Abstract: The present invention relates to a component for a motor-vehicle lighting or indicator device. According to the invention, it consists of a transparent material within which light-diffusion foci consisting of local discontinuities are situated only at predetermined locations in order to diffuse the light emitted by a light source associated with the lighting or indicator device.

Abstract: An information display system having an output display for presenting information. Optical means are provided that deflect an illumination beam path into the field of view of the observer. Further, a subdividable output display is created that makes it possible to partly obtain information in a vehicle via a head-up display and partly via a traditional or back-projection display. Given seats arranged in rows, for example in airplanes or buses, back rests of preceding seats contain an output display and a communication interface to the seat of the viewer.

Abstract: An open type luminaire lens including a non-circular reflective lens having a metalized exterior surface and a prism section, the non-circular reflective lens having a shape generally defined by the combination of two parabolas, the prism section including and array of external reflecting prisms of varying predetermined shapes and varying predetermined sizes for use in providing a desired efficient light distribution.

Abstract: A projector type lamp can include a projection lens formed by combining together projection lens elements obtained by processing a plurality of projection lenses that can be substantially identical in optical axis center Z, focal length, and focal point, yet different in outer diameter. The projection lens can appear substantially rectangular when viewed in an optical axis direction. Boundary portions between the plurality of processed projection lens elements can be composed of a line connecting points of intersection between a contour line of the projection lens and a line defining a part of each unprocessed projection lens element at which thickness is substantially zero. The lens surfaces of the processed projection lens elements can be continuous with one another through stepped portions that are parallel to the optical axis of the projection lens.

Abstract: A light assembly having a light source and a ring lens radially surrounding the light source for substantially collimating light from the light source. There is a prism ring having at least two prism bands surrounding the ring lens and receiving light from it. One of the prism bands is defined by a plurality of reflecting prisms and another of the prism bands is a refracting band. In another arrangement a multi-prism ring reflector surrounds the ring lens and is arranged to have total internal reflection except for exit faces formed therein which are substantially at right angles to the substantially collimated light from the light source. The ring prism bands may be of the same vertical height or they may have different vertical heights with respect to each other. In a further arrangement a prism ring includes at least two prism bands surrounding the ring lens and receiving light therefrom.

Abstract: An illuminating optical system includes a light source device for emitting a substantially parallel light beam, a first lens array for dividing the light beam into a plurality of sub light beams, and a superimposing lens for superimposing the sub light beams on a surface to be illuminated. In the first lens array, the size of each of the small lenses disposed on the outer periphery is set to be smaller than the size of each of the small lenses disposed on the center so that light application areas formed by the plurality of sub light beams emitted from the plurality of small lenses have substantially the same size within a predetermined error range. Therefore, light emitted from a light source can be efficiently utilized.

Abstract: A light emitting device in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention includes a diffractive optical element, a first light emitting diode emitting first light having a first range of wavelengths, and a second light emitting diode emitting second light having a second range of wavelengths. The first light is directed onto the diffractive optical element at a first range of angles of incidence, and the second light is directed onto the diffractive optical element at a second range of angles of incidence. The diffractive optical element diffracts at least a portion of the first light and at least a portion of the second light into the same range of angles of diffraction to obtain light having a desired range of wavelengths. A light emitting device in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention can efficiently mix the outputs of two or more light emitting diodes to form a substantially uniform output of, for example, white light.

Abstract: An illumination device or a flash device of a camera includes a light source, a first optical unit and a second optical unit. The first optical unit is arranged to direct light from the light source to an object, and has a lens part disposed a middle portion of the first optical unit and having such an optical power that each of both lens surfaces thereof has a positive refractive power to cause diverging light from the light source to exit in a light-collected state, and reflective surfaces disposed on both sides of the lens part and arranged to reflect light from the light source toward the object. The second optical unit is disposed on a side nearer to the object than the first optical unit and having a plurality of lens parts. An illumination angle is varied by varying a relative interval between the first optical unit and the second optical unit.

Abstract: A vehicle lamp such as a rear combination lamp comprising: a reflex reflector lens that is fitted in a front lens of the lamp so as to reflect the light from the outside the vehicle lamp back to the outside, and a light reflector that is formed in the front lens so as to face the reflex reflector lens and to entirely reflect the light from a light source toward the light source. The vehicle reflex reflector lens is made of a material that has a lower heat resistance than the front lens.

