Abstract: A linear light source for a film scanner is disclosed which includes an elongated light integrating cavity having diffusely reflective walls. Light is introduced into the cavity through an input port, and an output beam of diffuse illumination is produced through a slot which is generally parallel to the longitudinal axis of the integrating cavity. A baffle is disposed in the cavity along the longitudinal axis to prevent light from passing directly from the input port to the output slot. In order to provide a light source which can be positioned closely adjacent the film in a film scanner, the surfaces of the integrating cavity walls adjacent the output slot are generally linear and are disposed at an angle to the optical axis of the output beam.

Abstract: A headlamp for a vehicle adapted to radiate a light beam therefrom exclusively for passing-by vehicles includes a single filament, a main reflector, an auxiliary reflector and a lens. The auxiliary reflector is divided into two parts, i.e., an upper auxiliary reflector and a lower auxiliary reflector along a horizontal line extending through the filament. The upper auxiliary reflector, has a focus which is located at the position in the vicinity of the rearmost end of the filament, while the lower auxiliary reflector has a focus which located at the position in the vicinity of the foremost end of the filament. The auxiliary reflector is basically arranged in the region where the main reflector can not completely collect a light beam radiated from the filament. The upper and lower auxiliary deflectors have an inner diameter and an outer diameter, respectively.

Abstract: A high performance color mixing system combines colored light beams from three primary color sources into a composite light beam. Each light source assembly can be individually dimmed to control the color of the composite beam. Each primary color beam can be varied in hue and saturation by the use of pivoting dichroic filters, thereby providing improved performance and increased capability. This system is capable of producing deeply saturated colors in all hues, and does not comprise performance in white, provides good color balance and sufficient intensity when the dichroic filters are pivoted to a position parallel to the light rays of the beam.

Abstract: A motor vehicle headlight having a reflecting body which consists of a paraboloid of translation with inclined lateral end walls characterized by the fact that a spherical reflector is formed centrally on the paraboloid. A condensing lens is located ahead of the light source and a diaphragm is situated between the light source and condensing lens. The focus points of the condensing lens and spherical reflector are located between the light source and diaphragm.

Abstract: A vehicle front lamp includes a light source upper and lower first curved surfaces made of composite curved surfaces to reflect a light beam from a light source in the left direction and in the right direction, respectively, the upper and lower first curved surfaces being respectively mounted at higher and lower positions than the light source; and upper and lower second curved surfaces for reflecting a light beam reflected from the upper and lower first curved surfaces for making the light beam substantially parallel in the forward direction of the vehicle, the upper and lower second curved surfaces being mounted at the right and left of the light source. The composite curved surfaces of the upper first curved surface are slanted by an angle of 10 to 35 degrees so as to direct the reflected light beam downward; the composite curved surfaces of the lower first curved surface are slanted by an angle of 10 to 35 degrees so as to direct the reflected light beam upward.

Abstract: A light-condensing reflector positioned at the opposite side or end of a light source from a primary paraboloidal reflector in opposed reflector-to-reflector relationship to amplify light. The light-condensing reflector is selectively smaller in diameter than the primary reflector such that an annular or ring-like light orifice is formed between the outside periphery of a base of the light-condensing reflector and the inside periphery of a base of the primary reflector. Light amplified and condensed by the two opposed reflectors is collimated in an annular light beam through the annular light orifice. When applied to flashlights, spotlights and vehicle headlights, this invention increases the light intensity substantially.

Abstract: Plastic light standard includes a nonconductive plastic pipe with an end for receiving electrical conductors or electrical conduit and a cap secured to the upper portion of the pipe above ground. The cap includes an aperture in which an electrical element is secured and through which electrical conductors extend from the electrical element into the standard for connecting the conductors from underground with the conductors from the electrical element. Stabilizer plates are secured to the pipe in the ground for stabilizing the pipe to prevent the pipe from moving.

