Abstract: A signal generator includes a photonic circuit configured to output a sequence of solitons at a known rate. The solitons illuminate a high-speed photodiode that, in response, generates an electrical signal, such as a sinusoidal signal, which can be provided as input to a direct digital synthesizer configured to output successive phases of a selected waveform in response to electrical stimulus.

Abstract: Example polarization processing optical devices, methods, and systems are disclosed. A polarization processing optical device includes a polarization beam splitter (PBS), a polarization rotator (PR), a coupler, and a phase tuner (PT), where one port of the PBS is configured to input a continuous light source, and the other two ports of the PBS are respectively connected to the PR and one port of the coupler, the PR is connected to another port of the coupler, the PT is disposed on a connection between the PBS and the coupler or a connection between the PR and the coupler, at least one port of the coupler is configured to output single-polarization light, and the PT is configured to control output optical power of the coupler.

Abstract: RF processing systems and methods. An RF processing system includes an optical storage module, a processing module, and an electro-optical modulation module. The electro-optical modulation module is configured to receive the first signal from the optical storage module, receive the modulation signal from the processing module, and electro-optically modulate the first signal based on the modulation signal.

Abstract: Source light having a range of optical wavelengths is generated. The source light is split into sample light and reference light. The sample light is delivered into a sample, such that it is scattered by the sample, resulting in signal light that exits the sample. The signal light and reference light are combined into an interference light pattern having optical modes. Different subsets of the optical modes of the interference light pattern are respectively detected, and high-bandwidth analog signals respectively corresponding to the different subsets of optical modes of the interference light pattern are output. At least one characteristic is extracted from each of the plurality of high-bandwidth analog signals, and low-bandwidth digital signals respectively comprising the extracted characteristics are output. The sample is analyzed based on the low-bandwidth digital signals.

Abstract: An apparatus for generating electromagnetic radiation includes a pump laser so adapted that in operation of the apparatus it generates electromagnetic continuous-wave pump radiation; an optical parametric oscillator which is arranged in the beam path of the pump radiation and has a non-linear optical crystal, and is so adapted that in operation of the apparatus it generates signal and idler radiation from the pump radiation, and a non-linear optical device having a non-linear optical crystal, being arranged at least in a beam path of the signal radiation or idler radiation, and being so adapted that in operation of the apparatus it generates from the signal or idler radiation electromagnetic radiation at a frequency greater than a frequency of the signal or idler radiation. The non-linear optical crystal being heated in a furnace so that the crystal has a temperature gradient in the beam direction of the signal or idler radiation.

Abstract: The present prevention provides a surface coating for cooling a surface by light scattering comprising a plurality of successive layers, each of the layers may be comprised of a plurality of spheres arranged to form a structure comprised of packed spheres. Each layer may have a different arrangement of packed spheres to create to a different light scattering property in each of the layers. The coating of the structures may also be formed by randomly packed spheres and the spheres may have a uniform diameter.

Abstract: An electro-optical crystal-mounted apparatus includes a compactly configured mounting sub-assembly, and a compactly configured position adjustment sub-assembly onto which the mounting sub-assembly is mounted. The mounting sub-assembly includes a mount including a thermally conductive and electrically insulating material, an electro-optical crystal housed within a cavity of the mount, and a layer of electrically conductive material disposed on at least a portion of the mount. The mounting sub-assembly further includes a crystal sub-assembly oven mounted to, and at least partially enclosing the mount, and a heater thermally coupled to the crystal sub-assembly oven. An electrical wire electrically is coupled to the layer of electrically conductive material.

Abstract: Improved methods of providing acoustic source signals for seismic surveying, wherein a plurality of signals can be easily separated from one another after data acquisition, wherein the source signals are not sweep based.

Abstract: A Pockels cell driver circuit has a first circuit node that can be connected to a first terminal of a Pockels cell and a second circuit node that can be connected to a second terminal of the Pockels cell. The first circuit node is connected via a first switch to a positive potential and the second circuit node is connected via a second switch to a negative potential. The first circuit node is connected to the second circuit node via a short-circuit switch which is controlled for discharge of a linked Pockels cell.

