Abstract: There is provided a near-to-eye display device, including: a pixel island array, a micro-lens array and a filter layer. The pixel island array and the micro-lens array are fixed with respect to and spaced apart from each other, and the micro-lens array includes plural micro-lenses. The pixel island array includes plural pixel islands in one-to-one correspondence with the plural micro-lenses, and each pixel island emits light to the corresponding micro-lens such that the light reach a predetermined viewing position after passing through the corresponding micro-lens. The plural pixel islands emit light of plural colors, and the filter layer includes plural filter portions in one-to-one correspondence with the plural pixel islands. Each filter portion is located between the corresponding pixel island and the corresponding micro-lens, and is close to the corresponding micro-lens. Each filter portion and light emitted by the corresponding pixel island have a same color.

Abstract: A display module, a display screen and a display system are disclosed. The display module comprises a frame and multiple display unit boards assembled and installed on the frame to form a display surface. The frame comprises a border and a support frame installed in the border. Each display unit board comprises a circuit board and multiple pixel points installed on a front side of the circuit board, wherein a back side of the circuit board is installed on the border and the support frame, and each pixel point includes at least one LED chip. According to the display module of the invention, multiple display unit boards are assembled on the frame to form a display surface.

Abstract: A method and an apparatus for providing a matte affect while enhancing an output of a display that comprises multiple display pixels, the apparatus may include a first array of microlenses that is configured to scatter ambient light; a second array of microlenses; wherein first array of microlenses is parallel to the second array of microlenses; wherein microlenses of the first array of microlenses and the microlenses of the second array have a dimension of tens of microns; and wherein the first array of microlenses and the second array of microlenses are shaped and positioned to pass through the image from the display, when the apparatus is attached to the display.

Abstract: The present disclosure provides systems and methods for preventing or minimizing optical crosstalk in an optical circuit switch (“OCS”). The OCS may include a collimator lens assembly. The collimator lens assembly may include a lens array defined by a plurality of ports. Each port may include a lenslet and a spacer paired with each lenslet. Crosstalk may occur when light from other ports enter the target port's optical fiber. The collimator lens assembly may include an insert positioned relative to the lenslet. The insert may define an aperture that allows light from the target port to pass through. The insert may prevent a portion of light from adjacent ports from passing through the aperture. The insert may be located between the lenslet and spacer, on the curved surface of the lenslet, or on a plate located at a distance from the front of the lenslet.

Abstract: A light field projector device is described which outputs a light field. The projector has a projector base with a projection optical system configured to output light rays to form a projected image, a collimating optical system configured for collimation of the projected image light rays to form a second projected image, which is directed to a display optical system to produce a light field image. Light field projector devices may be used individually or in combination with one or more other projectors which can be arranged to form a direct projection light field display. The arrangement of light field projector devices may have an individual or shared display optical system. The projector device is designed to provide high pixel density, providing an image that looks crisp and unpixellated.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a multichannel imaging device and more specifically to a multichannel device wherein each optical channel has at least an optical low-pass angular filter configured to block any light propagating through the optical channel along a direction of propagation having an angle which is greater than a predefined angle ?L relative to the optical axis, the low-pass angular filter comprising at least one planar interface, separating a first material having a first refractive index n1 and a second material having a second refractive index n2, the ratio of the second refractive index over the first refractive index being lower than 1, preferably lower than 0.66.

Abstract: An image capturing apparatus includes an image capturing device that has a plurality of photoelectric converting elements, and a light restricting portion that has a plurality of light inlets and a plurality of light outlets provided to each of the plurality of photoelectric converting elements, that emits, to each of the plurality of photoelectric converting elements, light that can reach each of the plurality of light inlets among light incident on each of the plurality of light outlets and that restricts light that cannot reach each of the plurality of light outlets among the light incident on the light inlets from being emitted to each of the plurality of photoelectric converting elements.

Abstract: An imaging apparatus includes a unit pixel including a pixel electrode, a charge accumulation region electrically connected to the pixel electrode, and a signal detection circuit electrically connected to the charge accumulation region; a counter electrode facing the pixel electrode; a photoelectric conversion layer disposed between the electrodes; and a voltage supply circuit configured to selectively apply any one of first, second, and third voltages between the electrodes. The photoelectric conversion layer exhibits first and second wavelength sensitivity characteristics in a wavelength range when the voltage supply circuit applies the first and second voltages between the electrodes, respectively, and becomes insensitive to light in the wavelength range when the voltage supply circuit applies the third voltage between the electrodes.

