Abstract: The invention provides an LED lighting device and method that produces high intensity, spatially uniform, white light in the near and far fields in a reduced package size that does not significantly heat the surrounding environment, wherein the white light is produced by using a phosphor layer in conjunction with a single LED.

Abstract: Optical devices such as backlight assemblies, according to the present invention include a multilayer optical film in which at least one of the layers comprises an oriented birefringent polymer. The multilayer optical film exhibits low absorptivity and can reflect light approaching at shallow angles as well as normal to the film.

Abstract: A light source device includes a light-emitting tube and a reflector. The light-emitting tube has a light-emitting portion that generates a light beam by an electric discharge between electrodes, and sealing portions provided on both sides of the light-emitting portion. The light-emitting tube has a sub-reflection mirror that covers substantially a front half of the light-emitting portion. The reflector has a neck portion provided with an insertion hole to which the light-emitting tube is inserted, and a reflecting portion integrally formed with the neck portion and having an ellipsoidal curved reflecting surface that irradiates the light beam emitted by the light-emitting portion to align the light beam in a predetermined direction. The opening diameter of the insertion hole on the side of the reflecting surface is greater than the external diameter of the sub-reflection mirror and within the internal diameter of a valid reflection area of the reflector.

Abstract: A pair of additional reflectors are disposed face to face under a light source. The reflective surfaces of the respective additional reflectors are formed of paraboloids of revolution, with the first focal point of the reflective surface of a reflector as a focal point, and with an optical axis as the central axis of the revolution. As a result, retroreflective light from both reflectors is incident on the upper reflective region of the reflector. Thus, the spreading of the retroreflective light can be reduced based on the enhanced efficiency of utilizing the luminous flux of the light source, to the extent of the presence of the retroreflective light, as compared with the related art structure, wherein a spherical reflective surface centering on the light source is provided.

Abstract: A lighting assembly includes a quasi-point lamp, a ring lens at least partially surrounding the source to provide a radial beam of light shaped in the form of a disk of sectionally diverging light, and at least one refracting ring to redirect and/or change the beam divergence, and/or at least one reflecting ring to redirect or change the divergence of the beam. A baffle system may be used in conjunction with or in substitution for the refractor or reflector rings to eliminate glare and stray light from the lens or redirect and/or change divergence of the lens. The ring lens surrounding the quasi-point source may be used to divide the illuminating light into radial beams diverging from each other, in which case each radial beam has its own refraction, reflection or baffle assembly. Each radial beam and its attending refraction, reflection and/or baffle assembly is used for specific lighting functions, such as down lighting, ambient lighting, spot or flood lighting and indirect lighting.

Abstract: An automotive tail light. An LED emits its light laterally. A reflection part surrounding the LED picks up the light and reflects it towards the light dish. A low height light is thus provided.

Abstract: A low-power high-intensity lighting apparatus includes a lamp base, a lamp housing, and a lamp unit. The lamp base includes a parabolic reflector. The lamp housing is mounted on the lamp base, and includes a surrounding wall and an optical condenser. The surrounding wall has a first open end, and a second open end opposite to the first open end. The optical condenser is mounted on the lamp housing at the second open end. The lamp unit is mounted on the lamp base, extends into the lamp housing through the first open end of the surrounding wall, and generates light that propagates toward the parabolic reflector and that is reflected by the parabolic reflector toward the optical condenser.

Abstract: A light source device includes: a light-emitting tube including a light-emitting portion that generates a light beam by an electric discharge between electrodes and sealing portions provided on both sides of the light-emitting portion; a reflector including a neck portion provided with an insertion hole to which the light-emitting tube is inserted, and a reflecting portion integrally formed with the neck portion and having an ellipsoidal curved reflecting surface that irradiates forward the light beam emitted by the light-emitting portion and aligns the light beam in a predetermined direction. The light-emitting tube has a sub-reflection mirror that covers substantially front half of the light-emitting tube. The insertion hole has a diameter that is enlarged from the base end thereof toward the distal end in a light irradiation direction.

