Abstract: A varistor includes a ceramic base body having a surface. The varistor also includes an insulating layer on at least a portion of the surface of the ceramic base body. The insulating layer includes a base glass and filler. The filler includes 3Al2O32SiO2.

Abstract: A surge arrester for medium and high voltages includes a length adjustment device and pivot unit.

Abstract: An electrical assembly having an elongated electrical component, such as a surge arrester, coupled to a grading device for distributing an electric field along the electrical component during operation. The grading device includes a grading body and a means for securing the grading body to the electrical component. The grading body, the securing means, or both include semi-conductive materials. The semi-conductive materials can be nonmetallic. The grading device has improved flashover resistance over conventional metal grading devices.

Abstract: An overvoltage protection element (1) includes a housing (2), two terminals (3, 4) for electrical connection of the overvoltage protection element (1) to current or signal paths to be protected, and an arrester (5, 6), including a varistor, located within the housing (2). In addition to providing a simple structure and installation, the overvoltage protection element (1) is especially well adapted to thermal and dynamic loads, so that no damage to the overvoltage protection element (1) occurs to the outside, wherein the housing (2) includes two metal shells (7, 8) electrically connected to a terminal region (9, 10) of the arrester (5, 6).

Abstract: An electrical module assembly used in a surge arrester is manufactured by wrapping an electrical module assembly including at least one metal oxide varistor (MOV) disk to which a reinforcing structure including a pre-impregnated epoxy/glass-fiber composite has been applied with shrink film and compacting the wrapped electrical module assembly by heating the shrink film such that the shrink film shrinks and applies a radially compressive force to the electrical module assembly. The wrapped electrical module assembly then is cured at a temperature at which the shrink film no longer applies a compressive force.

Abstract: A pair of electrodes sandwiches a serial unit that includes a nonlinear voltage resistor block and a compression spring, which is coupled by a plurality of insulating rods. Each of the electrodes has a plurality of insulating-rod inserting holes and a plurality of fastening-member mounting holes each perpendicular to a corresponding insulating-rod inserting hole. Both ends of each of the insulating rods have a fastening-member through hole such that the insulating rods and the electrodes are fastened by inserting a plurality of fastening members through the fastening-member and mounting the fastening members on the fastening-member mounting holes.

Abstract: The invention relates to a surge arrester having at least one varistor block; two end fittings; one reinforcing element which holds the varistor block under tension at the end fittings and at least one anchoring element, which holds the reinforcing element in a hole through at least one of the end fittings. The reinforcing element is preferable a wedge which splits the reinforcing element and braces with the outer walls of the through-hole. Alternatively, two or more glass-fiber-reinforced reinforcing elements are held in a through-hole, and a wedge between these reinforcing elements ensures that the reinforcing elements are held with a force fit in the end fitting in the area of the through-hole.

Abstract: A plurality of insulation supports are provided around a zinc oxide component, and the zinc oxide component and a plurality of insulation supports are integrally molded into an insulation casing. The insulation casing has corrugations on its outer surface. A thin-thickness portion is provided between the corrugations. The thin-thickness portion is provided between the insulation supports.

Abstract: A method of converting atmospheric electrical discharge to a useable form of energy by arresting, storage and retransmission of lightning induced electrical discharge is disclosed. The invention discloses methods of deploying this technology even in isolated locations where no electricity infrastructure exists. Additionally, the potential for achieving in excess of 1 GWe of electrical power supply at costs orders of magnitude lower than fossil fuel or solar is also disclosed. Isolated collection units are disclosed. A method of deployment of these devices on individual cars and recharge stations is disclosed which in effect unplugs these automotive and recharge stations from the grid. This capability significantly decreases their dependence on the electricity grid infrastructure, enabling a much more enhanced rollout capability for the industry. The concept of Energy Dams is disclosed.

