Abstract: Aspects and examples are directed to programmable optical finite impulse response filters and optical infinite impulse response filters, which may be implemented as photonic integrated circuits.

Abstract: An optical wireless communication (OWC) system comprises: an access point (AP) comprising a plurality of OWC transmitters and a plurality of OWC receivers; a station (STA) comprising at least one retroreflector; and a controller configured to control the OWC AP transmitters and/or OWC AP receivers; wherein the controller is configured to process data representative of at least one OWC signal that is received by at least one of the OWC AP receivers after having been transmitted by at least one of the OWC AP transmitters and reflected by the at least one retroreflector; and the controller is configured to activate and/or deactivate at least one of the OWC AP transmitters and/or OWC AP receivers based on the processing of the data that is representative of the received at least one OWC signal.

Abstract: There is provided a vehicle including: a plurality of dimming glass units used for a plurality of windows; a sensor that acquires an entering situation of natural light at a predetermined position; and a controller. The controller performs: specifying a first dimming glass unit that is a control target out of the plurality of dimming glass units in accordance with the entering situation of natural light; and controlling a light shielding property of the first dimming glass unit. The controller controls the first dimming glass unit so as to be into a light shielding state when the entering situation of natural light satisfies a first condition indicating that an occupant in the vehicle feels glaringness, and releases the light shielding state of the first dimming glass unit when the entering situation of natural light satisfies a second condition indicating that the occupant in the vehicle does not feel glaringness.

Abstract: The present invention includes an optical deflector that changes a deflection angle depending on an applied voltage, a voltage control unit that applies a voltage to the optical deflector, and a storage unit that stores a value of a voltage to be output by the voltage control unit. The voltage control unit outputs a voltage of a value stored in the storage unit to the optical deflector. The storage unit stores a goal voltage V=ggoal(t), which provides a deflection angle ? with the goal time dependency ?=?goal(t).

Abstract: Methods are provided for fabricating electrochromic devices that mitigate formation of short circuits under a top bus bar without predetermining where top bus bars will be applied on the device. Devices fabricated using such methods may be deactivated under the top bus bar, or may include active material under the top bus bar. Methods of fabricating devices with active material under a top bus bar include depositing a modified top bus bar, fabricating self-healing layers in the electrochromic device, and modifying a top transparent conductive layer of the device prior to applying bus bars.

Abstract: A display device that includes: a display panel; a sensor that is disposed on a side of the display panel; and a discoloration layer that is disposed on an opposite side of the display panel, wherein a transmittance of the discoloration layer may vary by 5 times to 20 times, which depends on whether or not ultraviolet light is present, with respect to light having a wavelength of about 600 nm to about 630 nm.

Abstract: Each semiconductor device includes a semiconductor laser unit and an optical modulator unit. Each transmission line is configured to transmit a drive signal to the optical modulator unit. Each resistor is provided for the transmission line and configured to terminate the drive signal. Each first conductive pattern is connected to one electrode of the semiconductor laser unit and one electrode of the optical modulator unit. Each chip capacitor has one electrode connected to another electrode of the semiconductor laser unit through a bonding wire. Each chip capacitor has another electrode connected to the first conductive pattern that is connected to the semiconductor laser unit. Each second conductive pattern is connected to the resistor, directly or through a DC blocking capacitor. Each third conductive pattern is connected to each of the first conductive pattern and the second conductive pattern through a conductive via hole in the chip carrier.

Abstract: A method controls a plurality of assigned electrically controlled transmission switch elements of a first set in a vehicle sunroof.

Abstract: An optical device includes variable optical material that alters at least one of: incident ambient light, spectral content of incident ambient light or direction of incident ambient light through the optical device in response to a stimulus provided by the device. The device can sense intensity and/or spectral characteristics of ambient light and provide appropriate stimulus to various portions of the optical device to activate the variable optical material and alter at least one of: incident ambient light, spectral content of incident ambient light or direction of incident ambient light.

