Abstract: A detector module is disclosed for an X-ray detector. In an embodiment, the detector module includes a number of sensor boards arranged adjacent to each other on a module support, each sensor board including, in a stack formation, a sensor layer having a sensor surface and a support ceramic by which the sensor layer is thermally coupled to the module support. A number of elements are arranged on the side of the support ceramic that faces the module support in a stack formation and at least one heating element is included which, in a plane of projection perpendicular to the stack formation, at least partially covers at least the area of the support ceramic that is free from the elements. An X-ray detector including a number of detector modules is also disclosed.

Abstract: Optical modulator having wide bandwidth based on Fabry-Perot resonant reflection is disclosed. The optical modulator includes: a bottom Distributed Bragg Reflector (DBR) layer; a top DBR layer including at least one layer, and a modified layer; and an active layer disposed between bottom and top DBR layers, wherein the at least one layer includes at least one pair of a first refractive index layer having a first refractive index and a second refractive index layer having a second refractive index, the modified layer includes at least one pair of a third refractive index layer having a third refractive index and a fourth refractive index layer having a fourth refractive index, the third and the fourth refractive indexes being different, and at least one of the third and the fourth refractive index layers has a second optical thickness that is not ?/4 or that is not an odd multiple thereof.

Abstract: A phosphor screen for image forming including phosphor material being excitable by light in a wavelength ?1. The phosphor screen receives an optical image from an image forming optical system and produces the optical image at a second wavelength ?2. The phosphor screen includes a phosphor layer comprising the phosphor material. A short-pass reflective coating is positioned on a first side of the phosphor layer. The short-pass reflective coating transmits the wavelength ?1 and reflects the wavelength ?2. A long-pass reflective coating is positioned on a second side of the phosphor layer. The long-pass reflective coating transmits the wavelength ?2 and reflects the wavelength ?1. A first substrate is positioned over the short-pass reflective coating. The first substrate is formed of optically clear and thermal conductive material. A second substrate is positioned over the long-pass reflective coating.

Abstract: The present invention provides a glass composition that has good formability and tends not to cause electric-field breakdown when formed into a spacer for an electron beam-excited display. The present invention relates to a glass composition that contains the following components, in terms of mass %: 20?SiO2<40, 6<B2O3?30, 0?Al2O3?20, 45?(SiO2+B2O3+Al2O3)?74, 0?MgO?15, 5?CaO?40, 0?SrO?30, 0?BaO?25, 0<(SrO+BaO)?50, 20?(MgO+CaO+SrO+BaO)?60, 0?ZnO?10, 0?ZrO2<10, 0?La2O3?20, 0?Y2O3?10, 0?TiO2?3, 1?Fe2O3?12, 0?Nb2O5?10, 0?Ta2O5?10, and 1?TiO2+Fe2O3+Nb2O5+Ta2O5?12 and that is substantially free of alkali metal oxide.

Abstract: A structure of an optical switch makes the optical switch capable of receiving broadband signals. And the manufacturing procedure is simplified.

Abstract: To provide a spatial optical modulation element having a long life free from a deterioration of optical modulation characteristics even if a high power laser beam with an ultra-short pulse is used as a modulation drive light. A spatial optical modulation element 1 wherein disposed between a prism 2 and an optical functional material layer 3 made of an optical functional material with the refractive index changeable by light irradiation, is a low refractive index layer 4 made of a transparent material with a refractive index lower than the refractive index of the dielectric. A spatial optical modulation method characterized in that using such a spatial optical modulation element 1, at the interface between the prism and the low refractive index layer, reflection of a to-be-modulated light 5 entering through the prism, is controlled by a modulation drive light 6.

Abstract: Techniques for reconfiguring spectral features stored in a medium based on a two-state atomic system with transition dipole moment ? includes causing a chirp to pass into the medium. The chirp includes a monochromatic frequency that varies in time by a chirp rate ? over a frequency band BR during a time interval TR. The amplitude AR of the chirp is constant over BR and equal to AR=(hbar/??)?{square root over ((? ln [2/?]))}, The term hbar is reduced Plank's constant, ln is a natural logarithm function, and ? is a ratio of a circumference of a circle to a diameter of the circle. For ?<<1, the atomic-state populations in the two states are inverted. For ?=1, prior atomic-state populations are erased, with final populations equal in the two states, regardless of populations before erasure.

Abstract: A particle beam deposition apparatus includes a particle source for generating a plurality of particles in suspended form, an expansion chamber, and a deposition chamber connected to the expansion chamber by an aerodynamic focusing stage, and containing a substrate. The aerodynamic focusing stage may be comprised of a plurality of aerodynamic focusing elements, or lenses. Particles, including nanoparticles, may be deposited on the substrate by generating an aerosol cloud of particles, accelerating the particles into the expansion chamber, creating a collimated beam out of the particles by passing them through the aerodynamic focusing lenses and into a deposition chamber, and impacting the particles into the substrate.

Abstract: A variable optical modulator for optical communication systems using a tunable dynamic grating comprises a gel or membrane layer attached adjacent to a prism communicating light to/from the optical communication system. A substrate has a plurality of individually addressable electrodes and drive means for providing regulated excitation voltage to each of the plurality of electrodes, thereby generating a wave pattern on a surface of the gel or membrane superimposed on an initial state of the gel or membrane layer.