Abstract: Disclosed is an offset feed satellite television antenna comprising a metamaterial panel (100) arranged behind a feed (1). The metamaterial panel (100) comprises a core layer (10) and a reflective panel (200) arranged on a lateral surface of the core layer (10). The core layer (10) comprises at least one core layer lamella (11). The core layer lamella (11) can be divided into multiple belt areas on the basis of refractive indexes. With a fixed point as a center, the refractive indexes on the multiple belt areas are identical at a same radius, while the refractive indexes on each belt area decrease gradually as the radius increases. For two adjacent belt areas, the minimum value of the refractive indexes of the inner belt area is less than the maximum value of the refractive indexes of the outer belt area. A connection between the center and the feed (1) is perpendicular to the core layer lamella (11), while the center does not overlap the center of the core layer lamella (11).

Abstract: The present invention provides a projection system (10), preferably for a head-up display e.g. on board a vehicle, comprising a laser source (1), a diffuser (3) and telecentric optics (2) disposed between the laser and the diffuser so that the telecentric optics outputs parallel rays to the diffuser, the diffused light being thus independent from the incidence angle; each pixel of the projected image has the same brightness, regardless of the angle or of the position from which it is viewed.

Abstract: An optical frequency conversion method and device are provided by which a component other than a desired harmonic component can be eliminated with high precision and an output lightwave with the desired frequency component can be easily extracted even if the frequency of a modulation signal is changed.

Abstract: A coherent optical transmitter circuit is disclosed in which controlled chirp is employed, enabling the suppression of nonlinear polarization scattering in dual polarization coherent systems, such as those which employ dual polarization-quadrature phase-shift keying (DP-QPSK). By separately chirping the modulated signals of each polarization tributary signal, the polarization state of the output DP-QPSK signal varies during a time period corresponding to a symbol bit period. Such controlled variations in the output DP-QPSK signal result in the mitigation of nonlinear effects associated with the network infrastructure over which the signal is transmitted, resulting in enhanced system performance. Enhanced system performance, for example, can be seen in greater reach and improved signal quality of the transmitted signal.

Abstract: A quantum interference device includes: gaseous alkali metal atoms; and a light source for causing a resonant light pair having different frequencies that keep a frequency difference equivalent to an energy difference between two ground states of the alkali metal atoms, the quantum interference device causing the alkali metal atoms and the resonant light pair to interact each other to cause an electromagnetically induced transparency phenomenon (EIT), wherein there are a plurality of the resonant light pairs, and center frequencies of the respective resonant light pairs are different from one another.

Abstract: Disclosed is a dual mode function pixel that operates either in a first mode or in a second mode according to the intensity of a projected light to have a high visibility regardless of the intensity of projected light. The dual mode function pixel includes: a first membrane on which a self-luminescent element is formed; one or more membranes formed to surround the first membrane; and a lower layer formed below the first membrane and the one or more membranes to be spaced apart from the first membrane and the one or more membranes. The dual mode function pixel is controlled such that the self-luminescent element is driven either to emit light in a first mode operation or to selectively reflect a projected light by utilizing an interference of light generated between the first to one or more membranes and the lower layer in a second mode operation.

Abstract: In an optical modulation device, a first drive signal and a first bias signal are applied to a phase modulation unit, a second drive signal and a second bias signal are applied to a phase modulation unit, and a third bias signal is applied to a ?/2 phase shift unit. A control unit adjusts the third bias signal in a first adjustment period, adjusts the first drive signal and the first bias signal in a second adjustment period next to the first adjustment period, and adjusts the second drive signal and the second bias signal in a third adjustment period next to the second adjustment period. The control unit starts the second adjustment period before a gap between the current value of an adjustment reference signal and a target value is filled, and starts the third adjustment period before a gap in the second adjustment period is filled.

Abstract: In a nest MZI modulator in which each arm includes a child MZI, the power consumption is reduced. The hybrid integrated-type nest MZI modulator of the embodiment 1a is configured so that, instead of placing a relative phase adjusting section in a parent MZI, a bias electrode Bias 90° in which an electric field is applied in the same direction to the polarization direction in both of the upper and lower arms is placed in each child MZI (see FIG. 4B). The bias electrode Bias 90° provided in each child MZI constitute the entirety of a relative phase adjusting section. The optical signals are subjected to a phase change after the output from the child MZI (see FIG. 1A), because such relative phase adjusting section can subject the optical signals of the upper and lower arms of the child MZI to a shift change in the same direction, respectively.

