Abstract: An optical security component may include a first layer, a diffractive structure etched on the first layer, a second reflective layer covering the diffractive structure. The diffractive structure includes a first pattern consisting of a set of facets arranged to form various subsets of facets, each subset of facets including a facet with symmetry of revolution arranged concentrically. In each group of the subsets of facets, the subsets of facets present, in point regions defined by identical polar coordinates, a local alteration of the surface, such as to produce a recognizable graphic object for a given tilt angle and azimuth angle. The polar coordinates vary from one group to another, so as to produce a dynamic visual effect observable in reflection by change of tilt and/or azimuth.

Abstract: The invention concerns a diffractive element, a method of producing a viewable image and an optical device. The element comprises a waveguide and a diffractive out-coupling region arranged on a surface or inside the waveguide, the out-coupling region comprising a plurality of sub-regions arranged laterally with respect to each other and being adapted to couple light propagating in the waveguide out of the waveguide. According to the invention, the sub-regions each comprise a doubly periodic grating pattern having a first period in a first direction and a second period in a second direction different from the first direction, and wherein there are at least two sub-regions having different grating patterns. The invention allows for combining out-coupling and exit pupil expansion on a single region of a waveguide.

Abstract: An optical anti-counterfeit element includes an undulating structure layer (2); the undulating structure layer includes a first area (A) with a first microstructure and a second area (B) with a second microstructure; a structural parameter of the second microstructure is greater than a structural parameter of the first microstructure; the undulating structure layer also includes a third area (C) with a third microstructure; a structural parameter of the third microstructure is greater than the structural parameter of the second microstructure; a first plating layer (3) is arranged on the first area; a second plating layer (5) is arranged on the second area; the third area is not provided with a first plating layer or a second plating layer; and viewed from one side of the optical anti-counterfeit element, the first area has an optical feature of a combination of the first microstructure and the first plating layer, the second area has an optical feature of a combination of the second microstructure and the se

Abstract: An electronic device may include a display with an optical combiner. The combiner may include a waveguide and a cross coupler on the waveguide. The combiner may redirect light from a display module to an eye box while passing world light to the eye box within a field of view. The cross coupler may include surface relief gratings or other broadband gratings. The combiner may include an angular filter that at least partially overlaps the cross coupler. The cross coupler may include surface relief grating structures or other broadband gratings. The angular filter may include angled absorbers or diffractive gratings. The angular filter may prevent world light that would otherwise produce distracting flares at the eye box (e.g., world light incident on the waveguide outside the field of view such as high-incident angle light from an overhead light source) from passing to the cross coupler.

Abstract: An embodiment lens structure body includes a microlens portion of double-sided asymmetric aspherical shape having a refraction surface on an illuminant side and a refraction surface on an emission side so as to be opposed to the refraction surface, and marker portions formed so as to be joined to both ends of the microlens portion in a direction perpendicular to an optical axis.

Abstract: A grating for a steering mirror of a LiDAR system is made without a metal coating. The grating comprising a plurality of ridges defined by a period. The period has a width that is equal to or less than a wavelength of a laser of the LiDAR system. The ridges can be made of crystalline silicon to form a high-contrast grating.

Abstract: A grating is provided on a mirror for specularly reflecting and diffracting a grazing-incidence beam of radiation and has a periodic structure with a grating period comprising first (ridge) and second (trench) substructures either side of a sidewall 806 facing the incident beam 800. The ridge is configured to specularly reflect the beam from the flat top 808 of the ridge into a specularly reflected beam 810 in a zeroth-order direction ??=?. The grating is configured with fixed or varying pitch to diffract the beam from the grating periods in one or more non-zero-diffraction-order direction ????. The shape of the trench may be is described by structural parameters top width and depth that define the aspect ratio of the trench. The shape is determined such that any rays (and optionally diffraction) of the beam that reflect once from the trench floor in the zeroth-order direction are obscured by the sidewall.

