With Nonuniform Corrugation Width, Spacing, Or Depth Patents (Class 359/575)
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Patent number: 7195387Abstract: A device and method for emitting light with increased brightness utilizes a lamp having a diffractive grating pattern. The diffractive grating pattern diffracts incident light that originates from a light source toward a light output region of the lamp. The diffraction of the incident light causes more of the light to impinge the light output region of the lamp at desired angles. This reduces the angular distribution of the light emitted from the light output region as output light. The reduction in angular distribution of emitted light results in an increased brightness of the device.Type: GrantFiled: August 11, 2003Date of Patent: March 27, 2007Assignee: Avago Technologies ECBU IP (Singapore) Pte. Ltd.Inventors: Russell W. Gruhlke, Wong Lye Ye, Yaw Yean Chon
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Patent number: 7184214Abstract: In a diffraction grating element 10, between a first medium 11 and a fourth medium 14, a second medium 12 and a third medium 13 are disposed alternately to form a diffraction grating. The light, which enters the diffraction grating from the first medium 11, is diffracted at the diffraction grating portion and output to a fourth medium 14. Or, the light, which enters the diffraction grating from the fourth medium 14, is diffracted at the diffraction grating portion and output to the first medium 11. The index of refraction n1–n4 of each medium satisfies a relational expression of “n3<n1<n2, n3?n4?n2” or “n3?n1?n2, n3<n4<n2”.Type: GrantFiled: November 28, 2005Date of Patent: February 27, 2007Assignee: Sumitomo Electric Industries, Ltd.Inventors: Manabu Shiozaki, Masakazu Shigehara
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Patent number: 7184627Abstract: An optical wavelength grating coupler incorporating one or more distributed Bragg reflectors (DBR) or other reflective elements to enhance the coupling efficiency thereof. The grating coupler has a grating comprising a plurality of scattering elements adapted to scatter light along a portion of an optical path, and the one or more DBRs are positioned with respect to the grating such that light passing through the grating towards the substrate of the grating coupler is reflected back by DBRs toward the grating. The DBR comprises a multilayer stack of various materials and may be formed on the substrate of the grating coupler. The grating coupler may include a gas-filled cavity, where the cavity is formed by a conventional etching process and is used to reflect light toward the grating. The grating coupler may also incorporate an anti-reflection coating to reduce reflective loss on the surface of the grating.Type: GrantFiled: November 16, 2005Date of Patent: February 27, 2007Inventors: Lawrence C. Gunn, III, Thierry J. Pinguet, Maxime Jean Rattier
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Patent number: 7164534Abstract: An electromagnetic radiation diffuser, operative at extreme ultraviolet (EUV) wavelengths, is fabricated on a substrate. The diffuser comprises a randomized structure having a peak and valley profile over which a highly reflective coating is formed. The reflective coating substantially takes the form of the peak and valley profile beneath it. An absorptive grating can be fabricated over the reflective coating. The grating spaces will diffusely reflect electromagnetic radiation because of the profile of the randomized structure beneath. The absorptive grating will absorb the electromagnetic radiation. The grating thus becomes a specialized Ronchi ruling that may be used for wavefront evaluation and other optical diagnostics in extremely short wavelength reflective lithography systems, such as EUV lithography systems.Type: GrantFiled: July 19, 2005Date of Patent: January 16, 2007Assignee: ASML Holding N.V.Inventors: Walter H. Augustyn, Richard A. Gontin
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Patent number: 7149016Abstract: An optical element that can reduce Fresnel (surface) reflection on a lens surface to be a cause of flare or ghost, and a scanning optical system having the same are provided. A microstructure grating is provided on at least one optical surface of the optical element, and the microstructure grating consists of a structure having an antireflection action corresponding to an incidence angle of light beams.Type: GrantFiled: December 3, 2002Date of Patent: December 12, 2006Assignee: Canon Kabushiki KaishaInventor: Kazumi Kimura
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Patent number: 7149030Abstract: A diffractive optical element has a plurality of diffraction structures for a certain wavelength. These each have a width measured in the plane of the diffractive optical element and a height measured perpendicularly thereto. The widths and the heights of the diffraction structures vary over the area of the diffractive optical element. An optical arrangement comprising such a diffractive optical element has, in addition, a neutral filter. The efficiency of such a diffractive optical element and of such an arrangement can be optimized locally for usable light.Type: GrantFiled: November 11, 2004Date of Patent: December 12, 2006Assignee: Carl Zeiss SMT AGInventors: Bernd Kleemann, Hans-Jurgen Rostalski, Willi Ulrich
