and in parallel to each other. Each microshutter element has a flat blade extended in a length direction and first and second torsion arms extending outwards from each side of the blade in the length direction, the blade extending across the light transmissive portion. There is at least one electrode associated with each linear microshutter element and extended in the length direction parallel to the microshutter element.Type: ApplicationFiled: October 11, 2007Publication date: April 16, 2009Inventors: John N. Border, Herbert James Erhardt, J. Kelly Lee, Marek W. Kowarz
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Patent number: 7515833Abstract: An all optical network for optical signal traffic has at least a first ring with at least one transmitter and one receiver. The first ring includes a plurality of network nodes. At least a first add/drop broadband coupler is coupled to the first ring. The broadband coupler includes an add port and a drop port to add and drop wavelengths to and or from the first ring, a pass-through direction and an add/drop direction. The first add/drop broadband coupler is configured to minimize a pass-through loss in the first ring and is positioned on the first ring.Type: GrantFiled: June 9, 2006Date of Patent: April 7, 2009Assignee: OpVista IncorporatedInventor: Winston I. Way
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Patent number: 7508573Abstract: A structure of an optical switch makes the optical switch capable of receiving broadband signals. And the manufacturing procedure is simplified.Type: GrantFiled: May 25, 2006Date of Patent: March 24, 2009Assignee: Atomic Energy Council - Institute of Nuclear Energy ResearchInventors: Chih-Hung Wu, Kai-Sheng Chang, Hwa-Yuh Shih, Yen-Chang Tzeng
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Patent number: 7509006Abstract: An optical device wherein an optical waveguide is formed on a dielectric substrate, the optical device includes an input part and an output part where the optical waveguide and corresponding optical fibers are connected. A stress layer is provided for at least one of the input part and the output part. The stress layer applies a stress to the optical waveguide so that an index of refraction of the optical waveguide is reduced.Type: GrantFiled: July 12, 2006Date of Patent: March 24, 2009Assignee: Fujitsu LimitedInventor: Takashi Shiraishi
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Patent number: 7505190Abstract: An electro-optical device substrate includes a first transparent substrate; a second transparent substrate that faces the first transparent substrate, the second transparent substrate including recesses in non-aperture regions of a surface of the second transparent substrate that faces the first transparent substrate, the recesses causing light that is incident to the non-aperture regions to refract toward aperture regions; and an adhesive that bonds the first and second transparent substrates together.Type: GrantFiled: December 4, 2007Date of Patent: March 17, 2009Assignee: Seiko Epson CorporationInventor: Norihiko Ozawa
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Patent number: 7499603Abstract: Methods, systems, and devices are provided for an electrooptical modulator. One method embodiment includes receiving an optical input signal to an electrooptical modulator. A first voltage input is applied to a first drive electrode associated with a first optical path in the electrooptical modulator. A second voltage input is applied to a second drive electrode associated with a second optical path in the electrooptical modulator at times alternative to applying the first voltage input to the first drive electrode.Type: GrantFiled: January 19, 2006Date of Patent: March 3, 2009Assignee: Lockheed Martin CorporationInventors: John A. Krawczak, Raymond J. Johnson
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Patent number: 7484857Abstract: A deformable reflector includes a plurality of MEMS devices, each having an electrode membrane having a reflective surface thereon, a flat surface, and a pulldown electrode formed in the flat substrate. The electrode membrane has substantially a same flatness of the flat substrate when the electrode membrane comes into contact with the flat substrate across a majority of its surface area in response to a voltage being applied to the pulldown electrode. The electrode membrane has a two-dimensional curvature when no voltage is applied to the pulldown electrode.Type: GrantFiled: November 30, 2004Date of Patent: February 3, 2009Assignee: Massachusetts Institute of TechnologyInventors: Carl O. Bozler, W. Gregory Lyons, Jeremy B. Muldavin
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Patent number: 7466470Abstract: A diffraction grating light modulator composed of a plurality of diffraction grating light modulating elements formed on a substrate, each consisting of a lower electrode, belt-like fixed electrodes and movable electrodes supported above the lower electrode, and exposed connecting terminals (for electrical connection to external circuits) electrically connected to the movable electrodes, the fixed electrodes and the movable electrodes constituting a diffraction grating upon application of a voltage to the lower electrode, the diffraction grating light modulator having a protective electrode surrounding the connecting terminals, so that the diffraction grating light modulating element is certainly protected from damage by static electricity.Type: GrantFiled: August 18, 2005Date of Patent: December 16, 2008Assignee: Sony CorporationInventors: Ayumu Taguchi, Masato Nishida, Yasuyuki Ito, Hitoshi Tamada
