Abstract: An efficient, luminous and energy-saving panel-form illuminating system suitable for mass-production, comprising at least a photoconductor, a linear light source at one side of the photoconductor, and a reflector; wherein grooves or protrusions are formed on the bottom surface of the photoconductor.

Abstract: An optical device and a multisurface reflector which can be used for this purpose, which has high uniformity of the illumination intensity on the entire surface of an area to be illuminated, and a small shape, and in which a high utilization factor of the light can be obtained is achieved according to the invention by there being a multisurface concave reflector which is composed of numerous mirror elements which combine to form a concave reflection surface of a generally oval shape. A light source lamp is arranged such that an emission part of it is positioned along the center axis of the multisurface reflector, and a lens plate is located in front of the multisurface reflector on a plane perpendicular to its center axis. The lens plate a plurality of lens elements which each correspond number to the number of mirror elements on the reflector.

Abstract: The present invention comprises a lighting unit having a light source emitting light, a reflector placed behind the light source for reflecting the emitted light, and a lens held in front of the light source. The lens is substantially flat and circular. The lens has a predetermined structure that comprises a light-emitting surface and a light-incident surface opposing the light-emitting surface. The light-incident surface of the lens is formed into a vertically oriented high-frequency waveform. In the first embodiment of the lens, the light-emitting surface is substantially flat and the high-frequency waveform is obtained from a combination of a first primary waveform and the third harmonic of the first primary waveform; that is, the high-frequency waveform is derived from the equation ##EQU1## The first embodiment of the lens spreads the emitted light with a graduated distribution horizontally about 20 degrees as measured from the edge of the lens.

Abstract: A reflector includes one closed end, one open end and highly reflecting curving walls. The walls are symmetrical about at least one axis of symmetry. The walls include a first segment and other segments. The first segment has a curved shape and is located at the closed end of the reflector. The first of segment directs most of the light rays incident on it across the axis of symmetry at crossover points, prior to the rays striking the associated target surface. Most of the light rays striking the walls of the first segment near the closed end of the reflector are having crossover points near the light source. Most of the light rays striking the walls of the first segment progressively further away from the closed end of the reflector are having crossover points located progressively closer to the associated target surface. The other segments direct nearly all of light rays incident on the walls of the other segments towards a portion of the associated surface.

Abstract: An illuminating device for a projector, includes: a lamp for emitting light; a parabolic mirror for converting the light emitted from the lamp into parallel light rays by reflecting the light emitted from the lamp; a convex lens for refracting the parallel light rays which have been reflected by the parabolic mirror, and also converting directly input light from the lamp which is not reflected by the parabolic mirror into parallel light rays; and a combination lens composed of a first lens and a second lens. The first lens is for focusing the light refracted by the convex lens at a predetermined focal point and the second lens is for focusing the parallel light rays converted by the convex lens at the focal point. An image lens is also provided for converting the light focused at the focal point into a parallel beam of light rays. Therefore, the efficiency of the use of light of a projector can be improved by adopting such an illuminating device.

Abstract: A lamp device for a vehicle is configured by a reflecting mirror, a lens in which lens steps for diffusing light are formed, and a light source positioned between the reflecting mirror and the lens. The reflecting mirror is divided into two portions by the vertical plane including the main optical axis of the reflecting mirror. A reflecting face is formed in the following manner. Reflected light from a portion which is positioned in one side with respect to the vertical plane propagates in a direction which is inclined with respect to the main optical axis and without intersecting the vertical plane including the main optical axis, and is then emitted through the lens steps formed in one portion of the lens.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for generating lumia patterns, using a low wattage incandescent light source having a source size of greater than one millimeter. The light source, a multiple-lensing filter and an imaging lens are tuned with each other to create a bright, reinforcing pattern from a relatively weak light source.

Abstract: From a quasi point source, light distribution means produce a selected one or ones of broadly distributed ambient light, non-shadowing task illumination, multibeam display lighting, projective lineal lighting and projective surface washing illumination lineally or radially distributed. Collimation optics shape light from a quasi point source into a disc of selected axial thickness. Containment optics contain divergence of and direct light from the collimation optics to distribution optics. The distribution optics modulates and redirects the radiant energy into a shape or shapes useful in illuminating architectural space. The distribution optics may reflect or refract light to direct and shape it for a particular architectural illumination requirement. The efficient combination of the optics provides for a system of minimized thickness, permitting maximum flexibility in integration with or within shelves, soffits and other structural members.