Abstract: An optical device for a head-mounted display device includes a first partial reflector and a second partial reflector positioned relative to the first partial reflector so that the second partial reflector receives first light transmitted through the first partial reflector and reflects at least a portion of the first light toward the first partial reflector as second light. At least a portion of the second light is reflected by the first partial reflector as third light, and at least a portion of the third light is transmitted through the second partial reflector. At least one of the first partial reflector or the second partial reflector includes a reflective holographic element.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is a tunable diffraction grating using surface acoustic waves. In some embodiments, the tunable diffraction grating includes a piezoelectric substrate including an interdigital transducer (IDT) region and a delay line region; a plurality of IDT electrodes positioned in the IDT region, wherein the IDT electrodes are each individually addressable such that the voltage applied to each of the electrodes is phase shifted, and wherein the IDT electrodes provide the phase shifted voltage to induce surface acoustic waves in the piezoelectric substrate in a pattern which produce a grating in the delay line region. Advantageously, tunable diffraction gratings have many applications including spectrometers for orbiters and rovers to Mars.

Abstract: Diffraction gratings provide optical elements in head-mounted display systems to, e.g., incouple light into or outcouple light out of a waveguide. These diffraction gratings may be configured to have reduced polarization sensitivity. Such gratings may, for example, incouple or outcouple light of different polarizations, or polarized and unpolarized light, with a similar level of efficiency. The diffraction gratings and waveguides may include a transmissive layer and a metal layer. The diffraction grating may comprise a blazed grating.

Abstract: A method of displaying an image to a viewer includes operating a fiber scanning projector to produce a scanned light beam incident on an incoupling diffractive optical element (DOE) coupled to a waveguide. A portion of the light beam is reflected via a reflective back surface of the incoupling DOE. The reflected portion of the scanned light beam is incident on a reflective optical element, which reflects the light beam back to the incoupling DOE. The returning light beam is then diffracted by the incoupling DOE to produce a second pass first diffracted light beam. The second pass first diffracted light beam is propagated within the planar waveguide via total internal reflection (TIR) to an outcoupling DOE, which directs a portion of the second pass first diffracted light beam toward an eye of a viewer to display the image to the user.

Abstract: Nanofiber membranes are described that include multiple layers of nanofiber structures, where each structure is a composite composition of multiwall carbon nanotubes and one or both of single wall and/or few walled carbon nanotubes. By selecting the relative proportions of multiwall and one or more of single/few wall carbon nanotubes in a nanofiber film, the membrane can be fabricated to withstand the heating that occurs during operation in an EUV lithography machine, while also having enough mechanical integrity to withstand pressure changes of between 1 atmosphere (atm) and 2 atm between operating cycles of an EUV lithography machine.

Abstract: Provided is a holographic waveguide including a waveguide element configured to guide light, and a diffractive optical element including an aberration correction hologram pattern, the diffractive optical element being provided adjacent to the waveguide element and configured to correct aberrations generated in the light traveling along the waveguide element by the waveguide element.

Abstract: A display apparatus and a display system are provided. The display apparatus includes: a narrow-spectrum light source configured to emit narrow-spectrum light in elliptical distribution; a reflection device including a reflection surface for reflecting the narrow-spectrum light to obtain to-be-modulated light; and a light modulation device configured to modulate the to-be-modulated light to obtain image light of an to-be-modulated image. The light modulation device includes a modulation surface configured to receive the to-be-modulated light, the modulating surface is at a preset angle to an optical axis of the to-be-modulated light such that the to-be-modulated light forms a circle light spot on the modulating surface.

Abstract: An optical device for augmented reality includes an optical means for transmitting at least part of visible light therethrough, a reflective unit disposed inside the optical means, and an image output unit configured to output image light corresponding to an image for augmented reality toward the inner surface of the optical means. The image light corresponding to the image for augmented reality output from the image output unit is reflected at least once from the inner surface of the optical means and transferred to the reflective unit. The reflective unit reflects the transferred image light toward the pupil of an eye of a user, thereby providing the image for augmented reality to the user.

Abstract: A line narrowing device includes first and second prisms disposed at positions different in a wavelength dispersion direction of any of the first and second prisms, a third prism disposed on the optical path of an optical beam and through which the beam width of the optical beam is enlarged and first and second parts of the optical beam are incident on the first and second prisms, respectively, a grating disposed across the optical path of the first part having passed through the first prism and the optical path of the second part having passed through the second prism, a first actuator configured to adjust the incident angle of the first part on the grating, a second actuator configured to adjust the incident angle of the second part on the grating, and a third actuator configured to adjust an energy ratio of the first and second parts.