Abstract: Embodiments of the present invention include a T-body elbow arrestor having an elbow body. A surge arrestor is positioned in one portion of the elbow body extending from an intermediate portion of another portion of the elbow body. An end cap assembly is coupled to the elbow body that is electrically connected to the surge arrestor. A bushing receiving region is positioned in the elbow body extending from the intermediate section towards a first end of the elbow body that is configured to receive a bushing. An insulating plug is positioned in the elbow body extending from the intermediate section towards a second, opposite end of the elbow body. The insulating plug has an end in the intermediate section configured to be coupled to the bushing to secure the T-body elbow arrestor in an assembled condition.

Abstract: The invention relates to a surge arrester having a cage design, and to a method for its production. According to the invention, during extrusion-coating or encapsulation of a module comprising two end fittings (3) and a plurality of varistor blocks (1) and at least one reinforcing element (9) in order to form the outer housing (5), first through-holes (11) for the reinforcing element (9) thereof are sealed with silicone. For this purpose, second through-holes (15) are provided in the end fittings (3), through which the silicone runs during casting or spraying, and enters the through-holes (11) from the outside, in order in this way to seal them against water and moisture.

Abstract: Electrostatic discharge protection, also known as ESD protection, is provided in the form of a discrete array with a voltage variable material (VVM) or a VVM device. The array is fabricated with a common electrode for connection to ground, and one or more electrodes configured for connection to an electrical component. The electrical component is a connector attached to an electrical circuit containing devices subject to damage by ESD events. The array is placed into a pocket or space on the connector and is held in place mechanically by spring force or by soldering to leads or electrodes of the connector. The array may be soldered to a ground connection or held in place by pressure, such as from a spring or from an outer housing or shell. In some embodiments, the array is removable from the component without affecting component circuits other than removal of ESD protection.

Abstract: A solid-state device for decreasing voltage in medium- and high-voltage circuit comprises energy-dissipating element in the form of a non-linear resistance, mainly a power varistor, a contact system switched in parallel with this element and comprising at least a pair of power contacts, a gate blocking unit on semiconductors, a control block for a gate blocking unit and power contacts. The varistor in chosen for voltage considerably lower than the voltage of electric circuit source, varistor capacity is a calculated for the time determined by operation conditions in this circuit, a pair (pairs) of power contacts and a gate blocking are chosen for operation with voltage drop which is formed at a varistor when load current is flowing through it.

Abstract: The disclosure relates to an overvoltage protection means containing ZnO microvaristor particles for protecting electrical elements and a method to produce the means. Single microvaristor particles are placed in an arrangement having a monolayer thickness and are electrically coupled to the electrical element to protect it against overvoltages. Embodiments, among other things, relate to: 1-dimensional or 2-dimensional arrangements of microvaristor particles; placement of single microvaristors on a carrier; the carrier being planar or string-like, being structured, being a sticky tape, having fixation means for fixing the microvaristors, or having electrical coupling means. The monolayered overvoltage protection means allows very tight integration and high flexibility in shaping and adapting it to the electric or electronic element. Furthermore, reduced capacitance and hence reaction times of overvoltage protection are achieved.

Abstract: A polymer surge arrester has: internal elements including a plurality of disc-shaped nonlinear resistors disposed in a stacked manner, electrodes disposed at both ends of the nonlinear resistors, and a plurality of insulating rods coupling the electrodes; an insulating outer skin formed outside the internal elements by casting an insulating resin; and disc-shaped porous metal plates interposed between at least parts of the nonlinear resistors.

Abstract: A varistor includes a ceramic base body having a surface. The varistor also includes an insulating layer on at least a portion of the surface of the ceramic base body. The insulating layer includes a base glass and filler. The filler includes 3Al2O32SiO2.

Abstract: The present invention teaches an overvoltage protection device that includes at least one non-linear resistance element and a single cut-off device coupled with the at least one non-linear resistance element to disable the at least one non-linear resistance element when the at least one non-linear resistance element reaches a pre-determined temperature. The single cut-off device may include stranded wire, a first solder having a first melting point connecting the stranded wire to the at least one non-linear resistance element, and a second solder having a second melting point, higher than the first melting point, connecting the stranded wire to the at least one non-linear resistance element. The single cut-off device may further include a shifting part that shifts when the at least one non-linear resistance element heats the first solder to the first melting point.