Abstract: A light beam intensifier (10) having a paraboloidal reflector (12) a mirror (14) a single light tube (16) and window (18). The mirror (14) is placed forward of the forcal point f of the reflector (12) and has the light tube (16) affixed thereto to be positioned coincident with the focal point f. As the light tube (16) is energized, light rays (52) emanating directly therefrom are reflected from the parabolic reflector (12) to form a first beam path and the forward shining light rays (54) are reflected from the reflective surface (34) of the mirror (14) to be reflected off the paraboloidal reflector (12) to form a composite light beam path (56) having a predetermined pattern.

Abstract: The electric incandescent lamp has a blown glass lamp vessel having a neck-shaped wall portion, a parabolically curved wall portion which extends substantially transversely and a wall portion curved in accordance with an arc of a circle which extends substantially in the axial direction. A filament is arranged in a plane through the foci of the wall portion and at least partly coincides therewith. The electric incandescent lamp has the advantage that, independent of its finish it has a lamp vessel of the same shape and the same mounting means for the filament. The manufacture of incandescent lamps of different types is thereby simplified considerably.

Abstract: The electric incandescent lamp has a multi-use lamp vessel having a neck-shaped wall portion, a wall portion which is curved in accordance with a first circuit arc and extends substantially in the transverse direction, and a wall portion which is curved in accordance with a second circular arc and extends substantially in the axial direction. A filament is arranged in the proximity of the largest diameter. The electric incandescent lamp has the advantage that, independent of its finish it has a lamp vessel of the same shape and the same mounting means for the filament. The manufacture of incandescent lamps of different types is thereby simplified considerably.

Abstract: A low voltage light fixture (10) including a bulb/lens assembly (12) mounted atop an integral post/stake assembly (14). Post/stake assembly (14) includes a hollow tubular portion (20) and a ground stake portion (22). A preferred post/stake assembly (14) is formed from a single piece of plastic, and consists of a pair of elongate legs (94, 96) which are joined to a female adapter (90) through the use of a pair of "living hinges" (100). To assemble post/stake assembly (14), it is merely necessary to draw legs (94, 96) together until a pair of locking fingers (104) extending from leg (94) engage a pair of slots (110) formed in the other leg (96). Light fixture (10) also preferably includes a unique internally ribbed lens which includes a large plurality of internal side ridges (114) and a smaller plurality of top ridges (116).

Abstract: A lighting fixture includes a ground stake having a channel-like cross section, a lamp socket mounted to the stake, a lamp element engaged to the socket, and a power cable connected to the socket and extending within the channel of the stake. The lamp socket has spike contacts within lamp cores which pierce the narrow edges of the power cable to provide electrical contact from the power cable conductors to the lamp element.

Abstract: A photographic lamp possessing a main and back-reflector which are located respectively behind and in front of a light source. The main reflector limits a light exit aperture which is closed by a diffuser screen. The back-reflector comprises a transparent base which is partly provided with a reflecting layer. The reflecting layer is preferably applied in the manner of a graduated filter, so that the reflecting points are more numerous in the center of the base and less frequent at its periphery. The light produced is thereby extremely even and the illumination is very even, avoiding dark areas on the diffuser screen.

Abstract: An optical system for illuminating an arcuate field efficiently and uniformly using a short arc source. A first light source having a length along its axis of symmetry emits light with angular uniformity 360.degree. in azimuth about its axis of symmetry. This light is divided into a plurality of sections of equal angular extent in azimuth and recombined to form adjacent secondary light sources while preserving the uniformity of angular uniformity in each section and simultaneously orienting the sections of light about parallel remote from the first source of light which has a length axes in each section. This forms a second source of light equal to the sum of the lengths of the secondary sources of light with uniform angular distribution over an angular extent of nearly 360.degree. divided by the number of the secondary light sources. By appropriate selection of parameters the difference in the numerical apertures of the illuminated arcuate field is selectable.