Abstract: A highly efficient luminaire. The luminaire includes a light source that emits light. The emitted light is redirected by a light transformer having a curved circular reflective interior surface, the reflective interior surface reflecting the light in a predetermined pattern. A substantial amount of light being may be reflected close to an axis coincident with a radial line defining a radius of the circular reflective interior surface. Additionally, a substantial amount of light may be reflected in a pattern with low divergency or parallel with an axis of the light transformer. The light is transmitted to the exterior of the luminaire by an optical window.

Abstract: An LED indication lamp having desired luminous intensity distribution characteristics without need for any light-emitting diode of special shape. The LED indication lamp comprising a plurality of light-emitting diodes and having specified luminous intensity distribution characteristics is further provided with a condenser lens. The light-emitting diodes are arranged in a pattern corresponding to a luminous intensity distribution pattern determined according to the luminous intensity distribution characteristics. The light-emitting diodes thus arranged and the condenser lens are arranged so that the light emitted from the light-emitting diodes in the luminous intensity distribution pattern through the condenser lens satisfies the luminous intensity distribution characteristics.

Abstract: An optical attachment 10 for a light source, in particular for a light-emitting diode 12, exhibits an inner lens area 14 which surrounds an optical axis 13 of the optical attachment 10 for inner light beams 15 emitted from the light source and an outer reflector area 16 for outer light beams 17 of the light source which surrounds the inner lens area 14 in a ring-like manner. Due to this combination of refraction in the inner lens area and reflection in the outer reflector area, the dimensions of the optical attachment can be kept relatively small and, in comparison to a lens or a reflector, more light can be collected and the point-shaped light diode can be imaged on the exiting side as a large area light appearance.

Abstract: The invention relates to a lighting installation, in particular as a danger light, obstruction light or day and night marker, having at least one luminaire, with at least one lighting means (13) being arranged in a housing. According to the invention, the lighting means (13) is annular or semi-annular in design and defines a ring axis (19). Furthermore, the lighting means (13) is assigned at least one reflector surface (11) which encircles an axis of rotation (21) entirely or in part. Finally, ring axis and axis of rotation run essentially parallel or even coaxial to one another.

Abstract: A light-guiding plate has an incidence surface, an end surface formed on the side opposed to the incidence surface, and an optical surface having a surface opposed to the emission surface. The optical surface is constituted by a large number of continuous optical elements, each optical element having a curved surface which refracts part of light introduced from the incidence surface toward the end surface at a low angle along a plane parallel to the emission surface, and an inclined surface which refracts part of light refracted by the curved surface toward the emission surface.

Abstract: A luminaire for creating a uniform light pattern on an architectural surface, in the form of uniformly diminishing light with the distance from the light source. The luminaire includes a quasi point light source arranged vertically in the vicinity of an architectural surface, and a multi-zone refractor assembly radially surounding the light source and bending the light from the source toward the architectural surface. There is a reflector above the light source for reflecting light from the source toward the architectural surface. The refractor assembly may include a Fresnel lens, a lower refracting condenser ring, a toroidal reflector, or a conical reflecting surface. The uppermost zone of the refractor assembly can include a reflector structure which collects and projects 180 degrees of the light from the light source in the same radial zone as the reflector structure toward and onto an upper conical reflector, and the reflector structure can include a parabolic reflector and a conical reflector.

Abstract: A vehicle tail light has a housing having a light source chamber and a light window delimiting one side of the light source chamber. A first light source provides a first signaling function and a second light source provides a second signaling function. The first and second light sources are mounted in the light source chamber remote from the light window. A first reflector, having a first horizontal reflection angle, and a second reflector, having a second horizontal reflection angle, are mounted in the housing opposite the light window. The first light source emits light being reflected at the first reflector onto the light window and passing through the light window to the exterior of the tail light. The second light source emits light being reflected at the second reflector onto the light window and passing through the light window to the exterior of the tail light. The second reflection angle is different from the first reflection angle.

Abstract: A reflector for a lighting fixture comprising a substantially bell shaped reflector wall with top and bottom openings and a substantially parabolic cross-section. The reflector wall includes an inner surface having a first top portion that is textured for diffusing light rays from the light source of the fixture, and a second bottom portion that has a smooth surface allowing the light rays to pass through the reflector. The reflector wall also has an outer surface with a plurality of curvilinear prisms for reflecting the light rays. The inner and outer surfaces of the reflector create an even distribution of light emanating therefrom.