Abstract: Several unique configurations for interferometric recording of volumetric phase diffractive elements with relatively high angle diffraction for use in waveguides are disclosed. Separate layer EPE and OPE structures produced by various methods may be integrated in side-by-side or overlaid constructs, and multiple such EPE and OPE structures may be combined or multiplexed to exhibit EPE/OPE functionality in a single, spatially-coincident layer. Multiplexed structures reduce the total number of layers of materials within a stack of eyepiece optics, each of which may be responsible for displaying a given focal depth range of a volumetric image.

Abstract: A laser architecture for selectively producing short high-energy laser pulses having octave-spanning, continuous tunability. Two oppositely chirped pulses are used in combination with a pair of tunable pulse stretcher/compressors to produce a short, high-energy, tunable, broadband pulse.

Abstract: A display apparatus includes an optical see-through display apparatus, and includes a light source that emits lights a combiner including a diffraction member that diffracts light incident from the light source and outputs the light, and a controller that controls light emission of the light source. The controller controls a light output of the light source on the basis of a wavelength of light outputted from the light source and diffraction efficiency of the combiner that is changed resulting from change in a wavelength of incident light.

Abstract: A terahertz wave lens concentrates or collimates a terahertz wave. The terahertz wave lens includes a substrate having a surface provided with an uneven structure that changes a phase of the terahertz wave. The uneven structure includes a plurality of pillars that are periodically arranged. The uneven structure includes a plurality of regions where the plurality of pillars are arranged. A height of the pillar in a thickness direction of the substrate and a width of the pillar differ for each of the regions. A distance (period) between centers of the pillars adjacent to each other is constant. Outer end portions of the uneven structure in the thickness direction are located on the same plane.

Abstract: An electronic device may include a display system for presenting images close to a user's eyes. The display system may include a display unit that directs light and an optical system that redirects the light from the display unit towards a user's eyes. The optical system may include an input coupler and an output coupler formed on a waveguide. The input coupler may redirect light from the display unit so that it propagates in the waveguide towards the output coupler. The output coupler may redirect the light from the input coupler so that it exits the waveguide towards the user's eyes. A light-redirecting element may be used to redirect edge light that would otherwise be outside of the user's field of view towards the user's eyes.

Abstract: A method of fabricating a metasurface comprises coating a photoresist film onto a substrate and loading the coated substrate into a laser interference lithography setup, exposing the photoresist film via a laser with a first interference pattern, the first interference pattern having a first period and a first exposure energy, subsequently exposing the coated substrate with a second interference pattern, the second interference pattern having a second period and a second exposure energy, developing the exposed portions of the photoresist film to form a periodic pattern in the photoresist, and transferring the periodic pattern into the substrate, the substrate supporting an appropriate film system that embodies the final metasurface device.

Abstract: The present disclosure provides a diffraction light guide plate, including a light guide unit, an input diffraction optical device configured to receive light from a light source and diffract the received light, an intermediate diffraction optical device configured to receive the diffracted light from the input diffraction optical device and extend the received light one-dimensionally by diffraction, and an output diffraction optical device configured to receive the extended light from the intermediate diffraction optical device and output the received light from the light guide unit by diffraction. The intermediate diffraction optical device and the output diffraction optical device are separately disposed in regions divided horizontally on the light guide unit, and the intermediate diffraction optical device includes a main intermediate diffraction optical device and an auxiliary intermediate diffraction optical device, which are disposed separate apart from each other vertically on the light guide unit.

Abstract: An eyepiece waveguide for an augmented reality display system may include an optically transmissive substrate, an input coupling grating (ICG) region, a multi-directional pupil expander (MPE) region, and an exit pupil expander (EPE) region. The ICG region may receive an input beam of light and couple the input beam into the substrate as a guided beam. The MPE region may include a plurality of diffractive features which exhibit periodicity along at least a first axis of periodicity and a second axis of periodicity. The MPE region may be positioned to receive the guided beam from the ICG region and to diffract it in a plurality of directions to create a plurality of diffracted beams. The EPE region may overlap the MPE region and may out couple one or more of the diffracted beams from the optically transmissive substrate as output beams.