Abstract: A fog lamp is comprised of a reflector and a pane connected to the reflector. An incandescent lamp is positioned inside the reflector which has a lower portion formed by paraboloid and an upper portion the vertical cross-section of which is formed by ellipse while its horizontal cross-section is formed by parabola. The upper and lower portions have a common focus and a common focal length.

Abstract: A motor vehicle front lighting system including a pair of parabolic reflectors each including a light source located in the focus of the respected reflector. The reflectors are positioned such that the light rays produced are directed transversely of the front of the motor vehicle. A plurality of mirrors is located in the path of the light rays and generally at an acute angle to the light rays, the mirrors directing the light rays forwardly of the motor vehicle. Selected angular orienting of the mirrors or, alternatively, light directing lens, direct a substantial portion of the light rays downwardly in a non-glare manner in the front of the motor vehicle. Positioning of the light sources is such as to block direct transmission of the light forwardly from the light sources forwardly of the motor vehicle.

Abstract: An illumination system, particularly suitable for use with automatic vision systems employing an image sensing device or system, illuminates an object under analysis with the cone of light that may cover 360.degree. or only an arc segment about a part of the object under analysis. Light from a ring source is directed toward a curved parabolic surface on a light collector ring that substantially collimates the light and fans it out radially out toward a toroidal reflector surface on an encompassing ring, the relative position of which determines the angle of incidence of a cone of light formed to fall in the region of the object, so as to illuminate particular features with optimal efficiency. To change the angle of incidence while maintaining focus, a differential drive mechanism moves the parabolic collector ring and the toroidal angle generator ring in differential fashion concurrently.

Abstract: A reflector for obtaining isolux light distribution patterns over polygonal areas is disclosed. The reflector is equipped with a plurality of circumferentially adjacent light transmissive wall sections corresponding in number to the number of corners of the polygonal light pattern. A reflective coating and vertically oriented prisms formed on the outer surface of the wall sections cooperate to reflect and laterally redirect light to provide the desired isolux polygonal light pattern.

Abstract: The invention concerns a headlamp, the envelope of which is constituted internally by at least one concave reflecting surface, preferably by paraboloid-shape and spherical surfaces, and having a light-emitting element in, or near, the focus of the main reflecting surface and mounted on the current conducting support, and the envelope being shut-up by a transparent cover plate. The essence of the invention consists of having a convex mirror located between the light-emitting element and the cover plate, with its reflecting surface facing the light-emitting element and the concave reflecting surfaces. The surface of the convex mirror is preferably of the shape of a hyperboloid of rotation.

Abstract: An improvement suitable for incorporation into a lighting fixture having a plurality of light source means for emitting light rays and at least one reflector wherein the one reflector superposes the light source means in a partially circumscribing, radially spaced relationship about the axis of symmetry of the lighting fixture to receive light rays and to project them onto a work surface. The improvement is a second reflector in axial alignment with, and rotatably mounted about, the axis of symmetry. The second reflector is positioned beneath the light source means and has a plurality of distinct surface sections, each of the surface sections being associated with one of the light source means for receiving the light rays emitted therefrom and projecting the light rays onto the one reflector. Each surface section has two radially adjacent portions. One portion has a textured finish for diffusing the light rays and the other portion has a specular finish for intensifying the light rays.

Abstract: An optical system useful in lighting fixtures for uniformly illuminating large areas, includes a plurality of reflectors situated about a light source to cause light emitted by the light source to be concentrated in a first directional range measured from downward vertical, and to provide decreasing intensity of projected light with changes in the angle of projection from the first directional range to downward vertical. In one preferred form, four reflectors, each being a surface of revolution and spaced from the others to preclude any horizontal overlap, are utilized to concentrate the light emitted into a first directional range of about 65 degrees to 75 degrees. All of the light directed into this first directional range is either singly or doubly reflected. Unreflected light passes between a lower reflector and a central reflector to illuminate a middle directional range, and singly reflected light, which is redirected by a portion of an upper reflector, fills a lower directional range.