Abstract: An electro-optical device includes a pixel electrode having translucency, a wiring layer including a translucent portion having translucency configured to overlap the pixel electrode in plan view in a thickness direction of the pixel electrode, and a wiring portion including a plurality of wirings arranged in a periphery of the translucent portion in the plan view, an insulating layer arranged between the pixel electrode and the wiring layer, and including a lens surface having a curved shape, a lens layer having translucency arranged between the pixel electrode and the insulating layer, and arranged on the insulating layer to be in contact with the lens surface, a first mark formed of a same layer as a part of the plurality of wirings of the wiring layer, and a second mark arranged in contact with the insulating layer on the lens layer side as viewed from the insulating layer.

Abstract: Generally, this disclosure enables various technologies for directed illumination. For example, this disclosure enables a sign (e.g., an electronic billboard) having a louver board with a plurality of brims and a plurality of channel groups, where the brims one-to-one shade the channel groups.

Abstract: The invention relates, inter alia, to a light fixture (10) for illuminating building surfaces (17) or partial surfaces of a building, comprising a housing (11), at least one light source, in particular an LED (12, 12a, 12b, 12c) and at least one collimator optical unit (15, 15a, 15b, 15c) for focusing the light emitted by the light source. The particularity of the invention, inter alia, is that in the light path downstream of the collimator optical unit at least two lens plates (18, 19) are provided, on both of which a plurality of lens elements (22a, 22b, 22c, 23a, 23b, 23c) being arranged, in particular grouped, thereon, wherein the spacing (32) between the two lens plates is variable by an adjusting device (20), and wherein the light fixture provides different light distributions (37, 38, 39, 50a, 50b, 50c) in different spacings of the lens plates.

Abstract: An exposure device includes: a first lens array unit and a second lens array unit each including a plurality of optical elements formed in a formation surface with respective optical axes parallel to each other, the formation surface of the first lens array unit being not perpendicular to the optical axes; a first lens array holder and a second lens array holder that hold the first lens array unit and the second lens array unit with the respective optical axes of the plurality of optical elements parallel to each other; and a light source assembly in which optical element groups each including a plurality of light-emitting devices aligned in a direction perpendicular to the optical axes are disposed at different positions in a direction parallel to the optical axes, wherein the first lens array unit is provided with a first seating surface and a second seating surface.

Abstract: A direct projection light field display comprising an array of projectors for direct projection of a light field. The overall design and incorporation of additional optics achieve the optimal light distribution and small pixel size to produce a high definition, 3D display. The architecture of the direct projection light field display has low a brightness requirement for each projector, resulting in an increased projector density, decreased system, and a decreased power requirement, while producing a high-definition light field.

Abstract: An imaging apparatus mountable on a moveable apparatus includes a plurality of lighting-imaging units, each configured to capture an image of a different area on an object in a direction intersecting with a movement direction of the moveable apparatus. The each of the plurality of lighting-imaging units includes a light source unit configured to illuminate a partial area on the object as a lighting area; and an image capture unit configured to capture an image of an image capture area set within the lighting area. The plurality of lighting-imaging units captures an image of a non-overlapped lighting area on the object where the lighting areas of the plurality of lighting-imaging units do not overlap with each other.

Abstract: Disclosed are transparent energy relay waveguide systems for the superimposition of holographic opacity modulation states for holographic, light field, virtual, augmented and mixed reality applications. The light field system may comprise one or more energy waveguide relay systems with one or more energy modulation elements, each energy modulation element configured to modulate energy passing therethrough, whereby the energy passing therethrough may be directed according to 4D plenoptic functions or inverses thereof.

Abstract: Methods and systems are disclosed for scalable antenna arrays that may be built up using pluggable tiles that have low distortion, flat band high gain, and structured to channelize the signals into narrow bands that may be 40 MHz or even smaller bandwidth apart. Antenna array tiles may employ traveling wave tube (TWT) components and wafer scale arrays. H-topology, equal length, feed networks connect the signals to antenna elements. The fractal-like, recursively repeating at different size scales, structure for the H-tree feed networks, implemented using pluggable tiles, facilitates the scalability of the high gain waveguide antenna array. System integration across the 75-115 GHz spectral band implements scalable aperture architecture with emphasis on addressing considerations of the TX power requirement, feed network, channelizing signals at different frequency bands using specially designed diplexers and combiners, cooling, component placement, and isolation.

