Abstract: The application discloses energy conditioners that include A, B, and G master electrodes in which the A and B electrodes include main body electrodes with conductive paths that cross inside the energy conditioner and which has A and B tabs at one end of the main body electrodes conductively tied together and A and B tabs at another end of the main body electrodes conductively tied together, and the application also discloses novel assemblies of mounting, contacting, integrating those energy conditioners with conductive connection structures.

Abstract: In one embodiment, a solar power inverter includes at least one component associated with conversion of direct current (DC) from one or more photovoltaic cells to alternating current (AC). The component is electrically coupleable to an electrical conductor configured to carry electrical current. The solar power inverter also includes a first surge protective device (SPD) electrically coupled to the component and electrically coupleable to the electrical conductor. The solar power inverter also includes a second SPD electrically coupled in parallel with the first SPD and electrically coupleable to the electrical conductor. As described in more detail herein, the first SPD is configured to actuate in response to a voltage surge on the electrical conductor before the second SPD.

Abstract: In some embodiments, an electrostatic discharge (ESD) protection circuit includes a substrate resistance control circuit coupled to a body of a first NMOS transistor. The substrate resistance control circuit increases a resistance of the body of the first NMOS transistor during an ESD event. The first NMOS transistor has a drain coupled to an input/output (I/O) pad and a gate coupled to a first voltage source. The first voltage source is set at ground potential.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an interposer substrate for interconnecting between active electronic componentry such as but not limited to a single or multiple integrated circuit chips in either a single or a combination and elements that could comprise of a mounting substrate, substrate module, a printed circuit board, integrated circuit chips or other substrates containing conductive energy pathways that service an energy utilizing load and leading to and from an energy source. The interposer will also possess a multi-layer, universal multi-functional, common conductive shield structure with conductive pathways for energy and EMI conditioning and protection that also comprise a commonly shared and centrally positioned conductive pathway or electrode of the structure that can simultaneously shield and allow smooth energy interaction between grouped and energized conductive pathway electrodes containing a circuit architecture for energy conditioning as it relates to integrated circuit device packaging.

Abstract: The present invention provides a power strip having a surge protective circuit. When a surge is inputted into the power strip, the surge is subject to two-stage suppressions so as to protect the electrical appliances which are electrically connected to the power strip. The surge protective circuit of the power strip includes a first surge protective device, a buffer conductive device and a second surge protective device. The buffer conductive device is relatively small-sized and cost-effective in comparison with the bulky inductor used in conventional power strip.

Abstract: A DC noise absorbing device for preventing surges and regulating voltages includes a surge inhibitor, a fuse wire, a plurality of diodes, a plurality of Zener diodes, a plurality of diode alternate current switches (DIACs), a plurality of capacitors, and a circuit for indicating light emission, all of which are disposed on or between two wires respectively of positive voltage and negative voltage. The surge inhibitor and the fuse wire are connected in series on the wire of positive voltage; the plurality of diodes, the plurality of Zener diodes, the plurality of DIACs, the plurality of capacitors, which are identically specified, and the circuit for indicating light emission are orderly connected in parallel between the wires of positive voltage and negative voltage so as to form a staircase arrangement of cut-in switching voltages.

Abstract: During an ESD event, an ESD current flows from a ground node of a first ESD protection circuit and out of an integrated circuit to a terminal of a package that houses the integrated circuit. To improve ESD performance, a second ESD protection circuit is provided. A diode of the second ESD protection circuit is coupled between the ground node and the body of an input transistor of a Low Noise Amplifier (LNA). If the voltage on the ground node changes quickly during an ESD event (for example, due to a current spike flowing across a wire bond), then the diode charges the body of the transistor, thereby preventing a large gate-to-body voltage from developing across transistor. In some embodiments, another ground bond pad is provided and the second ESD protection circuit includes other diodes that charge or discharge other nodes during the ESD event to prevent transistor damage.

Abstract: A surge protector includes a housing with connectors for passing through an electrical lead that is to be protected, whereby a surge voltage discharge device is located inside the housing and a mounting base for placement on a mounting rail is located on the outside of the housing. The mounting base on the housing exhibits a power surge proof discharge contact for contacting the mounting rail with the discharge contact being connected to the discharge connector of the surge protector. An attachment is connected in a removeable fashion to the mounting base which includes a contact component which contacts the discharge contact of the mounting base and is connected in an electrically conducting manner with a lead that exits the attachment.