Abstract: A surge absorption circuit according to an embodiment comprises (a) an input terminal, (b) an output terminal, (c) a common terminal, (d) a mutual inductive element having a first inductive element and a second inductive element which are electromagnetically coupled to each other so as to increase each inductance, wherein one terminal of the first inductive element is connected to the input terminal, one terminal of the second inductive element is connected to the output terminal, and the other terminal of the first inductive element and the other terminal of the second inductive element are connected to each other, and (e) a surge absorption element having one terminal connected to the other terminal of the first inductive element and the other terminal of the second inductive element and the other terminal connected to the common terminal.

Abstract: A load disconnecting circuit is disclosed with a housing that has a first housing section, which houses the drive, and has a second housing section, which houses a fixed contact element and a longitudinally extended moving contact element. The second housing section has a longitudinal extension adapted to the moving contact element. Field-control rings are placed on the second housing section while encircling it, of which the first are arranged in the vicinity of the fixed contact element and the second are arranged in the vicinity of the switch-off position of the moving contact element. Via a respective connection conductor, the first field-control ring is connected to the potential of the fixed contact element, and the second field-control ring is connected to the potential of the moving contact element when in its switch-off position.

Abstract: A device for protection against voltage surges, comprising: a first spark gap (E1); a first pre-triggering system (2), electrically connected to the first spark gap (E1), so as to enable its being primed; a control device (4) electrically connected to the first pre-triggering system (2) so as to activate same. The invention is characterized in that it comprises at least a second spark gap (E2) mounted parallel to the first spark gap (E1), and electrically connected to a second pre-triggering system (3), such that the control device simultaneously activates the first and the second pre-triggering systems (2, 3), so as to trigger simultaneously the first and second spark gaps (E1, E2). The invention also concerns devices against voltage surges.

Abstract: Embodiments of the present invention include a T-body elbow arrestor having an elbow body. A surge arrestor is positioned in one portion of the elbow body extending from an intermediate portion of another portion of the elbow body. An end cap assembly is coupled to the elbow body that is electrically connected to the surge arrestor. A bushing receiving region is positioned in the elbow body extending from the intermediate section towards a first end of the elbow body that is configured to receive a bushing. An insulating plug is positioned in the elbow body extending from the intermediate section towards a second, opposite end of the elbow body. The insulating plug has an end in the intermediate section configured to be coupled to the bushing to secure the T-body elbow arrestor in an assembled condition.

Abstract: A surge arrester has a discharge current path. The discharge current path is surrounded by an insulating sleeve. The insulating sleeve has at least one area that is optically transparent.

Abstract: A structure for installing a lightning arrester between the cross arm mounted to the upper end of an electric pole and a power line is disclosed. A dead end clamp, the lightning arrester and an insulation reinforcing insulator are connected in series, an end of the insulation reinforcing insulator is connected to the cross arm by a shackle, a disconnector is connected to the voltage outlet portion of the lightning arrester, a grounding wire for diverting abnormal voltage to the ground is connected to the disconnector, and an insulation cover surrounds the dead end clamp and the voltage inlet portion of the lightning arrester.

Abstract: A housing encapsulating first and second terminals of a surge arrester disconnector becomes structurally weakened before activation of a disconnect device in the disconnector when the disconnector is exposed to heat, thereby preventing the disconnector from producing a projectile with a force sufficient to classify the disconnector as a hazardous material under Department of Transportation regulations.

Abstract: An electrical surge arrester includes an arrester block stack with a plurality of cylindrical surge arrester components arranged substantially coaxially to form a cylindrical stack of components having a longitudinal axis. First and second electrical conductive terminals are disposed at each end of the block stack and electrically coupled to the components. A spacer is disposed between each of the terminals and the plurality of cylindrical surge arrester components. A crimp pin is disposed in each of the metal terminals to plastically deform the terminals to compress the block stack. Rubber sheds can be directly molded around the device.

Abstract: Retainers for movable surge arrester disconnectors to prevent relative displacement of the disconnectors with respect to the arrester within predetermined limits.

