Abstract: A switching power amplifier having a pulse width modulation (PWM) signal generation unit that converts an input audio signal into a PWM signal with a predetermined carrier frequency, a correction unit that corrects the difference between an audio signal included in the PWM signal and a negative feedback output audio signal to generate a corrected PWM signal, a low pass filter that removes a high-frequency component from the corrected PWM signal, a frequency modulation unit that modulates the corrected PWM signal so that the corrected PWM signal has a switching frequency different from the carrier frequency of the input PWM signal to generate a modulated PWM signal, and a power amplification unit that amplifies a power of the modulated PWM signal.

Abstract: A surge arrester includes a short-circuit device. The short-circuit device includes at least one first base element. The first base element is rigidly connected in an electrically conducting and mechanical manner to a first electrode of the surge arrester. The short-circuit device also includes at least one spring arm arranged on the base element. The free end of the spring arm has a distance to the base element, and the spring arm extends over at least two adjoining electrodes of the surge arrester.

Abstract: Systems and methods for contextual audio switching for a USB controlled audio device coupled to a processor-based host are presented. Two or more USB audio endpoints associated with a singular output audio transducer or transducer set are declared at the USB controlled audio device. The two or more USB audio endpoints are monitored to identify an audio signal presence at the two or more USB audio endpoints. A priority audio signal may be determined responsive to identifying the audio signal presence at two or more USB audio endpoints.

Abstract: The target regulation voltage setting apparatus for a vehicle on which a vehicle alternator is mounted includes a first function of calculating a large first-order delay and a small first-order delay of a rotational speed of the vehicle alternator at regular time intervals, a second function of making a judgment on a running state of the vehicle by determining whether or not the vehicle is in one of an accelerating state and a decelerating state on the basis of a variation of the large first-order delay supplied from the first function, and determining whether or not the vehicle is in a normal state on the basis of a variation of the small first-order delay supplied from the first function, and a third function of determining a target regulation voltage of the vehicle alternator in accordance with a judgment result of the second function.

Abstract: An apparatus for providing electrostatic discharge protection includes a first conductive trace and a second conductive trace. The first conductive trace defines a first conductive periphery and is deposited on a first surface. The second conductive trace defines a second conductive periphery and is deposited on a second surface. The second surface is spaced apart from the first surface by a gap distance and in parallel relation so that a spark gap is defined by the gap distance between the first conductive periphery and the second conductive periphery.

Abstract: A disconnector assembly is provided for an arrester. A non-conductive housing has first and second opposite ends separated by an internal chamber. A first electrical terminal is connected at the first end. A second electrical terminal is connected at the second end. A capacitor engages and extends between the first and second terminals in the internal chamber. A sparkgap is electrically parallel the capacitor between the first and second terminals. A cartridge with an explosive charge is positioned in the internal chamber, and the cartridge is electrically parallel the capacitor and electrically in series with the sparkgap.

Abstract: A disconnector assembly is provided for an arrester. A non-conductive housing has first and second opposite ends separated by an internal chamber. A first electrical terminal is connected at the first end. A second electrical terminal is connected at the second end. A capacitor engages and extends between the first and second terminals in the internal chamber. A sparkgap is electrically parallel the capacitor between the first and second terminals. A cartridge with an explosive charge is positioned in the internal chamber, and the cartridge is electrically parallel the capacitor and electrically in series with the sparkgap.

Abstract: A disconnector assembly is provided for an arrester. A non-conductive housing has first and second opposite ends separated by an internal chamber. A first electrical terminal is connected at the first end. A second electrical terminal is connected at the second end. A capacitor assembly engages and extends between the first and second terminals in the internal chamber. The capacitor assembly includes a capacitor and a resistor electrically connected in series. A sparkgap is electrically parallel the capacitor assembly between the first and second terminals. A cartridge with an explosive charge is positioned in the internal chamber, and the cartridge is electrically parallel to the capacitor assembly and electrically in series with the spark gap.

Abstract: The gas insulated electrical gear includes at least one tank which is filled with a dielectric, gas and which is provided with a rupture disk which ruptures in the event of the dielectric gas in the tank reaching an excessive pressure so as to allow the gas to be exhausted from the tank. The rupture disk is protected against attack from the environment outside the tank by being placed inside the enclosed cabinet having an atmosphere in which temperature and humidity are controlled. The cabinet can be the low voltage and/or mechanical control supporting cabinet fitted to the electrical gear.

Abstract: In a high-voltage power breaker having an interrupter unit which is enclosed, with a gap, by a gas-tight housing (16) filled with quenching gas, the interrupter unit has two arcing contacts (1,2) between which an arc produced during disconnection is blown by means of a blowing device (5) with a quenching gas which afterwards at least partially flows away in the axial direction of the arcing contacts (1,2). In this case, the invention provides for a flow deflection device (9,10,11), which is not the same as the blowing device (5) and which deflects the quenching gas flow radially outward through more than 90°, to be provided in the outlet-flow area of the quenching gas.