Abstract: An assembly for frontlighting or backlighting a display or other such arrangement requiring frontlighting or backlighting is disclosed herein. The assembly uses a light pipe with a set of specially configured microprisms to rotate the divergent angle of light. The divergent angle rotator is used with a flat collimator assembly for efficient display illuminating with light of a controllable degree of collimation in both dimensions.

Abstract: A portable general illumination lamp unit having very low power consumption (under 100 mA) and producing a high intensity light. A dual conductor wire protrudes from the lamp housing body to connect to a power source. The lamp housing has a housing body, a flush fitting lid and a downward facing lens. The housing body has an exterior surface suitable for light diffusion. A low power, high intensity light bulb is attached to conductors on the wire using insulated wire straps, and a strain relief member is molded onto the dual conductor wire. The strain relief member is fixed to the lid of the lamp housing and sealed in place with a waterproof epoxy, oriented so that the bulb will be positioned in the center of the housing body. The housing body receives the lid. The opposite end of the wire lead can connect for permanent mounting of the device, or attach to a plug appropriate for the power source desired. Alternatively, the dual conductor wire can connect to a switch and one or more batteries.

Abstract: The light output of a back-coupled illumination system is improved by recycling reflected and misdirected light rays. A reflector at the light source and an array of microprisms having reflective elements therebetween efficiently redirect errant light rays to increase the total available light output and improve efficiency. Both specular and diffuse reflective materials may be used in combination to enhance light output.

Abstract: A vehicular lamp which includes a lamp body having a front opening, a lens coupled to the front opening of the lamp body, a light source disposed within a lamp chamber defined by the lamp body and the lens, and convex and concave fish-eye lens steps arranged in a line direction thereof, wherein because step portions are formed at a boundary of the convex and concave lens steps and the convex lens steps and the concave lens steps are arranged to shift by half a pitch in a column direction thereof, optical images created by the convex and concave lens steps are focused on different points from each other in the front-rear direction of the lens or the lamp, to create an impression of the deep, three dimensional lamp inside.

Abstract: A planar luminescent device useful as a backlight for liquid crystal disp. The planar luminescent device comprises a synthetic resin sheet having at least one fold and a plurality of sheet sections foldable along this fold. A sheet holder is adapted to hold the sheet sections of the sheet, folded along the fold, in a predetermined accordion-like folded position. A reflective layer and a light emitting layer are respectively provided on the sheet sections defining opposite ends of the sheet. A light source emits light rays towards the reflective layer.

Abstract: A reduced package depth low profile lighting system has a light source emitting light at a solid lens for shaping the light to conform to governmental lighting standards. The solid lens has a first surface comprised of a plurality of conic section cylinders. Each of the cylinders has a length first focal line, a second focal line and a cylinder line. The first focal line is tangent to a package curve preferably defined by a circle preferably in the horizontal plane of the vehicle. The circle has a center and a predetermined radius length. The center is coincidence with the light source. Each of conic cylinders substantially collimates light in the vertical plane while spreading light in the horizontal plane within a predetermined angle from the optical axis.

Abstract: The lighting system for an automotive vehicle has uses smooth conic section solids to form a beam pattern. In one aspect of the invention the A/C ratio of the conic section solids are varied to collimate the light emitted in the vertical direction and spread light in the horizontal direction. In another aspect of the invention the A/C ratio of a hyperbolic conic section may remain the same while adding fluting to the outer surface of the lens to provide beam redirection.

Abstract: An indicator unit for a motor vehicle, in particular a so-called complementary rear stop light displaying a narrow strip of light, has a plurality of light sources aligned with each other in an elongate narrow housing. Each light source emits light in a given emission field. The unit includes optical means for redirecting the light emitted by the sources in a general emission direction, and an optic having optical elements for diffusing the output light of the unit. The redirecting means comprise lenses focussed in the vicinity of the respective light sources and directly exposed to the radiation emitted by the respective sources in a central part of their emission field, together with a cylindrical mirror which reflects towards the lenses the light emitted by the sources in at least an edge portion of their emission field.

Abstract: A vehicle lamp includes a reflection mirror, a front lens, and a light source arranged between the reflection mirror and the front lens in such a manner that the central axis of the light source is perpendicular to the principal optical axis. The reflection mirror is composed of a reflection surface having a large number of reflection steps which are defined by portions of paraboloids of revolution and are disposed between adjacent ones of lines of intersection obtained between a group of the paraboloids of revolution having different focal distances and a fundamental reflection surface of the reflection surface. Each reflection step is arranged to be extended substantially in the vertical direction, and square lens steps are formed on the front lens. Due to the foregoing, an arrangement tendency with respect to a set of projected images of the light source formed by the reflection step is matched with a section of the lens step on the front lens.