Abstract: An illuminated frontlit display includes a front light guide having at least one light input face that supplies light to the guide, a viewing face, and a light output face opposite the viewing face, the light output face having a light extraction layer thereon, the extraction layer having a substantially flat light exit face and containing buried reflective facets that extract supplied light from the guide through the light exit face to a reflective light valve and back through the viewing face of the guide to a viewer.

Abstract: The present invention includes a backlight system incorporating a back reflector and/or a lamp cavity reflector constructed of a multilayer optical film.

Abstract: A motor vehicle indicator light has an elongate light source, highly inclined with respect to a required beam spread direction and a reflector in which the source is mounted. The reflector includes a mirror able to create, from part of the source situated opposite it, a primary virtual light source parallel to the required direction of spread and means for concentrating the light radiation coming from the said primary virtual source in the vicinity of a plane containing the required beam spread direction.

Abstract: A vehicle lamp having a hollow body lens unit constructed by integrally forming a lamp body and a front lens which constitute a lamp chamber, a light source provided in the body lens unit, and a diffusion step such as a cylindrical step having step elements, each of which has constant directivity, the diffusion step being provided on the outer surface of the lens portion of the body lens unit. The step elements of the diffusion step on the outer surface of the lens portion are lined up in a predetermined direction and each have directivity, so that the mud and dust do not easily stick to each step element.

Abstract: A vehicle headlamp including a light source bulb installed on an optical axis that extends in a longitudinal direction of a vehicle, a reflector having a reflective surface for reflecting a light from the light source bulb forward, and a shade for blocking part of a light directly irradiated from the light source bulb. Still further, the shade is comprised of a shade body that surrounds a front-end portion of the light source bulb around the optical axis and a mount stay that supports the shade body and an outer circumferential surface of the shade body is provided with a corrugated diffusion portion formed thereon so as to diffusely reflect a light admitted thereto.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a component for a motor-vehicle lighting or indicator device. According to the invention, it consists of a transparent material within which light-diffusion foci consisting of local discontinuities are situated only at predetermined locations in order to diffuse the light emitted by a light source associated with the lighting or indicator device.

Abstract: A prism unit has transmitting/totally-reflecting surfaces, which cross each other, formed using at least one prism. Light emanating from a light source falls on the prism unit. The light is transmitted or totally reflected from the transmitting/totally-reflecting surfaces according to an angle of incidence at which the light falls on the prism unit. Consequently, transmitted light is radiated forwards, while totally-reflected light is directed laterally. A reflecting member is located laterally in order to cover the prism unit, whereby light totally reflected laterally by the prism unit is reflected forwards. Since the prism unit is integrated with the reflecting member, light emanating from the light source can be efficiently converged on a narrow forward effective area.

Abstract: Light guiding device for an elongate light source having a body of substantially tubular or tube sector shape of transparent material for substantially coaxially receiving the light source and provided at its internal surface with grooves, notches or the like extending parallel to the axis of the body and engaging each other.

Abstract: A projection-type vehicle light includes a light source, a front lens that includes a plurality of aspherical lenses, and a reflector unit for directing reflected light rays incident to a corresponding aspherical lens. A plurality of elipse group reflector units can be used having a common first focus located round the light source, and a plurality of second foci respectively positioned between a focus of a corresponding aspherical lens and a front of the corresponding aspherical lens. The projection-type vehicle light provides a unique appearance with superior transparency of the front lens and a three dimensional feeling when viewed. The projection-type vehicle light also has a high efficiency of light rays reflected by a reflecting surface incident to an aspherical lens, and provides horizontally wide and highly uniform light distribution patterns.

Abstract: A vehicular lamp having an inner lens is described. In an implementation, an annular wall 18A surrounding an optic axis Ax of a reflector 14 is formed on the inner lens 18 disposed between am outer lens 16 and a reflecting surface 14a of the reflector 14. The inner lens 18 is divided by the annular wall 18A into an internal zone 18B and an external zone 18C which may be different from each other in convex-concave lens shape. The internal zone 18B may be formed of a translucent lens, and a plurality of grid-type lens elements 18Cs may be formed over the entire rear surface of the external zone 18C. Thus, an observer viewing the interior of a lighting chamber from a location in front of the lamp will see that the internal zone 18B and the external zone 18C, which are divided by the annular wall 18A, are significantly different. The configuration of elements provides a vehicular lamp that is visually attractive.

