Abstract: An arrester assembly including a first terminal electrically connected to an energized conductor and a second terminal electrically connected to a ground conductor. The arrester assembly further includes a plurality of arrester modules electrically connected in series between the first terminal and the second terminal and a disconnect device electrically connected in series with the plurality of arrester modules between the first terminal and the second terminal. Components of the arrester assembly are coordinated to disconnect or isolate failed surge arresters without creating a short circuit condition.

Abstract: An adapter for an energy meter, has a voltage converter, at least two first electrical terminals for connecting to respective conductors of a power network and at least two second electrical terminals to which an energy meter can be electrically connected. The voltage converter is electrically connected to the at least two first electrical terminals and the at least two second terminals and converts a first voltage, which can be applied to the at least two first electrical terminals, into a lower second voltage that is applied to the at least two second electrical terminals, where the voltage ratio between the first and the second voltage is predetermined and can be stored in an energy meter. There is a first distance between the at least two first electrical terminals that is greater than a second distance between the at least two second electrical terminals.

Abstract: A voltage transient detector includes circuitry for transmitting electrical current through a light emitting diode and a fuse that is serially connected between the light emitting diode and a reference potential, such that the light emitting diode is illuminated when the fuse is not blown. The voltage transient detector also includes circuitry for transmitting a controlled amount of electrical current through the fuse in conjunction with an occurrence of a voltage transient at a voltage measurement location, where the voltage transient exceeds a set transient threshold voltage. The controlled amount of electrical current transmitted through the fuse causing the fuse to blow and the light emitting diode to turn off, thereby indicating occurrence of the voltage transient at the voltage measurement location.

Abstract: Provided in the present utility model is a flameproof surge protector, including: a surge protector main body, a flameproof enclosure, a flameproof stopper plug, and a flameproof cable gland. One end of the flameproof enclosure is connected to the flameproof stopper plug, and the other end thereof is connected to the flameproof cable gland. The surge protector main body has an elongated shape and is disposed inside the flameproof enclosure, and a cable is drawn out of the surge protector main body by means of the flameproof cable gland. The flameproof surge protector provided by the present utility model has a simple structure and small size, can be used easily and installed inside an explosion-proof lamp, further protects a circuit inside the lamp, prevents the circuit from being damaged by surges, and is safe and reliable.

Abstract: A spark gap assembly that includes a first spark gap segment and a second spark gap segment electrically connected in series with the first spark gap segment. The first spark gap includes a first spark gap and a first grading circuit electrically connected in parallel with the first spark gap. The second spark gap segment includes a second spark gap and a second grading circuit electrically connected in parallel with the second spark gap.

Abstract: The present invention discloses an automatic tripping and anti-falling lightning arrester which includes an insulator main body, a lightning arrester body and an anti-falling member, wherein the insulator main body with a sealed cylinder structure, and a magnet adsorption surface inside the insulator main body; the lightning arrester body has a disconnection unit and a lightning arresting core respectively arranged from top to bottom, and the lightning arrester body is located inside the insulator main body, the disconnection unit includes a magnetic tripping module wherein a magnet is provided, and wherein the disconnection unit is adsorbed onto the magnet adsorption surface, wherein aging of the lightning arresting core results in a thermal effect inside the magnetic tripping module, which makes the disconnection unit disconnected from the magnet adsorption surface, and wherein the anti-falling member is provided on the insulator main body.

Abstract: A monitoring arrangement for electrical equipment includes a first sensor for sensing a surface creeping current on a creeping path-lengthening electrically insulating housing of the equipment. A monitoring system includes electrical equipment, the monitoring arrangement, a communication device for transmitting data to a central server device, and a central server device configured to receive and evaluate the data.

Abstract: The present disclosure is directed to a method of producing a surge arrestor module, comprising the acts of (i) providing a plurality of MOV blocks arranged in a stack, (ii) applying an epoxy-reinforced structural layer to an outer surface of the stack, (iii) after the applying, inserting the stack into a flexible bladder, and (iv) curing the epoxy-reinforced structural layer with elevated temperatures while the flexible bladder applies radially aligned pressure to the stack and a tool applies axially aligned pressure to the stack. The present disclosure also includes an apparatus for performing the methods described herein. The apparatus includes an outer case structure and a flexible bladder that fits within the outer case structure. A hollow inner region of the outer case structure is pressurized to force the flexible bladder against the surge arrestor module as the surge arrestor module is curing.

