Abstract: An assembly includes a holder and a transparent component that transmits in the ultraviolet spectral region and is adhered by means of an adhesive. The adhesive is hardenable by UV light with a given spectral distribution. A layer is applied by thin film technology on the transparent component in the region of the adhesive and transmits UV light of the spectral region suitable for hardening the adhesive and to a high degree reflects and/or absorbs UV light within a useful spectral region within the spectral region transmitted by the transparent component.

Abstract: Phosphate or flurorophosphate glass surfaces are polished to smooth, highly accurate surfaces using a glass polishing liquid having a pH approximating the pH of the glass being polished. A highly polished glass surface results suitable for use optical filters and solid camera devices and solid image sensors. Phosphate and fluorophosphate glass filters and the like so formed have hair-like surface flaws, if any, of a width of 7 .mu.m or less.

Abstract: An achromatic lens system, in particular for uses in the deep ultraviolet range below 350 nm wavelength, and therefore especially for projection exposure systems for microlithography, combines quartz glass with lenses made of germanium dioxide glass (GeO.sub.2). The production of GeO.sub.2 glass by CVD on an amorphous base made of the same material is described.

Abstract: An optical member is provided for use in an image-focusing optical system for guiding light having a wavelength shorter than about 300 nm. The optical member includes a calcium fluoride crystal having a sodium concentration of less than about 0.2 ppm.

Abstract: A protective film of a polarizing plate is disclosed which is made of a resin film containing a UV absorbent and has a change in linear dimensions of -0.06 to 0.06%.

Abstract: A welder's eyeshield includes a helmet having a face portion with a lens window provided thereon, a liquid crystal assembly mounted on the lens window, an optical filter juxtaposed with the liquid crystal assembly on the lens window, the optical filter being made of a plastic material compounded with a dye material for attenuating infrared and ultraviolet light, and a control circuit electrically connected to the liquid crystal assembly for controlling light transmissivity of the liquid crystal assembly.

Abstract: A lens film is used in filtering visible, infrared, and ultraviolet light. The lens film has one or more metallized layers stacked together. Each metallized layer has a substrate with a metal coating covering one face of the substrate. One or more protecting layers are disposed over the stack of metallized layers to provide protection film. The lens film also has an ultraviolet absorbing material, such as an ultraviolet absorbing binder or substrate material. The lens film can be configured so that it meets the American National Standards Institute's shade standards for protection from harmful or intense light. The lens film can be mounted on a lens of an eye protection device. One method of mounting the lens is to provide an adhesive layer over a portion of the lens film and then binding the lens film to the lens with the adhesive layer.

Abstract: A photolithographic projection system for selectively irradiating a photosensitive layer on a wafer according to a predetermined pattern on a mask is discussed. The photolithographic projection system includes a radiation source which generates radiation such as light. A reflector reflects the radiation from the radiation source on a path which intersects the wafer. This reflector includes a radiation reflecting portion and a phase-shifting and partially reflecting portion adjacent the radiation reflecting portion. The reflecting portion may include a plurality of reflecting portions surrounded by the absorbing portion, or the reflecting portion may surround the absorbing portion. Alternately, the reflector may include a reflecting portion and an absorbing portion adjacent the reflecting portion. Related methods are also discussed.

Abstract: A solar control window film having high visible light transmission and low transmission of near infrared heat energy is comprised of a transparent substrate bearing a thin, optically transparent layer of metal, an optically transparent layer of near infrared energy absorbing material and a transparent layer of protective material overlying and protecting the near infrared energy absorbing material and the metal. The near infrared reflecting properties and the near infrared absorbing properties of the respective layers are balanced to provide selective solar heat rejection without excessive transfer of heat into the window glass or glazing material.

Abstract: An optical article comprising a flexible plastic substrate having an index of refraction ranging from 1.55 to 1.71 and having first and second surfaces and an anti-reflection coating carried by the first surface. The anti-reflection coating consists of a high index material and a low index material in which the high index material has an index of refraction of 2.0 and greater to provide the index of refraction difference between the substrate and the high index material of 0.29 to 0.75. The low index material is formed of a material having an index of refraction of 1.38 or less to provide an index of refraction difference between the high index material to the low index material ranging from approximately 0.59 to 0.92.