Abstract: A pair of electrodes sandwiches a serial unit that includes a nonlinear voltage resistor block and a compression spring, which is coupled by a plurality of insulating rods. Each of the electrodes has a plurality of insulating-rod inserting holes and a plurality of fastening-member mounting holes each perpendicular to a corresponding insulating-rod inserting hole. Both ends of each of the insulating rods have a fastening-member through hole such that the insulating rods and the electrodes are fastened by inserting a plurality of fastening members through the fastening-member and mounting the fastening members on the fastening-member mounting holes.

Abstract: A filter circuit has first and second varistors, a resistance, an input terminal, an output terminal, and a ground terminal. The resistance is connected between the first and second varistors. The input terminal is connected to a junction between the first varistor and resistance through a first coil. The output terminal is connected to a junction between the second varistor and resistance through a second coil. The ground terminal is connected to a side of the first varistor opposite from the resistance and a side of the second varistor opposite from the resistance.

Abstract: A varistor element comprises a varistor element body, a plurality of inner electrode pairs, a connecting conductor, and a plurality of terminal electrodes. The varistor element body has first and second main faces opposing each other. Each inner electrode pair has first and second inner electrodes. The first and second inner electrodes are arranged so as to oppose each other at least partly within the varistor element body. The connecting conductor is arranged on the first main face so as to electrically connect the first inner electrodes in a predetermined inner electrode pair in the plurality of inner electrode pairs to each other. The terminal electrodes are provided so as to correspond to the second inner electrodes in the plurality of inner electrode pairs, and are arranged on the second main face so as to electrically connect with the second inner electrodes.

Abstract: Circuit boards including embedded transient voltage protection.

Abstract: A surge absorbing circuit has a substrate on which a first conductor, a second conductor, and a third conductor are placed, and a surge absorber having a first terminal and a second terminal. The first conductor and the second conductor are mutually coupled in a polarity-reversed relation. One end of the first conductor is connected to one end of the second conductor. The third conductor is electrically isolated from the first conductor and the second conductor on the substrate. The first terminal of the surge absorber is connected to a connection portion between the first conductor and the second conductor. The second terminal of the surge absorber is connected to the third conductor.

Abstract: A surge protector includes a thermal fuse, a metal oxide varistor electrically connected in series relation to the thermal fuse, and a detection network electrically connected in parallel relation to the thermal fuse and the metal oxide varistor. A first indicating means indicates whether or not the thermal fuse is in operation and a second indicating means indicates whether or not the metal oxide varistor is in operation.

Abstract: A surge arrester has a diverter element with a shielding element that increases the creepage path. The shielding element includes at least one shield. The shielding element is configured from an electrically insulating material and the diverter element forms a discharge current path. One section of the diverter element lying adjacent to the shield is not covered by the electrically insulating material. The diverter element is provided with a support element, which mechanically stabilizes a shield.

Abstract: The invention relates to an automatically quenching surge arrester arrangement with a surge arrester, which, on exceeding a given first voltage, transforms from a non-conducting into a conducting state and returns to the non-conducting state only when a much smaller second voltage is dropped below and with a switch mechanism reacting to current flow through the surge arrester, interrupting the current flow through the surge arrester and then automatically returning to the rest condition thereof. A simple, robust and compact assembly suitable for HF applications for such a surge arrester arrangement is achieved, whereby the switch mechanism reacts reversibly to the heat generated in the surge arrester by the current flow.

Abstract: A transient voltage suppression device includes a dielectric layer defining a receptacle for a variable impedance material proximate a gapped electrode. Methods for manufacturing the device and for formulating a variable voltage material at lower cost and with higher manufacturing yields is also provided.

Abstract: A electrostatic discharge suppression device including an electrostatic discharge reactance layer having a first side and a second side, a first electrode coupled to the first side and comprising a first extension projecting towards a first distal end of the device, and a second electrode coupled to the second side and including a second extension projecting towards a second end of the device, such that the first extension and the second extension overlap to form an electrode overlap area, wherein during an electrostatic discharge event, an electric current is passed between the first and second extensions through the electrostatic discharge layer in the electrode overlap area.