Abstract: A diffractive optical device includes at least one diffractive optical element. The diffractive optical element generates light having a first order and light having a second order from a laser beam input to the diffractive optical element. The diffractive optical element includes a first phase pattern and a second phase pattern. The first phase pattern converts the laser beam into a line beam. The second phase pattern diffracts the laser beam in a short axis direction of the line beam to generate the light having the first order and the light having the second order. A first focal plane of the light having the first order is located at a position different from a second focal plane of the light having the second order on an optical axis of the laser beam.

Abstract: A structured light projector is disclosed, which includes a first light source, a second light source, an optical refractive element and an optical shaper. The first light source and the second light source are configured to respectively emit first incoherent light and second incoherent light. The optical refractive element is arranged over the first and second light sources for refracting the first incoherent light and the second incoherent light. The optical shaper element is arranged over the optical refractive element for shaping the first incoherent light to generate first structured light with plural first optical patterns and shaping the second incoherent light to generate second structured light with plural second optical patterns, in which the first structured light and the second structured light are overlapped onto a region of space.

Abstract: Method of exposing a substrate by a patterned radiation beam, comprising: —providing a radiation beam; —imparting the radiation beam by an array of individually controllable elements; —generating, from the radiation beam, a patterned radiation beam, by tilting the individually controllable elements between different positions about a tilting axis; —projecting the patterned radiation beam towards a substrate; —scanning a substrate across the patterned radiation beam in a scanning direction so as to expose the substrate to the patterned radiation beam, whereby the tilting axis of the individually controllable elements is substantially perpendicular to the scanning direction.

Abstract: An electronic device includes a display panel, a first optical part, and a second optical part including a diffraction optical element having a diffraction grating. The display panel include a first display area for displaying a first image having a first color, a second display area disposed adjacent to the first display area to display a second image having a second color different from the first color, and a third display area disposed adjacent to the second display area to display a third image having a third color different from the first color and the second color.

Abstract: Disclosed is a method for associating a marking with an object, including the following steps: —identifying the position of at least two different elements of the marking in relation to the marking and/or the object; and—measuring a relative distance between at least two identified elements; then—recording in a database the position of at least two identified elements, and the relative distance between the identified elements so that the position of two identified elements is correlated with the measurement relating to their distance.

Abstract: A display apparatus including a volume grating-based combiner is disclosed. The display apparatus includes: an image providing device; and a combiner, wherein the combiner includes a plurality of volume gratings configured to diffract light containing an image, which is emitted from the image providing device, each volume grating has a first surface and a second surface facing each other, and each volume grating is further configured to diffract light incident on the first surface and transmit therethrough light incident on the second surface without diffraction.

Abstract: In some embodiments, a head-mounted, near-eye display system comprises a stack of waveguides having integral spacers separating the waveguides. The waveguides may each include diffractive optical elements that are formed simultaneously with the spacers by imprinting. The spacers are disposed on one major surface of each of the waveguides and indentations are provided on an opposite major surface of each of the waveguides. The indentations are sized and positioned to align with the spacers, thereby forming a self-aligned stack of waveguides. Tops of the spacers may be provided with light scattering features, anti-reflective coatings, and/or light absorbing adhesive to prevent light leakage between the waveguides. As seen in a top-down view, the spacers may be elongated along the same axis as the diffractive optical elements. The waveguides may include structures (e.g.

Abstract: A cascaded focusing and compressing postcompression system includes at least one CASCADE (cascaded focusing and compressing) module. The CASCADE module includes a focusing unit and a compressing unit. The focusing unit is for nonlinear broadening a bandwidth of the light pulses. The compressing unit is for shortening a pulse duration of the light pulses.

Abstract: A VCSEL array may include a semiconductor substrate and a plurality of emitters on the substrate that conforms to an emitter pattern. The emitter pattern may be oriented at a non-zero angle to an edge of the substrate and may comprise two or more unit cells arranged to form the emitter pattern. Each unit cell, of the two or more unit cells, may include a same number of emitters, and the two or more unit cells may be arranged to cause a measurement of misalignment associated with two adjacent unit cells, of the two or more unit cells, to satisfy a misalignment threshold.