Abstract: Described herein are various embodiments of a power distribution unit having modular components. For example, according to one embodiment, a power distribution unit can include a component portion that comprises at least two modules including outlet modules, circuit protection modules, power input modules, communications I/O modules, and display modules. Each of the at least two modules of the component portion can comprise at least one connection element and can be removably secured to one or more other of the at least two modules via the connection elements. The power distribution unit can also include a housing that defines an interior cavity. The component portion can be removably secured to the housing at least partially within the interior cavity.

Abstract: A surge energy transfer circuit comprises a surge protection device, gas tube, inductor and high voltage capacitor for significantly reducing surge energy entering a power facility, lowering a remnant surge voltage to convert the surge energy in a voltage form. The converted voltage is superimposed to an operating power to slightly cause a rise of a peak value of the operating voltage. After the surge energy is converted in tens of mS, the operating power returns to a normal voltage value. Accordingly, the lifetime of the surge protection device can be extended and the surge immunity of the power facility can be improved to normal under surge interference situations.

Abstract: An ESD protection circuit including an SCR having at least a PNP transistor and at least a NPN transistor such that said PNP transistor is coupled to an anode and the NPN transistor is coupled to a cathode. The circuit also includes a first resistor coupled between the anode and the base of the pnp transistor and a second resistor coupled between the cathode and the base of the npn transistor. A parasitic distributed bipolar transistor is formed between said first and second transistor to control triggering of the SCR.

Abstract: One or more embodiments provide for a device that utilizes voltage switchable dielectric material having semi-conductive or conductive materials that have a relatively high aspect ratio for purpose of enhancing mechanical and electrical characteristics of the VSD material on the device.

Abstract: An integrated circuit has pins to which electrostatic discharge voltages may be delivered during electrostatic discharge events. Circuitry in the integrated circuit can be protected from damage by the electrostatic discharge voltages by electrostatic discharge protection circuitry. The electrostatic discharge protection circuitry may include one or more diodes that are connected between a given pin and ground to discharge negative electrostatic discharge voltages. Positive electrostatic discharge voltages may be discharged using a transistor that is connected between the pin and ground and that breaks down at a breakdown voltage. A voltage blocking circuit such as a circuit based on a voltage blocking transistor may be used to prevent damaging electrostatic discharge voltages from reaching sensitive circuitry. Pull down circuitry may be used to help ensure that the circuitry is protected from damage during electrostatic discharge events.

Abstract: The application discloses novel internal structures of energy conditioners, assemblies of external structures of energy conditioners and mounting structure, and novel circuits including energy conditioners having A, B, and G master electrodes.

Abstract: One or more embodiments provide for a device that utilizes voltage switchable dielectric material having semi-conductive or conductive materials that have a relatively high aspect ratio for purpose of enhancing mechanical and electrical characteristics of the VSD material on the device.

Abstract: The invention relates to a device for a remote monitoring the state of at least a single-pole surge protection which consists of a bracket (1) and at least one slide-in protective member (2) whereas the bracket (1) and also the slide-in protective members (2) are fitted with mechanical devices for detecting the status change of each of the slide-in protective members (2) and the bracket (1) is further fitted with devices for the status change of the switch (4) on the basis of a status change of some of the slide-in protective members (2) whereas the switch (4) is fitted with devices for connecting to the remote conduit of the status change of the switch (4) signal.

Abstract: A home control protection system includes at least one surge protection strip having a plurality of power outlet receptacles, and a wall mountable central control unit that is in electrical communication with the at least one surge protection strip. The surge protection strip includes a replaceable surge protector module. The surge protection strip includes a circuit for detecting and counting the number of power surges which are shunted by the surge protector module, and compares the number of power surges with a predetermined threshold power surge number that corresponds to a predicted maximum number of power surges before failure of the surge protector module will occur.

Abstract: A semiconductor module has switching semiconductor elements connected in parallel to each other and at least a free wheeling semiconductor element reversely connected in parallel to the switching semiconductor elements. The free wheeling semiconductor element is placed between the switching semiconductor elements. At both end parts of the semiconductor elements, each of the switching semiconductor elements is placed. A longitudinal side of each of the switching semiconductor elements and the free wheeling semiconductor element is placed in parallel to a short side of the semiconductor module. An electric-power conversion device has a plurality of arms. Each arm is composed of the semiconductor elements.

Abstract: Disclosed are various embodiments of voltage protectors that include a first voltage clamping device configured to clamp a voltage of an input power applied to an electrical load, and a second voltage clamping device configured to clamp the voltage applied to the electrical load. A series inductance separates the first and second voltage clamping devices. Also, a switching element is employed to selectively establish a direct coupling of the input power to the electrical load, where a circuit is employed to control the operation of the switching element.