Abstract: A surge arrester including a stack of a plurality of cylindrical varistor blocks that are arranged one after the other in the axial direction of the varistor blocks between an upper end electrode and a lower end electrode. Arranged around the stack are clamping members of an insulating material including at least three loops of continuously wound fiber that connect the upper end electrode to the lower end electrode as well as a bursting-protective bandage in the form of a plurality of rings wound of fiber, and a surrounding, electrically insulating, outer casing of rubber or other polymeric material. The loops are wound from glass fiber and exhibit an asymmetrical cross section.

Abstract: An integrated fuse device (1) includes a varistor stack (11), a thermal fuse (12), and a current fuse (13) within an enclosure (2) having device terminals (3). The varistor stack (11) is connected to the thermal fuse (12) by a Cu terminal (20) and is connected to the device terminal (3) by steel terminal (10) of smaller cross-sectional area. Being of Cu material and having a greater cross-sectional area, the terminal (20) connected to the thermal fuse (12) has greater thermal conductivity than the steel terminal (10) to the end cap (3). The thermal fuse (12) comprises a plurality of links having a melting point to melt with sustained overvoltage, the links having a diameter in the range of about 2 mm to about 3 mm. The links pass through an elastomer plug (15), which exerts physical pressure on them to assist with opening during sustained overvoltage. Hot melt (18) around solder (17) of the thermal fuse limits heat conduction to back-fill sand.

Abstract: A transient blocking unit (TBU) having reduced series impedance is provided. A TBU includes two or more depletion mode transistors arranged to provide a low series impedance in normal operation and a high series impedance when the input current exceeds a predetermined threshold. A nonlinear impedance element is included in the TBU that acts as a current limiter having a substantially constant saturation current over a range of applied voltages. This saturation current is selected to be the threshold current of the TBU. When the threshold is exceeded, the voltage developed across the nonlinear impedance element tends to drive the TBU into its high impedance state. When the operating current is below threshold, the TBU series resistance is relatively low because the nonlinear impedance element is in its low-resistance state. The nonlinear impedance element can be a separate circuit element, or it can be integrated with one or more of the TBU transistors.

Abstract: A voltage suppression device for suppressing voltage surges in an electrical circuit, comprised of a voltage sensitive element having a predetermined voltage rating, the voltage sensitive element increasing in temperature as voltage applied across the voltage sensitive element exceeds the voltage rating. Terminals are provided for electrically connecting the voltage sensitive element between a power line of an electrical circuit and a ground or neutral line of the electrical circuit. A normally closed, thermal switch is electrically connected in series with the voltage sensitive element between one line of the electrical circuit and the voltage sensitive element, the thermal switch being thermally coupled to the voltage sensitive element wherein the thermal switch moves from a normally closed position to an open position to form a gap between the thermal switch and the voltage sensitive element when the temperature of the voltage sensitive element reaches a level indicating an over-voltage condition.

Abstract: A circuit protection device including a conductor arm releasably connected between a voltage sensitive device and a circuit to be protected. The connector arm is biased to move in a direction generally parallel with a plane defined by a lateral dissection between the releasably connected conductor arm and the voltage sensitive device.

Abstract: An overvoltage protection element (1) includes a housing (2), two terminals (3, 4) for electrical connection of the overvoltage protection element (1) to current or signal paths to be protected, and an arrester (5, 6), including a varistor, located within the housing (2). In addition to providing a simple structure and installation, the overvoltage protection element (1) is especially well adapted to thermal and dynamic loads, so that no damage to the overvoltage protection element (1) occurs to the outside, wherein the housing (2) includes two metal shells (7, 8) electrically connected to a terminal region (9, 10) of the arrester (5, 6).

Abstract: A metal oxide varistor integrally formed with a heat protection structure that will automatically go to open circuit in conditions of overheating due to sustained over-voltages. The metal oxide varistor integrally formed with a heat protection structure has a body, an insulation bracket, a number of terminals and a fuse. The insulation bracket is deposited on the body and has a number of slots. The fuse connects to the body and one of the terminals. The fuse is mounted one of the slots of the insulation bracket. The fuse reacts to the overheating timely and the melting fuse spreads quickly with the assistance of capillary action evolved by the slots of the insulation bracket to speed up the action to go to open circuit in against damage due to sustained over-voltages.