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Patent number: 7460739Abstract: An optical modulator comprises a Z-cut lithium niobate substrate (21) on which is formed a Mach-Zehnder interferometer having two generally parallel waveguides (23, 25) lying beneath a buffer layer of dielectric material (27). First and second ground electrodes (29, 33) and a hot electrode (31) are disposed on the buffer layer (27), the first and second ground electrodes (29, 33) being spaced either side of the hot electrode (31), the hot electrode (31) and the first ground electrode (29) being proximate to at least apart of the respective waveguides (25, 23). The electrode structure is unsymmetrical in that (a) the hot electrode and the first ground electrode each have a width substantially less than that of the second ground electrode and or (b) the spacing between the first ground and hot electrodes is different from the spacing between the second ground and hot electrodes. whereby a range of chirp values can be obtained.Type: GrantFiled: September 9, 2003Date of Patent: December 2, 2008Assignee: Avanex CorporationInventors: Giovanni Gilardi, Paolo Milanese, Simone Pensa
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Patent number: 7436387Abstract: An electrooptical device comprises an electrooptical layer between electrodes. The electrooptical layer includes a dispersion medium and particles contained in the dispersion medium. The particles are colored a first color, while the dispersion medium is colored a second color. The first and second colors are related to each other based on a relationship of complementary colors.Type: GrantFiled: August 6, 2003Date of Patent: October 14, 2008Assignee: Seiko Epson CorporationInventor: Makoto Katase
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Patent number: 7433111Abstract: On one pair of opposed side faces (1a, 1b) of electro-optic crystal (1), grooves (3a, 3b) are formed so as to make bottom faces of the grooves approach each other and make a distance between the bottom faces shorter than a predetermined distance, and the pair of electrodes (5a, 5b) are formed in the grooves (3a, 3b) so as to fill the grooves nearly completely.Type: GrantFiled: June 9, 2004Date of Patent: October 7, 2008Assignee: Nippon Telegraph and Telephone CorporationInventors: Aiichirou Sasaki, Mitsuru Shinagawa
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Publication number: 20080239450Abstract: A controllable optical lens comprises a chamber housing first and second fluids, the interface between the fluids defining a lens surface. An electrode arrangement controls the shape of the lens surface and is also for sensing the shape of the lens surface. The electrode arrangement comprising a plurality of electrode segments at different angular orientations about an optical axis of the lens. Surface characteristics are sensed at a plurality of angular orientations from the plurality of electrode segments, and in this way the local shape characteristics of the lens at different angular positions around the lens can be determined. In this way, asymmetry can be detected.Type: ApplicationFiled: March 29, 2005Publication date: October 2, 2008Applicant: KONINKLIJKE PHILIPS ELECTRONICS, N.V.Inventors: Albert H.J. Immink, Bernardus H.W. Hendriks, Stein Kuiper, Marco A.J. Van As
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Patent number: 7420725Abstract: A system and method for an optical component that masks non-active portions of a display and provides an electrical path for one or more display circuits. In one embodiment an optical device includes a substrate, a plurality of optical elements on the substrate, each optical element having an optical characteristic which changes in response to a voltage applied to the optical element, and a light-absorbing, electrically-conductive optical mask disposed on the substrate and offset from the plurality of optical elements, the optical mask electrically coupled to one or more of the optical elements to provide one or more electrical paths for application of voltages to the one or more optical elements. In another embodiment a method of providing an electrical signal to a plurality of optical elements of a display comprises electrically coupling an electrically-conductive light-absorbing mask to one or more optical elements, and applying a voltage to the mask to activate the one or more optical elements.Type: GrantFiled: April 29, 2005Date of Patent: September 2, 2008Assignee: IDC, LLCInventor: Manish Kothari