Abstract: A radiation system includes a contamination barrier, e.g., a foil trap, between a collector, for example a normal incidence collector, and a radiation source, such that radiation coming from the source passes the foil trap twice. The radiation passes the contamination barrier once before hitting the collector and a second time after reflection by the collector. The foil trap includes lamellas that are parallel to both the radiation coming from the light source, and to the radiation reflected by the collector. The radiation is thus not obstructed by the foil trap. In this way, a normal incidence collector, which is used with a plasma produced source, can be protected from debris coming from a EUV source.

Abstract: An illuminated display includes a light source positioned within an optical chamber defined by a first optical element having a first reflective surface with an image thereon. A second optical element is positioned within the chamber and is spaced from the first optical element to define a gap therebetween, through which gap the image is visible. The second optical element has a second reflective surface thereon for reflecting light from the light source onto the image. A third reflective surface is positioned on the first optical element and also reflects light from the light source to the second reflective surface from which light is directed to the image on the first optical element and out through the gap. In this way the efficiencies of the illuminated display are enhanced. The illuminated display is used in combination with an automotive vehicle to display branding information and logos.

Abstract: A photon concentrator includes an imaging photon concentrator concentrating photons from a source to an image point and a non-imaging photon concentrator. The non-imaging photon concentrator (NIPC) has an entry aperture coupling to the imaging photon concentrator near the image point. The NIPC also includes an exit aperture wherein the entry aperture is larger than the exit aperture.

Abstract: An illumination system using filament lamps including a filament lamp, a reflector having a first and second focal points, the filament lamp disposed proximate to the first focal point of the reflector to emit rays of electromagnetic radiation that reflect from the reflector and converge substantially at the second focal point, wherein a portion of the electromagnetic radiation emitted by the filament lamp impinges directly on the reflector and a portion of the electromagnetic radiation does not impinge directly on the reflector and wherein the system further includes an additional reflector constructed and arranged to reflect at least part of the portion of the electromagnetic radiation that does not impinge directly on the reflector toward the reflector through the first focal point of the reflector.

Abstract: A light consolidating system is provided for converging light emitted from at least one lamp positioned at the focus of an ellipse. A light guiding means is provided in the system for guiding the converged light to the output side. The system is characterized by the focusing feature of the ellipse lamps and therefore increases the efficiency of consolidating light.

Abstract: A light module includes a light source and a reflective light transformer. The light source emits light with a limited angle omnidirectionally in a plane perpendicular to a light source optical axis. The reflective light transformer is located around the light source, and collects most of the light emitted by the light source and redirects and redistributes the collected light in a direction parallel to the light source optical axis. The light transformer includes a reflective surface with a precalculated arbitrary profile that transforms a light source spatial light distribution into a specific pattern with a generally different angular spread in a horizontal plane and a vertical plane.

Abstract: An X-ray localizer light system comprises: a long life X-ray localizer light source; an optical concentrator, the light source being situated at a first focal spot, the optical concentrator being configured for concentrating X-ray localizer light from the light source to a second focal spot; and an opaque shield having an aperture therein situated proximate to the second focal spot and being of such a geometrical shape so as to maximize light throughput while meeting light field edge contrast requirements. In another light system, the optical concentrator comprises a reflector comprising a quasi-ellipsoidal portion within which the light source is situated, a cylindrical portion situated between the quasi-ellipsoidal portion and the shield for reflecting stray light, a back reflector portion situated proximate to the shield, and a centrally-mounted portion situated between the aperture and the light source for directing back-reflected light in the direction of the aperture.

Abstract: A flashlight is disclosed which includes a housing adapted to receive one or more battery cells and having a transparent lens on a forward end thereof. An LED light source connected to the cell is utilized in conjunction with collimating optics positioned adjacent the LED to refract rays of light from the LED forwardly. A first paraboloid reflector having a concave reflective surface is positioned within said housing to receive rays of light from the collimating optics and to reflect the rays rearwardly and a second paraboloid reflector having a concave reflective surface is positioned within said housing to receive rays of light reflected rearwardly from the first paraboloid reflector and to further reflect the rays forwardly through the transparent lens.