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Patent number: 7123415Abstract: The invention provides an optical instrument including means (1, 2) to produce an optical image to be viewed by an observer including a diffractive element (7) located at an intermediate focal or image plane (4) of the optical instrument and comprising a pattern of a plurality of areas effective to cause diffraction interference in light passing through the optical instrument and thereby produce an expanded exit pupil (6) comprising a combination of a multiplicity of exit pupils displaced relative to one another transverse to an optical axis (3) of said instrument.Type: GrantFiled: March 20, 2001Date of Patent: October 17, 2006Assignee: Vision Engineering LimitedInventor: Graham Mercer
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Patent number: 7116453Abstract: Method and apparatus are disclosed for optical packet decoding, waveform generation, and wavelength multiplexing/demultiplexing using a programmed holographic structure. A configurable programmed holographic structure is disclosed. A configurable programmed holographic structure may be dynamically re-configured through the application of control mechanisms which alter operative holographic structures.Type: GrantFiled: February 23, 2006Date of Patent: October 3, 2006Assignee: LightSmyth Technologies Inc.Inventor: Thomas W. Mossberg
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Patent number: 7110180Abstract: A diffraction grating with periodically arranged protrusions and grooves at a relatively narrow pitch and improved diffraction efficiency is disclosed. The protrusions of the grating are made of a material whose index of refraction is greater than that of the grooves, and the ratio of the width D of the protrusion to the pitch ? of the protrusion is set equal to or less than 0.4 (D/??0.4).Type: GrantFiled: October 7, 2003Date of Patent: September 19, 2006Assignee: Ricoh Company, Ltd.Inventors: Toshiyuki Kawasaki, Shigeru Oohchida, Tsuyoshi Suzudo, Koji Mori
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Patent number: 7019904Abstract: In a diffraction grating element 10, between a first medium 11 and a fourth medium 14, a second medium 12 and a third medium 13 are disposed alternately to form a diffraction grating. The light, which enters the diffraction grating from the first medium 11, is diffracted at the diffraction grating portion and output to a fourth medium 14. Or, the light, which enters the diffraction grating from the fourth medium 14, is diffracted at the diffraction grating portion and output to the first medium 11. The index of refraction n1–n4 of each medium satisfies a relational expression of “n3<n1<n2, n3?n4?n2” or “n3?n1?n2, n3<n4<n2”.Type: GrantFiled: January 27, 2004Date of Patent: March 28, 2006Assignee: Sumitomo Electric Industries, Ltd.Inventors: Manabu Shiozaki, Masakazu Shigehara
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Patent number: 7009743Abstract: Method and apparatus are disclosed for optical packet decoding, waveform generation and wavelength multiplexing/demultiplexing using a programmed holographic structure. A configurable programmed holographic structure is disclosed. A configurable programmed holographic structure may be dynamically re-configured through the application of control mechanisms which alter operative holographic structures.Type: GrantFiled: September 28, 2005Date of Patent: March 7, 2006Assignee: LightSmyth Technologies IncInventor: Thomas W. Mossberg
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Patent number: 7002747Abstract: An electromagnetic radiation diffuser, operative at extreme ultraviolet (EUV) wavelengths, is fabricated on a substrate. The diffuser comprises a randomized structure having a peak and valley profile over which a highly reflective coating is evaporated. The reflective coating substantially takes the form of the peak and valley profile beneath it. An absorptive grating is then fabricated over the reflective coating. The grating spaces will diffusely reflect electromagnetic radiation because of the profile of the randomized structure beneath. The absorptive grating will absorb the electromagnetic radiation. The grating thus becomes a specialized Ronchi ruling that may be used for wavefront evaluation and other optical diagnostics in extremely short wavelength reflective lithography systems, such as EUV lithography systems.Type: GrantFiled: October 21, 2003Date of Patent: February 21, 2006Assignee: ASML Holding N.V.Inventors: Walter H. Augustyn, Richard A Gontin
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Patent number: 6965464Abstract: Method and apparatus are disclosed for optical packet decoding, waveform generation and wavelength multiplexing/demultiplexing using a programmed holographic structure. A configurable programmed holographic structure is disclosed. A configurable programmed holographic structure may be dynamically re-configured through the application of control mechanisms which alter operative holographic structures.Type: GrantFiled: April 26, 2001Date of Patent: November 15, 2005Assignee: LightSmyth Technologies IncInventor: Thomas W. Mossberg