Abstract: An arc suppression system is provided which includes a waveguide run for carrying microwave energy, a sensing device, such as a photodetector, for sensing an arc within the waveguide run, and a blowing device for blowing a gas, such as compressed air, into the waveguide run, in response to a sensed arc, to suppress the sensed arc.

Abstract: An arc suppression system is provided which includes a waveguide run for carrying microwave energy, a sensing device, such as a photodetector, for sensing an arc within the waveguide run, and a blowing device for blowing a gas, such as compressed air, into the waveguide run, in response to a sensed arc, to suppress the sensed arc.

Abstract: The present invention includes an integrated circuit switch including a membrane supported over a first conductor on a substrate, a conductive region on the membrane and connecting to the first conductor on the substrate, a pulldown electrode on the substrate and under the membrane and a pillar to support the membrane after the pulldown threshold has been reached. A voltage greater than a pulldown threshold is applied between the membrane and the pulldown electrode will pull the membrane down to make a capacitive coupling to the first conductor. The addition of the pillars increases the upward restoring force when the activation voltage is removed.

Abstract: The gas insulated electrical gear comprises at least one tank which is filled with a dielectric gas and which is provided with a rupture disk which ruptures in the event of the dielectric gas in the tank reaching an excessive pressure so as to allow the gas to be exhausted from the tank. The rupture disk is protected against attack from the environment outside the tank by being placed inside the enclosed cabinet having an atmosphere in which temperature and humidity are controlled. The cabinet can be the low voltage and/or mechanical control supporting cabinet fitted to said electrical gear.

Abstract: In order to optimize the so-called light-dark effect, i.e., the difference in ignition voltage between the first and second ignition after dark storage in gas-filled discharge paths, an additional component made of an oxide compound of cesium and a transition metal such as tungsten, chromium, niobium, vanadium or molybdenum is added in a quantity of 5 to 25% by weight to the activating compound which is comprised of several components. The other components of the activating compound include a barium compound and a transition metal in metallic form such as titanium, and an alkaline halide or an alkaline earth halide and/or sodium silicate and/or potassium silicate as a basic component.

Abstract: The high-voltage circuit breaker with gas insulation is equipped with a device for gas-blast and blowout of the arc generated between the stationary arcing contact and the movable arcing contact when the current is interrupted. Downstream from the blowout nozzle there is located a cooling tube provided with several holes for flow of the gas placed on the outlet path of the hot gas generated by the arc. When the hot gas flows in the cooling tube, the gas pressure difference at the level of the outlet holes causes cool gas to be sucked into the tube and gives rise to a mixture of the hot and cold gases. The gas outlet to the outside of the cooling tube is sufficiently cooled to ensure the dielectric characteristics of the circuit breaker.

Abstract: A spark gap for use in the power supply of medium voltage and low voltage networks, wherein two rotationally symmetric electrodes are arranged in a housing and an arc space is provided between the two electrodes for the arc which is formed in the event of a spark-over and its follow-on current. The two electrodes are arranged in the direction of the longitudinal center axis of the spark gap one behind the other and at a distance from each other. A disk of an electrically insulating material is positioned perpendicularly of the longitudinal center axis so as to electrically separate the two electrodes from each other. The insulating disk has an opening adapted to the hollow cylindrical inner space forming the spark-over place for the arc. The arc space includes a rotationally symmetric arc chamber arranged concentrically with the longitudinal center axis for the follow-on current. The arc chamber is positioned between the two electrodes.

Abstract: A fault indicator for a surge arrester includes an explosive cartridge which is detonated by a fault condition of an attached surge arrester to remove a covering which exposes colored, reflective tape to provide a visual indication of the faulted condition of the surge arrester.

Abstract: A spark gap switch having a contaminate removal system using an injected gas. An annular plate concentric with an electrode of the switch defines flow paths for the injected gas which form a strong spiral flow of the gas in the housing which is effective to remove contaminates from the switch surfaces. The gas along with the contaminates is exhausted from the housing through one of the ends of the switch.

Abstract: A disconnector for lightning arresters is provided that incorporates a gas cylinder with a dielectric gas such as carbon dioxide which will be released upon an excess current and result in the extinguishing of the arc in the disconnector spark gap prior to danger of shattering of the arrester housing.

Abstract: A grounded cylindrical metallic housing is hermetically closed at one end and an electric insulation hermetically extends through the other closed end of the housing to form in the housing a space filled with an electrically insulating gas. An arrester element disposed in the space has the incoming-line side connected to a terminal extended and sealed through the insulation and the ground side electrically connected to the housing. The incoming-line side of the arrester element is surrounded by both the insulation and a shield ring embedded therein.

Abstract: This invention provides a surge absorber for absorbing surges of electric current. The absorber has a metal oxide varistor hermetically sealed in a hollow insulator by a top and a lower electrical terminal and also has a conductive rod extending substantially downwardly and electrically connected to ground and to the lower electrical terminal by solder and also thermally connected to the metal oxide varistor whereby when the varistor is heated by a surge of an electric current therethrough to a temperature to heat the solder above the melting point of the solder, said conductive rod gets separated from the lower electrical terminal to fall downwardly, thereby stopping the electric current through the metal oxide varistor to ground.