Abstract: A light fixture consists of one or more light emitting diode (LED) packaging systems within a housing. Each LED packaging system includes one or more LED light sources that simultaneously shines onto opposing reflecting surfaces, then shines forward through encapsulation material. The housing consists of a cluster of prewired sockets with an outer reflective surface. Electrical wiring runs from the rear of the first socket and then to an adjacent socket in a daisy chain fashion. Each socket includes connectors configured to provide each LED packaging system with a source of electricity. The housing has diffusers that adjust the light to an evenly distributed appearance.

Abstract: A lighting assembly includes a light socket, a first reflector base, and a second reflector base. The light socket is at least partially disposed in a housing, and is used to secure and provide electrical power to a light source. The first reflector base has an aperture through which the light socket is accessible, and a reflective surface generally facing away from the light socket, and therefore the light source. The second reflector base is connected to the first reflector base, the light source housing, or both, and has a reflective surface generally facing the light source and the reflective surface of the first reflector base. Light provided by the light source is reflected from the second reflective surface and then the first reflective surface, providing indirect lighting for an observer.

Abstract: A multimedia projector (100) includes a single-path frame-sequential color optical system in which light rays emitted by a light source (14) propagate through a color wheel (102) and an optical integrator (16, 120, 122), and are directed toward a transflective polarizing beam splitter (40) that separates them into P-polarized components (76) and S-polarized components (78). The P-polarized components are transmitted toward a reflective LCD (26) in which pixels in a dark state reflect the light rays without a polarization change and return them through the transflective polarizing beam splitter, whereas pixels in a bright state reflect the light rays with a 90° polarization change as S-polarized light rays (112), which are reflected by the transflective polarizing beam splitter toward a projection lens (27).

Abstract: The present invention comprises a method of enhancing illumination by a variety of lamp types through the use of reflective technologies, for example, replacement of expensive high intensity density or mercury vapor lamps with low wattage flourescent tubes having at least one and in some cases, up to three reflective surfaces for focusing otherwise lost light toward a target illumination area. Further, the placement of light sources at the focal point of said reflective surfaces aids in optimizing the amount of light focused in a desired direction.

Abstract: A fiberoptic lighting system has a light source with a bulbous section and a plurality of plastic light pipes having substantially circular cross sections. A collector has an inlet for receiving light from the light source and an outlet. The collector performs an area-to-angle conversion on light it collects from the light source. A plurality of rods receives light from the collector and passes such light to the plastic light pipes, while thermally isolating the plastic light pipes from the light source. A perimeter of an outlet of the collector has a plurality of shaped portions, each associated with, and each substantially shaped the same as, a substantial portion of an associated perimeter of a respective one of the plurality of rods. The foregoing system delivers a higher percentage of light from a light source into multiple light pipes than in a prior art system.

Abstract: A reflector of a vehicle lamp includes a main reflector, a first sub-reflector, a second sub-reflector, and a relief portion. The main reflector includes a main reflection surface that reflects light from a light source in a forward direction. The first sub-reflector includes a first sub-reflection surface that reflects the light toward the second sub-reflector. The second sub-reflector includes a second sub-reflection surface that reflects the light reflected from the first sub-reflection surface in the forward direction. The second sub-reflector is arranged closer to the center axis than the main reflector, and the first sub-reflector is arranged farther from a center axis of the light than the main reflector, inclined inward via the relief portion, so that the light reflected from the main reflection surface is not blocked.

Abstract: An optical assembly for architectural illumination which includes a quasi point source surrounded by a collimating ring lens designed to radially project collimated beams. A segmented, off axis, parabolic reflector to collect and reflect light (not gathered by the collimating ring lens) as collimated beams and a ring reflector, the segments of which designed to gather beams from both the collimating ring lens and the off axis reflector and the direct them in substantially the same direction.