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Patent number: 6937397Abstract: Disclosed is a diffractive optical element which includes a plurality of diffraction gratings being made of materials having different dispersions and being formed in accumulation, wherein at least one of the diffraction gratings has a varying grating thickness.Type: GrantFiled: September 7, 2001Date of Patent: August 30, 2005Assignee: Canon Kabushiki KaishaInventors: Takeharu Okuno, Hideki Ogawa
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Patent number: 6926415Abstract: A metal die having a reverse pattern of a irregular surface in which a height of a convex increases from the center toward the outer periphery is pressed onto a surface of a molding resin on a substrate. A total volume of convexes protruding from a cutting plane and a total volume of concaves depressed below the cutting plane coincide with each other over all of the metal die as a whole, so that it is possible to form the irregular surface on a reflective plane with good precision. A reflective film such as an aluminum film is provided on a surface of an uneven layer formed in such a manner, thereby obtaining a reflective plate having high light-collecting performance in a direction toward the center. As a result, it is possible to provide a reflective plate capable of collecting reflected light in a specified direction and of being formed with good precision by embossing, a method of making same, and a reflective type liquid crystal display having the reflective plate.Type: GrantFiled: April 28, 2003Date of Patent: August 9, 2005Assignee: Omron CorporationInventors: Akihiro Funamoto, Shigeru Aoyama
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Patent number: 6927915Abstract: A diffractive optical element of the blazed-binary grating type is disclosed, with which a high diffraction efficiency can be achieved over substantially the entire used wavelength region. The diffractive optical element has a periodic structure taking a grating unit including a plurality of grating portions with different grating width and grating interval as one period. The diffraction element further includes a plurality of first grating portions made of a first material and a plurality of second grating portions made of a second material having a different refractive index than the first material that are arranged between the first grating portion.Type: GrantFiled: June 12, 2003Date of Patent: August 9, 2005Assignee: Canon Kabushiki KaishaInventor: Takehiko Nakai
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Patent number: 6906861Abstract: A light-diffractive binary grating structure has a microscopic mesa structure (2) whose plateaux (5) are separated by valleys (4) of substantially rectangular cross-section, wherein the arrangement of the valleys (4) is periodically repeated. Within a period (T) of the mesa structure (2) at least N valleys (4) separate the plateaux (5), N being an integer and greater than 2. The mesa structure (2) is an additive superimposition of N phase-shifted rectangular structures which have the same period (T) of the mesa structure (2). Each of the rectangular structures has a phase shift such that the plateaux (5) of the one rectangular structure fall into the valleys (4) of the N?1 other rectangular structures. In addition the resulting mesa structure (2) has only a single valley between two plateaux (5), which is of a width greater than a seventh of the period (T).Type: GrantFiled: November 2, 2001Date of Patent: June 14, 2005Assignee: OVD Kinegram AGInventors: Wayne Robert Tompkin, René Staub, Andreas Schilling
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Patent number: 6876792Abstract: The present invention relates to a precision phase mask for forming diffraction grating in optical fiber and optical waveguide, to provide them with nonlinear chirped grating for dispersion compensation use and having low fluctuation or crosstalk in the group delay characteristics. The diffraction grating is formed by means of interference fringe between diffracted lights of different orders, in which the cycle of the diffraction grating 20 increases nonlinearly, wherein plurality of diffraction gratings G1, G2, G3 . . . having different cycles are assembled on a plane in increasing order of the cycle with the directions of the diffraction gratings directed to the same direction, and assembled in such a manner that, where the cycle of grating changes nonlinearly and discontinuously, the regions having larger rate of change of the cycle contain proportionally more discontinuous phases per unit length.Type: GrantFiled: April 21, 2003Date of Patent: April 5, 2005Assignees: Dai Nippon Printing Co., Ltd., Nippon Telegraph and Telephone CorporationInventors: Masaaki Kurihara, Shigekazu Fujimoto, Tetsuro Komukai, Tetsuro Inui
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Patent number: 6873463Abstract: Disclosed is a diffractive optical element which is made of at least two materials of different dispersions and which includes at least two diffraction gratings being accumulated one upon another, wherein each diffraction grating is formed on a curved surface of a substrate, and wherein a diffraction grating, of the at least two diffraction gratings, in which a curvature radius of the curved surface and a curvature radius of a grating surface in a portion where a grating pitch is largest, have different signs, is one of the at least two diffraction gratings which has a smallest grating thickness.Type: GrantFiled: September 24, 2001Date of Patent: March 29, 2005Assignee: Canon Kabushiki KaishaInventor: Takehiko Nakai