Abstract: A polarizing film or composite which can eliminate glare of the light reflected by an object and passing therethrough while maintaining the original color of the object. The polarizing film is color-adjusted so that the color coordinates L, a and b in the UCS color space, where L is the color brightness divided into 0 to 100 sections and in terms of tristimulus values X, Y and Z in the standard colorimetric system CIE, L=100Y.sup.1/2, a=175 (1.02X-Y) Y.sup.1/2, b=70 (Y-0.847Z) y.sup.1/2, will be 22.ltoreq.L.ltoreq.70, -2.0.ltoreq.a.ltoreq.2.0, -2.0.ltoreq.b.ltoreq.2.0, that the light transmittance in the wavelength range of 410-710 nm will be within +30% of its average, and that the light transmittance in the wavelength range of 410-750 nm will be not more than 2% when two of said polarizing films are put one upon the other so that their polarizing axes extend perpendicularly to each other.

Abstract: A front surfaced mirror having a reflective surface of Tantalum Aluminide for reflecting light beams, especially, but not limited to those having wavelengths in and near the infrared and ultraviolet bands.

Abstract: A glass article used for producing a coated, solar control glass for architectural windows. The coated article includes a glass substrate, a coating of a titanium oxide deposited on and adhering to the surface of the glass substrate, a coating of silicon dioxide deposited on and adhering to the surface of the coating of the titanium oxide, a second coating of titanium oxide deposited on and adhering to the surface of the coating of the silicon dioxide, and an outer coating of a conductive metal oxide deposited on and adhering to the surface of the second coating of the titanium oxide. A specific coating stack on the glass substrate provides a neutral colored article having a high visible light transmittance, a reduced solar energy transmittance, a low emittance, and a high total solar reflectance. The use of the article in architectural glazings results in a glazing that reflects solar energy in the summer and provides a low U value for the winter.

Abstract: This invention relates to methods and apparatus to control the light exposure of the skin. One objective is to increase the exposure during periods of common deficient exposure such as for dark skin persons on winter days in areas far from the equator. Another objective is to decrease the exposure during periods of common overexposure such as for light skin persons during spring and summer days in bright environments. A novel feature of the invention is the use of lamps for whole body irradiation while showering or bathing during dark seasons. The whole body exposure enables the use of very low irradiance levels to provide an enhanced probability of beneficial effects and to reduce the possibility of harmful effects of the ultraviolet light Another novel feature is the use of an adjustable ultraviolet light transmitting building window or automobile sunroof to increase the sunlight exposure on cold days when a deficiency in exposure due to closed windows is common.

Abstract: This invention relates to an electrically controllable solar building pane composed of two panels spaced apart by a layer of an intermediate gas, the panel facing towards the outside of the building being constituted of a variable transmission system of the electrochromic type comprising two transparent substrates composed, notably, of glass sheets, joined together by an ion-conducting organic polymer and coated on the jointing face with transparent electrically conducting films and films of anodic and cathodic electrochromic materials.

Abstract: UV absorbing, colored film-covered glass articles comprising covering, on a surface of a glass substrate, a UV absorbing, colored film which comprises, as main components expressed by wt %, 5.about.50 of silicon oxide, 5.about.70 of titanium oxide, 20.about.80 of cerium oxide, 5.about.30 of coloring fine particles of at least one member selected from the group consisting of gold, silver, platinum, palladium, cadmium sulfide and cadmium selenide, and 0.about.30 of at least one coloring metal oxide selected from the group consisting of cobalt oxide, chromium oxide, copper oxide, manganese oxide, nickel oxide and iron oxide.The UV absorbing, colored film-covered glass articles can be arbitrarily controlled with respect to the color tone, the UV transmittance, and the visible light transmittance.

Abstract: A color filter comprising a substrate having thereon a layered structure comprising from the substrate side in this order, a color filter layer, a smoothing layer, a protective layer having a high reflectance and low absorptivity of laser beam, and a transparent electrically conductive layer. Also claimed is a process for fabricating the same and a color liquid crystal display device using the same.