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Patent number: 7420726Abstract: A mounting structure for accommodating an electro-optical device having an image display area from which display light exits and for holding the accommodated electro-optical device by magnetic force includes a case and a mounting unit. The case has a window disposed in correspondence with the image display area, surrounds the electro-optical device from a peripheral edge of the electro-optical device, and has at least a portion of a surface at a side opposite to a side facing the electro-optical device formed of a magnetic material. The mounting unit is disposed at the case and is used for mounting the mounting structure to a mounting member which is an object for mounting the mounting structure thereto.Type: GrantFiled: September 12, 2005Date of Patent: September 2, 2008Assignee: Seiko Epson CorporationInventor: Tomoaki Miyashita
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Patent number: 7411715Abstract: A method of fabrication of an electrooptical device comprises depositing a colloid system of anisometric particles onto at least one electrode and/or onto at least one substrate and/or onto at least one layer of an isotropic or anisotropic material to form at least one layer of an electrooptical material, externally aligning the colloid system to form a preferred alignment of the colloid system particles, drying the colloid system, and forming at least one electrode and/or at least one layer of an isotropic or anisotropic material on at least a portion of the layer of the electrooptical material.Type: GrantFiled: May 15, 2006Date of Patent: August 12, 2008Assignee: Nitto Denko CorporationInventors: Pavel I. Lazarev, Michael V. Paukshto, Vladimir Sulimov
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Patent number: 7411724Abstract: A beam-steering element made of a more optically-active material, potassium tantalate niobate, with an improved diffraction efficiency, having a plurality of electrode layers and one electro-optic crystal layer interposed between every two adjacent electrode layers. Each electro-optic crystal layer and the electrode layer adjacent thereto have an aspect ratio of about 1:1. The electrode layers and the electro-optic crystal layers are interposed between two substrates. Preferably, the substrates are transparent to an incoming beam to be modulated by the electro-optic crystal layer.Type: GrantFiled: December 6, 2004Date of Patent: August 12, 2008Assignee: Northrop Grumman CorporationInventors: James M. Cicchiello, Curtis J. Harkrider, Kenneth E. Kreischer, David A. Gallagher
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Patent number: 7403677Abstract: An apparatus and method to operate on a light beam by using a lens that collimates the light beam to a collimated beam with at least one cross-sectional dimension less than a critical dimension of 400 ?m or less over a working range WR. The apparatus has a bulk electro-optic material of small thickness ?, e.g., less than 300 ?m positioned within working range WR and the collimated beam traverses it along its path. The apparatus has a voltage source for applying a low operating or drive voltage Vdrive, e.g. less than 400 V to the bulk electro-optic material for performing an operation on the collimated beam. The lens for collimating the light beam is a free-space collimator such as a graded index (GRIN) lens or preferably a C-lens. The apparatus is a versatile and scalable platform that can be employed in building various electro-optic devices.Type: GrantFiled: August 30, 2005Date of Patent: July 22, 2008Assignee: Agiltron, Inc.Inventors: Jing Zhao, Jin Guanghai, Shu Yongjun
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Patent number: 7388705Abstract: To provide an optical apparatus which controls an interface state to change a focal length by using an optical element having a container sealing first liquid that is conductive or polarized and second liquid that does not mutually mix with the first liquid with their interface in a predetermined form and electrodes provided in the container and of which optical characteristics change according to change of interface form due to application of voltage to the electrodes, and in particular an optical apparatus that controls a duty ratio of alternating current voltage applied to said electrodes for changing said interface form.Type: GrantFiled: November 20, 2006Date of Patent: June 17, 2008Assignee: Canon Kabushiki KaishaInventors: Ichiro Onuki, Goro Noto, Eriko Kawanami
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Patent number: 7382522Abstract: Various embodiments of a grooved substrate having electrical conductors and an electro optical material are disclosed.Type: GrantFiled: April 29, 2005Date of Patent: June 3, 2008Assignee: Hewlett-Packard Development Company, L.P.Inventor: Chinmay S. Betrabet
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Patent number: 7382512Abstract: Various devices and methods employing a resistive phase change material are disclosed.Type: GrantFiled: October 26, 2005Date of Patent: June 3, 2008Inventors: Zhizhang Chen, Qin Liu, Timothy F. Myers, Chien-Hua Chen