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Patent number: 6839174Abstract: A relief type diffraction optical element including a substrate made of an optical material, said substrate having formed on its surface a non-even width relief pattern which include a first zone group consisting of at least one zone whose cross sectional configuration is formed by a curvilinear portion which follows a phase shift function or at least two rectilinear portions which approximates the phase shift function, and a second zone group consisting of a plurality of zones each having a single rectilinear portion approximating the phase shift function.Type: GrantFiled: March 2, 1998Date of Patent: January 4, 2005Assignee: Olympus CorporationInventors: Hisashi Ohde, Yasuhiro Kamihara
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Patent number: 6819460Abstract: Apparatus and methods are disclosed for spatially routing an optical pulse (data pulse) of an electromagnetic radiation and containing a specific address temporal profile and possibly additional data. Routing generally involves a unit of active material that is programmed using one or more input beams or pulses of the electromagnetic radiation providing address (i.e., waveform-discriminating) and directional (i.e., pulse routing) information to the active material. During programming, a spatial-spectral grating is created by optical interference on or in the active material of the input pulses encoding the address and directional information pertinent to the data pulse.Type: GrantFiled: September 19, 2000Date of Patent: November 16, 2004Assignees: University of Washington, University of OregonInventors: William R. Babbitt, Thomas W. Mossberg
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Patent number: 6816648Abstract: Integrated semiconductor waveguide gratings, methods of manufacture thereof and methods of apodizing thereof are described. A semiconductor waveguide grating includes a substrate, a cladding layer disposed on the substrate, a guide structure that includes a plurality of discrete transverse sections implanted with ions disposed between adjacent transverse sections substantially free of implanted ions.Type: GrantFiled: May 1, 2002Date of Patent: November 9, 2004Assignee: Intel CorporationInventor: Michael Goldstein
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Publication number: 20040218275Abstract: A pitch averaging Bragg grating includes a plurality of grating peaks spaced by different pitch values. By selecting the different pitch values to have an average pitch value equal to a target pitch value, the pitch averaging Bragg grating can be made to perform like a constant pitch Bragg grating having a fixed pitch at the target pitch value. The different pitch values can be multiples of the minimum placement resolution of a production tool to be used to produce the Bragg grating. The pitch averaging Bragg grating can be used in place of constant pitch Bragg gratings in optical devices and systems, such as DFB lasers, DBR lasers, optical spectral filters, multi-wavelength laser arrays, and WDM systems.Type: ApplicationFiled: April 30, 2003Publication date: November 4, 2004Applicant: TriQuint Semiconductor, Inc.Inventors: Andrew A. Ketterson, Jose L. Jimenez, Christopher T. Youtsey
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Publication number: 20040190142Abstract: A diffractive optical element has a plurality of diffraction structures for a certain wavelength. These each have a width measured in the plane of the diffractive optical element and a height measured perpendicularly thereto. The widths and the heights of the diffraction structures vary over the area of the diffractive optical element. An optical arrangement comprising such a diffractive optical element has, in addition, a neutral filter. The efficiency of such a diffractive optical element and of such an arrangement can be optimized locally for usable light.Type: ApplicationFiled: April 6, 2004Publication date: September 30, 2004Inventors: Bernd Kleemann, Hans-Jurgen Rostalski, Willi Ulrich
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Publication number: 20040145810Abstract: A filter synthesis technique for realizing an arbitrary (amplitude- and phase-specified) transfer function for narrow-band incident optical signals, using a quasi-periodic echelle structure. In an ordinary (periodic) diffraction grating, the fixed spacing of its rulings is chosen in order that the device exhibit a very narrow spectral peak at a particular center wavelength, for a given angle of incidence, when the output is observed at the appropriate diffraction angle. In accordance with the present invention, the basic periodic structure is spatially perturbed in both the center spacing and width of its rulings in such a manner as to spread the spectral peak into an arbitrary spectral shape in the vicinity of what was (in the original, unperturbed grating) a narrow peak. In addition, the phase transfer function over the spectral range of interest may be tailored to fit any desired spectral phase profile.Type: ApplicationFiled: November 28, 2003Publication date: July 29, 2004Inventor: Eliseo R. Ranalli