Abstract: A composite pane having an electrically controllable functional element that can be switched in segments, includes first and second panes joined to one another via an intermediate layer, and a functional element with a plurality of side edges embedded in the intermediate layer. The functional element includes, arranged flat one over another, a first surface electrode and a second surface electrode, between which an active layer is arranged flat. The first surface electrode is divided into multiple segments by a separating line. A group of first busbars electrically conductively contact the first surface electrode, and each segment of the first surface electrode is electrically conductively contacted by one busbar from the group of the first busbars. A second busbar electrically conductively contacts the second surface electrode.

Abstract: An apparatus and method for circuit failure detection for a diode array. The apparatus includes a diode array, a diode array test circuit electrically coupled to the diode array and operable to perform circuit failure detection during a test mode when a test input voltage is applied, the diode array test circuit includes an input resistor, an input voltage node, a buffered amplifier circuit, and a plurality of amplifier circuit switches. The apparatus further includes a current detector electrically coupled to the output of the buffered amplifier circuit and operable to determine, during the test mode, a current measurement of the pulse laser diode array.

Abstract: An optical semiconductor device includes an optical semiconductor chip in which at least one optical element is formed in a semiconductor substrate, and an extended wire pattern that is connected to a first electrode and a second electrode of the optical element and that extends outside the optical semiconductor chip. The first electrode and the second electrode of the optical semiconductor device are formed on the front surface side of the optical semiconductor chip, and the extended wire pattern is disposed on the front surface of the optical semiconductor chip or disposed at a position apart from the front surface.

Abstract: An optical reservoir computing (ORC) system has a near-UV light emitting diode modulator (LED-M), a beam expander (BE), a fluorescer array (FA), an optical integrator (OA), a liquid crystal spatial light modulator (LC-SLM), and a photo-detector array (PDA). The LED-M receives an input electrical signal and outputs an optical signal passing through the BE, being made incident upon the FA, being processed in the OA, and being multiplexed onto the LC-SLM. “Non-Linearity” is introduced by overlapping responses to input signals by the FA. “High Dimensionality” is provided by the random but fixed time-wavelength multiplexing onto an imaging plane by a Fresnel-Kohler Integrator (FKI). “Fading Memory” is provided by different decay time constants of the fluorescers. A method of using the ORC system comprises the steps of minimizing an error function of difference between a measured state of the PDA and a target state of the PDA by a regression model.

Abstract: Aspects and embodiments relate to a plasmonic metamaterial structure, applications and devices including that plasmonic metamaterial structure, and a method of forming that plasmonic metamaterial structure. Aspects and embodiments provide a plasmonic metamaterial structure which comprises: a plurality of optical antenna elements. The plurality of optical antenna elements comprise: a first electrode, a second electrode and a plasmonic nanostructure element located between the first and second electrode to form an electron tunnelling junction between the first and second electrodes. The plurality of optical antenna elements are configured such that the electromagnetic field of one optical antenna element spatially overlaps that of adjacent optical antenna elements and adjacent optical antenna elements are electromagnetically coupled to allow the plurality of optical antenna elements to act as a plasmonic metamaterial.

Abstract: A method of controlling tint of a tintable window to account for occupant comfort in a room of a building. The tintable window is between the interior and exterior of the building. The method predicts a tint level for the tintable window at a future time based on a penetration depth of direct sunlight through the tintable window into the room at the future time and space type in the room. The method also provides instructions over a network to transition tint of the tintable window to the tint level.

Abstract: An optical transmitter includes an electro-optic modulator, a monitor circuit that monitors output light of the electro-optic modulator, and a processor that controls a bias voltage of the electro-optic modulator using a monitoring result of the monitor circuit, wherein the processor superimposes a first dither signal with a first frequency and a second dither signal with a second frequency different from the first frequency, onto one bias voltage in a time sharing manner, calculates a first control error based on a first component oscillating at the first frequency and a second control error based on a second component oscillating at the second frequency based on the monitoring result, and determines a control value for controlling the bias voltage using the first control error and the second control error.

Abstract: The present disclosure provides a light control glass and a method for detecting a tension thereof. The light control glass includes: two opposite glass substrates with a receiving space therebetween; and a tension detection circuit board in the receiving space. The light control glass further includes a first electromagnetic plug coupled to the tension detection circuit hoard, and a joint of the first electromagnetic plug is exposed from an outer edge of the two opposite glass substrates.