Abstract: A vehicular lamp fixture, such as an indicator lamp, having an improved external appearance and originality. Diffusion lens elements are arranged at predetermined positions offset from a lamp fixture optical axis of an inner lens. The lens element optical axes of the diffusion lens elements pass through a boundary that divides the reflective surface of a reflector into an inner peripheral area and an outer peripheral area, each of which approaches a paraboloid of revolution centered on the lamp fixture optical axis. The reflective surface is formed as a curved surface curving forward of the paraboloid of revolution P. Light from a filament is irradiated as convergent light in a radial direction onto the diffusion lens elements, causing the diffusion lens elements to shine brightly and causing an image of the filament to appear reflected at central positions of the diffusion lens elements when seen from the front of the lamp fixture.

Abstract: A luminaire for distributing light from a light source (7). The luminaire includes one or more reflectors (2, 3), placed symmetrically about the lamp (7) to reflect the light output from the lamp (7). One or more light spreading devices (4, 5) are provided around the reflectors (2, 3) to receive the light reflected by the reflectors (2, 3). Such a luminaire provides for uniform distribution of light while minimizing glare from the light fitting.

Abstract: A display system (800) combining light from two sources into a single light beam that is modulated by a light valve to form an image. Light from a first light source (802) is anamorphically focused along a first light path by a first lens group (804) and a second lens group (806). The first and second lens groups are typically cylindrical lenses having perpendicular axes. The two lens groups focus the light from the first light source onto an integrating rod (808). In a similar manner, light from a second light source (810) is anamorphically focused along a second light path by a first lens group (812) and a second lens group (814) onto the same integrating rod (808). Light from the integrating rod (808) illuminates a light valve (816). Light valve (816) typically is a micromirror device or a liquid crystal panel. The light valve modulates the light from the integrating rod (808) to form a modulated light beam that is focused by projection optics (822) onto an image plane (824).

Abstract: A luminaire lens assembly having a top lens including an external reflecting area and a bottom lens with an external refracting area and an internal refracting area, wherein the internal refracting area has at least three concentric prismatic areas, a first concentric prismatic area having a first defined number of prisms, a second concentric prismatic area disposed directly adjacent the first concentric area having a second defined number of prisms at least 1.5 times as great as the first defined number of prisms, and a third concentric prismatic area disposed directly adjacent the second concentric area having a third defined number of prisms at least 1.5 times as great as the second defined number of prisms whereby the first concentric prismatic area further defines a radius, the second concentric prismatic area defines a second radius at least 1.5 times as great as the first concentric prismatic radius, and the third concentric prismatic area defines a third radius at least 1.

Abstract: A lighting device (26) for arrangement on the external or internal rear view mirror of a motor vehicle is provided with a light source (27), the light rays of which emerge at a mirror housing opening and are deflected at a transparent light refraction element (33) arranged in the beam path. The plate-like light refraction element (33) has, at least on one side, a surface structure (36) by means of which the light refraction element is divided into several light refraction zones. To achieve a deflection of the light into a preferred direction the light refraction element (33) is designed in the manner of a Fresnel prism (33), the light refraction zones corresponding to prism zones of a prism body which are pushed together in stepwise manner. To intensify the deflection of the light beam into the preferred direction a decentralized condenser lens (31) may be arranged in front of the Fresnel prism (33).

Abstract: The present invention is for a lighting means having light emitting diodes. The invention is primarily intended to be used for light signals, e.g. traffic signals. The object of the present invention is a lighting means of the above mentioned kind having light emitting diodes which are arranged in rows and a lens to obtain the desired light pattern. The lighting means comprises a lens (1) and a number of light emitting diodes (3) which are mounted onto the same plate or circuit card (4). The device is enclosed in a common outer enclosure or housing (3). The lens is based upon a cylindrical structure. The inner surface which faces the light emitting diodes is divided into several bands (5) having a linear lens structure where there is one band corresponding to each row of the light emitting diodes. The band (5) is then divided into non-spherical subsurfaces (11, 12, 13, 14).

Abstract: A lamp is composed of a light source, a composite reflector consisting of a plurality of reflecting surface units, and aspheric lenses provided to correspond to the individual reflecting surface units. The composite reflector includes a first and a second reflecting surface units. Each of the first reflecting surface units is formed of a reflecting surface configuration obtained by cutting, radially around a center axis of the light source, a portion from a spheroid having a first focal point located on the center axis and adjacent the light source and a second focal point located on a line passing through the first focal point and tilted appropriately from the center axis such that the cut portion spans a range of 15° to 90° around the center axis. Each of the second reflecting surface units is composed of a second reflecting surface configuration obtained by similarly cutting a portion from a spheroid having a second focal point located external to the first reflecting surface configuration.