Abstract: A device for protecting an optical component from a laser beam. The device includes a carrier which is light-pervious in a predetermined spectral range and is positionable in an expected path of a laser beam directed to the optical component; and a metal oxide film applied to the carrier. The film is light-pervious in the same spectral range and is oriented such as to intercept a laser beam directed to the optical component.

Abstract: The invention relates to an infrared objective (IR objective) with a lens arrangement for the production of an infrared image on a detector element of infrared detector equipment. In this respect it may be a question of a focal plane array (FPA) within a Dewar vessel with an internal cold shield for substantially preventing access of thermal radiation from the surroundings (spurious light fractions). The internal cold shield is placed behind an external uncooled cold shield comprising several staggered external cold diaphragms.

Abstract: An antireflectance coating is disclosed comprising a first graded layer wherein the composition is varied throughout the thickness of the layer such that the refractive index of the graded layer varies from a low refractive index approximately matching the refractive index of the substrate at the interface of the graded layer and the substrate to a higher refractive index at the surface of the graded layer opposite the interface with the substrate, and a second substantially homogeneous layer of a composition selected to have a refractive index which is approximately the square root of the product of the higher refractive index of the graded layer and the refractive index of the incident medium at the surface of the second layer opposite the interface of the second layer with the graded layer, having an optical thickness of approximately at least one quarter of a selected design wavelength.

Abstract: A protective composite thin film coating structure is disclosed which provides ultraviolet (UV)-protection to polymer components used in low earth orbit (LEO) environments. The structure protects such components from physical and optical degradation due to exposure to ultraviolet radiation and oxygen, in particular atomic oxygen.

Abstract: A UV stabilized multi-layer structure which has an easily visible UV protective layer comprises a UV protective layer and an underlying polymeric layer. The polymeric layer is either a polyester or a polycarbonate. The UV protective layer, which is exposed to UV radiation and protects the polymeric layer, comprises a UV absorbing compound, an optical brightener present in an amount sufficient to cause visual illumination of the UV protective layer upon exposure to a light source and a polymeric base material of either a polyester, polycarbonate or acrylic. Upon exposure to a UV light or white light source the UV protective layer is visibly illuminated. A method of detecting the UV protective layer in the UV stabilized multi-layer structure is also provided.

Abstract: A glass article having a solar control coating is disclosed for use in producing heat reducing glass for architectural windows. The coated article includes a glass substrate, an iridescence-suppressing interlayer deposited on and adhering to the surface of the glass substrate. At least a first transparent coating deposited on and adhering to the surface of the iridescence-suppressing coating and at least a second transparent coating deposited on and adhering to the surface of the first transparent coating. The first transparent coating and the second transparent coating have a difference in refractive indices in the near infrared region greater than a difference in the refractive indices in the visible region. The use of the article in architectural glazing results in a glazing that rejects solar energy in the near infrared region while permitting the transmittance of a high degree of visible light.

Abstract: Columnar prisms 22 to 24, cross sections of which are parallelograms, are arranged symmetrically on both sides of a columnar prism 21 whose cross section is an isosceles right triangle. The prisms are bonded to their adjacent prisms at polarization separation films D1 to D3 which are dielectric multilayer films. A reflective films is applied on the outermost surface of the outside prism 24. The polarization separation films D1 and D3, which are located in odd-numbered order from the prism 21, transmit incident p-polarized light and reflect incident s-polarized light, the polarization separation film D2 located in even numbered order from the prism 21 transmits the incident s-polarized light and reflects the incident p-polarized light. In order to achieve uniform polarization at the emission surface of a polarization separation/conversion device 20, a 1/2 wave plate C2 is applied on to the emission surfaces of the prisms 22 and 23.