Abstract: Provided are a wavelength swept source apparatus and a method for controlling thereof. According to the provided apparatus and method, single mode light is generated, a basic optical comb is generated by modulating the generated single mode light, and a plurality of optical combs having different a frequency band from that of the basic optical comb is generated by modulating the plurality of light rays. The plurality of light rays and light rays included in the plurality of optical combs are sequentially emitted according to frequencies of the plurality of light rays and the light rays included in the plurality of optical combs. A value of a control variable is adjusted based on a characteristic of the generated single mode light, the plurality of light rays, the light rays included in the plurality of optical combs, and the emitted light rays.

Abstract: The design method for complex electromagnetic materials is expanded from form-invariant coordinate transformations of Maxwell's equations to finite embedded coordinate transformations. Embedded transformations allow the transfer of electromagnetic field manipulations from the transformation-optical medium to another medium, thereby allowing the design of structures that are not exclusively invisible. A topological criterion for the reflectionless design of complex media is also disclosed and is illustrated in conjunction with the topological criterion to design a parallel beam shifter and a beam splitter with unconventional electromagnetic behavior.

Abstract: One exemplary metamaterial is formed from a plurality of individual unit cells, at least a portion of which have a different permeability than others. The plurality of individual unit cells are arranged to provide a metamaterial having a gradient index along at least one axis. Such metamaterials can be used to form lenses, for example.

Abstract: A thermally stabilized, high speed, micrometer-scale silicon electro-optic modulator is provided. Methods for maintaining desired temperatures in electro-optic modulators are also provided. The methods can be used to maintain high quality modulation in the presence of thermal variations from the surroundings. Direct current injection into the thermally stabilized electro-optic modulator is used to maintain the modulation performance of the modulator. The direct injected current changes the local temperature of the thermally stabilized electro-optic modulator to maintain its operation over a wide temperature range.

Abstract: Provided is a wavelength tunable light source including a super luminescent diode (SLD) generating lights in a predetermined wavelength band, a voltage generating unit generating first and second voltages, a first filter receiving the first voltage from the voltage generating unit, receiving the lights from the SLD, and transmitting, as second lights, lights corresponding to wavelengths separated by a free spectral range (FSR) from each other among the received lights, a second filter receiving the second voltage from the voltage generating unit, receiving the second lights from the first filter, and transmitting, as a third light, a light corresponding to one wavelength among the separated wavelengths among the received second light, and a reflective mirror disposed at an output end of the second filter and reflects the third light transmitted from the second filter.

Abstract: A multi-layered coating system for reflecting infrared waves is disclosed. The multi-layered coating system comprises a layer one positioned above a substrate, wherein the layer one includes a plurality of well separated spherical particulates of radius a1 and a plurality of well separated spherical voids of radius b1>a1 that are randomly distributed, and a filler material of refractive index n1 intervening in the spaces between said spherical particulates and spherical voids; and subsequent layers expressible as the following word-equation, “a layer i positioned above the layer i?1, wherein the layer i includes a plurality of well separated spherical particulates of radius ai and a plurality of well separated spherical voids of radius bi>ai (where bi>bi?1) that are randomly distributed, and a filler material of refractive index ni intervening in the spaces between said spherical particulates and spherical voids,” where integer i is greater than one.

Abstract: Tunable photonic crystal color filters, and color image display devices including the same, include a first electrode, a second electrode facing the first electrode, a medium between the first electrode and the second electrode, nano particles distributed in the medium in a lattice structure and charged, and an ion spread preventing layer over a surface of at least one of the first electrode and the second electrode.