Abstract: An indirect lighting system includes a housing which defines an outwardly facing reflector. Coupled centrally to the reflector and spaced therefrom is a removable shield which, in one embodiment of the present invention, covers a light mounted to the center area of the reflector, and in another embodiment of the present invention, includes the light source itself. The light positioned behind the shield in either embodiment is reflected by the relatively large area defined by the reflective housing.

Abstract: A lighting device of the free-standing type, capable of diffusing beams of light rays propagating through and emitting from the optical wave guides. A reflecting member is placed opposite the exit end of the optical wave guides to diffusingly reflect and diverge the light rays issuing from the optical wave guides thereby to light up a wide area with soft light rays.

Abstract: A light reflector for specific use in combination with an elongate light source such as a fluorescent lamp. It has a plurality of reflecting surfaces disposed behind and symmetrically of the light source and includes opposed central tangent reflecting surfaces. The cumulative effect of the reflecting surfaces is to synthesize the light rays emitted upwards with those emitted downwards by the sourve towards the area to be lighted.

Abstract: A "wall wash" assembly for use with a ceiling mounted, recessed lighting fixture comprising a reflector housing having an open end, includes a ring member dimensioned for receipt in the open end of the reflector housing. A concentric ring segment is mounted on the ring member for movement 360.degree. thereabout. An auxiliary reflector is mounted on the ring segment for movement therewith. Positioning of the auxiliary reflector by movement of the ring segment with respect to the ring member provides a desired "wall wash" illumination pattern. An optional baffle member is receivable on the ring member opposite the auxiliary reflector for blocking light emanating from the reflector housing to be excluded in the "wall wash" illumination pattern.

Abstract: A reflector assembly for an indirect or semi-indirect, ceiling supported lighting fixture includes a reflector housing having a top wall comprising a main reflective surface, the main reflective surface being sloped predeterminedly downwardly and inwardly from the housing perimeter to a central aperture defined in the main reflective surface. A high-intensity discharge lamp is predeterminedly positioned in the central aperture for directing light toward the reflective surface from which the light is reflected upwardly toward the ceiling support. A second cup-shaped reflector is positioned beneath the main reflective surface in alignment with the central aperture and in surrounding relation with respect to the lamp. The cup-shaped reflector is spaced slightly from the main reflective surface to define a gap therebetween. The lower wall of the housing includes a translucent panel which is illuminated by light from the lamp passing through the gap.

Abstract: To provide for combined direct and indirect illumination of scenes or objs to be photographed or recorded, a halogen incandescent lamp (1) is positioned in a reflector which has two reflector portions (5, 6) having relative light output of, for example, 1:6. The reflector portions are obtained by forming cut lines (9, 10) parallel to a plane passing through the apex of the reflector and the lamp axis (A), the relatively larger reflector portion (6) being pivotably mounted in the housing. Reflective flaps (11) preferably depend from the relatively larger reflector portion (6) to provide for reflective surfaces adjacent the relatively smaller reflector portion (5) when the relatively larger portion (6) is pivoted away from the lamp axis (FIG. 3- A). A disk (4) may be placed in front of the larger reflector portion (6).

Abstract: A lighting device operable with solar beams propagating through and emitting from the optical wave guides. A pair of spaced concave and convex reflecting members are provided to effectively diffuse the solar beams issuing from the exit end of the optical wave guides. One of the reflecting members may be constituted by a mirrored electric bulb in order to ensure the lighting device to operate also by electric power.

Abstract: A reflection-type optical focusing apparatus comprising an optical focusing system including at least two 4th-degree surface reflectors with their revolving symmetric axis formed by a line connecting the position of a point source and the point source focusing position, said reflectors being used in combination so that the light emitted from a point source placed at the point source position is focused to form a virtual point source at the point source focusing position, and a 4th-degree surface reflector with its cross-section, on a plane including the revolving symmetric axis, forming a part of an ellipse with its major axis having a certain inclination with respect to the revolving symmetric axis, said virtual point source being located at one focal point of the ellipse so that a light image in the shape of an arc band is obtained.