Abstract: A vehicle lamp which includes a reflection mirror, a front lens, and a light source arranged between the reflection mirror and the front lens. The central axis of the light source is perpendicular to the principal optical axis of the reflection mirror. On the reflection mirror, there is formed a reflection surface composed of a large number of reflection steps which are defined by portions of paraboloids of revolution and are formed between adjacent ones of closed curves. The closed curves are obtained as lines of intersection between a fundamental reflection surface and a group of paraboloids of revolution composed of a large number of paraboloids of revolution having different focal distances. Centers of the group of closed curves forming the boundaries of the reflection steps are arranged at a position distant from an intersection at which the principal optical axis of the reflection mirror crosses the reflection mirror, and square lens steps are formed on the front lens.

Abstract: The optical receiving body for at least one LED has an optical member with a receiving chamber for receiving the at least one LED. The LED emits light in a main direction of light emission. The receiving chamber has an inner wall with a parabolic wall section. The parabolic wall section is a first reflective surface for light beams emitted by the at least one LED. The exterior surface of the optical member is provided with at least one second reflective surface.

Abstract: A fog lamp or the like which provides a desired light distribution pattern by means of horizontally diffusing lens steps formed in a lens in the case either where a downward curve is provided in the outer end portion of the lens disposed in front of a reflector and inclined in right and left directions, and where reflected light enters the outer end portion of the lens diagonally from the rear. Horizontally diffusing lens steps situated in the outer end portion of the lens are formed in such a manner that, when the lens is viewed from ahead of the lamp, they are not seen extending in the perpendicular direction like the horizontally diffusing lens steps situated in the other portions of the lens, but appear curved and shifted from top toward bottom inwardly in the vehicle width direction while their right and left widths are narrowed. This allows the horizontally diffusing lens steps to be seen extending in the perpendicular direction when they are viewed from the entering direction of the reflected light.

Abstract: A lenticular lens containing a multiplicity of multi-sided lenticules useful with reflector lamps provides improved light distribution by having the lenticules oriented to avoid parallelism with a projected light image and distributed in a plurality of zones or bands concentric about said optical center. The size and light-spreading ability of the lenticules in each zone is selected to provide the desired light distribution. Parallelism is avoided by having the lenticules arrayed in a plurality of wedge-shaped sections circumferentially arranged in a circle around the optical center of the lens and extending through the zones with the lenticules in each section arrayed in a uniform, close-packed hexagonal array of parallel rows with the longitudinal axis of one of the rows being radially aligned with respect to the optical center of the lens, so that none of the sides of the lenticules are parallel to the light source image projected off the reflector.

Abstract: The front opening of a lamp body with a bulb disposed therein is covered with a lens. The lens is segmented into a plural number of segmental areas. A first fisheye step group composed of convex fisheye steps and a second fisheye step groups composed of concave fisheye steps are alternatingly formed in the segmental areas. In the first fisheye step group, real images of the light source are formed on the front side of the lens by the convex fisheye steps. In the second fisheye step groups, virtual images are formed on the rear side of the lens by the concave fisheye steps. The distance between the real and virtual images of the light source creates an appearance of depth for the lamp.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is a fluorescent lamp housing assembly capable of providing convection cooling to the lamp and the ballast. The lens of the present invention includes two distinct portions, a central portion and an apertured portion. The housing assembly further includes apertures so that air mass is able to freely move up through the assembly and out ventilation apertures.

Abstract: An information indicator suitable for information processors such as personal computers, word processors and the like includes a light source, a scattering plate which scatters light from the light source, an indicator plate irradiated with scattered light from the scattering plate, and a prism plate operatively arranged with respect to the scattering plate and the indicator plate and having a prism-like protuberance structure formed at a side thereof. The prism plate is so disposed that the prism-like protuberance structure faces the scattering plate, and the angle 2.theta. constituting the prism-like protuberance structure is defined by the formula, 2.theta..ltoreq.2/3.times.(.pi./2+2.times.arcsin (n'/n)), in this inequality, n is the refractive index of said prism plate medium, and n' is the refractive index of a material in which the prism plate is arranged.