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Patent number: 7375870Abstract: An electrically controlled light modulator device comprises at least one cell, where two deformable dielectric layers meet at an interface, at least one of said layers consisting of viscoelastic relief forming gel. A first support electrode structure and a second signal electrode structures are arranged on separate sides of the dielectric layers in order to create an electric field passing through said layers and in order to create surface reliefs on the viscoelastic gel layer. According to the invention, a third enhancement electrode structure is arranged in the proximity of the first signal electrode structure. Applying enhancement signal voltage between the enhancement electrode structure and the signal electrode structure concentrates locally the electric field passing through the two deformable dielectric layers and therefore enhances the amplitude of the deformation of the viscoelastic gel layer.Type: GrantFiled: June 13, 2002Date of Patent: May 20, 2008Assignee: Nokia CorporationInventor: Marcus Schorpp
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Patent number: 7372607Abstract: The invention includes an apparatus for modulating an optical signal. The apparatus includes a spatial dispersion mechanism and a modulating mechanism. The spatial dispersion mechanism spatially disperses the optical signal. The spatially dispersed optical signal has a plurality of frequency components where each frequency component has an associated beam size. The modulating mechanism includes an array of modulating components where each modulating component has a pitch. The pitch of each modulating component is substantially equal to or less than the beam size of each frequency component.Type: GrantFiled: October 1, 2005Date of Patent: May 13, 2008Assignee: Lucent Technologies Inc.Inventor: Dan M. Marom
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Patent number: 7369293Abstract: A mounting case for an electro-optical device accommodates an electro-optical panel that is used in the electro-optical device in which display images are displayed on the basis of electrical signals transmitted to and from the outside through the mounting case. The mounting case for an electro-optical device includes a body portion that is constructed to accommodate the electro-optical panel in a state in which one end of a flexible wiring board for transmitting the electrical signals is connected to the periphery of the electro-optical panel and which has a wall portion defining an opening through which the other end of the flexible wiring board leads from the inside to the outside of the mounting case. The wall portion has a cross-sectional shape that widens from the inside to the outside of the mounting case in a cross section crossing a surface of the flexible wiring board in a direction from the inside toward the outside of the mounting case.Type: GrantFiled: August 24, 2005Date of Patent: May 6, 2008Assignee: Seiko Epson CorporationInventor: Tomoaki Miyashita
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Patent number: 7365894Abstract: Electrode structures including transparent electrode structures, in particular self supporting electrode structures, are described herein. Further, applications of the herein novel electrode structures are provided, including electronic writing tablets, electronic paper and fabrication methods for electronic writing tablets and electronic paper. The electrode structure may be transparent and self-supporting, thereby providing a novel electrode structure as compared to conventional transparent electrodes.Type: GrantFiled: October 4, 2004Date of Patent: April 29, 2008Assignee: Reveo, Inc.Inventor: Sadeg M. Faris
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Patent number: 7362485Abstract: An image display medium comprising: a display layer; a pair of substrates that retain the display layer therebetween, with at least parts of the pair of substrates configuring a frame portion to which an electrical connection connector for electrical connection to the outside connects, and with at least one of the pair of substrates being transparent; a first scan electrode group; a second scan electrode group; a first electrical contact group; a second electrical contact group; a first connection wire group; and a second connection wire group, wherein the first electrical contact group and the second electrical contact group are disposed apart from each other a distance that is greater than the distance between two mutually adjacent contacts belonging to the first electrical contact group or the second electrical contact group along at least one of a thickness direction and a surface direction of the pair of substrates, is provided.Type: GrantFiled: March 21, 2007Date of Patent: April 22, 2008Assignee: Fuji Xerox Co., Ltd.Inventors: Yoshiro Yamaguchi, Yoshinori Yamaguchi, Takayuki Takeuchi, Takashi Ozawa, Shigehiko Sasaki
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Patent number: 7355776Abstract: An acoustic damping material for electro-optic material has an adhesive material combined with a ceramic crystalline material such that the acoustic impedance of the combined adhesive material and the ceramic crystalline material is substantially the same as the acoustic impedance of the electro-optic material.Type: GrantFiled: March 10, 2005Date of Patent: April 8, 2008Assignee: Tektronix, Inc.Inventor: Christopher P. Yakymyshyn
