Abstract: To provide for essentially uniform illumination throughout the area, for mple the film window of a film or slide projector, the reflector has at least two contours which form a reflector system, each contour being rotation-symmetrical with respect to the optical axis of the total system. The generatrices of the contours follow conical sections. The reflector is divided into zonal regions, with successive zonal regions lying on different contours. For example, two conical contours can be used, the contour of one conical section being such that spot illumination results, and the contour of the other conical section being such that a saddle-tight illumination is obtained so that the overall light output throughout the window is essentially uniform (see the additive of FIGS. 3a and 3b, as shown in FIG. 3c).

Abstract: A luminaire designed for outdoor applications (e.g., illuminating roadways and alleyways) and including an improved latching means in the form of two spaced-apart, depressible leaf springs, each including a cam surface for slidably engaging one of the sides of the luminaire's mounting plate during insertion thereof within the luminaire's housing to cause the biased spring to move to an open position (from its closed position) and thereafter clamp against the plate to effect positive retention thereof.

Abstract: A lamp assembly for containing a plurality of light emitting lamps associated with distinct light emitting areas on a lens element and associated reflectors to direct the light towards the lens element. The light reflector element is formed of an electrically conducting sheet material subdivided into a plurality of electrically isolated areas for each defined light emitting area wherein each subdivision provides separate electrical connection between an externally supplied voltage source and its associated lamp.

Abstract: This invention provides an improved reading or viewing lamp that achieves extraordinary visual acuity when properly used. The lamp employs a quartz-halogen bulb together with a parabolic lens to provide a collimated beam. A light filter removes heat radiation and ultra violet radiation from the beam. A convex mirror reflects the filtered light beam to the reading or viewing area where because of the point source characteristic of the bulb and the remaining optics, the rays are substantially non-crossing and transversely coherent in the reading or viewing area. In one embodiment, the collimated beam is directed vertically and tubular light shield surrounding the collimated light beam and a cylindrical shield around the convex mirror reduces transverse radiation of light to other parts of the room. The shield around the collimated beam also provides a chimney effect which disperses the heat throughout the room to points remote from the reader.

Abstract: A task lighting fixture is provided for concentrating illumination on a work area beneath and offset to the side of the fixture. To accomplish this, an open reflector having a specular surface is mounted above and off to one side of the area to be illuminated. Transverse parallel vertical cross sections of the fixture are identical and comprise short and long compound curves joined together to form a cusp. The long compound curve extends toward the work area on which the illumination is to be concentrated. A U-shaped fluorescent bulb has each leg parallel to the cusp and the axes of the legs each are located on lines dissecting the cusp of the reflector.

Abstract: An outdoor luminaire having a reflector adapted to provide uniform illumination of a relatively large, generally level surface. The reflector is comprised of a pair of side segments and contiguous concave top and bottom segments surrounding a light center. The top segment includes three cylindrical portions which are circular in section, the portion adjacent the top edge having its circular center well in front of the light center, while the other two circular cylindrical portions have their centers behind the light center. The bottom segment includes a transient portion and a cylindrical portion which is parabolic in section. The parabolic cylindrical portion is adjacent the bottom edge and has its foci at the light center. The side segments are tilted to reflect light from the light center directly out of the luminaire.

Abstract: An improved light fixture comprising a housing adapted for tower or pole top mounting and having preferably stacked upper and lower lamp compartments. One reflector in each compartment includes a segment that is located partly behind and partly over a symmetrically positioned lamp included therein so as to reflect light therefrom downwardly and outwardly through a window in a side wall opposite to the reflector. Another reflector similarly located reflects light through a second window in an opposite side wall. Windows in the other two side walls also receive light emanations from the lamp. The axis to the lamp in each compartment is substantially horizontal and is skewed with respect to the side wall windows. The lamp in one compartment is preferably complementarily positioned with respect to the lamp in the other compartment.