Abstract: Systems and methods in accordance with embodiments of the invention actively align a lens stack array with an array of focal planes to construct an array camera module. In one embodiment, a method for actively aligning a lens stack array with a sensor that has a focal plane array includes: aligning the lens stack array relative to the sensor in an initial position; varying the spatial relationship between the lens stack array and the sensor; capturing images of a known target that has a region of interest using a plurality of active focal planes at different spatial relationships; scoring the images based on the extent to which the region of interest is focused in the images; selecting a spatial relationship between the lens stack array and the sensor based on a comparison of the scores; and forming an array camera subassembly based on the selected spatial relationship.

Abstract: Systems, devices, and techniques related to thin form factor head mounted displays and near light field displays are discussed. Such devices may include a display to present elemental images, a primary lens array in an optical path between the display and a viewing zone of a user, the primary lens array to magnify elemental images to a viewing zone, and a secondary array of optical elements between the display and the primary lens array to concentrate elemental images from the display to the primary lens array.

Abstract: A lighting system for a navigational system of a vehicle includes a scanning unit and one or more lighting assemblies. Each lighting assembly includes one or more laser diodes configured to emit light, a lens array including one or more lens elements, and a controller electrically coupled with each of the laser diodes. The lens array receives incoming light from the laser diodes and direct the incoming light from the lens array as a collimated beam. The controller individually controls a power level of each of the laser diodes. The laser diodes, the lens array, and the controller are disposed on a substrate and disposed in a common housing. Each lighting assembly is arranged in an arc relative to the scanning unit. The scanning unit receives the collimated beam from each lighting assembly and directs the collimated beam from each lighting assembly in two orthogonal directions.

Abstract: A lens array assembly includes plural lens elements each configured to receive incoming light from one or more light sources. The lens elements include biconic refractive elements on first sides of the lens elements and including diffractive elements on opposite, second sides of the lens elements. The lens elements are configured to change directions of the incoming light received from the one or more light sources such that outgoing light emanating from the lens elements is collimated in a first direction but diverges along a different, second direction.

Abstract: The purpose of the present invention is to provide an overlay error measuring device which measures an overlay error with high accuracy even when a lower layer pattern is disposed under a thin film and a sufficient signal amount cannot be ensured. The present invention proposes an overlay error measuring device provided with an arithmetic processing unit for measuring a pattern formed on a sample on the basis of a signal waveform obtained by a charged particle beam device. The arithmetic processing unit finds a correlation with the signal waveform using a partial waveform obtained on the basis of partial extraction of the signal waveform, forms a correlation profile indicating the correlation, and measures an overlay error using the correlation profile.

Abstract: A grating lens is disclosed. The grating lens is of a uniform columnar body, both shapes and sizes of respective cross sections perpendicular to an axis of the grating lens are the same, the grating lens includes sides formed of a plane and a cambered surface, an intersecting line between an oblique section of the grating lens and the cambered surface is a circular arc, and the oblique section is any section which forms a predetermined angle A with the axis of the grating lens and is perpendicular to the plane, where 0°<A<90°. The present invention also discloses a lens-type grating and a display device which include the above grating lens.

Abstract: A laser navigational system for a vehicle having a lighting assembly configured for emission of light. A lens array assembly receives incoming light from the lighting assembly and changes the direction of the incoming light received from the lighting assembly such that the outgoing light emanating from the lens array assembly is collimated in a first direction but diverges along a different, second direction. A scanning unit aligns with the lighting assembly to direct the collimated beam in two orthogonal directions. The lighting assembly, the lens array assembly and the scanning unit are configured to direct the light to form a visual beacon that guides navigation of the vehicle to a location.

Abstract: In one embodiment, an infrared (IR) imaging system for determining a concentration of a target species in an object is disclosed. The imaging system can include an optical system including an optical focal plane array (FPA) unit. The optical system can have components defining at least two optical channels thereof, said at least two optical channels being spatially and spectrally different from one another. Each of the at least two optical channels can be positioned to transfer IR radiation incident on the optical system towards the optical FPA. The system can include a processing unit containing a processor that can be configured to acquire multispectral optical data representing said target species from the IR radiation received at the optical FPA. Said optical system and said processing unit can be contained together in a data acquisition and processing module configured to be worn or carried by a person.