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Patent number: 7352500Abstract: A display device comprising a plurality of independently addressable pixels (1) comprising: a first substrate (2); a counter-electrode (3); second substrate (4); a stack of electrochromic layers (5a, 5b, 5c) associated with said second substrate (4); an electrolyte (6) disposed between said counter-electrode (3) and said stack of electrochromic layers (5a, 5b, 5c). Said electrochromic layers (5a, 5b, 5c) are each independently addressable for switching operation; and separated from each other by layers of an electrolyte (7).Type: GrantFiled: July 1, 2003Date of Patent: April 1, 2008Assignee: Koninklijke Philips Electronics, N.V.Inventors: Hendrik Johannes Boudewijn Jagt, Nicolaas Petrus Willard, Mark Thomas Johnson
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Publication number: 20080074723Abstract: A light control device is formed by ferroelectric material and N electrodes positioned adjacent thereto to define an N-sided regular polygonal region or circular region therebetween where N is a multiple of four.Type: ApplicationFiled: September 7, 2006Publication date: March 27, 2008Applicant: U.S.A. as represented by the Administrator of the National Aeronautics and Space AdministrationInventors: Yeonjoon Park, Sang H. Choi, Glen C. King, Jae-Woo Kim, James R. Elliott
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Patent number: 7349140Abstract: A method for aligning multiple substrates. The method includes providing a handle substrate, providing a spacer substrate, and forming a plurality of first alignment marks on a first surface of the handle substrate. The method also includes forming a plurality of self-limiting alignment marks on a first surface of the spacer substrate and forming a plurality of openings in the spacer substrate, each of the plurality of openings surrounded by standoff regions. The method further includes aligning the first surface of the handle substrate and the first surface of the spacer substrate using the first alignment marks and the self-limiting alignment marks and bonding the handle substrate to the spacer substrate to form a composite substrate structure. In a specific embodiment, the plurality of self-limiting alignment marks and the plurality of openings are formed using an anisotropic wet etching process that preferentially etches the spacer substrate.Type: GrantFiled: May 31, 2005Date of Patent: March 25, 2008Assignee: Miradia Inc.Inventor: Xiao Yang
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Patent number: 7324257Abstract: The invention relates to an electro-optic modulator structure containing an additional set of bias electrodes buried within the device for applying bias to set the operating point. Thus the RF electrodes used to modulate incoming optical signals can be operated with zero DC bias, reducing electrode corrosion by galvanic and other effects that can be present in non-hermetic packages. The buried bias electrodes are also advantageous in controlling charge build-up with consequent improvement in drift characteristics. The bias electrode material is useful for routing bias signals inside the device, in particular to external terminals, as well as forming encapsulating layers to permit operation in non-hermetic environments, thereby lowering manufacturing costs. Embodiments using both X-cut and Z-cut lithium niobate (LiNbO3) are presented. For the latter, the bias electrodes can be split along their axis to avoid optical losses.Type: GrantFiled: July 26, 2005Date of Patent: January 29, 2008Assignee: JDS Uniphase CorporationInventors: Gregory J. McBrien, Karl Kissa, Glen Drake, Kate Versprille
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Patent number: 7319553Abstract: Disclosed herein is an optical modulator module package structure. In the optical modulator module package structure, an optical modulator device and a drive integrated circuit device are flip-chip bonded to a substrate, and an opening of the substrate is blocked using a piece of glass.Type: GrantFiled: February 21, 2006Date of Patent: January 15, 2008Assignee: Samsung Electro-Mechanics Co., Ltd.Inventor: Suk Kee Hong
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Patent number: 7317845Abstract: An optical modulator is overdriven to increase its nonlinearity and therefore improve its response as it pertains to differential phase shift keyed (DPSK) transmission and a method of operating the same. In one embodiment, the MZM includes an MZM drive circuit coupled to the electrodes and configured to deliver to the electrode a DPSK drive signal bearing digital data and having a voltage that exceeds a normal drive voltage of the MZM by at least about 20%.Type: GrantFiled: June 23, 2004Date of Patent: January 8, 2008Assignee: Lucent Technologies Inc.Inventors: Douglas M. Gill, Xiang Liu
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Patent number: 7317575Abstract: A novel dispersion optical system based on at least one grating is provided. The pitches of the grating are linearly modulated so that the incident light is dispersed into different monochromatic light at different diffraction angles. In such a system, an order sorting filter is not required to separate the light of a selected order from the rest of unwanted overlapped order.Type: GrantFiled: July 14, 2005Date of Patent: January 8, 2008Assignee: Instrument Technology Research CenterInventors: Kuen-Wey Shieh, Jerwei Hsieh, Hsiao-yu Chou