Abstract: An irradiation device for an additively manufacturing apparatus may include a working beam generation device configured to provide a working beam, a modulation beam generation device configured to provide a modulation beam, and a solid-state optical modulator that includes a crystalline material that exhibits a change in refractive index in response to photoexcitation of free electrons within the crystalline material. The irradiation device may include a power source coupled to the solid-state optical modulator and configured to introduce free electrons into the crystalline material. The modulation beam may cause photoexcitation of the free electrons within the crystalline material. The photoexcitation of the free electrons within the crystalline material may cause the crystalline material to exhibit a change in refractive index.

Abstract: An array substrate and display device are provided. The array substrate includes a base substrate, and gate lines, data lines, compensation blocks and sub-pixels located on the base substrate. Two gate lines are arranged between two adjacent rows of sub-pixels. The data lines are provided with multiple first extensions and second extensions arranged alternately. The extending direction of the first extensions intersects with the extending direction of the second extensions. The gate lines and data lines define multiple first pixel areas and second pixel areas on the base substrate. Two sub-pixels are arranged in the first pixel area, and one sub-pixel is arranged in the second pixel area. The multiple first pixel areas are arranged in an array, the multiple second pixel areas are arranged in two columns, and multiple columns of the first pixel areas are located between the two columns of the second pixel areas.

Abstract: A system comprising an illumination system to direct light from one or more light sources to a limiting output pupil of a projection optomechanical system, a liquid crystal on silicon display panel (LCOS) to modulate the light from the projection optomechanical system and to direct the modulated light back toward the projection optomechanical system, and an in-coupler to a combiner waveguide to receive the modulated light from the LCOS, after it passes through the projection optomechanical system. The system in one embodiment is designed so that the light that passes through the projection optomechanical system from the illumination system lands on the LCOS within the limiting output pupil of the projection optomechanical system.

Abstract: In a first aspect, a testing assembly for conducting reliability tests on liquid lenses includes a liquid lens, and a test frame arranged to receive the liquid lens. The liquid lens includes a lens body defining a cavity, a first liquid disposed within the cavity, and a second liquid disposed within the cavity that is substantially immiscible with the first liquid such that an interface between the first liquid and the second liquid forms a lens. The test frame includes a front wall, and a back wall oriented substantially parallel to the front wall. The liquid lens mounts to at least one of the front wall or the back wall and the test frame simulates a smart device incorporating a liquid lens.

Abstract: An example system includes a high-side electrode layer including a number of discrete electrodes and a low-side electrode layer. The system further includes an electro-optic (EO) layer including an EO active material positioned between the high-side electrode layer and the low-side electrode layer, thereby forming a number of active cells of the EO layer. Each of the number of active cells of the EO layer includes a portion of the EO layer that is positioned between one of the discrete electrodes and the low-side electrode layer. The example system further includes an insulator operationally coupled to the active cells of the EO layer, and at least partially positioned between a first one of the active cells and a second one of the active cells.

Abstract: A vehicular vision system includes an electronic control unit (ECU) disposed at an interior rearview mirror assembly of a vehicle equipped with the vehicular vision system that includes electronic circuitry and associated software, a driver monitoring camera disposed at the interior rearview mirror assembly and having a field of view of a driver region in a cabin of the vehicle, and an occupant monitoring camera disposed at the interior rearview mirror assembly and having a field of view of an occupant region in the cabin of the vehicle. The electronic circuitry of the ECU includes an image processor operable to process image data captured by the driver monitoring camera and the occupant monitoring camera. The ECU, via processing at the ECU of image data captured by the driver monitoring camera, determines attentiveness of a driver of the vehicle.

Abstract: An electro-optic device comprises in order, an electrically-conductive light-transmissive layer, an electro-optic material layer, an adhesive layer, and a backplane substrate comprising a plurality of pixel electrodes configured to apply an electrical potential between the electrically-conductive light-transmissive layer and the pixel electrodes. An activation region, comprising an identification marker, is located in a layer of the electro-optic device and it emits radiation of a characteristic wavelength upon activation by a stimulus, enabling the identification of the manufacturing source and the manufacturing lot of the electro-optic device and its components. The technology is also relevant for a front plane laminate and a double release sheet, which are useful components for the manufacture of electro-optic devices.