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Patent number: 6728036Abstract: A diffractive optical element has a plurality of diffraction structures for a certain wavelength. These each have a width measured in the plane of the diffractive optical element and a height measured perpendicularly thereto. The widths and the heights of the diffraction structures vary over the area of the diffractive optical element. An optical arrangement comprising such a diffractive optical element has, in addition, a neutral filter. The efficiency of such a diffractive optical element and of such an arrangement can be optimized locally for usable light.Type: GrantFiled: May 10, 2002Date of Patent: April 27, 2004Assignee: Carl Zeiss Semiconductor Manufacturing Technologies AGInventors: Bernd Kleemann, Hans-Jürgen Rostalski, Willi Ulrich
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Patent number: 6724534Abstract: Diffraction optical element used in a scanning optical apparatus as a scanning optical element has a diffraction grating formed on a substrate. The diffraction grating has a tilt portion for generating a power and a wall portion connecting one end portion of the tilt portion to the substrate. The wall portion is tilted within a predetermined range with respect to a normal of the substrate surface. The tilt angle of the wall portion of the diffraction grating with respect to the normal of the substrate continuously changes to increase as a distance away from an optical axis of the diffraction optical element becomes large.Type: GrantFiled: June 4, 2001Date of Patent: April 20, 2004Assignee: Canon Kabushiki KaishaInventor: Manabu Kato
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Patent number: 6692830Abstract: Diffractive pigment flakes include single layer or multiple layer flakes that have a diffractive structure formed on a surface thereof. The multiple layer flakes can have a symmetrical stacked coating structure on opposing sides of a reflective core layer, or can be formed with encapsulating coatings around the reflective core layer. The diffractive pigment flakes can be interspersed into liquid media such as paints or inks to produce diffractive compositions for subsequent application to a variety of objects. The diffractive pigment flakes can be formed with a variety of diffractive structures thereon to produce selected optical effects.Type: GrantFiled: July 31, 2001Date of Patent: February 17, 2004Assignee: Flex Products, Inc.Inventors: Alberto Argoitia, Richard A. Bradley, Jr.
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Patent number: 6671096Abstract: A diffractive optical element for white light is composed of a plurality of layers of optical materials and has a relief pattern constituting a diffraction grating formed at least at one cementing interface between the two different optical materials. The grating height of the relief pattern constituting the diffraction grating is defined by the following formula: h=&lgr;/|n−n′| where h represents the grating height of the relief pattern constituting the diffraction grating; &lgr; represents the wavelength (here it is assumed that &lgr;≦450 (nm)); n represents the refractive index of the optical material abutting the interface from the object side for light of the wavelength &lgr;; and n′ represents the refractive index of the optical material abutting the interface from the image side for light of the wavelength &lgr;.Type: GrantFiled: February 13, 2002Date of Patent: December 30, 2003Assignee: Minolta Co., Ltd.Inventor: Shigeto Ohmori
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Patent number: 6643065Abstract: A variable spacing diffraction grating is fabricated using micro-electromechanical (MEMS) technology. An array of interconnected beam elements is fabricated into a diffraction grating and mounted in such a manner that one or both ends of the array of beam elements may be actuated using a mechanical actuator. The beam elements may be linear, spiral shaped or arranged in a staircase structure. Applying a force to one or both ends of the array of beam elements changes the spacing of the grating, and presents a different ruling spacing distribution to incoming radiation, thus altering the diffracted angle among individual diffraction orders of the wavelength. Controlling the diffracted signal in this way allows for specific diffraction pass bands to be fixed on a particular detector or a particular area of a detector or optical relay lens or lenses.Type: GrantFiled: January 18, 2001Date of Patent: November 4, 2003Inventor: Donn Michael Silberman
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Patent number: 6643066Abstract: A tunable phase mask assembly for use in photoinducing an optical wavelength filter in an optical waveguide. The phase mask assembly includes a phase mask having a length extending between two opposite longitudinal ends. The phase mask has grating corrugations projecting from its surface and distributed with a periodicity along its length. The periodicity of the phase mask is tuned by reversibly changing its length between the two longitudinal ends, such as by compressing or stretching the mask. In this manner, the interference pattern of a light beam passing through the phase mask is also tuned, which allows to control the characteristics of a wavelength filter photoinduced using this phase mask assembly.Type: GrantFiled: December 13, 2001Date of Patent: November 4, 2003Assignee: Institut National d'OptiqueInventors: Jean-François Couillard, François Trépanier, Chiara Meneghini, Jocelyn Lauzon