Abstract: Aspects relate to a compact material analyzer including a light source, a detector, and a module including a first optical window on a first side of the module, a second optical window on a second side of the module opposite the first side, and a light modulator. The light source produces input light at a high power that is passed through the first optical window to the light modulator. The light modulator is configured to attenuate the input light, produce modulated light based on the input light, and direct the modulated light through the second optical window to the sample. The modulated light produced by the light modulator is at a lower power safe for the sample. The detector is configured to receive output light from the sample produced from interaction with the modulated light through the second optical window and to detect a spectrum of the output light.

Abstract: In one aspect, an optical device comprises a plurality of waveguides formed over one another and having formed thereon respective diffraction gratings, wherein the respective diffraction gratings are configured to diffract visible light incident thereon into respective waveguides, such that visible light diffracted into the respective waveguides propagates therewithin. The respective diffraction gratings are configured to diffract the visible light into the respective waveguides within respective field of views (FOVs) with respect to layer normal directions of the respective waveguides. The respective FOVs are such that the plurality of waveguides are configured to diffract the visible light within a combined FOV that is continuous and greater than each of the respective FOVs.

Abstract: The invention provides a method for designing a diffractive optical element, characterized in comprising: S101: obtaining a first optical field pattern on a target plane; S102: converting the first optical field pattern on the target plane into a second optical field pattern on a spherical surface; S103: compensating for missing points of the second optical field pattern on the spherical surface, and matching grayscale values, so as to obtain a corrected third optical field pattern; and S104: obtaining a phase distribution of the diffractive optical element according to the third optical field pattern. By means of the design method, the projection quality of a diffractive optical element is improved.

Abstract: A portable electronic device may include a housing, a display at least partially within the housing, a front cover coupled to the housing and positioned over the display, and a biometric sensor module configured to illuminate an object and capture an image of the object through the front cover. The biometric sensor module may include a first lens positioned below the front cover, a first light source positioned below the first lens and configured to project, through the first lens, a dot pattern on the object, a second light source positioned below the first lens and configured to illuminate, through the first lens, the object with a flood of light, a second lens positioned below the front cover, and a light sensor positioned below the second lens and configured to capture an image of the object.

Abstract: A waveguide assembly is provided. The waveguide assembly includes a pair of pupil-replicating waveguides. The first pupil-replicating waveguide is configured for receiving an input beam of image light and providing an intermediate beam comprising multiple offset portions of the input beam. The second pupil-replicating waveguide is configured for receiving the intermediate beam from the first pupil-replicating waveguide and providing an output beam comprising multiple offset portions of the intermediate beam. The input beam may be expanded by the waveguide assembly in such a manner that pupil gaps are reduced or eliminated.

Abstract: A method of determining a desired relative position between a first object of a lithographic apparatus and a second object of the lithographic apparatus. Generating a measurement signal representing a position of the first object relative to the second object, at an initial relative position. Determining a gradient associated with the initial relative position, based on the measurement signal. Determining a position set point based on the gradient and wherein the position set point comprises a three-dimensional dither signal. Controlling the position of the first object relative to the second object to a further relative position, based on the position set point.

Abstract: An optical reflective device for pupil equalization including at least one or more grating structures within a grating medium is disclosed. The grating structures may have reflective axes that need not be constrained to surface normal. The grating structures are configured to reflect light about substantially constant reflective axes across a relatively wide range of wavelengths. The optical reflective device may reflect light towards a specific location, such as an exit pupil or eye box. Each grating structure within the device may be configured to reflect light of a particular wavelength at a plurality of incidence angles.

Abstract: A structured light system may include a semiconductor laser to emit light and a diffractive optical element to diffract the light such that one or more diffracted orders of the light, associated with forming a structured light pattern, are transmitted by the diffractive optical element. The diffractive optical element may be arranged such that the light is to be incident on the diffractive optical element at a substantially non-normal angle of incidence. The substantially non-normal angle of incidence may be designed to cause the diffractive optical element to transmit a zero-order beam of the light outside of a field of view associated with the diffractive optical element.