Abstract: A module for a fire-mitigating surge arrester includes: an inner arrester module including an electrically conductive assembly; a cartridge including a first end, a second end, a sidewall that extends between the first end and the second end, and an exhaust region in the sidewall, the sidewall surrounding the inner arrester module; a first electrical component in contact with a first end of the electrically conductive assembly and the first end of the cartridge; a second electrical component in contact with a second end of the electrically conductive assembly and the second end of the cartridge; and a reinforcement structure on the sidewall, the first electrical component, and the second electrical component.

Abstract: The invention relates to an assembled electrical cable (1). The cable (1) has a cooling channel (2) extending along the center axis (M) of the cable (1) and at least one inner conductor (4) extending along the outer surface of the cooling channel (2). The cable (1) furthermore has a cable sheath (7) guiding the inner conductor (4) and the cooling channel (2) within itself and a contact element (9) for an electrical plug connector (10), wherein the contact element (9) is electrically and mechanically connected to at least one portion of the inner conductor (4) exposed from the cable sheath (7). According to the invention, the inner conductor (4) is integrally joined to the contact element (9) or is compacted in a planar manner in order to form the contact element (9).

Abstract: A system for monitoring power flow at a premises can include a smart meter that measures coarse power flow data for the premises. The coarse power flow data characterizes power consumption and/or power generation. The system can also include a power data recorder having a first transceiver that communicates with the smart meter via a first protocol. The power data recorder can have a second transceiver that communicates with a node on a data mesh network via a second protocol. The smart meter transmits the coarse power flow data to a node on a meter mesh network in response to polling for the coarse power flow data, and the smart meter transmits the coarse power flow data to the power data recorder via the first protocol in response to detecting a fault condition or after a time interval has expired. The power data recorder encapsulates the coarse power flow data.

Abstract: In one aspect, the application provides an electrical system including a conductor, a ground, an arrester electrically connected to the conductor, and a disconnector assembly electrically connected between the arrester and the ground. The disconnector assembly includes an isolator configured to perform an operating function in response to the occurrence of an event and a housing configured to surround the isolator. The isolator includes a first terminal electrically connected to the arrester by a first wire and a second terminal electrically connected to the ground by a second wire. The housing includes a first opening through which the first terminal extends, a second opening through which the second terminal extends, and a retention mechanism configured to hold the isolator in place relative to the arrester.

Abstract: A surge arrestor includes an active part extending along a longitudinal direction of the surge arrester, a first electrode having a first interlocking part, a second electrode resting against a second end of the active part, a flexible insulating housing, and a second interlocking part formed on an inner surface of the flexible insulating housing. The flexible insulating housing includes: a support member mechanically connecting and supporting the assembly of the first electrode, the active part and the second electrode, which has a plurality of supporting elements being arranged parallel to the longitudinal direction of the surge arrester and being arranged laterally at sides of the assembly of the first electrode, the active part and the second electrode, and an insulating expandable part with a plurality of sheds extending outwards, being moulded around the support member and being spaced apart from the assembly.

Abstract: An apparatus includes a laminated bus bar assembly with first and second bus bars and an intervening insulator layer. A surge arrestor (e.g., a metal oxide varistor) has a body mounted on the bus bar assembly and first and second terminals on first and second opposite sides of the body. In some embodiments, the body may be at least partially disposed in an opening in the first bus bar and the second terminal may be conductively bonded to a surface of the second bus bar that faces the insulator layer. In some embodiments, the second terminal may include a conductive stud passing through an opening in the second bus bar. The apparatus may include a spring clamp attached to the first bus bar and contacting the first side of the body to retain the body.

Abstract: An insulator arrangement for an overhead line includes a suspension insulator for securing an overhead line to a tower and a line arrester arrangement which is disposed electrically parallel to the suspension insulator. The line arrester arrangement has a surge arrester, which is electrically connected to ground or earth potential, and a spark gap, which is connected to the surge arrester in series and which includes a first spark electrode connected to the overhead line and a second spark electrode connected to the surge arrester. The line arrester arrangement has an assembly or mounting insulator which can be secured to the overhead line. The first spark electrode is secured to a first securing device at a first end of the assembly or mounting insulator, and the second spark electrode is secured to a second securing device at a second end of the assembly or mounting insulator.

Abstract: An oil-oil bushing is disclosed which can include a rotationally symmetrical, paraboloid-like, hollow bushing element of a solid insulating material, along the axial extent of which there is formed radially toward the inside a tubular bushing channel, the wall thickness of which is tapered conically toward at least one of its two ends. An electrical bushing conductor can be fitted into the bushing channel with a form fit and protrude from it on both sides. At at least one of the two axial ends of the bushing channel there is arranged a hollow-cylindrical shielding element of a conductive material, which is thick-walled at least in certain regions, which element can enclose on one side a respective end of the bushing channel, and on another side, electrically contact a connecting conductor.