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Patent number: 6624941Abstract: A diffraction optical element is configured such that a plurality of annular zones having minute steps extending in a direction of the optical axis therebetween are formed on a base element. The plurality of annular zones include narrow and wide zones respectively satisfying conditions (1) and (2): &Dgr;Z(i)<(1/2)·&Dgr;E(i) (1), and &Dgr;Z(i)>(3/2)·&Dgr;E(i) (2), wherein, i represents the order of the steps counted from the optical axis, &Dgr;E(i) represents an absolute value of an OPD provided by the i-th step, and &Dgr;Z(i) represents an absolute value of a difference between OPDs provided, with respect to a base curve, by an inner side end portion and outer side end portion of an annular zone between an i-th step and (i+1)-th step.Type: GrantFiled: June 12, 2002Date of Patent: September 23, 2003Assignee: Pentax CorporationInventors: Shuichi Takeuchi, Koichi Maruyama
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Patent number: 6624942Abstract: An objective lens for an optical pick-up has a refractive lens element provided with a diffraction lens structure on at least one surface thereof. The diffraction lens structure has a plurality of annular zones. The objective lens is capable of converging at least two beams having different wavelengths on at least two types of optical discs having different data recording densities, respectively. The objective lens is partitioned into a common area through which a beam with a low NA passes, and an exclusive high NA area which is designed to converge a beam with a high NA. The boundaries of the annular zones formed on the exclusive high NA area are designed independently from boundaries obtained from an optical path difference function so that the beam with the high NA is converged substantially on a certain point and the beam with the low NA is diffused.Type: GrantFiled: June 12, 2002Date of Patent: September 23, 2003Assignee: Pentax CorporationInventors: Koichi Maruyama, Shuichi Takeuchi
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Patent number: 6624943Abstract: A diffractive optical element includes a plurality of laminated diffraction grating surfaces. Each of the diffraction grating surfaces is formed to have a sufficiently small grating thickness as compared with a grating pitch thereof.Type: GrantFiled: July 5, 2001Date of Patent: September 23, 2003Assignee: Canon Kabushiki KaishaInventors: Takehiko Nakai, Michitaka Setani
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Patent number: 6606151Abstract: Methods and reticles for evaluating lenses are disclosed. In one instance, a reticle which permits light to pass therethrough is provided which includes a first surface with a grating profile formed thereon. The grating profile includes a plurality of grouped stepped portions. Each group of the stepped portions includes a first step which prevents light from propagating therethrough, a second step which propagates light therethrough and a third step which propagates light therethrough at an angle 60 degrees out of phase with the light propagated through the second step.Type: GrantFiled: July 27, 2001Date of Patent: August 12, 2003Assignees: Infineon Technologies AG, International Business Machines CorporationInventors: Gerhard Kunkel, Shahid Butt, Joseph Kirk
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Patent number: 6597763Abstract: A spectrometer arrangement is disclosed for the determination of a radiation wavelength of radiation emitted from a radiation source to be measured. The arrangement includes a diffraction grating on which the radiation of the radiation source to be measured is incident at a predetermined angle, wherein the diffraction grating is provided by a reflection grating having a variable lattice constant. The arrangement also includes a radiation detector for receiving from the radiation source to be measured radiation diffracted at a predetermined angle at the diffraction grating.Type: GrantFiled: August 21, 2001Date of Patent: July 22, 2003Assignee: Carl-Zeiss-StiftungInventors: Frank Höller, Martin Ross-Messemer, Alexander Menck
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Patent number: 6587272Abstract: A diffractive optical element is composed of a plurality of diffraction gratings which differ in dispersion from each other and are laminated while being spaced to enhance diffraction efficiency for a particular order (design order) throughout an entire usable wavelength region, wherein edges of at least part of corresponding grating portions of the plurality of diffraction gratings are shifted from each other in a direction of arrangement of grating portions of each diffraction grating.Type: GrantFiled: June 8, 1999Date of Patent: July 1, 2003Assignee: Canon Kabushiki KaishaInventor: Takehiko Nakai