Abstract: The present invention provides a variable aerodynamic system for a vehicle. The system includes an active air skirt, an active rear spoiler, and an active rear bumper spoiler of which one or more are selected and deployed by a controller, while a vehicle is running, when the controller receives information obtained by a detector, and determines that the obtained information satisfies conditions inputted in advance by comparing the obtained information with the conditions inputted in advance. The height from an end of a front bumper to a front wheel center is within a predetermined value.

Abstract: A display device includes a base substrate, a plurality of pixels disposed on the base substrate, a light collecting member disposed on the plurality of pixels, and an encapsulation member disposed on the light collecting member and facing the base substrate to cover the plurality of pixels, where the light collecting member includes a light collecting layer including a protrusion pattern disposed on an upper surface of the light collecting layer and the protrusion pattern is protruded in one direction to change an optical path of a light passing through the light collecting layer.

Abstract: Embodiments describe optical imagers that include one or more micro-optic components. Some imagers can be passive imagers that include a light detection system for receiving ambient light from a field. Some imagers can be active imagers that include a light emission system in addition to the light detection system. The light emission system can be configured to emit light into the field such that emitted light is reflected off surfaces of an object in the field and received by the light detection system. In some embodiments, the light detection system and/or the light emission system includes micro-optic components for improving operational performance.

Abstract: A beam-shaping optical system suitable for use with optical coherence tomography includes a beam-shaping body having a beam-shaping element and an alignment feature. An optical fiber is coupled to the alignment feature. The fiber has a fiber end configured to emit an electromagnetic beam. The fiber and the body are configured to direct the beam into the beam-shaping element such that the beam is shaped solely by reflection into an image spot.

Abstract: A method for manufacturing one or more optical devices, each comprising a first member and a second member, and a spacer arranged between the first and second members. The method includes manufacturing a spacer wafer including a multitude of the spacers. Manufacturing the spacer wafer includes providing a replication tool having spacer replication sections; bringing the replication tool in contact with a first surface of another wafer; bringing a vacuum sealing chuck into contact with a second surface of the other wafer while the other wafer remains in contact with the replication tool; and injecting a liquid, viscous or plastically deformable material through an inlet of the vacuum sealing chuck so as to substantially fill the spacer replication sections.

Abstract: An apparatus for fabricating a lens includes an injection port to inject a source material, a molding frame filled with the source material and including a plurality of forming molds adjacent to each other, and a light source or a heat source to cure the source material filled in the forming molds. The forming molds include at least four connection passages connected to the forming molds. A method for fabricating a lens includes injecting a source material through an injection port of a molding frame which includes a plurality of forming molds adjacent to each other and at least four connection passages connected to the forming molds, filling the source material in the forming molds and discharging the source material out of the forming molds through the connection passages, applying a pressure to the source material, and curing the source material.

Abstract: Certain aspects relate to systems and techniques for submicron alignment in wafer optics. One disclosed method of alignment between wafers to produce an integrated lens stack employs a beam splitter (that is, a 50% transparent mirror) that reflects the alignment mark of the top wafer when the microscope objective is focused on the alignment mark of the bottom wafer. Another disclosed method of alignment between wafers to produce an integrated lens stack implements complementary patterns that can produce a Moiré effect when misaligned in order to aid in visually determining proper alignment between the wafers. In some embodiments, the methods can be combined to increase precision.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for simultaneous spatial light modulator beam steering and system aberration correction. The apparatus includes a spatial light modulator, a wide-field optical system, the wide-field optical system including at least one optical system aberration; and a camera. The wide-field optical system collimates a light beam toward the camera. The camera communicates with the spatial light modulator via a feedback loop that pre-corrects for the at least one optical system aberration.

Abstract: A method for displaying a near-eye light field display (NELD) image is disclosed. The method comprises determining a pre-filtered image to be displayed, wherein the pre-filtered image corresponds to a target image. It further comprises displaying the pre-filtered image on a display. Subsequently, it comprises producing a near-eye light field after the pre-filtered image travels through a microlens array adjacent to the display, wherein the near-eye light field is operable to simulate a light field corresponding to the target image. Finally, it comprises altering the near-eye light field using at least one converging lens, wherein the altering allows a user to focus on the target image at an increased depth of field at an increased distance from an eye of the user and wherein the altering increases spatial resolution of said target image.