Abstract: Techniques and configurations are provided to generate multiple coherent optical subcarriers. A laser source generates as output a light beam at a carrier frequency. A multicarrier generator is provided that is coupled to the laser source and comprises one or more dual carrier generators each configured to modulate the light beam at the same modulation frequency or different modulation frequencies so as to output a plurality of light beams each at a different subcarrier frequency that is offset from the carrier frequency. The multicarrier generator generates the plurality of light beams on individual outputs, e.g., fibers, without the need for an optical demultiplexing filter.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for producing an arbitrary broadband waveform includes generating a first narrowband waveform and generating a frequency-shifted replica by frequency shifting the first narrowband waveform by a frequency shift. A second narrowband waveform is also generated. A broadband waveform is generated by combining the frequency-shifted replica and the second narrowband waveform.

Abstract: Photonic devices and techniques based on tunable single sideband (SSB) modulation in whispering gallery mode resonators formed of different poled electro-optic domains and to support whispering gallery modes circulating in the optical resonator to effectuate a single sideband (SSB) on only one side of the laser frequency without having a mirror image sideband on the other side of the laser frequency.

Abstract: A tunable photonic crystal color filter and a color image display apparatus including the same. A tunable photonic crystal color filter includes a first electrode, a second electrode on the first electrode, and a medium disposed between the first electrode and the second electrode. The medium includes charged nanoparticles having a lattice structure in the medium. The first electrode and the second electrode are formed of a material having a difference between an oxidative over-potential and a reductive over-potential.

Abstract: An optical spectrum generator is disclosed, which is based on generating conjugate optical frequencies via the use of two or more nonlinear interactions, where filters are used to select the conjugate output of the preceding nonlinear interaction as the input to the following nonlinear interaction. The cascaded nonlinear interaction is seeded with an incoming optical beam and pumped with multiple pump beams. The conjugate output of the last nonlinear interaction can be fed-back to the input of the first nonlinear interaction thus creating a recirculating path. An add-drop multiplexer is implemented for efficiently combining the pump beams with conjugate beams. The generated output frequencies are related to the difference in frequency between the pumps which can be changed as a function of time to create a time-varying output frequency. The magnitude of the variation in output frequency can be magnified by recirculating the signal through the system multiple times.

Abstract: The optical device includes a Fabry-Perot laser positioned on a base. A modulator is also positioned on the base so as to receive the output from the laser. The modulator is a Franz-Keldysh modulator that uses the Franz-Keldysh effect to modulate light signals. The laser and modulator are configured such that the modulator modulates the output from the laser and also such that the temperature dependence of the modulator tracks the temperature dependence of the laser.

Abstract: Systems and methods for mitigating multipath signals in a receiver are provided. In this regard, a representative system, among others, includes a radio frequency (RF) front-end and at least one analog-to-digital converter (ADC). The RF front-end receives FM signals and down-converts the received frequency signals to intermediate frequency (IF) signals. The analog-to-digital converter (ADC) receives the intermediate frequency signals and digitizes multiple FM channels around a desired FM channel associated with the down-converted signals. The system further includes multiple sets of digital processing components that are configured to simultaneously receive and process the digitized multiple channels. The multiple sets of digital processing components include at least two parallel channel selection and demodulation paths in which the respective digitized multiple channels are processed therethrough.

Abstract: An optical modulation system has a function to compensate an operating point drift, which occurs in an MZ optical modulator, by carrying out feedback control with use of a low frequency signal. A judgment section judges stability of feedback control. In a case where the feedback control is determined to be unstable, a low frequency signal generating section switches a frequency of the low frequency signal from a first frequency to a second frequency.

Abstract: In a wavelength selection element employed in an optically variable filter array apparatus, pixels in a line form are placed into a light reflection state so that wavelength-scanned light can be incident on the optically variable filter array apparatus. On the basis of the wavelength of scanned reflection light and the location of the pixel in a light reflection state at a timing of acquisition of output, the relationship between the x coordinate of the wavelength selection element and wavelength is determined. This makes it possible to achieve calibration of the optically variable filter array apparatus capable of selection of a desired wavelength with respect to a desired channel from multi-channel WDM light.

Abstract: An antenna and power amplifier element assembly may include an antenna assembly and a quasi-optic power amplifier. The quasi-optic power amplifier may include an output transistor coupled to the antenna assembly. A harmonic trap may be coupled to the quasi-optic power amplifier.