Abstract: A device of protection against transient electrical overvoltages, including two voltage-limiting passive components, disconnectors sensitive to the state of these components and adapted to individually disconnect each end of life component therefrom, the components are joined in parallel between a first and a second terminal of the device, where the reference voltage of the first component is inferior to the reference voltage of the second component.

Abstract: A triggering circuit of an overvoltage protection device with an asymmetric element, specified for actuating a spark gap in symmetric or asymmetric arrangement of main electrode I, connected to input terminal I, of main electrode II, connected to input terminal II, and the auxiliary electrode, includes main electrode I of the spark gap, which is connected via a thermo-sensitive disconnector, and also via a parallel combination of varistor II and capacitor I to electrode I of the asymmetric three-pole lightning arrester, whose middle electrode is connected via the primary winding of the transformer to main electrode II of the spark gap, whose auxiliary electrode is connected via varistor I to electrode II of the asymmetric three-pole lightning arrester, which is connected via the secondary winding of the transformer to main electrode II of the spark gap, and at the same time, the thermo-sensitive disconnector is coupled via the thermal coupling with varistor II and, at the same time, the voltage at the asymmet

Abstract: Exemplary embodiments are directed to a device with overvoltage protection that includes a varistor which can be connected by a first connection via a first line to high-voltage potential in a circuit arrangement, while a second connection is connected to ground via a second line. Furthermore, an additional impedance is provided, which can be connected between the second connection and ground or the first connection and the high voltage, or is mounted fixed in this position. The corresponding line can be interrupted by a switching arrangement. In order to test the withstand voltage of the circuit arrangement, at least one of the first and second line is interrupted and an additional impedance is inserted. A test voltage is applied to the circuit arrangement. After the overvoltage test, the interruption in at least one of the first and second lines is removed again.

Abstract: A surge arrester has a collar for fixing tensioning elements. The collar is extendable and is capable of absorbing released energy in the event of a fault and holding together the cage containing the tensioning elements. The collar, which fixes the tensioning elements in the radial direction, is positioned around the cage of the surge arrester formed from the tensioning elements. The form of the collar is such that it has defined deformation regions, with the result that the collar can expand and thus widen in the event of a force effect in the radial direction. If the varistor elements expand in the manner of an explosion during an overload, the collar is expanded and absorbs some of the released energy. This ensures that the cage is held together in the event of an overload and thus no fragments of the varistor elements can be flung out of the cage.

Abstract: A gap assembly for a arrester includes a spark gap assembly and an MOV block disposed electrically in series with the spark gap assembly. The spark gap assembly includes a resistor, a capacitor disposed electrically in series with the resistor and a spark gap disposed electrically parallel to the resistor and to the capacitor.

Abstract: A plurality of insulating rods are placed at peripheries of the nonlinear resistor and the metal plates, and each having an upper end portion and a lower end portion inserted into holes formed in the electrodes. A spacer is placed between an inner peripheral surface of the hole and an outer peripheral surface of the insulating rod inside the hole of the electrode, and a fixing screw is attached to the hole of the electrode. A double-ended bolt couples the metal plate and the electrode together. The double-ended bolt has a first screw part and a second screw part opposite in a fastening direction to the first screw part which are provided on a same axis. The first screw part is attached to the metal plate, and the second screw part is attached to the electrode.

Abstract: An exemplary surge arrester includes a housing with protection against electric shock. A voltage-limiting active part is arranged in the housing and has a stack of varistor elements formed as a varistor column. An electrical connection is arranged outside the housing and is electrically conductively connected to the varistor column for connecting a high-voltage installation. The electrically conductive connection between the varistor column and the electrical connection is a flexible high-voltage cable conductor. The high-voltage cable has a first section arranged in the interior of the housing and formed without a shield, and a second section arranged outside the housing and having cable insulation and an electrically conductive shield that surrounds the cable conductor. The high voltage cable is electrically conductively connectable first to the housing and second to an encapsulation.

Abstract: An electrical insulator including: a first connector of an electrically conducting material; a second connector of an electrically conducting material; and an electrically insulating material being arranged between the first connector and the second connector, insulating the connectors from each other; wherein a part of the first connector extends past a part of the second connector, partly enveloping part of the second connector. The invention also relates to a surge arrester arrangement, to a use of an electrical insulator for insulating a surge arrester, and to a method for production of such an electrical insulator.