Abstract: A light source apparatus using a condenser lens satisfying either condition (1) or (2).(1) 0.42<r1/nf<0.45 (1)18<.vertline.r2/nf.vertline.-0.39<K1<-0.250.11<.DELTA.2/f<0.140.4<r1/nf<0.6 (2)-0.5<r2/nf<-0.3-0.6<K1<-0.2-0.1<SG2/f<0.1where f:f: focal length of the whole lens systemn: refractive index of the lensr1: radius of center curvature of the first surfacer2: radius of center curvature of the second surfaceK1: conic constant of the first surface.DELTA.2: axial difference between the aspherical face of the outermost circular zone within the effective diameter of the second surface and a reference spherical face having the radius of center curvature of r2SG2: axial difference of the aspherical face of the outermost circular zone within the effective diameter of the second surface with respect to the center of the second surface.

Abstract: A vehicular lamp including a lamp body having a front opening, a reflector disposed at an inner-rear surface of the lamp body, a light source mounted at the central part of the lamp body for emitting a light beam, and an outer lens covering the front opening of the lamp body. The outer lens includes linearly extending steps such as concave or convex cylindrical lens and retroreflection steps. The linearly extending steps and the retroreflection steps are alternatingly arrayed.

Abstract: The front opening of a lamp body with a bulb attached thereto is covered with a lens. The lens includes a plural number of areas having horizonal and vertical cylindrical steps formed thereon. The areas including the horizonal cylindrical steps and the areas including the vertical cylindrical steps are alternately disposed.

Abstract: A vehicle light assembly includes a housing for attachment to a vehicle, a light source mounted to the housing, and a lens and/or reflector attached to the housing for controlling the distribution of light from the light source. The lens and/or reflector includes a surface with microvariations formed therein to define a holographic optical element that directs the light into a predetermined pattern for illuminating an area. The lens so formed simultaneously eliminates undesirable uneven light distribution such as glare, "spider webbing," light/dark patchiness and chromatic aberrations in and around the predetermined light pattern.

Abstract: An outer lens includes transparent segmental areas and first fisheye step groups, and an inner lens also includes transparent segmental areas and second fisheye step groups. The first and second fisheye step groups are shifted in the depth direction of the lamp so as to slightly overlap when viewed from the front side of the identification lamp.

Abstract: A casing and a closure plate of transparent, preferably, red color, and comprising one or several light filters provided between the light source and the closure plate, on the one hand, an intensive color impression of the closure plate is attained while the light source is turned off and, on the other hand, the light losses are reduced in that the closure plate is of a continuous coloring, the closure plate is subdivided into segments of varying plate thicknesses and the light filter is provided with recesses.

Abstract: A lamp for vehicles including a lamp body having a front opening, a reflector disposed at an inner-rear surface of the lamp body, a light source mounted at the central part of the lamp body for emitting a light beam, and an outer lens covering the front opening of the lamp body. The outer lens includes fisheye steps and cylindrical steps, and the fisheye steps and the cylindrical steps are alternatingly arrayed.

Abstract: A nightlight is disclosed which includes, in a single unitary fixture, an outlet cover plate having a rearward extending set of male contacts which cover and plug directly into a first set of the duplex outlet receptacle contacts and a nightlight portion having extended life characteristics and extending forward of the cover plate. The unit simply and easily plugs into a standard duplex outlet. The plug may extend into a first one of the receptacles and the forward extending portion covers a second one of the receptacles. The cover plate and nightlight combination is simply secured with at least one ordinary screw fastener in such a manner as can be accomplished with a minimum level of skill, well within that of the ordinary homeowner.

Abstract: A stoplight system that includes a light source for providing a light output, and an array of non-overlapping lenslets comprised of first lenslets and second lenslets, each first lenslet configured to refract a portion of the light output of the light source into a first predetermined angular field comprising a central angular region having vertical and horizontal extent, and each second lenslet configured to refract a portion of the light output of the light source into a second predetermined angular field comprising first and second peripheral angular regions that are horizontally on either side of the central angular region, whereby the portions of the light output of the light source that are refracted by the first and second lenslets form stoplight illumination.

Abstract: A lamp cover in particular for fluorescent lamps consists of a light-transmitting material which at least on one surface features a structure which affects the rays of light that penetrate the material. The present lamp cover is to achieve a soft-focus effect, i.e. light-impervious elements located in the ray path should not be recognizable from the outside. In addition, the lamp cover should have a light-directing effect whereby in the polar diagram in terms of inensity the direction of the light beam hitting the structure in essence has the same direction as the light beam exiting the structure whereby the exiting light beam features a ray expansion.