Abstract: A metallic grating is formed to include a substrate; a plurality of high aspect ratio trenches disposed in the substrate such that the high aspect ratio trenches are spaced apart from one another by a field surface of the substrate; a metallic superconformal filling formed and disposed in the high aspect ratio trenches; and a grating including a spatial arrangement of the high aspect ratio trenches that are filled with the metallic superconformal filling such that the metallic superconformal filling is void-free, and the high aspect ratio trenches are bottom-up filled with the metallic superconformal filling, wherein a height of the metallic superconformal filling is less than or equal to the height of the high aspect ratio trenches.

Abstract: A waveguide display includes a waveguide and a staircase structure coupled to the waveguide. The waveguide includes a first substrate, a second substrate, and a holographic material layer between the first substrate and the second substrate. The holographic material layer includes a first grating and a second grating. The staircase structure is positioned on top of at least a portion of the first grating but not on top of the second grating. The staircase structure includes an input grating that is on top of the first grating and is configured to couple display light into the waveguide. The first grating is configured to redirect the display light coupled into the waveguide by the input grating towards the second grating.

Abstract: A privacy display provides a private image exclusively visible within a viewing cone of a viewbox. The privacy display includes a light guide to guide light, a diffraction grating configured to diffractively couple out a portion of the guided light as diffractively coupled-out light and to direct the diffractively coupled-out light into the viewbox, and a light valve array configured to modulate the diffractively coupled-out light to provide the private image. An extent of the viewbox is determined by a collimation factor of the guided light. A dual-mode privacy display system further includes a broad-angle backlight configured to provide broad-angle light to separately provide a public image visible both inside and outside the viewing cone. The private image may be provided in a privacy mode and the public image may be provided in a public mode of the dual-mode privacy display system.

Abstract: In various embodiments, laser devices include a thermal bonding layer featuring an array of carbon nanotubes and at least one metallic thermal bonding material.

Abstract: There are provided an excellent diffractive optical element having a small amount of flare coloring and unaffected optical performance with a decrease in diffraction efficiency minimized and an optical system and an optical apparatus using the diffractive optical element. A diffractive optical element GD used in an optical system OL of a camera 1, which is an optical apparatus, and including a diffraction grating so that the diffractive optical element GD serves as a lens is so configured that the grating height h0 of the diffraction grating in a central region Ac around an optical axis Z is smaller than the grating height hmax of the diffraction grating in a peripheral region Ap.

Abstract: To provide a diffractive optical element having a high light utilization efficiency, whereby light spots having a predetermined pattern can be stably formed, a projection device and a measuring device.

Abstract: A waveguide comprises a first surface and a second surface. The first surface comprises a first plurality of grating structures. The waveguide is configured to guide an in-coupled light beam to undergo total internal reflection between the first surface and the second surface. The first grating structures are configured to disrupt the total internal reflection to cause at least a portion of the in-coupled light beam to couple out of the waveguide and project from the first surface, the portion of the in-coupled light beam coupled out of the waveguide forming out-coupled light beams, the out-coupled light beams being configured to form an array of dots on a surface where the out-coupled light beams are projected on.

Abstract: A device includes a plurality of imaging pixels in a spatial pattern with a formation of features disposed over the pixels. A first and a second feature of the formation of features are disposed over a first pixel. A first luminophore is disposed within or over the first feature. A second luminophore is disposed within or over the second feature. A structured illumination source is to direct at least a portion of first photons in an illumination pattern to the first feature at a first time, and to direct at least a portion of second photons in the illumination pattern to the second feature at a second time. The structured illumination source includes an illumination pattern generator having an illumination pattern generator actuator connected to the illumination pattern generator to cause the illumination pattern to translate or rotate relative to the formation of features.

Abstract: Systems integrating display resolution-multiplication solutions can be implemented in a variety of different ways. In many embodiments, the system includes an image projector for projecting image light, an image processor for computing a native image and at least one image shifted in a predefined direction, and at least one switchable grating capable of being switched between diffracting and non-diffracting states. In some embodiments, the switchable grating is optically coupled to the image projector. In a number of embodiments, the switchable gratings have a first configuration for propagating the native image light and at least one other configuration for propagating shifted image light having an angular displacement corresponding to the image shift in a predefined direction. By displaying the native and shifted images sequentially within a human eye integration period, the display resolution can be multiplied.