Abstract: Embodiments of the present invention comprise a signal processing method and apparatus for use in a satellite payload in which an input RF signal received at a receiver antenna is modulated by using a single optical carrier at the input of an optical modulator. The optical domain signal is processed and is subsequently combined with a single unmodulated optical LO tone to provide an output RF signal for radiation by a transmitter antenna or for further digital processing by an on-board processor. This results in a clean generation of the frequency-converted RF signal at the output of the opto-electrical conversion stage.

Abstract: Methods for driving an electrophoretic medium including two pairs of oppositely charged particles. The first pair including a first type of positive particles and a first type of negative particles and the second pair consists of a second type of positive particles and a second type of negative particles, wherein the first pair of particles and the second pair of particles have different charge magnitudes (identifiable as zeta potentials). In particular, the driving methods produce cleaner optical stakes of the lesser-charged particles with less contamination from the other particles and more consistent electro-optical performance when the intermediate driving voltages are modified.

Abstract: Designs and implementations of light detection and ranging (LiDAR) systems that project light at a set of different wavelength division multiplexed (WDM) wavelengths based on WDM optical designs to reduce the number of components, complexity of LiDAR optical systems, the weight and cost of LiDAR systems for a wide range of applications.

Abstract: An optoelectronic oscillator (OEO) including a drift compensation circuit is provided. The OEO includes a set of optical domain components communicatively coupled with a set of RF domain components. The RF domain components include a mode selection filter, a phase locked loop (PLL) and a drift compensation circuit communicatively coupled between the mode selection filter and the PLL. The mode selection filter provides a mode selection result to the drift compensation circuit. The drift compensation circuit phase modulates the mode selection result in a vector based coordinate system to maintain a drift compensated mode selection result within a locking bandwidth of the PLL, and to minimize phase shifting from accumulating phase drift. The PLL detects a phase difference between the drift compensated mode selection result and a reference signal, for use in maintaining the PLL in a phase lock with the reference signal, in particular over wide operational temperature ranges.

Abstract: An optical communication device may include a driver component, arranged to achieve a driving voltage, and a modulator component, including a laser or arranged to receive light from a laser. The modulator component may be arranged to achieve a modulated light signal modulated based on the driving voltage. The device may include a transmission line arranged to transfer the driving voltage between the driver component and the modulator component. The transmission line may not impedance matched to the driver component, the transmission line may have an impedance which is at least 20% lower than an output impedance of the driver component, and the transmission line may be impedance matched with respect to signal reflections to the modulator component.

Abstract: An optical transceiver including a submount, a Mach-Zehnder Modulator (MZM), bonding wires, and a low pass filter type matching network is provided. The MZM includes an input port and an output port and disposed on the submount. The bonding wires are coupled to the submount and the MZM. The low pass filter type matching network is coupled to the bonding wires and is configured to absorb inductance of the bonding wires at a high frequency.

Abstract: A transmittance-variable film, a use thereof, and a smart window including the same are disclosed herein. In some embodiments, a transmittance-variable film includes a first electrode substrate, a first electrode insulating layer disposed on the first electrode substrate, an electrophoretic layer, a second electrode insulating layer, and a second electrode insulating layer disposed on the second electrode substrate, wherein the first electrode substrate, the electrophoretic layer, and the second electrode substrate are sequentially arranged, and wherein the first and second electrode insulating layers contain a fluorine-based resin. Upon repeated driving of the film between a transparent mode and a black mode, the transmittance-variable film can maintain a transmittance constant in the transparent mode and exhibit an excellent light shielding ratio in the black mode.

Abstract: A light-emitting device (100A) includes: a lead frame (110) including a die paddle (111) and a lead (112) spaced apart from each other; a light-emitting die (120) attached on the die paddle (111); a wire (130) bonding the light-emitting die (120) to the lead (112), wherein a first end (131) of the wire (130) and a region of the light-emitting die (120) to which the first end (131) of the wire (130) is bonded form a first necking area (141); a first resin cover (150a) covering the first necking area (141); and a second resin cover (160) covering the first resin cover (150a), the light-emitting die (120), and the wire (130). The first resin cover (150a) has a hardness lower than a hardness of the second resin cover (160).