Abstract: A device for lighting a medical treatment field is disclosed and includes an optical member for focusing a plurality of light rays. The device also includes a prism assembly formed of a plurality of sectors of prisms. Each prism has an entry face and an exit face. The vertices of the sectors are substantially located in the center of the prism assembly. The sectors of prisms are configured and dimensioned so that the optical focusing member can focus the plurality of light rays generally onto the entry faces of the prisms. In addition, the device includes a mechanism for displacing at least a predetermined number of sectors such that the exit faces of the prisms of the predetermined sectors can be selectively positioned in one of a generally planar or a non-planar configuration. In an alternative embodiment, the device includes an optical focusing member and a prism assembly wherein the exit faces of the prisms are generally arc shaped along the length of the sector.

Abstract: A commercial refrigerator cabinet is illuminated by fluorescent lamps which are located closely behind insulated glass doors for closing the cabinet. Each lamp is located behind a reflector and is at least partially enclosed by a clear plastic lens having multiple facets on its inner side. The reflector and the lens cause the light emitted from the lamp to reflect and refract in such a manner as to distribute the light substantially uniformly on products located at various distances from the lamp and to reduce glare in the immediate vicinity of the lamp.

Abstract: An information indicator suitable for information processors such as personal computers, word processors and the like includes a light source, a scattering plate which scatters light from the light source, an indicator plate irradiated with scattered light from the scattering plate, and a prism plate operatively arranged with respect to the scattering plate and the indicator plate and having a prism-like protuberance structure formed at a side thereof. The prism plate is so disposed that the prism-like protuberance structure faces the scattering plate, and the angle 2.theta. constituting the prism-like protuberance structure is defined by the formula, 2.theta.>2/3.times.(.pi./2+2.times.arcsin (n'/n)), in this inequality, n is the refractive index of said prism plate medium, and n' is the refractive index of a material in which the prism plate is arranged.

Abstract: A vehicle lamp device includes a lamp housing supporting a bulb, a lens fixed in an opening of the lamp housing, a shade plate disposed between the lamp housing and the lens for intercepting a part of a light bundle emitted from the bulb. A resin projection for fixing the shade plate to the lamp housing juts out from the lamp housing toward the lens. A hole for receiving the resin projection is formed in the shade plate.

Abstract: A combination of a prismatic reflector and a prismatic lens is provided for use with lighting fixtures. A reflector body has a substantially parabolic contour defining an interior cavity. The reflector body includes a plurality of prisms for receiving, transmitting and reflecting light. A lens body has a first mating surface engaging the reflector body, an opposed inverted conical surface, and a sloping sidewall extending between the mating surface and the opposed inverted conical surface. The mating surface of the lens body has a larger diameter than the opposed inverted conical surface. The opposed inverted conical surface includes a plurality of prisms for receiving and for redirecting light.

Abstract: A headlight for a vehicle has a light source, a reflector reflecting light emitted by the light source as a light bundle converging at least in horizontal longitudinal planes, the reflector having a front edge facing in a light outlet direction, and a dispersing lens arranged in the region of the front edge of the reflector so that the light bundle reflected by the reflector passes through the dispersing lens, the reflector and the dispersing lens having shapes which are such and so determined relative to one another that the light emitted by the light source after reflection on the reflector and passage through the dispersing lens forms a light intensity distribution sufficient for requirements corresponding to regulations.

Abstract: An optical illumination system includes a radiation source, a condensor, a first lens array including a plurality of first lenses, and a second lens array including a plurality of second lenses. The first lens array converges partial luminous fluxes, the number of which is the same as the number of first lenses, onto the second lenses paired with the first lenses. The second lens array transmits each of the partial luminous fluxes to an object region to be illuminated in such a manner that the partial luminous fluxes are superimposed on each other at the object region. Configurations of the apertures of the second lenses are different from each other and the second lenses are arranged in close contact with each other with the effective region of the second lens array approximating the smallest possible circle.

Abstract: A luminaire capable of directing a high percentage of light source output in a downward direction includes a housing base, a light source mounted and electrically coupled to the housing base and a dome-shaped lens member made of light transmissive material disposed in surrounding relation to the light source. The lens member has a first region formed adjacent the housing base on which is disposed a first plurality of prismatic surfaces which both reflect and refract light in the downward direction. A second region is formed on the lens member adjacent the first region and includes a second plurality of prismatic surfaces which refract light output.