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Patent number: 7295360Abstract: A structure includes a substrate and a light modulating film formed on top of the substrate. The light modulating film is made of polycrystalline PLZT containing Pb, Zr, Ti, and La as constituent elements. The film has a La concentration in the range of 5 at % to 30 at %. The relative dielectric constant at a frequency of 1 MHz is higher than or equal to 1200.Type: GrantFiled: February 3, 2006Date of Patent: November 13, 2007Assignee: Rohm Co., Ltd.Inventors: Yoshikazu Fujimori, Takashi Nakamura
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Patent number: 7292382Abstract: A light control unit comprises: a substrate; an insulating film; a first transistor; a reflecting film formed on the insulating film; a light modulating film formed on the reflecting film; a plurality of pairs of electrodes arranged two-dimensionally on the light modulating film; and a polarizing plate formed on a first electrode. Here, the light modulating film is made of a material that varies in refractive index in accordance with the intensity of an electric field applied thereto. For such a material, PLZT containing Pb, Zr, Ti, and La as constituent elements may be used.Type: GrantFiled: February 3, 2006Date of Patent: November 6, 2007Assignee: Rohm Co., Ltd.Inventors: Yoshikazu Fujimori, Ken Nakahara, Takashi Nakamura
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Patent number: 7291921Abstract: A structure of a micro electro mechanical system and a manufacturing method are provided, the structure and manufacturing method is adapted for an optical interference display cell. The structure of the optical interference display cell includes a first electrode, a second electrode and posts. The second electrode comprises a conductive layer covered by a material layer and is arranged about parallel with the first electrode. The support is located between the first plate and the second plate and a cavity is formed. In the release etch process of manufacturing the structure, the material layer protects the conductive layer from the damage by an etching reagent. The material layer also protects the conductive layer from the damage from the oxygen and moisture in the air.Type: GrantFiled: March 29, 2004Date of Patent: November 6, 2007Assignee: Qualcomm Mems Technologies, Inc.Inventor: Wen-Jian Lin
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Patent number: 7272271Abstract: An optical device includes, a first Mach-Zehnder modulator that produces a first output, and a second Mach-Zehnder modulator which produces a second output. A splitter couples the first and second Mach-Zehnder modulators. A combiner combines the first and second outputs. A phase shifter is coupled to the first and second Mach-Zehnder modulators. The first Mach-Zehnder modulator, second Mach-Zehnder modulator, splitter, combiner and the phase shifter are each formed as part of a single chip made of electro-optical material. Such two similar optical device integrated together with polarization combiner provide a two-polarization performance.Type: GrantFiled: July 2, 2003Date of Patent: September 18, 2007Assignee: Celight, Inc.Inventors: Arkady Kaplan, Yaakov Achiam, Arthur Greenblatt, Isaac Shpantzer, Pak Shing Cho, Michael Tseytlin, Aviv Salamon
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Patent number: 7268849Abstract: A spatial light modulator has a transmissive window with a transparent conductive film forming a ground plane and a direct drive backplane with a plurality of voltage gradient pixels. Each of the voltage gradient pixels has (a) resistive film, (b) resistive metal conductor frame on a boundary of the resistive film, and (c) conductive metal leads between a substrate of the direct drive backplane and the resistive metal frame. Differential voltages applied to the metal frame via the conductive metal leads generate a selective two-dimensional linear voltage gradient across the resistive film. A layer of liquid crystal material is disposed between the transmissive window and the voltage gradient pixels. Liquid crystal material of each voltage gradient pixel is responsive to an electric field generated by the voltage gradient to two-dimensionally alter phase of a wavefront incident thereon.Type: GrantFiled: September 28, 2005Date of Patent: September 11, 2007Assignee: Teledyne Licensing, LLCInventors: Dong-Feng Gu, Bruce K. Winker
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Patent number: 7265889Abstract: An electrochemical device includes at least one carrier substrate, and a stack of functional layers including at least one electrically conducting layer that includes metal oxide(s), and a multicomponent electrode including at least one electrochemically active layer, at least one higher-conductivity material and at least one network of one of conducting wires and conducting strips. The higher-conductivity material has a surface resistance that is lower than a surface resistance of the electrically conducting layer. The stack of functional layers is arranged between two substrates, and each may be rigid, of glass type or rigid polymer or semi-rigid or flexible of PET type.Type: GrantFiled: October 17, 2005Date of Patent: September 4, 2007Assignee: Saint-Gobain Glass FranceInventors: Claude Morin, Fabien Beteille, Jean-Christophe Giron