Abstract: A light fixture is described. The light fixture includes a socket housing and a reflector housing. The socket housing includes a socket for receipt of a lamp, and a reflector housing mounting surface. The reflector housing includes a direct reflector for providing direct light onto a target lighting area and an indirect reflector for providing indirect light onto the target lighting area. The direct reflector includes a direct reflector first end, a direct reflector second end, and a direct reflector body extended between the first end and the second end. The direct reflector body extends sufficiently far to provide a cut off angle between a lamp provided in the socket and the direct reflector second end of less than about 50°. The indirect reflector extends from the direct reflector around a circumference of the direct reflector in an amount sufficient to shield a lamp provided in the socket. A facility having a plurality of ceiling mounted light fixtures, and a reflector housing are described.

Abstract: 9A light emitting diode (LED) lighting device includes a concave mirror and a convex mirror having a diameter less than a diameter of the concave mirror. The convex mirror is positioned to face the concave mirror and is fixed to the concave mirror. An LED array is fixed to the concave mirror between the concave mirror and the convex mirror. The LED array faces the convex mirror such that light emitted by the LED array reflects off of the convex mirror. A power supply is provided for powering the LED array. Light emitted by the LED array is reflected from the convex mirror onto the concave mirror, and then reflected by the concave mirror to exit the lighting device.

Abstract: A reflector for a light assembly of a motor vehicle has at least one reflector surface for rays emitted by an illumination element positioned at a spacing to the at least one reflector surface. The at least one reflector surface is a surface of revolution whose generatrix is part of a curve and ascends in a direction to the illumination element that is oriented toward the at least one reflector surface. The curve can be a parabola, an ellipse or a free-form curve.

Abstract: A display unit is provided capable of reducing the generation of heat due to a light source. There are provided a light source lamp, light dividing mirrors for dividing incident light emitted by the light source lamp, and a plurality of projector units capable of modulating the divided incident light to incident light and projecting the incident light to game boards to display images. With such an arrangement, images can be displayed on a plurality of game machines with the single light source lamp, and thus the number of light sources can be reduced in the entire game system, which reduces the entire amount of heat generated by the light source lamp.

Abstract: A condensing and collecting optical system includes a collimating reflector and focusing reflector. The collimating reflector includes a portion of a paraboloid of revolution having a focal point and an optical axis. The focusing reflector includes a paraboloid of revolution having a focal point and an optical axis. A source of the electromagnetic radiation placed at the focal point of the collimating reflector produces a collimated beam of radiation. The focusing reflector is positioned so as to receive the collimated beam and focus it toward a target positioned at the focal point of the focusing reflector. To achieve maximum illumination at the target, the collimating reflector and the focusing reflector are so constructed and positioned so as to achieve preferably about unit magnification between the source and its focused image, although other magnifications may be achieved.

Abstract: An optical device for increasing the brightness of electromagnetic radiation emitted by a source and coupled into a target by folding the electromagnetic radiation back on itself. The optical device includes the source of electromagnetic radiation, which has a first width; a first light pipe with a first input end and a reflective end, the first input end having a second width; a second light pipe disposed parallel to the first light pipe, the second light pipe further having a second input end juxtaposed to the first input end of the first light pipe and an output end, the second input end having a third width; a first reflector having a first optical axis and a first focal point on the first optical axis; and a second reflector having a second optical axis and a second focal point on the second optical axis disposed substantially symmetrically to the first reflector such that the first optical axis is substantially collinear with the second optical axis.

Abstract: A condensing and collecting optical system includes a first reflector and second reflector. The first and second reflectors and includes a portion of an ellipsoid of revolution having two focal point and an optical axis. A source of electromagnetic radiation is placed at one of the focal points of the first reflector to produce radiation that converges at the second focal point of the first reflector. The second focal points of the reflectors coincide. The second reflector is positioned to receive the radiation after it passes through a second focal point of the second reflector and focuses the radiation toward a target positioned at the first focal point of the second reflector.