Abstract: A high intensity light table, for use with a stereomicroscope having movable rhomboid arms, has an illumination source and a reflector. The table also includes light diffusing members which are rotatably mounted thereto. The diffusing members have: (1) magnets affixed thereto which are responsive to movement of the rhomboid arms of the instrument; and (2) means therein for selectively passing a beam of high intensity illumination.

Abstract: A high intensity light table, for use with a stereomicroscope having movable rhomboid arms, has an illumination source and a reflector. The table also includes light diffusing members which are rotatably mounted thereto. The diffusing members have: (1) magnets affixed thereto which are responsive to movement of the rhomboid arms of the instrument; and (2) means therein for selectively passing a beam of high intensity illumination. An auxiliary reflector, which is rotatable about the source of illumination, may be employed to substantially increase the intensity of the beam of illumination.

Abstract: Methods and apparatus are disclosed for shaping illuminating beams from continuous duty searchlights or the like so as to minimize the effect of backscattered illumination and, to thereby increase the brightness contrast between illuminated target objects and background so as to improve visibility.

Abstract: An outdoor luminaire having a reflector adapted to provide uniform illumination of a relatively large, generally level surface. The reflector is comprised of a pair of side segments and contiguous concave top and bottom segments surrounding a light center. The top segment includes three cylindrical portions which are circular in section, the portion adjacent the top edge having its circular center well in front of the light center, while the other two circular cylindrical portions have their centers behind the light center. The bottom segment includes a transient portion and a cylindrical portion which is parabolic in section. The parabolic cylindrical portion is adjacent the bottom edge and has its foci at the light center. The side segments are tilted to reflect light from the light center directly out of the luminaire.

Abstract: In a lighting fixture, a light source is partially surrounded by a reflector system mounted in a housing to direct light from the light source out through an aperture in the front of the housing. The reflector is cylindrically and parabolically shaped to provide a cut-off above a selected vertical angle and to provide a decreasing intensity with decreasing vertical angles from a maximum intensity to effect uniform distribution. A lens is provided in the aperture to achieve uniform distribution through a wide horizontal angle. The reflector system and the light source are pivotable within the housing about a fixed horizontal axis to adjust the vertical cut-off angle and the angle of the maximum intensity. A fixed reflector is mounted near the top of the aperture on the front wall of the housing to get more sideways distribution of the light when the light source is pivoted toward the back of the housing.

Abstract: A light fixture having an optically diffusive viewing element having a viewing area across which apparent uniform brightness is achieved from a conventional light source and reflector by utilization of a light aperture. The light aperture comprises a tralucent substrate to which a plurality of reflective surfaces are affixed so as to partially redirect light incident thereon back to the reflector. Apparent uniform brightness of the light fixture viewing area is derived by a unique method of dividing the light from the light source into varying portions of direct and indirect illumination through the light aperture as well as direct illumination from the light source and indirect reflection from the reflector to the viewing area.

Abstract: A slit illuminating device of a compact size which is capable of performing effective illumination on an image original having a certain amount of thickness such as books, bound documents, etc., the surface of which slightly separates off an original image mounting table when it is placed thereon with its surface to be illuminated being faced down to the table, and which is also capable of uniformly illuminating a slit portion irrespective of slight positional displacement of a light source, whereby the image original can be broadly illuminated with divergent rays from an oblique lower direction in a substantially symmetrical manner.

Abstract: An annular illuminator comprising a spheric mirror, an elliptic mirror and a circular cylindric mirror. Flux received directly from the source is reflected by the elliptic mirror and then by the cylindric mirror. Flux not directed initially toward the elliptic mirror is first reflected by the spheric mirror and then by the elliptic and cylindric mirrors.