Abstract: A transparent lightguide (3) which guide light at least from one side end plane is characterized in that a large number of speckled, solid-line shaped or broken-line shaped protruding patterns whose cross-sectional width W (&mgr;m) at a cross section perpendicular to the axis of a linear light source is 10≦W≦200 are arranged on a light emitting surface at a low density in a region close to the linear light source and at a high density in a region far from the linear light source so as to make the luminance distribution of the light emitted from the light emitting surface approximately uniform. Here, the cross section of the protruding pattern is preferable to be approximately trapezoidal while having a straight part partially and the ratio H/W to be 0.2≦H/W≦1.0, where W and H denote cross-sectional width and height of the protruding pattern, respectively, or the cross section of the protruding pattern is preferable to be approximately circular-arc and the ratio H/W to be 0.2≦H/W≦0.

Abstract: A headlight for a vehicle operating in accordance with the projection principle, the headlight has a reflector, a light source, a lens through which a light reflected by the reflector passes, at least one partially light-permeable element which surrounds the lens at least over a part of its periphery, so that light which is emitted by the light source and not engaged by the reflector passes through and is collected by the at least one element, wherein, the reflector and the lens being formed so that light which is reflected by the reflector and passes through the lens forms an upper bright-dark limit, the element being formed at least locally as a fresnel lens with ring-shaped optical profiles, and further optical profiles arranged at least in a part of a beam path of the light passing through the element and deviating the light so that it illuminates a region in front of the vehicle above the bright-dark limit formed by the light reflected by the reflector and passing through the lens.

Abstract: A vehicular lamp including a lamp body having a U-shaped recess portion defining a lamp chamber and an opening; a light source disposed in the lamp chamber; a lens covering the opening of the lamp body; a fish-eye lens portion formed of at least one fish-eye lens; a cylindrical lens portion formed of at least one cylindrical lens, the fish-eye lens portion and the cylindrical lens portion arranged on a surface of the lens with a thickness of the fish-eye lens portion being substantially equal to a thickness of the cylindrical lens portion.

Abstract: A lighting device (100) for an automobile has a light source (101), a reflector (102), and a convergent lens (103) positioned in front of the reflector in order to form an illuminating light beam. The reflector is of the hyperbolic type with an internal focus (F.sub.1), and an external focus (F.sub.2) positioned behind said reflector in a region of the focus of said convergent lens, the light source being placed in a region of the internal focus of said reflector so that the latter forms a virtual light source in the region of the focus of said convergent lens.

Abstract: A lamp including a light source, a petaline reflector, and aspheric lenses. The petaline reflector is formed of a plurality of reflecting surface units combined radially around the center axis of the light source. Each of the reflecting surface units is obtained by cutting, radially around the center axis, a portion from a spheroid having a first focal point located on the center axis and adjacent the light source and a second focal point located on a line passing through the first focal point and tilted appropriately from the center axis such that the cut portion spans a range of 15.degree. to 60.degree. around the center axis. The aspheric lenses are disposed to correspond to the respective second focal points of the reflecting surface units of the petaline reflector and converge reflected light beams from the respective reflecting surface units. Shades for forming a light distribution pattern are disposed at the respective near-focal points of the aspheric lenses.

Abstract: A motor vehicle headlight comprising a light source, a reflector and a cover lens. The reflector generates a pre-formed light beam such that its modification by any optical elements on the cover lens is unnecessary. The cover lens receives, from at least a substantial part of the reflector, radiation having a mean angle of incidence in a horizontal plane which varies progressively with horizontal displacement over the cover lens. The cover lens includes a set of striations for lateral deflection of the light, with each striation having an individual angular distribution law which is determined by the orientation of the light from the reflector and by the lateral spreading characteristic of the striation. The spreading characteristics of the striations are determined in such a way that the aggregate angular distribution law of the different striations has a curve which is essentially flat.

Abstract: A surface light source device, comprising a light source (2); a light conductor (1) which has a light incident face (11) on at least one side end surface thereof which confronts the light source (2), and a light emitting face (12) on one surface thereof which is substantially perpendicular to the light incident face (11); and a light angle varying sheet (3) which is disposed at a side of the light emitting face (12) of the light conductor (1), wherein at least one of the light emitting face (12) and a back surface (13) of the light conductor (1) comprises a minute structure having an average slant angle of 0.5 to 7.5 degrees. The light angle varying sheet (3) may comprise a prism sheet having a plurality of prisms (31) which are formed parallel to one another on at least one surface thereof.