Abstract: A light module includes a light source and a reflective light transformer. The light source emits light with a limited angle omnidirectionally in a plane perpendicular to a light source optical axis. The reflective light transformer is located around the light source, and collects most of the light emitted by the light source and redirects and redistributes the collected light in a direction parallel to the light source optical axis. The light transformer includes a reflective surface with a precalculated arbitrary profile that transforms a light source spatial light distribution into a specific pattern with a generally different angular spread in a horizontal plane and a vertical plane.

Abstract: An optical coupling element for use in large numerical aperture collecting and condensing systems. The optical coupling element includes a lens having a curved surface and a tapered light pipe. The curved surface reduces the angle of incidence of the light striking the input end of the optical coupling element such that the Fresnel reflection is greatly reduced. Electromagnetic radiation emitted by a source is collected and focused onto a target by positioning the source of electromagnetic radiation at a first focal point of a first reflector so that the source produces rays of radiation reflected from the first reflector that converge at a second focal point of the second reflector. The optical coupling element is positioned so that a center of the lens is substantially proximate with the second focal point of the second reflector and the curved surface is between the second reflector and the center.

Abstract: A temperature control system for a source of electromagnetic radiation, such as an arc lamp, in a collecting and condensing system including a first reflector having a first focal point and a first optical axis, and a second reflector having a second focal point and a second optical axis. The source may be located proximate to the first focal point of the first reflector to produce rays of radiation that reflect from the first reflector toward the second reflector and substantially converge at the second focal point. A sensor, such as a voltage or a temperature sensor, may be placed near the source, and produces an output which may be substantially proportional to an attribute of the source. A comparator compares the output to a predetermined value and produces a difference between the output and the predetermined value.

Abstract: To achieve great security against failure in lamps for medical applications, especially lamps for surgery, two electric bulbs are placed each in a concave mirror of ellipsoidal shape as part of a reflector, the two concave mirrors having focal points which are aligned with one another along an optical axis. The concave mirror provided to serve as the main lamp is configured as a ring reflector, while the concave mirror designed to operate as a reserve lamp closes off the reflector on the side facing away from the direction of emergence of the light. Thus, in the event of a change from main lamp operation to reserve lamp operation, the illuminated field is maintained at least approximately in its size and the location does not change (X and Y directions).

Abstract: In order to develop a lighting apparatus having a light source unit which has at least one light source and a first reflector, and having at least one optical element, with the light which is emitted from the light source being focused by the first reflector to form a light beam which can be influenced by the optical element further, in such a manner that the type of structure, in particular the diameter of the light outlet openings of the lamp housing, does not restrict the optical elements which can be used, said apparatus has a reflector unit having a second reflector and having a concave third reflector, with the concave third reflector having an opening for the light beam and the light beam being reflected by the second reflector onto the third reflector, and with the optical element being arranged between the light source unit and the reflector unit.

Abstract: A motor vehicle headlight of the elliptical type, giving both a dipped beam and a main beam, has a light source which cooperates with a reflector to produce a patch of light, with a lens projecting the patch of light on the road, and a movable mask being arranged so that, in a working position, it masks a part of the light patch so that the lens produces a cut-off beam, while in an inactive or retracted position of the mask, the lens projects essentially the whole of the light patch so as to produce a beam without any cut-off. The reflector comprises a first zone which produces a first part of the light patch, not significantly masked by the mask in its working position, and a second zone which produces a second part of the light patch. This second part is cut off by the mask in its working position to a much greater extent. The two parts of the light patch have different distributions of the light in a direction transversely to the direction of projection.

Abstract: The invention relates to a lighting installation, in particular as a danger light, obstruction light or day and night marker, having at least one luminaire, with at least one lighting means (13) being arranged in a housing. According to the invention, the lighting means (13) is annular or semi-annular in design and defines a ring axis (19). Furthermore, the lighting means (13) is assigned at least one reflector surface (11) which encircles an axis of rotation (21) entirely or in part. Finally, ring axis and axis of rotation run essentially parallel or even coaxial to one another.