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Patent number: 7262898Abstract: The invention includes an apparatus for modulating an optical signal. The apparatus includes a modulating mechanism comprising a plurality of modulating component arrays, each modulating component array comprising a plurality of modulating components, wherein adjacent ones of the plurality of modulating components in each modulating component array are separated by gaps, and wherein adjacent ones of the plurality of modulating component arrays are offset along a dispersion direction of an incident optical signal such that the gaps associated with the adjacent ones of the plurality of modulating component arrays are offset. In one embodiment, rows of the modulating components in the modulating component arrays are offset along the dispersion direction of the incident optical signal by a fraction of the modulating component pitch.Type: GrantFiled: October 1, 2005Date of Patent: August 28, 2007Assignee: Lucent Technologies Inc.Inventors: Dan M. Marom, David Thomas Neilson
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Patent number: 7250636Abstract: A display apparatus includes an array of fiber-type semiconductor light-emitting elements. Each of the fiber-type semiconductor light-emitting elements includes a layered structure having a first electrode layer, a second electrode layer, and a semiconductor light-emitting layer at least part of which is sandwiched by the first and second electrode layers, and a fiber for supporting the layered structure and for propagating light emitted from the light-emitting layer. The display apparatus also includes driving connectors including a switching element or a plurality of first and second conductive lines, which are electrically connected to the first and second electrode layers, respectively, for driving the plurality of the fiber-type semiconductor light-emitting elements.Type: GrantFiled: August 10, 2004Date of Patent: July 31, 2007Assignee: Sharp Kabushiki KaishaInventor: Shinichi Terashita
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Patent number: 7233429Abstract: This invention relates to an electrophoretic display comprising cells of well-defined shape, size and aspect ratio which cells are filled with charged pigment particles dispersed in a solvent, and novel processes for its manufacture.Type: GrantFiled: January 7, 2005Date of Patent: June 19, 2007Assignee: SiPix Imaging, Inc.Inventors: Rong-Chang Liang, Scott C-J Tseng, Zarng-Arh George Wu, HongMei Zang
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Patent number: 7227677Abstract: The invention relates to a micro light modulator arrangement (10) comprising at least one light transmission path (23) and at least one controllable shutter (11, 16) arranged for modulation of light transmitted via said at least one light transmission path (23), said at least a part of said light transmission path comprising a translucent solid material, and said at least a part of said light transmission path being an integral part of a substrate to which said at least one controllable shutter (11, 16) is anchored.Type: GrantFiled: March 26, 2002Date of Patent: June 5, 2007Assignee: DTCON A/SInventors: Jan Tue Ravnkilde, Henning Henningsen
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Patent number: 7206115Abstract: The invention provides an optical switching element and a device, an optically addressed type display medium and a display each including such an optical switching element. The optical switching element comprising an optical switching layer including lower and upper charge generating layers and a charge transporting layer sandwiched therebetween, wherein the optical switching element has at least one of the following characteristics. (1) In the charge transporting layer, a charge transporting material to binder polymer ratio calculated according to the formula: [charge transporting material/(charge transporting material+binder polymer)]×100 (% by weight) is 50% by weight or more; (2) a polymer compound is used as the charge transporting material; and (3) the charge generating layer on the light incident side (the lower charge generating layer) has a lower light absorptance than that of the other charge generating layer (the upper charge generating layer).Type: GrantFiled: December 22, 2003Date of Patent: April 17, 2007Assignee: Fuji Xerox Co., Ltd.Inventors: Takehito Hikichi, Hideo Kobayashi