Abstract: A lamp with a faceted spiral reflector and a spiral faceted lens is disclosed. The lamp with spiral reflector and spiral lens yields a smooth circular beam pattern with a perceived sharp beam edge. The source image is well dispersed, and the beam illumination is visually smooth.

Abstract: A device is provided to diffuse a beam of light, the device consisting of a plurality of truncated cells nested together along their respective sidewalls for collecting and diffusing the light rays as they extend along the plurality of cells having an expansive, tapered interior volume. The device diffuses the main light beam in a headlamp, for example, thereby substantially reducing the glare experienced by oncoming drivers and permitting high beams of the headlamp to be used in the presence of the oncoming drivers. The device of the present invention is retrofitable to existing headlamps. In another embodiment of the present invention, a concave lens is disposed in the headlamp assembly to diffuse the main light beam prior to it entering the truncated cells, while each one of the cells of the dispersion device is also provided with its own respective concave lens to augment the diffusing effect.

Abstract: A vehicle lamp comprises: a lamp body; and a lens disposed in front of the lamp body, forming a lamp chamber with the lamp body, wherein at least an area forming part of the inner surface of the lamp body or the lens is divided into a plurality of elements, and the cross sectional configuration of each element in two directions meeting at right angles comprises a concave curve in one direction and a convex curve in the other.

Abstract: A highly efficient, luminous and energy-saving panel-form illuminating system suitable for mass-production, comprising at least a photoconductor, a linear light source at one side of the photoconductor, and a reflector; wherein grooves or protrusions are formed on the bottom surface of the photoconductor.

Abstract: An indirect luminaire having a housing with a top opening and a light source in the housing is provided with an exposed lens reflector system positioned over the top opening of the housing for receiving and redirecting source light from a position above the light source. The lensed reflector system includes an outer refracting lens element having a lens surface observable from below the luminaire and a substantially diffuse reflector substrate for the lens element. This system produces a light distribution pattern substantially governed by the internal reflection and refraction characteristics of the lens element and controlled brightness characteristics on the observable lens surface substantially governed by the diffuse reflection characteristics of the reflector substrate. A lens tower is suitably provided for holding the lensed reflective system in its operative position over the top opening of the luminaire housing.

Abstract: A method for precise design of light distribution for lighting equipment that use light-emitting devices, and for subsequently producing such equipment. By modeling the internal structure of an LED device with respect to the geometry and characteristics of a chip portion, chip reflector and lens portion, illuminating light from an LED device is classified into direct light from the chip portion and the reflected light from the chip reflector. The unknown values necessary for the modeling are specified preliminarily by actual measurements. Subsequently, the original geometry of the lens step is determined roughly based on the target direction and the diffusion angle of the light transmitted through the step. The manner in which the direct light from the chip portion and the reflected light from the chip reflector are transmitted through the lens portion and the lens step is simulated by ray tracing.

Abstract: A reflective-refractive lighting jacket has a first reflective and second refractive surface for surrounding a tubular light source in the interior of the jacket. A first reflective section reflects light from the source, and a second refractive section transmits light from the source and from the reflecting section. Both sections are forms in cross section that have a focal point in the interior of the jacket. Flutes in the jacket create various images and projected beams so that many different images and projected lines of the source are formed to provide for distributing light while minimizing actual diffusion.

Abstract: An improved luminaire assembly having an HID lighting source with an upper reflector portion and a lower refractor portion. This luminaire assembly provides downlight control and glare control properties for a concentrated, narrowly spaced downwardly directed illumination. The downward light control below horizontal to uniformly distribute downward directing the light rays below horizontal to angle in the range between 30.degree. to 50.degree. vertical.

Abstract: A reflector includes one closed end, one open end and highly reflecting curving walls. The walls are symmetrical about at least one axis of symmetry. The walls include a first segment and other segments. Briefly described, according to one aspect of the present invention, a camera flash unit for illumination of an associated target area has a light source providing light defined as light rays, a reflector directing the light rays from the light source towards the associated target surface and a refractive lens component. The reflector includes one closed end, one open end and highly reflecting curving walls. The walls are symmetrical about at least one axis of symmetry. The refractive lens component is located at the open end of the reflector. It has two surfaces--a back side surface facing said light source and a front side surface. One of the surfaces has a cylindrical shape, the other of the two surfaces has a toroidal shape.