Abstract: An arrester includes a stacked internal element, a pair of electrodes respectively arranged on both sides of the internal element in a stacking direction, a plurality of FRP rods arranged so as to surround the internal element each having a flat plate shape extending in the stacking direction and including protruding portions in a dumbbell shape with a width increasing from a center side to an end side in an axial direction at a constant inclination angle and then becoming a constant width thereafter, the FRP rods being fixed by the protruding portions respectively being fitted into electrode grooves respectively provided on the electrodes, and an outer cover formed of polymer material and integrally covering at least the internal element, the electrodes, and the FRP rods.

Abstract: An electronic protection component comprises an outer case bounding an outer cavity therein; a varistor with a first varistor lead connected to a first varistor electrode and a second varistor lead connected to a second varistor electrode, wherein the varistor is placed in the outer cavity; a low melting point alloy wire with a first thermal fuse lead in one end and a second thermal fuse lead in the other end; wherein either the first thermal fuse lead or the second fuse lead is connected to either the first varistor electrode or the second varistor electrode therefore forming a lead junction.

Abstract: An elbow arrester with a T-body is disclosed capable of coupling with an apparatus for protection from transient over voltage, and coupling with additional cable accessories, without having to loosen the initial connection with the coupled apparatus. The elbow body of the T-body arrester has a first portion, and a second portion protruding from an intermediate section of the first portion to define a T-body. A receiving feature is located within the first portion extending towards a first end, while a male feature is coupled to a second end of the first portion, opposite from the receiving feature. A coupling fastener is integrally molded into the first portion, providing for an apparatus coupled to the coupling fastener to be decoupled without loosening the connection of another apparatus connected to the T-Body elbow. Further, decoupling the other apparatus does not loosen the apparatus coupled to the coupling fastener.

Abstract: A voltage suppression device for suppressing voltage surges in an electrical circuit having a voltage sensitive assembly comprised of a plurality of tubular sections within a tubular casing.

Abstract: An electronic protection component incorporates both a varistor and an alloy-type thermal fuse. In one embodiment, a melting promoting agent or flux contacts and surrounds both the varistor and the fuse in common in a shared cavity of a case. In another embodiment, the fuse and the flux are disposed in an inner case, which is disposed in contact with the varistor in an outer case. Thus, the varistor and the thermal fuse are incorporated so that the speed of heat transfer is fast, the response time is fast, and the installation for use is convenient.

Abstract: A surge protection element includes a contact stud and a contact element disposed at a distance from the contact stud. A connection element is configured to be transferred into a first position, in which the connection element is applied to the contact stud and to the contact element so as to electrically connect the contact stud to the contact element, and into a second position, in which the connection element is disposed at a distance from the contact stud and the contact element. In the first position, the connection element engages at least partially around at least one of the contact stud and the contact element and a thermally separable connection is provided between the connection element and the contact stud and between the connection element and the contact element.

Abstract: To include a serial member, a pair of first electrodes sandwiching the serial member, a pair of second electrodes arranged on both outer sides of the first electrodes in a stacking direction, a plurality of insulating clamp members, and a wedge-shaped member tapered in the stacking direction. An annular member that presses the wedge-shaped member is provided on an axial-direction inner end surface of an outer circumferential edge of the second electrode, and the wedge-shaped member is pressed by the annular member by a leading edge portion of a bolt inserted from an axial-direction inner end surface of the annular member being tightened in the second electrode, thereby pressing an axial-direction outer surface of the insulating clamp member.

Abstract: A high voltage surge arrester, including a varistor element arranged so as to be connected to a high voltage source and to carry a high voltage when being positioned in its operative position, and an electric insulator that encloses and is in contact with the varistor element and forms an outer surface of the apparatus, wherein the electric insulator includes a silicone-based rubber. The silicone based rubber includes particles chosen from the group consisting of Al2O3, BN and ZnO, to such an extent that the thermal conductivity of the silicone-based rubber is equal to or above 0.8 W/mK.

Abstract: An arrester for preventing an insulator supporting a power line from experiencing an electrical flashover comprises an electrode, a varistor, and a separating device. The electrode is spaced apart from the power line or a conductor that is electrically tied to the power line so as to define an external gap therebetween. The separating device, in turn, comprises two portions operative to separate from one another when the varistor experiences an electrical condition sufficient to cause the varistor to fail. The electrode, the external gap, the separating device, and the varistor are arranged in electrical series with one another and in electrical parallel with the insulator.