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Publication number: 20030107793Abstract: In one aspect the system serves as a transmitter and comprises an optics system; a plurality of source elements positioned on the focal plane; and, a small angle beam steerer. The plurality of source elements are each capable of providing a point source of radiation to the optics system. The optics system provides a collimated output. The small angle beam steerer receives the collimated output and redirects the collimated output through a small angular deviation. The redirected output is thus transmitted in a desired direction without a need for mechanical gimbals and is capable of covering a large angular range with respect to the optical axis of the optics system. The system can also be implemented as a receiver.Type: ApplicationFiled: December 7, 2001Publication date: June 12, 2003Inventor: C. David Capps
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Patent number: 6560018Abstract: Binary optics are used in an illumination system for a color projection display. In one embodiment a broad spectrum light source illuminates a multilevel optical phase element which disperses the broad spectrum light from the light source by diffraction. A display having a number of pixel elements, each capable of transmitting a predetermined spectral region, is positioned within the near field region of the multilevel optical phase element so as to receive the light dispersed by the multilevel phase element.Type: GrantFiled: October 20, 1995Date of Patent: May 6, 2003Assignee: Massachusetts Institute of TechnologyInventor: Gary J. Swanson
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Patent number: 6545808Abstract: A phase mask (15) for modulating a collimated light beam passing therethrough, the light beam being diffracted to photoinduce a refractive index profile in a photosensitive optical medium, the phase mask (15) comprises a substrate (17) having an outer surface provided with a plurality of parallel grating corrugations (19). The grating corrugations (19) have a non-uniform relief depth across the outer surface for photoinducing a non-uniform refractive index profile in the photosensitive optical medium. The non-uniform relief depth is defined by a variable thin film layer (21) of variable thickness overlaying the substrate (17). The grating corrugations (19) can either be etched into the variable thin film layer (21) itself or be etched into the substrate (17), with the variable this film layer (21) being deposited on it after etching. Methods to make such phase masks are also provided.Type: GrantFiled: February 10, 2000Date of Patent: April 8, 2003Assignees: Institut National d'Optique, StockerYale Canada Inc.Inventors: Peter Ehbets, Michel Poirier, Zhihong Xu, Nadia Capolla
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Patent number: 6514674Abstract: The back surface of a BOE (binary optical element) having a binary optical structure formed thereon is coated with a resist film. Chromium is then deposited on the BOE by means of electron beam evaporation so as to form an island structure with an island size of about 50 nm and an island-to-island distance of about 80 nm. The BOE is then etched with an etchant to a depth of 55 nm using the island structure as a mask thereby forming a pillar-shaped microstructure. The island structure used as the mask is removed by means of wet etching using an etchant, and the resist film on the back surface of the BOE is removed using a resist remover. Thus, a microstructure is obtained which has antireflection capability allowing suppression of reflection to a level of 1% or less for a wavelength of 248 nm.Type: GrantFiled: March 8, 2000Date of Patent: February 4, 2003Assignee: Canon Kabushiki KaishaInventor: Yuichi Iwasaki
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Patent number: 6501601Abstract: An optical device includes a light-emitting element for irradiating light onto an information recording medium, a diffraction grating for splitting light emitted from said light-emitting element into a plurality of beams, a focussing member for focussing the plurality of beams onto the information recording medium, a deflection member for deflecting the plurality of beams after they have been reflected from the information recording medium; and a photodetector for receiving the plurality of beams after they have been deflected by the deflection member. The diffraction grating has a first grating region and a second grating region, which have different diffraction efficiencies. The zero-order diffraction light in the first grating region is used as the main beam for reproducing the information signal, and the +1-order or −1-order diffraction light in the second grating regions is used as sub-beams for reproduction of the tracking error signal.Type: GrantFiled: April 25, 2000Date of Patent: December 31, 2002Assignee: Matsushita Electric Industrial Co., Ltd.Inventors: Shoichi Takasuka, Shinichi Ijima, Hideyuki Nakanishi, Akio Yoshikawa, Naoki Nakanishi