Abstract: Light from an optical fiber is incident on a frequency dispersion element. The frequency dispersion element disperses the incident light into light beams in different directions according to their frequencies and directs the dispersed light beams to a lens. The lens develops the incident light beams over an xy plane according to their frequencies in a strip-like form. A frequency selective element has pixels arranged in a frequency dispersion direction and brings pixels located at positions corresponding to the frequency to be selected into a reflective state. A light beam selected by the frequency selective element is emitted from an optical fiber through the same path. By changing reflection characteristics of the frequency selective element according to each pixel, optical filter characteristics can be desirably changed so as to achieve change of passband width and frequency shift.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a light modulating device, comprising a SLM and a pixelated optical element, in which a group of at least two adjacent pixels of the SLM in combination with a corresponding group of pixels in the pixelated optical element form a macropixel, the pixelated optical element being of a type such that its pixels comprise a fixed content, each macropixel being used to represent a numerical value which is manifested physically by the states of the pixels of the SLM and the content of the pixels of the pixelated optical element which form the macropixel.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for generating extreme ultraviolet (EUV) light is disclosed. The method may comprise non-thermally ablating a target material utilizing a first laser beam. The first laser beam may be configured for ejecting a portion of the target material in a non-thermal manner to create a plume. The method may further comprise irradiating the plume utilizing a second laser beam to produce a high-temperature plasma for EUV radiation.

Abstract: An electronic device includes a housing, an electronic display viewable from a front side of the electronic device, an optical shuttering layer substantially parallel to the front side, and a color changing layer positioned over at least a portion of the shuttering layer. A driver controls transitions of the shuttering layer between a transparent clear state and an opaque state and also transitions of the color changing layer between a transparent clear state and a colored state. Depending on driver control, the appearance of the electronic device can change from an opaque color (solid color or with graphic design elements), to a translucent color (solid color or with graphic design elements) possibly with an underlying electronic display somewhat visible, to a transparent color with an underlying electronic display clearly visible.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a temporal depolarization assembly. The depolarization assembly operates to produce light that, over some period of time, is depolarized. The depolarization assembly includes first and second variable retarders. The variable retarders are operated to produce a retardance that varies in time. In addition, the modulator axis of a first one of the variable retarders is held at an angle to the modulator axis of the second one of the variable retarders. The frequency at which the retardance of the variable retarders varies is selected to be some fraction of the integration time of a sensor associated with the polarization assembly.

Abstract: In a wavelength selection element employed in an optically variable filter array apparatus, pixels in a line form are placed into a light reflection state so that wavelength-scanned light can be incident on the optically variable filter array apparatus. On the basis of the wavelength of scanned reflection light and the location of the pixel in a light reflection state at a timing of acquisition of output, the relationship between the x coordinate of the wavelength selection element and wavelength is determined. This makes it possible to achieve calibration of the optically variable filter array apparatus capable of selection of a desired wavelength with respect to a desired channel from multi-channel WDM light.

Abstract: Light from an optical fiber is incident on a frequency dispersion element. The frequency dispersion element disperses the incident light into light beams in different directions according to their frequencies and directs the dispersed light beams to a lens. The lens develops the incident light beams over an xy plane according to their frequencies in a strip-like form. A frequency selective element has pixels arranged in a frequency dispersion direction and brings pixels located at positions corresponding to the frequency to be selected into a reflective state. A light beam selected by the frequency selective element is emitted from an optical fiber through the same path. By changing reflection characteristics of the frequency selective element according to each pixel, optical filter characteristics can be desirably changed so as to achieve change of passband width and frequency shift.

Abstract: Examples of apparatus and methods are provided for controlling a bias in an optical modulator. An exemplary apparatus may comprise an optical modulator operable to modulate an optical signal. The optical modulation apparatus may comprise a photodetector disposed to receive at least a portion of the modulated optical signal. The optical modulation apparatus may comprise a bias controller coupled to both the optical modulator and the photodetector. The bias controller may be configured to receive a dither signal and to produce a bias feedback signal for the optical modulator. The bias feedback signal may be based on a ratio between an odd order harmonic signal of the modulated optical signal and an even order harmonic signal of the modulated optical signal.