Abstract: A variable light transmission device has at least one layer of electrophoretic medium comprising charged particles. Application of a an electric field having a waveform formed by a superposition of a carrier and a modulator waveform enables the switching of the device from a closed state to an open state, wherein the open state has higher light transmission than the closed state. As a result, the device enables the selection of the desired optical state by the user.

Abstract: A decoration element including a color developing layer including a light reflective layer, a light absorbing layer provided on the light reflective layer, and a convex portion or concave portion having an asymmetric-structured cross-section; an electrochromic device provided on any one surface of the color developing layer; and an in-mold label layer provided on the other surface of the color developing layer.

Abstract: An electro-optic display having a viewing surface through which a user views the display, a bistable, electrophoretic medium, and at least one electrode arranged to apply an electric field to the electrophoretic medium, the display further comprising at least 10 micromoles per square meter of the viewing surface of at least one compound having an oxidation potential more negative that about 150 mV with respect to a standard hydrogen electrode, as measured at pH 8, where the compound is a sulfite salt or a salt of titanium (III), vanadium (II), iron (II), cobalt (II) or copper (I), a hydroquinone, a catechol, a dihydropyridine or a metallocene.

Abstract: An electro-optical device includes a radiation source, which is configured to emit multiple beams of light. A scanner includes an array of cells. Each cell is positioned to receive one or more of the beams of light and includes transparent entrance and exit faces, at least one of the faces comprising a flexible membrane. A volume of a transparent fluid is contained between the entrance and exit faces, so that the one or more of the beams enter the volume through the entrance face and exit the volume through the exit face. At least one actuator is coupled to the flexible membrane, and configured, responsively to an applied electrical signal, to apply an asymmetrical deformation to the flexible membrane, thereby deflecting the beams by refraction in the transparent fluid. A controller is configured to vary the electrical signal so as to scan the beams of light over respective angular ranges.

Abstract: An electro-optic modulator includes a base plate, an optical waveguide, at least one set of modulation electrodes, and an electromagnetic shielding structure. The electromagnetic shielding structure includes a top shielding member covering the set of modulation electrodes from above, and a side shielding member disposed on two sides of the set of modulation electrodes. At least a portion of the side shielding member extends into the base plate to isolate the set of modulation electrodes.

Abstract: An electrochromic film, which is a reflective electrochromic film, which includes an electrode layer, a light absorbing layer and an electrochromic layer. The film can improve an electrochromism rate and realize various colors or esthetic senses.

Abstract: The invention relates to a peripheral (1) including at least one transparent key (2), actuable under the effect of pressure and engaged in an opening (11) arranged on a first face (10a) of a case (10), the peripheral (1) including a system (13) for controlling and detecting a pressure exerted on the key (2), and at least one screen (4) allowing symbols (3) to be displayed through each key (2) via respectively a display path (5), the control and detection system (13) including a flexible membrane (14) ensuring an actuating force and a pressure feedback effect and including at least one orifice (17), each orifice delimiting a display path (5) for a key (2), and each orifice (17) being delimited by a border (17a) cooperating with a key (2).

Abstract: A functional element having electrically controllable optical properties, includes a stack sequence of at least a first carrier film, an active layer, and a second carrier film, wherein at least one exit surface of the active layer on at least one lateral face of the stack sequence of the functional element is sealed at least in sections with a barrier material.

Abstract: A right side windshield is capable of changing a visible light transmittance of an upper part including an upper end, and a left side windshield is also capable of changing a visible light transmittance of an upper part. A light control switch is disposed on an instrument panel around a driver seat of a vehicle. The light control switch is operated to reduce the visible light transmittance of the upper part. The reduction in the transmittance can be performed simultaneously with the reduction in the visible light transmittance of an upper part of a front windshield.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to the field of display technology, and discloses a display panel and a manufacturing method. The display panel includes a first substrate, a second substrate, a liquid crystal, and a backlight module, wherein the first substrate includes a display area and a bonding area adjacent to the display area, and the display area of the first substrate on one side close to the second substrate is provided with thin film transistors arranged in an array mode; the second substrate is disposed opposite to the display area of the first substrate; the liquid crystal is encapsulated between the first substrate and the second substrate; the area of the second substrate is smaller than that of the first substrate, and the second substrate is between the first substrate and the backlight module.