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Publication number: 20020196547Abstract: A diffractive optical element has a plurality of diffraction structures for a certain wavelength. These each have a width measured in the plane of the diffractive optical element and a height measured perpendicularly thereto. The widths and the heights of the diffraction structures vary over the area of the diffractive optical element. An optical arrangement comprising such a diffractive optical element has, in addition, a neutral filter. The efficiency of such a diffractive optical element and of such an arrangement can be optimized locally for usable light.Type: ApplicationFiled: May 10, 2002Publication date: December 26, 2002Inventors: Bernd Kleemann, Hans-Jurgen Rostalski, Willi Ulrich
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Publication number: 20020181105Abstract: In the long period grating, a plurality of the first areas are discretely arranged in a predetermined range along the longitudinal direction of a silica-based optical fiber, which includes the core area, where GeO2 has been added, and the clad area surrounding this core area, wherein the refractive index at each position in the first area is modulated to be the refractive index that is the same as the refractive modulated with the first period all through the predetermined range.Type: ApplicationFiled: February 26, 2002Publication date: December 5, 2002Inventors: Michiko Takushima, Masakazu Shigehara
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Patent number: 6487019Abstract: A grating device with a substantially polarization-independent diffraction efficiency is disclosed. The grating device is preferably a surface grating that can be produced by ruling or holographically, and includes at least two different grating elements with the same grating period, but different modulation depths or blaze angles. The blaze angles and the illuminated areas of the respective grating elements can be selected to produce a substantially polarization-independent and optionally also wavelength-independent response of the grating device.Type: GrantFiled: March 23, 2001Date of Patent: November 26, 2002Assignee: Chromaplex, Inc.Inventor: John Hoose
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Patent number: 6487015Abstract: A diffraction grating for generating a plurality of beams includes a plurality of gratings. The plurality of gratings are formed to have an axis of symmetry perpendicular to the direction in which a beam is divided on a surface of diffraction grating and include at least two gratings having different fundamental cycles. The plurality of gratings are formed such that they have an axis of symmetry perpendicular to the direction in which a beam is divided on a surface of the diffraction grating, for generating a plurality of beams. The fundamental cycle increases as a function of the distance from the axis of symmetry, and therefore aberration in the periphery of scattering light may be reduced.Type: GrantFiled: September 28, 1999Date of Patent: November 26, 2002Assignee: Sharp Kabushiki KaishaInventors: Kazuya Kitamura, Yukio Kurata, Takeshi Yamaguchi, Tetsuo Ueyama
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Patent number: 6480334Abstract: Agile steering of a laser beam using a pair of complementary optical elements which are mechanically translated. The elements consist of pixelated steps of varying depth. Structure is provided to steer a laser beam by translating one element with respect to the other element by a distance that is an integer multiple of the step width.Type: GrantFiled: January 18, 1994Date of Patent: November 12, 2002Assignee: Massachusetts Institute of TechnologyInventor: Michael Wayne Farn
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Patent number: 6465077Abstract: A viewing device comprising a media having a lineal pattern of alternating transparent and non-transparent regions printed thereon, wherein the non-transparent regions comprise edges having an Edge Roughness greater than about 2 micrometers.Type: GrantFiled: January 25, 2000Date of Patent: October 15, 2002Assignee: 3M Innovative Properties CompanyInventors: Charles C. Lee, Terry L. Morris, Stephen R. Stone
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Patent number: 6466371Abstract: A diffractive lens constructed in accordance with the invention comprises a set of bands such that the diffractive gratings in each band are modified. This is done to ensure that even if the lens is tilted (e.g. to prevent light from reflecting off the lens and, introducing distortion into an optical system), the lens continues to focus light onto a small point on a target surface. (The target surface is typically an optical or magneto-optic data recording medium.Type: GrantFiled: January 27, 2000Date of Patent: October 15, 2002Assignee: Aerial Imaging CorporationInventors: Walter Daschner, Bernard Kress
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Patent number: 6441962Abstract: An optical filter has little variation in chromatic dispersion over its passband, the filter being constituted by a Bragg grating whose pitch varies as a function of distance along the filter with a change in the sense of its concavity. The filter also presents apodization, e.g. apodization by a super-Gaussian function or Blackman apodization. The filter of the invention is adapted to high data rate dense WDM transmission systems.Type: GrantFiled: October 13, 2000Date of Patent: August 27, 2002Assignee: AlcatelInventors: Fatima Bakhti, Pierre Sansonetti