Abstract: From a quasi point source, light distribution means produce a selected one or ones of broadly distributed ambient light, non-shadowing task illumination, multi-beam display lighting, projective lineal lighting and projective surface washing illumination lineally or radially distributed. Collimation optics shape light from a quasi point source into a disc of selected axial thickness. Containment optics contain divergence of and direct light from the collimation optics to distribution optics. The distribution optics modulates and redirects the radiant energy into a shape or shapes useful in illuminating architectural space. The distribution optics may reflect or refract light to direct and shape it for a particular architectural illumination requirement. The efficient combination of the optics provides for a system of minimized thickness, permitting maximum flexibility in integration with or within shelves, soffits and other structural members.

Abstract: The invention relates to a lighting installation, in particular as a danger light, obstruction light or day and night marker, having at least one luminaire, with at least one lighting means (13) being arranged in a housing. According to the invention, the lighting means (13) is annular or semi-annular in design and defines a ring axis (19). Furthermore, the lighting means (13) is assigned at least one reflector surface (11) which encircles an axis of rotation (21) entirely or in part. Finally, ring axis and axis of rotation run essentially parallel or even coaxial to one another.

Abstract: A reflector for reflecting light from an elongate light source into the input end of a light guide having a diameter “D”. The light source is inserted through the narrow end of a collimating reflector which has a wide end with a diameter exceeding “D” through which light is emitted into the guide. The wide end of an output reflector circumferentially surrounds the collimating reflector's wide end. The output reflector's narrow end circumferentially surrounds the light guide's input end. The wide end of an input reflector circumferentially surrounds the collimating reflector's narrow end. The reflectors are cylindrically symmetrical about a common axis. Light passing from the light source to the collimating reflector is reflected, producing an output beam whose width varies as a function of distance along the axis. The light guide's input end is positioned along the axis to minimize the width of the output light beam.

Abstract: An asymmetric flood light includes a reflector comprised of a hydroformed continuous metal form which defines a lamp space adapted to receive a lamp. The reflector has a forward opening for outputting light generated by the associated lamp. The reflector further includes a rear reflector section arranged rearward of the lamp space and adapted to reflect backward-directed lamp illumination forward in a crossing pattern, a forward reflector section disposed forward of the rear reflector section and adapted to reflect lamp illumination forward in a crossing pattern, and a plurality of planar surfaces that connect the forward and rear reflector sections. The hydroformed reflector is adapted to cooperate with the lamp to produce a substantially rectangular area of substantially uniform illumination that is asymmetrically disposed relative to the reflector.

Abstract: A light projector is provided which includes an elliptical reflector, a first spherical retro-reflector, the first retro-reflector having an first aperture formed therein, the first aperture having a first diameter and a first center-point, a second spherical retro-reflector located between the elliptical reflector and the first retro-reflector, the second retro-reflector having a second aperture formed therein, the second aperture having a second diameter and a second center-point, the second diameter smaller than the first diameter, the first and second center-points lying along a common axis, and a light source, the light source located at a foci of the elliptical reflector, the light source lying along the common axis, the elliptical reflector reflecting light emitted by the light source, the reflected light passing through the first and second apertures, the first and second retro-reflectors being positioned so as to reflect light emitted by the light source back towards the light source.

Abstract: A plane display unit using LEDs without letting the colors of the individual pixels appear separately or without letting the pixels appear as a set of visible dots even when the screen displaying an image or a character is viewed in close range, and a plane display device using the same. Pixels having light-emitting surfaces of a square shape that is inclined by 45° are arranged on a substrate in a direction inclined toward the right and in a direction inclined toward the left with the sides of the light-emitting surfaces being opposed to each other. The shape and size of the surface of the substrate are selected to be the same as the shape and size of the contours of the light-emitting surfaces of all pixels on the substrate. The pixels are formed by covering plural LEDs of different colors with a transparent material in which a light-scattering material is contained.

Abstract: A headlight for a motor vehicle is provided for generating a light beam, and particularly a dipped beam, of a given configuration. The headlight has a light source, a reflector of the elliptical type having a first focus in the vicinity of which the light source is situated, and a lens placed in front of the reflector. The reflector has at least two zones which are situated side by side and which are adapted to form, in a focal region of the lens, patches of light which are preformed in width, and overlap each other in a horizontal direction.