Abstract: Luminaire provides relatively uniform illumination in substantially rectangular pattern up and down the roadway adjacent the luminaire. The luminaire reflector is formed with a multiplicity of flat facets individually oriented to direct light to particular areas along the roadway surface.

Abstract: An electronic strobe light which can either be built into or detachably connected with a photographic camera to provide a preferred illumination distribution over the field of view of the camera in order to maximize flash range and improve the quality of illumination for flash pictures. The strobe light includes a reflector that is bilaterally symmetric about the horizontal having a shape represented by a 6th order polynomial and a strobe tube which has its center offset with respect to the plane of symmetry of the reflector. This arrangement provides a vertically asymmetric distribution in the intensity of illumination over the picture area with higher intensities occurring at the central upper part of the picture area. Side-to-side illumination intensity is generally symmetric about the vertical and is controlled by a cylindrical Fresnel lens.

Abstract: A reflector having a cross-sectional shape in the form of a 7th order polynomial which, when used with an artificial source of illumination of predetermined geometry, projects a beam of illumination having uniform intensity within a given solid angle. The polynomial shape is especially selected to provide a reflected, defocused source image, whose size increases with increasing angular divergence of light rays within the beam to compensate for natural losses in illumination which would otherwise occur as a function of angular divergence of light rays from the source when used without the reflector.

Abstract: A guidance light including an optical system comprising a reflector having an internal concave reflecting surface formed as a surface of revolution about the optical axis. Said reflecting surface is configured so as to reflect the light from a light source onto said axis along a continuous segment thereof such that each point reflects light onto said segment at a distance from its end nearest to the light source which is proportional to the arcuate length of the reflecting surface between said point and the intersection of said surface and said axis. Exit optical means are also included to redirect the light beam in the suitable direction.

Abstract: A light source is disposed within a light reflector formed to direct a light beam through an open end of the reflector and light controlling means for projecting a modified light beam from the same reflector.

Abstract: A luminaire apparatus includes a housing having a source of radiant energy mounted therein, a rotatable light transmitting member supported at one side of the housing and reflector means. The reflector means consists of a stationary reflector body and expansible reflector means for controlling the configuration of radiation energy projected through the light transmitting member located between the stationary reflector body and the light transmitting member. In one desirable form the stationary reflector body is provided with a specular surface which projects reflected light in a spot configuration while the expansible reflector means is provided with light diffusing surfaces which are operable to progressively modify the spot configuration to provide a flood configuration.

Abstract: In a lighting fixture, a light source is partially surrounded by a reflector system mounted in a housing to direct light from the light source out through an aperture in the front of the housing. The reflector is cylindrically and parabolically shaped to provide a cut-off above a selected vertical angle and to provide a decreasing intensity with decreasing vertical angles from a maximum intensity to effect uniform distribution. A lens is provided in the aperture to achieve uniform distribution through a wide horizontal angle. The reflector system and the light source are pivotable within the housing about a fixed horizontal axis to adjust the vertical cut-off angle and the angle of the maximum intensity. A fixed reflector is mounted near the top of the aperture on the front wall of the housing to get more sideways distribution of the light when the light source is pivoted toward the back of the housing.

Abstract: An alpha-numeric array is provided for the selective display of characters as controlled by associated character generator programming circuitry. The display array in one character format utilizes a 5.times.7 matrix array of individually operable illumination sources, LED solid state lamps for example, with programmed combinations of the individual illumination sources being operated to display the programmed characters. The display array includes a lens and front panel array having integrally formed lens areas. The lens areas of the lens and front panel array when unactuated are essentially indistinguishable from the front panel array background area thus providing improved contrast. The display array also includes a reflector array having integrally formed reflector cavities. The integrally formed reflector cavities include predetermined surface characteristics for collimating the light rays emanating from the central axis of the reflector cavities.