Abstract: A device for protecting a radio frequency transmission line from transient voltages includes an inner conductor for transmitting electromagnetic signals of a desired frequency band and a grounded, coaxial outer conductor electrically insulated from the inner conductor. A conductive bus bar extends longitudinally within the outer conductor and is conductively connected thereto. A plurality of gas discharge tubes are directly mounted on the inner conductor along at least a portion of its length in spaced apart intervals. In addition, each of the plurality of gas discharge tubes is conductively connected to a flattened surface on the bus bar through a metal spring washer. In use, the plurality of gas discharge tubes operate in parallel with one another to discharge transient voltages carried by the inner conductor that exceed a predefined threshold.

Abstract: There is disclosed an electrostatic discharge (ESD) protection device and method. An electronic device (100) that employs an exemplary embodiment of the present invention comprises an electronic component (106) having a signal input conductor (302). An exemplary ESD protection circuit (200) includes a spark gap (204) in series with a high pass quarter wave transformer (208). The exemplary ESD protection circuit (200) is adapted to discharge an ESD pulse from the signal input conductor (302) of the electronic component (106) to a ground plane (304) via the spark gap (204) and/or the high pass quarter wave transformer (208).

Abstract: An ESD protection circuit for a switch coupled to high-speed signaling pins of an integrated circuit includes a first string of clamping elements and a second string of clamping elements. The first string of clamping elements has a collective capacitance less than the capacitance of a single clamping element. The first string of clamping elements is operably coupled to the drain and source of the transistor and conducts when a first polarity ESD voltage is applied to the high-speed pins. The second string of clamping elements has a collective capacitance less than the capacitance of one clamping element. The second string of clamping elements is operably coupled to the drain and source of the transistor and conducts when a second polarity ESD voltage is applied to the high speed signaling pins.

Abstract: A surge protection circuit may include a tuned circuit board with traces designed to provide a surge protected and RF isolated DC path while propagating RF signals through the PCB dielectric with microstrip lines. The surge protection circuit utilizes high impedance RF decoupling devices such as quarterwave traces or inductors which isolate the multistage DC protection scheme which may include a gas discharge tube, serial surge impeding devices such as inductors and/or resistors, a decoupled air/spark gap device and a Zener diode junction.

Abstract: An integrated circuit suitable for use at high frequencies and comprising a first capacitor having an input and an output, as well as a ground connection, wherein the capacitor is ESD-protected through an resistor between the capacitor output and the ground connection, which resistor has a resistance value that is sufficiently high so as to prevent any substantial influence on RF performance of the ground connection.

Abstract: Connection apparatuses are provided, in which at least one isolation transformer comprises a primary coil and a secondary coil each comprising a first end, a second end and a tap, and a high voltage impulse protector is disposed between the primary coil of the isolation transformer and a ground terminal, discharging an overcurrent caused by a high voltage impulse to the ground terminal by point discharge when a high voltage impulse event occurs.

Abstract: An electrostatic protection circuit includes a first impurity region, a second impurity region, a first electrode, a third impurity region, a fourth impurity region, a second electrode, a fifth impurity region, a sixth impurity region, a third electrode, a gate insulating film, and a fourth electrode.

Abstract: An apparatus for protecting hardware devices is disclosed. A DC pass RF surge suppressor includes a housing defining a chamber having a central axis, the housing having an opening to the chamber, an input conductor disposed in the chamber of the housing and extending substantially along the central axis of the chamber, an output conductor disposed in the chamber of the housing and extending substantially along the central axis of the chamber, a non-linear protection device positioned in the opening of the housing for diverting surge energy to a ground, a capacitor connected in series with the input conductor and the output conductor, a first spiral inductor having an inner edge connected to the input conductor and an outer edge coupled to the non-linear protection device, and a second spiral inductor having an inner edge connected to the output conductor and an outer edge coupled to the non-linear protection device.

Abstract: Circuit arrangement embodiments that use relative groupings of energy pathways that include shielding circuit arrangements that can sustain and condition electrically complementary energy confluences.

Abstract: Circuit arrangement embodiments that use relative groupings of energy pathways that include shielding circuit arrangements that can sustain and condition electrically complementary energy confluences.

Abstract: A travel outlet device is for connecting between an adapter and a power cable. The travel outlet device includes a case, a PCB and at least one power outlet unit. The case is connected with a power input portion and a power output portion. The PCB has a surge-protected circuit and is disposed inside the case. The PCB is electrically connected with the power input portion and the power output portion. The power outlet unit is disposed with the case and electrically connected with the PCB. Accordingly, the travel outlet device can provide the adapter surge-protected function so that users can get more power outlet units to connect to other electric equipments for convenient use.