Abstract: A composite pane having electrically controllable optical properties, includes an outer pane, a first intermediate layer, a second intermediate layer, and an inner pane, a functional element having electrically controllable optical properties, which is arranged between the first intermediate layer and the second intermediate layer, and a thermoplastic frame layer, which surrounds the functional element in the manner of a frame, wherein the outer pane and the inner pane are joined to one another via the first intermediate layer, the second intermediate layer, and the thermoplastic frame layer, and an optical waveguide is arranged at least partially between the outer pane and the inner pane.

Abstract: Provided are an optical waveform shaping apparatus and an optical waveform shaping method. According to an embodiment, the optical waveform shaping apparatus includes a multiplexer/demultiplexer (D/MUX) unit demultiplexing an optical signal in which optical signals of a plurality of wavelengths are multiplexed, a micro lens system refracting the demultiplexed optical signal into a collimated beam of light, and a wavelength level controller unit shaping a waveform of the optical signal. The wavelength level controller unit includes a 2D LCoS for adjusting and reflecting an amplitude or a phase value of the demultiplexed optical signal to have a distribution that is desired for each cell, and a controller for controlling the distribution.

Abstract: Electrochromic devices with reflective structure and related manufacturing methods are provided. One of the electrochromic devices includes a bottom electrode layer, an electrochromic layer on the bottom electrode layer, an electrolyte layer on the electrochromic layer, a charge storage layer on the electrolyte layer, and a top electrode on the charge storage layer. The transmittance of the electrochromic device changes in response to a voltage applied between the bottom electrode layer and the top electrode layer. One of the bottom and the top electrode layers is a reflective conductive layer, while the other being a transparent conductive layer. This electrochromic device has a simplified structure due to the removal of a separated reflective film, which also results in simplified manufacturing process.

Abstract: A switchable panel is described that includes exterior layers, lamination layers extending between the exterior layers to outer edges of the switchable panel, a switchable component extending between the lamination layers and having a switchable component height, and a tension control component that prohibits a change of greater than ten percent to the switchable component height when tension is applied to the switchable panel.

Abstract: A display device includes a viewing angle control panel and a backlight module. The backlight module is arranged below the viewing angle control panel, and includes a light source and an optical adjustment layer. The optical adjustment layer includes a first surface, a second surface and a plurality of openings. The second surface is arranged in opposite to the first surface and in proximity to the light source. The plurality of openings pass through the optical adjustment layer.

Abstract: A composite substrate for an electro-optic element includes: an electro-optic crystal substrate having an electro-optic effect; a support substrate bonded to the electro-optic crystal substrate at least via an amorphous layer; and a low-refractive-index layer located between the electro-optic crystal substrate and the amorphous layer and having a lower refractive index than the electro-optical crystal substrate. The amorphous layer is constituted of one or more elements that constitute a layer or a substrate contacting the amorphous layer from one side and one or more elements that constitute a layer or a substrate contacting the amorphous layer from another side.

Abstract: The invention relates to a polymerisable LC medium with flat optical dispersion, a polymer film with flat optical dispersion obtainable from such a medium, and the use of the polymerisable LC medium and polymer film in optical, electro optical, electronic, semiconducting or luminescent components or devices.

Abstract: An optical parametric oscillator (OPO) including a thin film waveguide including a material having a second order nonlinear susceptibility generating an electromagnetic wave in response to pump electromagnetic wave inputted into the thin film waveguide. The electromagnetic wave has a first wavelength or first set of wavelengths longer than a second wavelength or second set of wavelengths of the pump electromagnetic wave. The thin film waveguide has a thickness on the order of the first wavelength or the first set of wavelengths in the thin film waveguide so as to guide the output electromagnetic wave along the thin film waveguide.