Abstract: An overvoltage protection device includes first and second electrically conductive electrode members, a varistor member formed of a varistor material and electrically connected with each of the first and second electrode members, and an electrically conductive, meltable member. The meltable member is responsive to heat in the device to melt and form a current flow path between the first and second electrode members through the meltable member.

Abstract: A surge absorption circuit according to an embodiment comprises (a) an input terminal, (b) an output terminal, (c) a common terminal, (d) a mutual inductive element having a first inductive element and a second inductive element which are electromagnetically coupled to each other so as to increase each inductance, wherein one terminal of the first inductive element is connected to the input terminal, one terminal of the second inductive element is connected to the output terminal, and the other terminal of the first inductive element and the other terminal of the second inductive element are connected to each other, and (e) a surge absorption element having one terminal connected to the other terminal of the first inductive element and the other terminal of the second inductive element and the other terminal connected to the common terminal.

Abstract: A surge absorber has a first terminal electrode, a second terminal electrode, a third terminal electrode, an inductor portion, a surge absorbing portion, and a resistor portion. The inductor portion has a first internal conductor and a second internal conductor mutually coupled in a polarity-reversed relation. One end of the first internal conductor is connected to the first terminal electrode. One end of the second internal conductor is connected to the second terminal electrode. The other end of the first internal conductor is connected to the other end of the second internal conductor. The surge absorbing portion has a first internal electrode and a second internal electrode. The first internal electrode is connected to the other end of the first internal conductor and to the other end of the second internal conductor. The second internal electrode is connected to the third terminal electrode.

Abstract: A surge absorption circuit according to an embodiment comprises (a) an input terminal, (b) an output terminal, (c) a common terminal, (d) a mutual inductive element having a first inductive element and a second inductive element which are electromagnetically coupled to each other so as to increase each inductance, wherein one terminal of the first inductive element is connected to the input terminal, one terminal of the second inductive element is connected to the output terminal, and the other terminal of the first inductive element and the other terminal of the second inductive element are connected to each other, and (e) a surge absorption element having one terminal connected to the other terminal of the first inductive element and the other terminal of the second inductive element and the other terminal connected to the common terminal.

Abstract: A surge absorption circuit of one embodiment comprises an input terminal; an output terminal; a common terminal; a first surge absorption element and a second surge absorption element which are connected in series between the input terminal and the output terminal; a first inductive element provided in parallel to the first surge absorption element and the second surge absorption element, and connected to the input terminal and the output terminal; a second inductive element connected to a connection point of the first surge absorption element and the second surge absorption element and connected to the common terminal.

Abstract: A motor drive for an electric machine includes a live line, a second line, and a ground line. A surge protector includes a first varistor and a gas discharge tube (GDT) that is non-conductive below a trigger voltage and that is conductive above the trigger voltage. The first varistor and the GDT are connected in series between one of the live line and the second line and the second line and the ground line. A second varistor is connected between the other of the live line and the second line and the second line and the ground line. When a voltage on the live line exceeds the trigger voltage, the first varistor, the second varistor and the GDT limit voltage output to the electric machine and deliver excess voltage to the ground line.

Abstract: A voltage suppression device for suppressing voltage surges in an electrical circuit, comprised of a voltage sensitive element having a predetermined voltage rating, the voltage sensitive element increasing in temperature as voltage applied across the voltage sensitive element exceeds the voltage rating. Terminals are provided for electrically connecting the voltage sensitive element between a power line of an electrical circuit and a ground or neutral line of the electrical circuit. A normally closed, thermal switch is electrically connected in series with the voltage sensitive element between the power line and the voltage sensitive element, the thermal switch being thermally coupled to the voltage sensitive element wherein the thermal switch moves from a normally closed position to an open position to form a gap between the thermal switch and the voltage sensitive element when the temperature of the voltage sensitive element reaches a level indicating an over-voltage condition.