Abstract: an electrical device that includes a first electrode and a second electrode that are separated from one another so as to form a gap structure. A layer of protective material spans the gap structure to contact the first electrode and the second electrode. A dimension of the gap structure, corresponding to a separation distance between the first electrode and the second electrode, is varied and includes a minimum separation distance that coincides with a critical path of the layer of protective material between the first electrode and the second electrode.

Abstract: The application discloses energy conditioners that include A, B, and G master electrodes in which the A and B electrodes include main body electrodes with conductive paths that cross inside the energy conditioner and which has A and B tabs at one end of the main body electrodes conductively tied together and A and B tabs at another end of the main body electrodes conductively tied together, and the application also discloses novel assemblies of mounting, contacting, integrating those energy conditioners with conductive connection structures.

Abstract: The present invention provides a power strip having surge protective device. The power strip includes a first surge protective device, a buffer conductive device and a second surge protective device. When a surge is inputted into the power strip, the surge is subject to two-stage suppressions so as to protect the electrical appliances which are electrically connected to the power strip.

Abstract: An overvoltage protection element with a housing, with at least one overvoltage limiting component which is located in the housing, especially a varistor, with two terminal lugs which are each connected to a respective pole of the overvoltage limiting component in an electrically conductive manner, especially soldered or welded, and with two connecting elements for electrical connection of the overvoltage protection element to the current path or signal path to be protected. In the normal state of the overvoltage protection element, the connecting elements are each in electrically conductive contact with a respective terminal lug. The overvoltage protection element can be produced especially easily and economically by the first terminal lug and the first connecting element being integrally connected to one another and by the free end of the first connecting element which faces away from the overvoltage limiting component being made as a plug-in contact.

Abstract: A surge protector with spatial variation includes a housing, a body, a lifting means, and an operating means. The housing has an opening and an accommodating space. The opening and the accommodating space are in communication with each other. The body is accommodated in the accommodating space. The wall surface of the body is provided with a plurality of outlet units. The lifting means is connected between the housing and the body, thereby driving the body to move in the accommodating space. The operating means is used to abut and fix the body. In operation, a user controls the operating means to release the body, so that the body is driven by the lifting means to move upwardly. In this way, the plurality of outlet units will be exposed to the outside of the opening, so that the user can have more outlet unit choices at various spatial elevations.

Abstract: An integrated circuit arrangement has a signal input 20 and a signal output 60, a signal processing unit 100 which is connected to the signal input 20 and to the signal output 60, a noise source 50 for generating a noise signal, and a noise line 55 which connects the noise source 50 to the signal input 20.

Abstract: An electrical protection component with a short-circuiting device includes a surge arrester including at least two electrodes. The electrical protection component has at least one fusible element having a geometrical form including at least one cavity. A short-circuiting link is arranged at the surge arrester, wherein the short-circuiting link presses onto the fusible element. The short-circuiting link is spaced apart from the electrodes by means of the fusible element.

Abstract: An electrical protection component with a short-circuiting device includes a gas-filled surge arrester that includes at least two electrodes. Preferably, one electrode in each case is arranged at the ends of the surge arrester. The electrical protection component has a thermal short-circuiting device, wherein the thermal short-circuiting device includes a clip having at least two sections. At least a first section of the clip is attached to the surge arrester by snap action. At least a second section of the clip at least partly surrounds the first section and is spaced apart from the first section by means of a fusible element. The second section has a short-circuiting link at an end. The short-circuiting link electrically connects the electrodes of the surge arrester to one another in the case where the fusible element melts.

Abstract: An apparatus for providing electrostatic discharge protection includes a plurality of conductive circumferential extensions defined by overlapping circular voids between a first conductor surface and a second conductor surface.

Abstract: An access control system dissipates voltage transients while allowing access control equipment to operate normally. The access control system utilizes an isolation patch panel which is provided with circuitry to prevent voltage transients from damaging access control equipment, while also enabling the access control equipment to be wired with standard Ethernet cabling.

Abstract: A configuration includes a surge arrester. The surge arrester includes first and second connecting terminals. At least one connecting terminal is connected to an electrically conductive connecting path to contact the surge arrester. The connecting path is mounted in a universally jointed manner.

Abstract: Various apparatuses, methods and systems for protecting a driver from electrostatic discharge are disclosed herein. For example, some exemplary embodiments provide a driver, including a buffer, a leakage path blocking transistor connected to an output of the buffer, and an output driver connected to an output of the leakage path blocking transistor. Current from the output driver to the buffer is substantially blocked by the leakage path blocking transistor.