Abstract: The first optical element 10 and the second optical element 20 are spaced away from each other in an effective area through which a light beam passes, and satisfy the following condition (1): 0<DMAX/f?0.3??(1) where DMAX is the maximum value of a distance as measured in the effective area through which the light beam passes on a section including a center chief ray of the light beam in a direction parallel with the center chief ray between the second surface 12 of the first optical element 10 and the first surface 21 of the second optical element 20, and f is the focal length of the decentered optical system 1.

Abstract: A despeckle optical system for an image projector includes a diffuser, an in-plane vibrator, a microlens array, and a vibrator driver. The in-plane vibrator is coupled to vibrate the diffuser along a vibration plane. The vibrator driver is coupled to drive the in-plane vibrator and configured to drive the in-plane vibrator at different vibration amplitudes for averaging the intensity of speckle in display light that propagates through the diffuser via the microlens array.

Abstract: An illumination device or method of generating illumination using an illumination device is described with two light sources with different spectral distribution a number of displaceable light collectors collecting light from the light sources where in one mixing position receiving light from both light sources where at least one of the light sources has two independently controllable light emitting areas and in one mixing position the collecting area collects light form the first light emitting area and substantially not from the second light emitting area. Further an unrelated illumination device with at least one Light Emitting Diode, LED and a current spreader connected to and covering a first area of a first side of the lead, spreading current in an irregular pattern and a current controller controlling current flowing through the first current spreader. The current spreader can be patterned to produce a round beam illumination or illumination in a form of a static picture or logo.

Abstract: Then optical device comprises a first member (P) and a second member (O) and, arranged between said first and second members, a third member (S) referred to as spacer. The spacer (S) comprises —one or more portions referred to as distancing portions (Sd) in which the spacer has a vertical extension referred to as maximum vertical extension; —at least two separate portions referred to as open portions (4) in which no material of the spacer is present; and —one or more portions referred to as structured portions (Sb) in which material of the spacer is present and in which the spacer has a vertical extension smaller than said maximum vertical extension. Such optical devices can be used in or as multi-aperture cameras.

Abstract: A lens device and a light source module using the same are provided. The lens device comprises a lens and a patterned light shielding layer. The lens has a middle light emitting surface and a periphery light emitting surface surrounding the middle light emitting surface. The patterned light shielding layer is formed on the periphery light emitting surface of the lens.

Abstract: Arrayed imaging systems include an array of detectors formed with a common base and a first array of layered optical elements, each one of the layered optical elements being optically connected with a detector in the array of detectors.

Abstract: A rod lens array includes a plurality of columnar rod lenses each having a refractive index distribution in which a refractive index continuously decreases from a central axis thereof to an outer periphery, and arranged in at least one row to align the central axes in parallel to each other. Each of the plurality of columnar rod lenses includes an emission-side end portion region, an incident-side end portion region, and an intermediate region between the emission-side end portion region and the incident-side end portion region, each having a central refractive index. The central refractive index of the incident-side end portion is equal to that of the emission-side end portion region in an optical axis direction, and the central refractive index at the intermediate region is higher than those of the emission-side and incident-side end portion regions.

Abstract: Provided are a lenticular lens sheet capable of simultaneously achieving an improvement in visibility due to improving bonding accuracy, and low cost due to shape stabilization during processing the lens, a display apparatus and an electronic equipment including the same. The lenticular lens sheet includes a plurality of cylindrical lenses which extend in a direction parallel to each other; and an alignment mark which has two cylindrical lenses among the plurality of cylindrical lenses, a flat part disposed between the two cylindrical lenses, and a structure which is disposed on the flat part and extends between the two cylindrical lenses.

Abstract: An erecting equal-magnification lens array unit includes a first lens array and a second lens array. The first lens array includes a plurality of first lenses. The second lens array includes a plurality of second lenses. The optical axes of the second lenses overlap with the optical axes of the first lenses. Each first lens and second lens with overlapping optical axes form a unit optical system. Each unit optical system is an erecting equal-magnification optical system. Each unit optical system is substantially telecentric on at least the object side. The imaging position, by each first lens, of an object is positioned between the first lens array and the second lens array.