Abstract: A surge protection apparatus is provided. The surge protection apparatus includes a non-linear element unit, a signal generation unit, and a switching element unit. The non-linear element unit enables an electrical surge to pass therethrough by rapidly decreasing resistance of the non-linear element unit when the difference in voltage between two ends of the non-linear element unit is equal to or greater than a predetermined value. The signal generation unit generates a control signal in response to current which passes through the non-linear element unit. The switching element unit switches the status thereof in response to the control signal.

Abstract: The present invention provides an electrostatic discharge protector capable of protecting electronic circuit boards having various designs from electrostatic discharge freely, simply and easily. The electrostatic discharge protector of the present invention comprises at least three conductive members containing one pair of electrodes and the conductive members other than the electrodes, the conductive members are each disposed in such a way that the gap between one conductive member and the other conductive member has a width of 0.1 to 10 ?m, an insulating member is disposed and embedded in at least one of gaps having a width of 0.1 to 10 ?m which are adjacent to each conductive member and one electrode is connected to the other electrode paired with the one electrode through the insulating member and the conductive members other than electrodes.

Abstract: To include a serial member, a pair of first electrodes sandwiching the serial member, a pair of second electrodes arranged on both outer sides of the first electrodes in a stacking direction, a plurality of insulating clamp members, and a wedge-shaped member tapered in the stacking direction. An annular member that presses the wedge-shaped member is provided on an axial-direction inner end surface of an outer circumferential edge of the second electrode, and the wedge-shaped member is pressed by the annular member by a leading edge portion of a bolt inserted from an axial-direction inner end surface of the annular member being tightened in the second electrode, thereby pressing an axial-direction outer surface of the insulating clamp member.

Abstract: A plurality of insulating rods are placed at peripheries of the nonlinear resistor and the metal plates, and each having an upper end portion and a lower end portion inserted into holes formed in the electrodes. A spacer is placed between an inner peripheral surface of the hole and an outer peripheral surface of the insulating rod inside the hole of the electrode, and a fixing screw is attached to the hole of the electrode. A double-ended bolt couples the metal plate and the electrode together. The double-ended bolt has a first screw part and a second screw part opposite in a fastening direction to the first screw part which are provided on a same axis. The first screw part is attached to the metal plate, and the second screw part is attached to the electrode.

Abstract: A surge arrester has a varistor element. A first and a second armature body are pressed against the varistor element by way of a bracing device. At least one of the armature bodies has a shoulder on which a cross-member of the bracing device is supported. A tensioning leg is fitted to the cross-member.

Abstract: An ESD protection device includes a ceramic multilayer substrate including a plurality of laminated insulating layers, an external electrode, at least one of an in-plane connecting conductor and an interlayer connecting conductor, and a mixture portion. The mixture portion is provided along a principal surface of one of the insulating layers and includes a dispersed material including at least one of metal and semiconductor; metal and ceramic; metal, semiconductor, and ceramic; semiconductor and ceramic; semiconductor; metal coated with an inorganic material; metal coated with an inorganic material and semiconductor; metal coated with an inorganic material and ceramic; and metal coated with an inorganic material, semiconductor, and ceramic. The mixture portion is connected to the external electrode and at least one of the in-plane connecting conductor and the interlayer connecting conductor.

Abstract: An overvoltage protection element with a housing, at least one overvoltage limiting component in the housing, especially a varistor, and two connecting elements for electrically connecting the overvoltage protection element to a current or signal path in a normal state, the connecting elements being in electrically conductive contact with a respective pole of the overvoltage limiting component. In the normal state of the overvoltage protection element, at least one pole is connected to a connecting element via a plug-and-socket connection, and at least one spring is located between the housing and the overvoltage limiting component such that, when the overvoltage limiting component is thermally overloaded, it is turned by the spring separating the at least one pole from the assigned connecting element, and creating a thermally separating connection between the overvoltage limiting component and the housing when the temperature of the overvoltage limiting component exceeds a given boundary temperature.

Abstract: An overvoltage protection element having at least one overvoltage limiting component in a housing, terminal contacts for electrical connection of the overvoltage protection element to a path to be protected, an electrically conductive connecting element and with a spring system acting on the connecting element, a first terminal contact being directly connected with the first pole of the overvoltage limiting component, the connecting element being in electrically conductive contact with the second terminal contact and the second pole of the overvoltage limiting component via a thermally separating connection. With the thermal connection separated, the connecting element moves out of electrically conductive contact with the second terminal contact and the second pole of the overvoltage limiting component by the force of the spring system an insulating disconnecting element connected to the connecting element is moved between the second terminal contact and the second pole of the overvoltage limiting component.