Abstract: A light collection system for projectors, such as light valve projectors, has a compound reflector associated with an arc lamp. The compound reflector includes an ellipsoidal reflector positioned to collect a portion of the light from the arc lamp and reflect a direct image of the light in a beam to an image forming plane of the projector and a spherical reflector positioned to collect another portion of the light from the arc lamp and reflect it back through the gap of the arc lamp to the ellipsoidal reflector to be reflected as a secondary image of the light from the lamp in the beam. The ellipsoidal and spherical reflectors are formed as full, uninterrupted surfaces of revolution. To provide uniform light distribution, the beam is directed through a pair of spaced lens plates, each having corresponding arrays, in rows and columns, of rectangular lenticules.

Abstract: An electric lamp reflector comprising a pair of similar, substantially hemispherical reflectors open at the outer ends and having inner openings coaxial with the central axis and said reflectors being nested together and uniformly spaced apart a limited distance except at the inner ends where cylindrical extensions are provided to engage each other and also fit only a cylindrical outer surface of a plastic electric lamp socket holder, the outer reflector having a circular row of holes therein spaced a limited distance from said cylindrical extension and adapted to permit circulation of ambient air to and from the inner reflector and lamp socket holder to render the temperature of the outer reflector safe to human touch.

Abstract: A garden light fixture is provided comprising a cylindrical housing about which a plurality of shades extend. The intermediate and top shade are secured to the housing by means of keyways formed integral with the shades which engage and are captured by slots formed in the housing.

Abstract: A compact slit illuminating device for use in a copier or the like, wherein a part of the reflecting surface of the upper reflector, partially encircling a light source, is provided with a function which is the same as that of a lower reflector, to achieve a uniform light distribution over the slit, wherein such reflectors are suitable for use in combination with a compound eye lens of a short conjugate length.

Abstract: A light-collecting reflector for use with a source of light comprises a main reflector having a central parabolic reflecting surface and an outer ellipsoidal reflecting surface surrounding the central surface. The main reflector is adapted to have a source of light placed along its central axis. A secondary reflector having a reflecting surface facing the reflector surfaces of the main reflector and having an open central portion to allow light to pass therethrough, is positioned in front of the main reflector so that light striking the reflector surface of the secondary reflector is reflected back toward the reflecting surfaces of the main reflector. The reflecting surface of the secondary reflector is arcuate with radii that emanate from a circle which is concentric with the center axis of the main reflector.

Abstract: An armored light projector is provided, having a linear light source arranged at the focal axis of a reflector unit capable of projecting a light beam of parallel rays having a substantially rectangular cross-section, the light source being mounted in a rear bottom recess of the reflector unit such as not to be directly visible from the front of the projector. The recess within which the light source is mounted is shielded by an armor assembly against direct impact of a projectile aimed at the front or at the sides of the projector. The projector has shock-absorbing suspension means capable of supporting the linear light source and affording means allowing its connection to a suitable external electric power supply. Means may be provided for protecting the rear and the top of the reflector unit against shocks and or blows, and means may be also provided for improving the cooling of the projector.

Abstract: In a lighting fixture, glare-free uniform illumination is achieved by means of a plurality of nested generally frusto-conical reflectors surrounding the light source of the fixture. The reflectors are shaped and positioned relative to one another and to the light source to concentrate light in the range of 65 to 71 degrees from downward vertical and to cause the intensity of the light to progressively decrease as the angle from downward vertical decreases from 65 degrees toward zero. The projected light from the fixture is concentrated in the 65 to 71 degree range from downward vertical in part by light radiated from the source at near horizontal and higher angles being doubly reflected between the frusto-conical reflectors and then projected in the high angle range. The reflectors are positioned relative to one another, to the light source and to baffles, to cut off any light from being projected at an angle from downward vertical greater than 75 degrees.

Abstract: A light projecting apparatus consists of a concave, substantially prolate-spheroidal reflector having a major axis coincident with the optical axis of the apparatus and a metal halide high intensity discharge source positioned at a first focal point of the reflector and inclined with respect to the optical axis of the apparatus at an angle of approximately 30.degree.. .Iadd.