Abstract: A reflector for reflecting light from an elongate light source into the input end of a light guide having a diameter “D”. The light source is inserted through the narrow end of a collimating reflector which has a wide end with a diameter exceeding “D” through which light is emitted into the guide. The wide end of an output reflector circumferentially surrounds the collimating reflector's wide end. The output reflector's narrow end circumferentially surrounds the light guide's input end. The wide end of an input reflector circumferentially surrounds the collimating reflector's narrow end. The reflectors are cylindrically symmetrical about a common axis. Light passing from the light source to the collimating reflector is reflected, producing an output beam whose width varies as a function of distance along the axis. The light guide's input end is positioned along the axis to minimize the width of the output light beam.

Abstract: An optical device for increasing the brightness of electromagnetic radiation emitted by a source and coupled into a target by folding the electromagnetic radiation back on itself. The optical device includes the source of electromagnetic radiation, which has a first width; a first light pipe with a first input end and a reflective end, the first input end having a second width; a second light pipe disposed parallel to the first light pipe, the second light pipe further having a second input end juxtaposed to the first input end of the first light pipe and an output end, the second input end having a third width; a first reflector having a first optical axis and a first focal point on the first optical axis; and a second reflector having a second optical axis and a second focal point on the second optical axis disposed substantially symmetrically to the first reflector such that the first optical axis is substantially collinear with the second optical axis.

Abstract: An optical coupling element for use in large numerical aperture collecting and condensing systems. The optical coupling element includes a lens having a curved surface and a tapered light pipe. The curved surface reduces the angle of incidence of the light striking the input end of the optical coupling element such that the Fresnel reflection is greatly reduced. Electromagnetic radiation emitted by a source is collected and focused onto a target by positioning the source of electromagnetic radiation at a first focal point of a first reflector so that the source produces rays of radiation reflected from the first reflector that converge at a second focal point of the second reflector. The optical coupling element is positioned so that a center of the lens is substantially proximate with the second focal point of the second reflector and the curved surface is between the second reflector and the center.

Abstract: An étendue efficient angle conversion system that operates in a quasi-imaging mode. This system is capable of generating angular and spatial axial asymmetric output beams and is also capable of incorporating therein optional color reformatting capabilities. With the aid of anamorphic beam transformers such asymmetric beams can further be reformatted to spatially and angularily match particular illumination needs of a target. This system can further be applied to the design of fiber optic illumination systems and projection display systems and can further be combined with delivery efficiency maximization concepts. In addition, delivery efficiency improvements of light engines can be obtained with the use of optimized lamp, reflector, integrators, anamorphic beam transformers, coupling optics, etc.

Abstract: An integrated compound reflector ceramic arc lamp comprises three internal mirrors. Top and bottom concave mirrors encircle the inter-electrode gap. The third mirror is convex and is mounted coaxially on the stem of the cathode and faces a sapphire window. Its appearance is like that of a 360 ° apron. Light rays emitted from the inter-electrode gap below a critical elevation angle will be reflected off the bottom concave mirror. Such rays bounce only once before exiting through the window to an external focus. Light rays emitted from the inter-electrode gap above the critical elevation angle, will be reflected off the top concave mirror. Such rays will bounce twice before exiting through the window to the focus. The rays that do reflect from the top concave mirror are directed to the convex cathode apron reflector, and from there will be reflected out the window to the focus.

Abstract: A light energy efficient and low cost optical system for providing uniform illumination of a light valve. The light source is an extended source generally emitting a non-uniform spatial distribution of light power. The source light is focused into the entrance end of a light transmitting tunnel having reflecting interior wall surfaces and having cross sectional and length dimensions chosen to deliver, at the exit end of the tunnel, light which is substantially uniform is power distribution, over the surface area of the exit end, due multiple reflections from the tunnel walls. The exiting light is advantageously used to uniformly illuminate a light valve. The invention includes a combination of mirrors arranged about the source light to most effectively collect and direct the light.