Abstract: A surface plasmon optical modulator element includes a dielectric material block disposed so that light-to-be-modulated travels through the interior of the dielectric material block and impinges upon one surface thereof at an angle of total reflection, a metal film formed on the surface of the dielectric material block, a photo-functional film which is formed on the metal film and whose refractive index is changed upon exposure to light, and a modulating light source which projects modulating light onto the photo-functional film. The photo-functional film is formed of dye which contains an electron donor and an electron acceptor so that a photoelectron can be transferred therebetween.

Abstract: Optically generated charge carriers in an optically responsive medium, such as an optical switch, which are produced in response to a first pulse of optical radiation (P1), are de-excited by directing a second pulse (P2) of optical radiation into the medium. The second pulse occurs while the excitation produced by the first pulse remains coherent, and the relative phase of the first and second pulses is selected so that the second pulse destructively interferes with the excitation produced by the first pulse. The apparatus may be used as an optical switch or as a photodetector.

Abstract: A beam addressed electrostatically-actuated charge controlled mirror (CCM) with frame time utilization approaching 100% is provided by partially coating the CCM's pixelized beam addressing surface with a material having the opposite electron affinity. Each pixel of the pixelized beam addressing surface has first and second portions that exhibit secondary emission coefficients that are respectively less than and greater than one for the same beam energy. A beam or beams that are capable of subpixel resolution selectively address each pixel's first and second portions to control the amount of charge on the pixelized beam addressing surface and its localized potentials.

Abstract: The electrochromic element comprises an electrochromic layer (22) whose transmission properties change when a voltage difference is applied across the element. Said electrochromic layer (22) comprises a first metal oxide of the group formed by WO.sub.3, MoO.sub.3, Nb.sub.2 O.sub.5, MnO.sub.2 and ZrO.sub.2 (and combinations thereof) and a second metal oxide containing V.sub.2 O.sub.5, TiO.sub.2 and/or ZnO. If the concentration of the second metal in the mixture ranges from 1 to 15 at. %, preferably from 3 to 10 at. %, the electrochromic layer (22) is transparent and colorless if no guest atoms are incorporated in the layer, and it is (color neutral) grey if a substantial concentration of guest atoms is incorporated in the layer.Electrochromic elements are provided, for example, on the outer surface of a display screen of a display device.

Abstract: A electron beam row at a time addressed storage target includes substrate with a plurality of column electrodes affixed to the substrate by a suitable means. Adjacent column electrodes are displaced by a first period.The target includes a grid for collecting secondary electrons generated by bombarding the secondary electron emission means affixed to the substrate with a plurality of electron beams. Each beam strikes the target at a beam landing area. The beam landing areas of adjacent electron beams are displaced by the first period.The beam landing areas are positioned so each beam landing area is overlapped by a respective column electrode. A respective potential difference is applied between each electrode and the grid. Charge acquired by the target at each beam landing area is dependent upon the respective potential difference applied between the electrode which overlaps the beam landing area and the grid. Charge transfer is an equilibrium process involving secondary emissions.

Abstract: Digital data is stored using optical means exclusively in a storage media which is characterized with a soft-phonon mode. Electric dipole domains in the storage medium are caused to reverse in polarity in response to the impinging thereon of an optical pulse. The optical pulse, which may be formed of a plurality of colliding optical pulses, must have sufficient energy to cause the reversal of the polarization of the electric dipole domain, or the reorientation thereof, without providing sufficient energy whereby the dipole reverts to its initial condition. Any material which exhibits structural phase transitions associated with soft-phonons which can couple directly or by non-linear processes to incident irradiation are candidates for optical domain-switching.

Abstract: An electron beam addressed electro-optical (EO) light valve (EOLV) having a matrix of openings formed on and extending through an input conductive layer and further extends into an electrically insulating layer. A partially conductive coating is formed on the surface of each opening in the insulating layer, and has a substantially good electrical contact with the input conductive layer. An EO layer, formed of either a liquid crystal (LC) or a solid state EO crystal, is positioned on the optical output side of the insulating layer. Through the openings electrons from a scanning electron beam can reach and be directly deposited on the partially conductive coatings at a depth substantially close to the EO layer and substantially far away from the input conductive layer. The insulating material surrounding the openings in the insulating layer strictly prevents these deposited electrons from inter-opening motion.

Abstract: A spatial light modulator includes an electro-optic crystal plate and a mesh electrode for capturing secondary electrons emitted from the crystal plate. Primary electrons carrying an image corresponding to an input optical image are incident on the front surface of the crystal plate to write a charge pattern thereon. In a writing operation, a dc voltage and a ramp voltage is applied to the mesh electrode and the back surface of the crystal plate, respectively. The dc voltage and a variation range of the ramp voltage are shifted to obtain a desired input/output characteristic of the device. Alternatively, a decreasing rate of the ramp voltage is changed to obtain a desired characteristic.

Abstract: A device structure is provided for optical modulation using a quantum interference effect in an excited state of electron-systems. The optical modulation is performed by causing the effect of modulation on the excited state of electron-systems represented by excitons to be executed on light via the state in which the light and the excited state of electron-systems represented by the excitonic polaritons are coupled.