Abstract: A wavelength conversion device enabling the stable output of high-power harmonic light is disclosed. The wavelength conversion device includes MgO:LiNbO3 (PPMgLN) having a periodic polarization reversed structure, and the +Z and ?Z surfaces of the PPMgLN are covered with thin chrome (Cr) film. In the PPMgLN, the incident surface and output surface are disposed on the ?X side and +X side, respectively, in the longitudinal direction. Because of this structure, even when a high-power laser fundamental wave is incident, the PPMgLN can avoid destruction and damage due to the electric field, thereby enabling the stable output of high-power harmonic.

Abstract: One exemplary metamaterial is formed from a plurality of individual unit cells, at least a portion of which have a different permeability than others. The plurality of individual unit cells are arranged to provide a metamaterial having a gradient index along at least one axis. Such metamaterials can be used to form lenses, for example.

Abstract: There is provided an optical device including a plurality of polarizers that are arranged along a propagation direction of incident light, where the plurality of polarizers have transmission axes of substantially the same direction, a phaser that is provided between the plurality of polarizers, where the phaser has a retarded-phase axis forming a predetermined angle with the transmission axes of the plurality of polarizers, and a phase modulator that is provided adjacent to the phaser along the propagation direction, where the phase modulator has a retarded-phase axis of substantially the same direction as the retarded-phase axis of the phaser. Here, a phase difference generated in the incident light by the phase modulator is temporally adjusted such that the optical device transmits light in different wavelength ranges at different timings.

Abstract: A device comprising: two mutually immiscible conductive liquids arranged to form an interface therebetween; a plurality of nanoparticles localised at the said interface, the said nanoparticles each having a first region formed of a semiconductor having a first bandgap, the first region being surrounded by a second region having a second bandgap, the second bandgap being larger than the first bandgap; and means for applying an electric field to the said nanoparticles and thus, through the Stark effect, altering the optical absorption or emission characteristics of the nanoparticles.

Abstract: An optical spectrum generator is disclosed, which is based on generating conjugate optical frequencies via the use of two or more nonlinear interactions, where filters are used to select the conjugate output of the preceding nonlinear interaction as the input to the following nonlinear interaction. The cascaded nonlinear interaction is seeded with an incoming optical beam and pumped with multiple pump beams. The conjugate output of the last nonlinear interaction can be fed-back to the input of the first nonlinear interaction thus creating a recirculating path. An add-drop multiplexer is implemented for efficiently combining the pump beams with conjugate beams. The generated output frequencies are related to the difference in frequency between the pumps which can be changed as a function of time to create a time-varying output frequency. The magnitude of the variation in output frequency can be magnified by recirculating the signal through the system multiple times.

Abstract: A projection system that includes a singe light modulation device and a plurality of light sources of different wavelengths. Each wavelength of light is incident on the light modulation device at a spatially distinct location and a temporally distinct time. The use of a scanning mirror allows the projection system to sequentially form, in full-color, each of the columns or rows of an image. The projection system is characterized by the reduction of color separation or the rainbow effect due to the rendering of each column or row in full color.

Abstract: The refractive index of the at least one photonic structure having two separate photonic bands is modulated, so that light supplied to the at least one photonic structure and initially in one of the two photonic bands of the traveling along a forward direction in the at least one photonic structure is converted to light in a second one of the photonic bands, and light in the one photonic band traveling along a backward direction opposite to the forward direction in the at least one photonic structure is not converted and remains in the one photonic band, achieving non-reciprocity. An interferometer comprises a first and a second photonic structure coupled at two coupler regions. The first photonic structure has two separate photonic bands.

Abstract: A high frequency modulator is described. It comprises: a first converter for receiving a constant current signal and transmitting a first converted signal; an adder coupled the first converter and operative for transmitting a summed signal in response to receiving the first converted signal and selectively receiving a triangular signal; a first oscillator coupled to the adder for receiving the summed signal, the first oscillator operative for transmitting a time varying current signal; a second converter coupled to the first oscillator for receiving the time varying current signal and operative for transmitting a second converted signal; and an output device selectively coupled to the second converter and operative for transmitting an output signal in response to receiving either the second converted signal or an offset signal.