Abstract: A glass article used for producing a coated, solar control glass for architectural windows. The coated article includes a glass substrate, a coating of titanium dioxide deposited on and adhering to the surface of the glass substrate, a coating of silicon dioxide deposited on and adhering to the surface of the coating of the titanium dioxide, a second coating of titanium dioxide deposited on and adhering to the surface of the coating of the silicon dioxide, and an outer coating of conductive tin oxide deposited on and adhering to the surface of the coating of titanium dioxide. A specific coating stack on the glass substrate provides a neutral colored article having a high visible light transmittance, a reduced solar energy transmittance, a low emittance, and a high total solar reflectance. The use of the article in architectural glazings results in a glazing that reflects solar energy in the summer and provides a low U value for the winter.

Abstract: This invention is directed to the production of cuprous halide- or a cuprous-cadmium halide-containing glass articles which are essentially completely opaque to ultraviolet radiation and can be essentially completely opaque to radiation within the region of wavelengths of up to 550 nm, but are transparent to visible radiations having a wavelength longer than the radiation within the region of opacity. The method involves exposing the glass articles to a hydrogen gas-containing atmosphere at a temperature between about 375.degree.-500.degree. C. for a period of at least 18 hours to develop an integral reduced layer in at least one surface of the article having a depth effective to prevent the transmission of ultraviolet radiation and radiation having a wavelength up to 550 nm through the article.

Abstract: The present invention relates to electrically-conductive, absorbing, contrast-enhancing antireflection coatings having excellent optical properties characterized by, specifically, a large bandwidth ratio, i.e., a ratio indicative of the range of wavelengths for which the reflectance value is less than 0.6%, and a small brightness value for the visible wavelengths. It has been surprisingly discovered that a simple, two-layer substrate coating consisting of only a first thin layer of a transparent material having a low refractive index and a second very thin layer of an absorbing, electrically conductive, transition metal oxynitride material provides high performance, electrically conductive, contrast-enhancing antireflection coatings having small brightness values and large bandwidth ratios. The present invention provides antireflection coatings having brightness values less than or equal to about 0.22, and preferably less than or equal to about 0.15.

Abstract: Recent UV-lithography is required to provide a fine and sharp pattern with a line width of 0.5 .mu.m or less. The present invention provides a silica glass member adapted for use as an optical element for UV-lithography, by giving consideration to the RMS value of wave front aberration and the slant element of refractive index, which have not been considered in the art. Also, there is provided a silica glass member excellent in durability to the ultraviolet irradiation, by introduction of hydrogen molecules at the synthesis of the silica glass, instead of the using a secondary treatment for hydrogen introduction.

Abstract: A sunglass has a multilayer coating on its concave (rear) surface that comprises a absorbing layer and at least one composite layer for reducing transmittance of UV radiation. Reflection of visible light at the concave surface is minimized.

Abstract: Improved material and method for reflecting light in a photoinduction chamber is provided. The material comprises one or more layers of expanded polytetrafluoroethylene (ePTFE) membrane. Employing an ePTFE membrane as a reflective surfaces is demonstrated as providing excellent diffuse reflective properties, especially in the ultraviolet and visible ranges of light. Additionally, the material of the present invention has many other properties that make it particularly desirable for use in various photoinduction chamber applications, including inertness, flexibility, ease in shaping and installation, etc.

Abstract: A fluorescent yellow article comprising polycarbonate polymer, perylene imide dye Chromophthal Red 6961A and at least one yellow-green dye selected from the group consisting essentially of Lumogen F Yellow 083, CI Solvent Yellow 98, CI Solvent Yellow 160:1, Oraset Yellow 8GF, CI Solvent Green 4, CI Solvent Green 5, CI Pigment Yellow 101, Golden Yellow D304 and CI Solvent Yellow 131 wherein the resultant article has chromaticity coordinates (x,y) within the area defined by (0.425,0.480), (0.465,0.535), (0.557,0.440), and (0.500,0.410) in terms of the CIE 1931 Standard Colorimetric System and measured using 0/45 geometry and evaluated with CIE Standard Illuminant D65.

Abstract: This specification discloses antireflection film and an exposure apparatus using the same. The exposure apparatus has an optical system, and antireflection film formed on the refracting surface of the optical system, the antireflection film having a high refractive index layer having Al.sub.2 O.sub.3 or Ta.sub.2 O.sub.5 and a low refractive index layer having SiO.sub.2.