Abstract: A lighting fixture for overhead mounting to produce a generally-rectangular, outwardly and downwardly directed light illumination over a broad areal expanse. The fixture includes a pair of back-to-back arranged reflectors depending from a supporting overhead housing and defining arcuate, generally-parabolic sections flaring outwardly horizontally of one another from opposite sides of a lamp of the fixture. A refractor of polymeric organic composition overlying and protectively capping the lamp and the reflectors diffuses, distributes and directs illumination from the lamp, from the parabolic reflectors and from a reflector plate located above the reflectors to provide an expansive, essentially rectangular-beam light pattern of uniform illumination. Physically faceted upper sections constituting flattened areas of the parabolic reflectors enhance the distribution of light to ensure more even illumination patterns and eliminate "dark" zones.

Abstract: A vehicular headlamp which has a good uniformity of design and a good appearance when viewed from the front. A first lamp of the reflection type having a light source and a parabolic reflector circular when viewed from the front, and second and third lamps of the projection type having light sources, substantially elliptic reflectors, and projection lenses circular when viewed from the front, are horizontally arrayed. Profile lines, circular when seen from the front, are formed on a transparent front cover assembled over the front opening portion of the lamp body at positions corresponding to the three lamps and matching the circumferential profiles of the reflector or the projection lenses, whereby a horizontal array of the three profile lines appears in the front cover, providing the headlamp with a good uniformity of design.

Abstract: A signalling light including a light source, a fresnel lens having an area to provide an output beam, and a reflective surface. The reflective surface partially surrounds the light source and defines an opening directed toward the fresnel lens. The opening has an area substantially less than the area of the fresnel lens so that light that is available for the production of phantom signals is reduced with respect to any external light that enters via the fresnel lens. In use, a portion of said fresnel lens is directly radiated through said opening by light from said source and said reflective surface directs substantially any remainder of the light from said source toward said fresnel lens to substantially evenly illuminate all of the available fresnel lens area.

Abstract: A vehicular headlamp assembly with an auxiliary lamp which is small in size and does not require the provision of a special mounting space. A lamp chamber is defined by a generally capsule-shaped lamp body and a transparent front cover applied to the front opening of the lamp body, a reflection or projection lamp for forming a normal running beam, a projection lamp for forming a passing light beam, and an auxiliary lamp are disposed side by side within the lamp chamber, and a mirrored-surface inner cover having an opening through which the front end of the projection lamp is exposed. A bulb for the auxiliary lamp supported by the lamp body is disposed at a position located aslant on the side of the projection lens when viewed from the front in a state such that the bulb is directed forward. The lower edge of the inner cover corresponding to the bulb is substantially horizontally extended to form a horizontal extended part.

Abstract: A compact and highly efficient warning light for producing high intensity light pulses which are radiated in accordance with a desired directional pattern includes a light source and a pair of reflectors disposed within a lens cover. The reflectors each include plural parabolic reflective surfaces distributed about an axis with the surfaces having a common focal point located on the axis. The two reflectors are coaxial and the common focal points of the surfaces thereof coincide.

Abstract: A projection type headlamp for motor vehicles is described including a screen (3) and an objective (4). A reflecting segment (5) is provided between the screen (3) and objective (4), and the reflecting segment (5) is provided at lower side of the objective (4). The reflecting segment (5) is arranged at an inclined angle (i.sub.5), when viewed in a vertical section. A refractor (6) follows the objective (4). Band lenses (62) having a diameter (R) and a width (H) are provided with the refractor (6), the lenses (62) arranged in a direction toward the reflecting surface (51) of the reflecting segment (5). The reflecting surface (51) is either rotationally symmetric or planar.

Abstract: An automotive headlamp employing a discharge bulb as a light source in which flaring light which could blind the driver of an oncoming vehicle is eliminated and the visibility of objects in the upper part of the road is improved. A reflecting surface of a reflector is divided into a lower reflecting surface and an upper reflecting surface, the lower reflecting surface being a substantially lower half portion that receives a scattered flux attributable to metal halide sediments of a bulb and the upper reflecting surface being a substantially upper half portion that receives a nonscattered flux. The lower reflecting surface is further divided into a right reflecting surface, which is a right half portion thereof, and a left reflecting surface, which is a left half portion thereof. The right and left reflecting surfaces are inclined to predetermined degrees so that reflective fluxes can be inclined in respective left and right directions.

Abstract: A line light source has a light-emitting element that emits light into an insertion conduit. A light absorber absorbs light that makes greater than a predetermined angle with the axis of the light conduit.