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Patent number: 7190503Abstract: A method of manufacturing an electro-optical device having a curved display surface with high reliability is provided. A liquid crystal panel 100 comprising a TFT array substrate 10 and a counter substrate 20, each composed of a glass substrate or a quartz substrate, is thinned down to, for example, a thickness of 25 ?m by a polishing process or an etching process. Subsequently, a first polarizing plate 140, first spacers 260, the liquid crystal panel 100, second spacers 270, and a second polarizing plate 150 are superposed on a base 210 having a curved surface 220 in this order, and then the outer circumference of the second polarizing plate 150 is pressed against the base 210 while curving the second polarizing plate 150 along the curved surface 220 of the base 210. Then, in order to maintain such a curved state, the second polarizing plate 150 is fixed to the base 210 by a double-faced tape 280.Type: GrantFiled: October 22, 2004Date of Patent: March 13, 2007Assignee: Seiko Epson CorporationInventor: Katsuya Ide
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Patent number: 7190504Abstract: An electro-optical device is provided comprising an electro-optical material and means for applying an electric field to the electro-optical material, in which a plurality of pixel regions DR, DG and DB capable of separately controlling optical states of the electro-optical material are arranged and each pixel region is provided with a light transmitting portion (an aperture portion (212aR, 212aG, and 212aB)) and a light reflecting portion (a reflective surface (212R, 212G, and 212B)). At adjacent pixel regions that are arranged in a predetermined direction, end edges Ea and Eb of each of the light transmitting portions orthogonal to the predetermined arrangement direction are aligned with each other.Type: GrantFiled: September 16, 2004Date of Patent: March 13, 2007Assignee: Seiko Epson CorporationInventor: Nobuo Sugiyama
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Patent number: 7179535Abstract: The present invention is in the field of polymer sheets and multiple layer glass panels having adjustable tint, and, more specifically, the present invention is in the field of polymer sheets and multiple layer glass panels comprising agents that cause a change in light transmission properties when subjected to an electric field.Type: GrantFiled: December 17, 2003Date of Patent: February 20, 2007Assignee: Solutia IncorporatedInventor: William Keith Fisher
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Patent number: 7177549Abstract: A transmission line with a bending portion is provided, which line comprises any one of a coplanar line, another coplanar waveguide line formed on the dielectric substrate under which a ground layer is provided and a coplanar strip line. A chamfered portion is provided on the outer angular portion of the bending portion of the signal wiring conductor and a triangular conductor is disposed to an inner angular portion thereof. Given that length of the chamfered portion is defined as a, and length of the wiring edge side of the triangular conductor is defined as b and width of the signal wiring conductor is defined as c, it is arranged such that a is greater than b+c×square root of 2. Thereby, a transmission line or an optical module of smaller reflection loss at the bending portion thereof and of improved high-frequency characteristics is provided.Type: GrantFiled: August 16, 2002Date of Patent: February 13, 2007Assignee: OpNext Japan, Inc.Inventors: Naoki Matsushima, Kazumi Kawamoto, Hideyuki Kuwano, Yoshiaki Niwa, Tetsuya Kato
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Patent number: 7170664Abstract: The invention presents an optical element with which an optical head can be configured, in which there is little deterioration of the correctional effect when the objective lens shifts, as well as an optical head and an optical recording/reproducing apparatus using such an optical element. The invention also presents a novel optical recording/reproducing apparatus and optical recording/reproducing method. The optical element, includes a first voltage application electrode 13, a first opposing electrode 17 arranged in opposition to the first voltage application electrode 13, and a first phase changing layer 15 arranged between the first voltage application electrode 13 and the first opposing electrode 17. By changing a voltage between the first voltage application electrode 13 and the first opposing electrode 17, a phase that converts plane waves into spherical waves is imparted on light that is incident on the first phase changing layer 15.Type: GrantFiled: August 15, 2005Date of Patent: January 30, 2007Assignee: Matsushita Electric Industrial Co., Ltd.Inventors: Hidenori Wada, Tetsuo Saimi, Daisuke Ogata, Seiji Nishino, Hiroaki Yamamoto, Shin-ichi Kadowaki, Yoshiaki Komma
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Patent number: RE39642Abstract: A spatial light modulator including a thin layer of solid-state electro-optical material having parallel, opposite first and second surfaces, an elongated first electrode disposed on the first surface and a plurality of spaced, elongated second electrodes disposed on the second surface and generally perpendicular to the first electrode. The layer of solid-state electro-optical material has a thickness in the range of approximately 5 to 15 microns, and is composed of PLZT. In one embodiment, a plurality of thin regions of insulator are disposed on the first surface between portions of the first electrode and the electro-optical material.Type: GrantFiled: December 1, 2003Date of Patent: May 22, 2007Inventor: Garth W. Gobeli