Abstract: This invention relates to an electrically controllable solar building pane composed of two panels spaced apart by a layer of an intermediate gas, the panel facing towards the outside of the building being constituted of a variable transmission system of the electrochromic type comprising two transparent substrates composed, notably, of glass sheets, joined together by an ion-conducting organic polymer and coated on the jointing face with transparent electrically conducting films and films of anodic and cathodic electrochromic materials.

Abstract: Optical device has a carrier substrate with a surface consisting of a plastic material with a predetermined index of refraction and with first mechanical and/or chemical characteristics. The surface is coated and the coating has second mechanical and/or chemical characteristics which are different from the first characteristics. The index of refraction of the coating is different from the predetermined index of refraction of the carrier substrate surface material, varying steplessly through at least a part of the coating, up to the end index of refraction and the surface of the coating.

Abstract: A nonlinear optical material includes nitride layers and non-nitride layers which are alternately deposited, wherein the non-nitride layers include at least one non-nitride selected from the group consisting of oxides, carbides and semiconductors and at least one type of semiconductor fine particles having a band gap smaller than a band gap of the nitride and the non-nitride, which particles are dispersed in the non-nitride layer.

Abstract: An ultraviolet protected, safety protected, reduced near-infrared radiation transmitting vehicular glazing assembly is disclosed incorporating spaced glass elements, an electrochromic medium therebetween, near-infrared-reflective means, and safety means for preventing injury upon impact to the assembly. The glazing assembly is useful as a vehicle window, a vehicle sunroof, a vehicle sun visor or a vehicle shade band.

Abstract: A mirror for reflecting a selected frequency of light includes a plurality of alternating quarter wavelength thick layers of two dielectric materials that are resistive to physical and chemical changes upon exposure to ultraviolet radiation coated upon a substrate. The materials have different refractive indices. The materials preferably are comprised of a mixture of alumina and tantala as the high refractive index layer and alumina as the low refractive index layer.

Abstract: An optical filter for absorption of electromagnetic radiation of wavelength 532.times.10.sup.-9 m with excellent photostability properties is provided by a polymeric host material such as polycarbonate incorporating the absorbing compound 5, 10, 15, 20 tetrakis (4-methoxyphenyl)-21H,23H porphine palladium (II).

Abstract: An extreme wide angle, very large aperture, very compact, solar blind, UV imaging lens system. The lens system has a fused silica polyvinyl alcohol glass color filter, a lens made of fused silica, a lens made of nickel sulfate, a layer of coupling fluid and another lens made of fused silica. Alternatively, sapphire can be used after the color filter instead of the fused silica. An alternative lens is composed of two layers of fused silica, a layer of nickel sulfate, another layer of fused silica, coupling fluid followed by polyvinyl alcohol, a color glass filter and coupling fluid followed by fused silica. In a fourth embodiment, the two layers of fused silica are followed by polyvinyl alcohol, a layer of colored glass filter, fused silica, nickel sulfate, coupling fluid, and fused silica.

Abstract: A UV sensor having a photodetector for measurement of UV radiation, an SiO.sub.2 -containing dispersive element disposed ahead of the photodetector in the direction of incident UV radiation and an optional housing having an entry opening for UV radiation. The dispersive element contains quartz glass with interiorly disposed boundary surfaces, the orientations of which are statistically homogeneously distributed.

Abstract: In order to reduce the number of thin-films necessary to construe an interference band-pass filter for exclusive transmission of light in the UVA range the filter edge towards smaller wavelengths in the spectral characteristic is realized by the absorption edge of the material of one of the thin-films of a thin-film interference filter which filter produces the band-pass filter edge directed towards higher wavelengths.

Abstract: A ultraviolet ray absorbent glass comprises a substrate glass, a ultraviolet ray absorbent film including as the major component at least one selected from the group consisting of zinc oxide, titanium oxide and cerium oxide, and an intermediate film having an intermediate refractive index which is between the refractive indices of the ultraviolet absorbent film and the substrate glass, the intermediate film being located between the ultraviolet absorbent film and the substrate glass, whereby iridescence by the ultraviolet ray absorbent film is reduced, and a heat reflecting function is imparted.