Abstract: Without providing mechanical processed portions on a plurality of insulating rods arranged around zinc oxide elements, tightening pieces are respectively attached on both end portions of the insulating rod by being tightened. The tightening piece is arranged while being sandwiched by an electrode and a mounting plate, and the electrode and the mounting plate are fastened by a bolt in an axial direction of the insulating rod. With this configuration, the tightening piece is solidly fixed to the electrode by an axial force of the bolt.

Abstract: The invention relates to a surge arrester having at least one varistor block 1, one end fitting 3, one reinforcing element 9 which holds the varistor block 1 firmly on the end fitting 3 with a tensile load, and at least one anchoring element 27 which holds the reinforcing element 9 firmly on the end fitting 3 with a tensile load wherein the anchoring element 27 has at least one edge 29 which cuts into the reinforcing element 9. The anchoring element 27 is preferably a cutting-ring screw union.

Abstract: An ESD protection device is constructed such that its ESD characteristics are easily adjusted and stabilized and degradation of discharge characteristics caused by repetitive discharges is reliably prevented. The ESD protection device includes an insulating substrate, a cavity provided in the insulating substrate, at least a pair of discharge electrodes including exposed portions arranged to face each other and to be exposed in the cavity, external electrodes provided on a surface of the insulating substrate and connected to the discharge electrodes, and a conductive material dispersed along at least a portion of an inner circumferential surface which defines the cavity between the exposed portions of the discharge electrodes, the conductive material including an anchor portion embedded in the insulating substrate.

Abstract: An ESD protection device that has low capacitance, excellent discharge characteristics, and improved heat resistance and weather resistance is provided. A functional layer 31, which is a composite having a conductive inorganic material 33 discretely dispersed in a matrix of an insulating inorganic material 32, is disposed between electrodes 21 and 22 disposed on an insulating substrate 11 and facing but spaced apart from each other.

Abstract: An exemplary varistor is disclosed which includes at least two poles; a non-linear block; a conductive plate arranged on a main face of the block and having a protruding portion forming one of the poles; and an electrically insulating coating applied to the main face of the block. The part forming the connection pole emerges from the electrically insulating coating and has a braze surface extending above the electrically insulating coating; and the protruding part forming the connection pole is connected to the rest of the plate over at least half of the perimeter thereof.

Abstract: An overvoltage protection element with a housing, with at least one overvoltage limiting component which is located in the housing, especially a varistor, with two terminal lugs which are each connected to a respective pole of the overvoltage limiting component in an electrically conductive manner, especially soldered or welded, and with two connecting elements for electrical connection of the overvoltage protection element to the current path or signal path to be protected. In the normal state of the overvoltage protection element, the connecting elements are each in electrically conductive contact with a respective terminal lug. The overvoltage protection element can be produced especially easily and economically by the first terminal lug and the first connecting element being integrally connected to one another and by the free end of the first connecting element which faces away from the overvoltage limiting component being made as a plug-in contact.

Abstract: A transient voltage suppression device includes a dielectric layer defining a receptacle for a variable impedance material proximate a gapped electrode. Methods for manufacturing the device and for formulating a variable voltage material at lower cost and with higher manufacturing yields is also provided.

Abstract: Surge arrester with a module 1, 3, 9, 25, which comprises a stack of varistor blocks 1, two end armatures, between which the stack of varistor blocks 1 is held, a plurality of reinforcing elements 9, which extend between the end armatures 3 and are fixed to said end armatures, the reinforcing elements 9 surrounding the stack of varistor blocks, and at least one stabilizing disc 25, which is arranged between two varistor blocks 1 in the stack and guides the at least one reinforcing element 9, and with an outer housing 5 with screens, in which outer housing the module is at least partially accommodated. In the case of the surge arrester according to the invention, the outer housing is designed in such a way that the module is accommodated without any gas, liquid or volumes or cavities therebetween. Furthermore, each of the stabilizing discs 25 is arranged in the region of one of the screens 7.

Abstract: A resistor includes a ceramic body, metal electrodes on sides of the ceramic body, each of which is connected to an electrode lead, and an insulating layer contacting a metal electrode among the metal electrodes. The insulating layer is meltable in response to heat. A conductive connector contacts the insulating layer above the metal electrode and is configured to short the metal electrodes when the insulating layer melts.