Abstract: A terminator reduces reflections on power lines connecting an inverter to an AC motor by providing a differential-mode reflection damping element and at least one common-mode reflection damping element, the latter including a series capacitance to substantially reduce power dissipation in the resistance of the damping elements.

Abstract: The present invention teaches an overvoltage protection device that includes at least one non-linear resistance element and a single cut-off device coupled with the at least one non-linear resistance element to disable the at least one non-linear resistance element when the at least one non-linear resistance element reaches a pre-determined temperature. The single cut-off device may include stranded wire, a first solder having a first melting point connecting the stranded wire to the at least one non-linear resistance element, and a second solder having a second melting point, higher than the first melting point, connecting the stranded wire to the at least one non-linear resistance element. The single cut-off device may further include a shifting part that shifts when the at least one non-linear resistance element heats the first solder to the first melting point.

Abstract: An explosion-proof and flameproof pullout safety surge-absorbing module includes a surge-absorbing unit, a protective unit, a function member, and a hot melt component. The unit has a body defining an electrode side. The middle section of electrode side defines a partially exposed electrode side further connected to a first pin. The protective component includes a base and a top cover conjoint to the base. The body is between the base and the top cover. The function member includes a recovery component and a function part. The recovery component is flexible, of which one terminal connects the base and the other terminal connects the function part pivoting onto the base and working in a first state and a second state. In the first state, one terminal of the function part is connected to the partially exposed electrode side; in the second state, the hot melt component is heated and melt.

Abstract: A connecting strip (1) for telecommunications and mid-range communications technology includes a housing (2) and at least two contact elements (11). The contact element (11) includes a first contact (12) for the connection of wires or cables and a second contact (13) for contacting a printed circuit board. The second contact (13) takes the form of a press-fit pin contact or a tuning-fork contact. The first contact (12) is aligned towards the upper side (3) of the housing (2) and the second contact (13) is aligned towards the underside (4) of the housing (2). The first contacts (12) are arranged laterally offset from the longitudinal axis (L) of the housing (2).

Abstract: A hardware description language (HDL) design structure encoded on a machine readable data storage medium, the HDL design comprising elements that when processed in a computer aided design system generates a machine executable representation of a device for implementing dynamic refresh protocols for DRAM based cache. The HDL design structure further comprises an integrated circuit having a differential driver, comprising: a first driver and a second driver forming the differential driver, the drivers are coupled in parallel between a first voltage source and a second voltage source; a first switch coupled to the first driver and configured to turn off the first driver during an ESD event such that the first driver sustains stress during the ESD event; and a second switch coupled to the second driver and configured to turn off the second driver during the ESD event such that the second driver sustains stress during the ESD event.

Abstract: An external current injection source is provided to individual fingers of a multi-finger semiconductor device to provide the same trigger voltage across the multiple fingers. For example, the external injection current is supplied to the body of a MOSFET or the gate of a thyristor. The magnitude of the supplied current from each external current injection source is adjusted so that each finger has the same trigger voltage. The external current supply circuit may comprise diodes or an RC triggered MOSFET. The components of the external current supply circuit may be tuned to achieve a desired predetermined trigger voltage across all fingers of the multi-finger semiconductor device.

Abstract: A device (1) for providing protection for an electrical installation against overvoltages including at least one protection component (2), the device having a first mounting (14) delimiting a first interstitial space (14?) with a dimension fixed by construction that at least partially houses a first conducting element (10) and a second conducting element (11) to make the electrical connection between the first conducting element and the second conducting element, the device also having a second mounting (15) delimiting a second interstitial space (15?) with a dimension fixed by construction that at least partially houses a third conducting element (12) and a fourth conducting element (13) so as to make the electrical connection between the third conducting element and the fourth conducting element.

Abstract: A voltage suppression device for suppressing voltage surges in an electrical circuit, comprised of a voltage sensitive element having a predetermined voltage rating, the voltage sensitive element increasing in temperature as voltage applied across the voltage sensitive element exceeds the voltage rating. Terminals are provided for electrically connecting the voltage sensitive element between a power line of an electrical circuit and a ground or neutral line of the electrical circuit. A normally closed, thermal switch is electrically connected in series with the voltage sensitive element between the power line and the voltage sensitive element, the thermal switch being thermally coupled to the voltage sensitive element wherein the thermal switch moves from a normally closed position to an open position to form a gap between the thermal switch and the voltage sensitive element when the temperature of the voltage sensitive element reaches a level indicating an over-voltage condition.