Abstract: A recessed conductive grid formed in the exterior surface of an infra-red transmitting window provides shielding against electromagnetic interference and/or low observability. The recessed conductive grid, with its top surface flush with the exterior surface of the IR-transmitting window, is more resistant to erosion by rain and sand than prior art structures, in which the grid is formed on top of the exterior surface.

Abstract: Light valve suspensions and light valve films are provided with a UV absorber.

Abstract: A coating for an optical component is formed to be antireflective for a selected wavelength and resistive to the transmission of ultraviolet radiation. The coating has first layer is formed of a dielectric material having a refractive index n.sub.1 coated onto the optical component. A second layer is formed of a dielectric layer having a refractive index n.sub.2 that is smaller than the refractive index n.sub.1 of the first layer. The second layer is formed of a material that transmits the selected wavelength while blocking ultraviolet light, thereby protecting the first layer and the optical component from damage due to exposure to ultraviolet radiation. The thicknesses of the layers is selected so that the coating is antireflective for the selected wavelength.

Abstract: A privacy screen for tanning. The screen has a top screen panel and four vertical lateral wall screen panels, combining to form a canopy lowered over and covering a portion of a sunbather's torso. The screen panels are made from a material impervious to light in the visible spectrum and permeable to UV-A light. The top and two lateral screen panels are stored on reels enclosed in respective housings. The remaining two lateral screen panels are fastened, as by hook and loop material, to vertical legs holding the top screen panel above and spaced apart from the sunbather. Legs are adjustable as to height of the privacy screen. The two lateral screen panel housings are integral with two of four legs, which hold the canopy in its assembled configuration. The two remaining legs have external surfaces bearing hook and loop material for assembly of the canopy.

Abstract: A multi-layer reflection mirror for soft X-ray to vacuum ultraviolet ray, comprises a substrate, a plurality of first layers, and a plurality of second layers formed on the substrate alternately with the first layers. The first layers primarily consists of at least one of single elements, such as ruthenium, or of a boride carbide, silicate, nitride oxide of a transition metal. The second layers primarily consists of at least one of compounds of carbon, silicon (e.g. carbide, nitride and oxide of silicon), boron (e.g. carbide, nitride and oxide of boron), beryllium (e.g. carbide, nitride and oxide of beryllium) and aluminum (e.g. carbide, nitride and oxide of aluminum).

Abstract: A UV-absorbing, polarizing glass article and method of making, the glass having an R.sub.2 O-B.sub.2 O.sub.3 -SiO.sub.2 base glass composition, a sharp spectral cut-off at about 400 nm, a precipitated crystal phase consisting of a halide selected from the group composed of cuprous, cadmium and mixed cuprous-cadmium halides, the crystallites in the crystal phase being elongated, and a portion of the crystallites near the surface of the article being at least partially reduced to colloidal copper, whereby the article exhibits permanent dichroic behavior.

Abstract: An apparatus for protecting the eyes of a dental or medical practitioner from exposure to ultraviolet radiation during the illumination of a surgical site or other area of interest includes first and second carrier lenses positioned within a suitable frame. The first carrier lens comprises first and second regions wherein the first region is adapted to transmit substantially all visible light incident thereon and wherein the second region is adapted to absorb or reflect all ultraviolet light incident thereon and at least some light incident thereon having a wavelength above 400 nm. At least a portion of the second carrier lens is also adapted to absorb or reflect both ultraviolet light and at a portion of light incident thereon having a wavelength above 400 nm.

Abstract: A transparent, ultraviolet-absorbing, fixed tint glass that is particularly useful in an ophthalmic lens and has a composition, expressed in weight percent on an oxide basis, consisting essentially of______________________________________ SiO.sub.2 65-75 Al.sub.2 O.sub.3 0-2 Na.sub.2 O 5-11 V.sub.2 O.sub.5 1.5-3.5 K.sub.2 O 5-13 MnO.sub.2 1-4 Na.sub.2 O + K.sub.2 O 14-20.