Abstract: An image processing device includes a pixel array including multiple unit pixels each configured to generate multiple color signals in response to incident light, and a data processing unit configured to generate output image data by processing the color signals in parallel in a first operating mode, and further configured to generate two image signals for each unit pixel based on the color signals and to generate the output image data by processing the two image signals in parallel in a second operating mode.

Abstract: A silicon-based thermal energy transfer apparatus that aids dissipation of thermal energy from a heat-generating device, such as an edge-emitting laser diode, is provided. In one aspect, the apparatus comprises a silicon-based base portion having a first primary surface and a silicon-based support structure. The silicon-based support structure includes a mounting end and a distal end opposite the mounting end with the mounting end received by the base portion such that the support structure extends from the first primary surface of the base portion. The support structure includes a recess defined therein to receive the edge-emitting laser diode. The support structure further includes a slit connecting the distal end and the recess to expose at least a portion of a light-emitting edge of the edge-emitting laser diode when the edge-emitting laser diode is received in the support structure.

Abstract: A silicon-based thermal energy transfer apparatus that aids dissipation of thermal energy from a heat-generating device, such as an edge-emitting laser diode, is provided. In one aspect, the apparatus comprises a base portion and a support portion. The base portion is made of silicon and includes a first primary surface. The first primary surface includes at least first and second V-notch grooves thereon. The support portion is made of silicon and includes at least first and second edges that are interlockingly received in the first and second V-notch grooves when the support portion is mounted on the base portion.

Abstract: A high definition thin lens dimensional image display device and methods of manufacturing the same. The thin lens dimensional image display device generally includes a lens array on a first surface of a film, such as a lenticular lens array or a fly's eye lens array, with a printed imaged either printed directly on a second planar surface of the film, or on a separate substrate that is laminated thereto. The resulting display device offers a lower cost display device having greater flexibility for a wider variety of applications than traditional image display devices, without compromising image quality. Processes for manufacturing the display device include printing on a pre-fabricated thin lens web, inline printing of an image and patterning of the lens array, and inline printing of a substrate and application of a coating to the substrate which is subsequently patterned or embossed.

Abstract: A lens unit includes a first lens plate including first lenses arranged in a first direction and configured to form an intermediate image being an inverted reduced image of an object, a second lens plate including second lenses arranged in the first direction and configured to form an inverted enlarged image of the intermediate image on a light reception surface, and a positioning portion being in contact with both a butting portion formed on the first lens plate and a butting portion formed on the second lens plate.

Abstract: A combined use of a pervasively textured anilox supply roll and a customized, locally patterned flexographic roll is provided for forming a lenticular product. The customized, locally patterned flexographic roll includes an intermittent raised and recessed surface pattern analogous to a type used in a “spot” ink application. In the present case, however, the applied material is transparent and preferably matched in its refractive index to the lenticular sheet. Relevant aspects of the invention also register the selectively coated areas with graphic features on the planar reverse side of the lenticular sheet.

Abstract: Optical imaging apparatuses are provided having desired focal properties. An optical imaging apparatus can include at least one wafer level optical element, a spacer, a second wafer comprising a focus compensation standoff, and an electro-optical element. For some apparatuses, the focus compensation standoff may include an electro-optical element mounting surface having a roughness different from at least one other surface of the focus compensation standoff. Also described are methods of producing a plurality of optical imaging apparatuses. Some methods include providing an optical wafer having a first and second optical element, determining a first and second focal point of a first and second optical die; providing a second wafer having a first and second focus compensation standoff; and adjusting the heights of the first and second focus compensation standoffs to position a first and second electro-optical element at or near a first and second focal point, respectively.

Abstract: An erecting equal-magnification lens array plate includes: a first lens array plate provided with a plurality of first lenses systematically arranged on a first surface and a plurality of second lenses systematically arranged on a second surface opposite to the first surface; and a second lens array plate provided with a plurality of third lenses systematically arranged on a third surface and a plurality of fourth lenses systematically arranged on a fourth surface opposite to the third surface. The first lens array plate and the second lens array plate form a stack such that the second surface and the third surface face each other to ensure that a combination of the lenses aligned with each other form a coaxial lens system. A plurality of V grooves are formed in an area between adjacent second lenses on the second surface in the erecting equal-magnification lens array plate.