Abstract: Apparatus comprising a spheroidal concave reflector is described for imparting vision to the aphakic eye without the use of a transparent external lens or aperture. A critical radius for the reflector between about 41/2" and 91/2" is defined, and associated apparatus for the convenient illumination and inspection of the eye is described.

Abstract: An annular illuminator comprising a spheric mirror, an elliptic mirror and a circular cylindric mirror. Flux received directly from the source is reflected by the elliptic mirror and then by the cylindric mirror. Flux not directed initially toward the elliptic mirror is first reflected by the spheric mirror and then by the elliptic and cylindric mirrors.

Abstract: Floodlight has a reflector mounted for selective adjustment to different positions relative to the light source for providing desired light distribution.

Abstract: To optimize light output from a multiple reflector photoflashgun powered by single elongated flashtube, the flashtube is positioned within a reflector having a curvature falling within the area defined by the curves A and B: ##EQU1##

Abstract: An electrophotographic copier is provided with a reciprocable copy board. An illuminating lamp is located between a pair of spaced frame members which have rails for guiding the copy board. An improved reflector for directing light from the lamp toward the copy board is formed as a single, unitary structure including a rearwardly-extending ledge directly and rigidly supporting the lamp on the ledge at a fixed, predetermined position and orientation with respect to the reflector such that relative adjustments between lamp and reflector are eliminated.

Abstract: An improved light fixture for housing an elongated lamp and method for making same, the fixture having an elongated housing constructed from a continuous rectangular piece of sheet metal having four parallel bends therein forming planar side walls. The planar side walls form flange planes suitable for mating within grooves formed in suitable end pieces for the housing. The closure lens completes the housing. The construction of the elongated housing side walls is such that a reflector sheet when curvedly affixed to the two outermost planar side walls is tangential to the inner three planar side walls, thereby providing a parabolic reflecting surface for a lamp mounted within the reflector sheet. Two end wall reflectors, preferably one of which is directionally adjustable, also reflect luminous flux from the lamp.

Abstract: A reflector for use in a dental, medical or other lighting device wherein light from a light source is reflected thereby in a predetermined pattern for illumination of a desired zone. The reflector is formed of a glass substrate of predetermined shape for reflecting light in a predetermined pattern and has a dichroic coating on the front surface for reflecting a substantial portion of visible light and for allowing infrared and other undesirable energy along with some unreflected visible light to pass therethrough so that cool light only is reflected and a diffuser coating on the rear surface for diffusing light passing through the glass substrate to reduce undesirable glare from the rear of the reflector. The diffuser coating is preferably a ceramic frit.

Abstract: A vehicle headlamp for producing a Z-beam pattern has a reflector provided with a reflective area lying on a surface defined by rotating an ellipse about an axis which passes through the inner focus of the ellipse and which is inclined an acute angle (1.degree.-2.degree.) to the focal axis of the ellipse. A shielded filament for producing an inclined cut-off line to the beam is used and is orientated in the opposite sense to that in which it is orientated in a conventional headlamp for producing an inclined cut-off. Lensing at the front of the reflector splits the area of the basic beam pattern immediately below a horizontal portion of the cut-off line into parts which define upper and lower, mutually laterally displaced horizontal cut-off portions in the required Z-beam pattern.

Abstract: An elongated high intensity lamp which serves as a line-type of light source is placed at the focus of a generally shaped parabolic reflector which extends longitudinally with the light source. The reflector surface closest to the lamp is inwardly deformed toward the light source. The inwardly deformed section may itself be a concavely shaped parabolic or arcuate region; or inwardly angled flat sections; or a flat region extending squarely across the top of the reflector. The distortion of the parabolic reflector shape produces a more uniform intensity distribution across the area being illuminated by the lamp and the reflector. A plurality of parallel line-type sources are also disclosed.

Abstract: A multi-faceted, segmented reflector for use with a direct lighting luminaire to provide a square pattern of illumination on a planar field located below the luminaire. Each segment is formed as a result of a series of bending operations to thus define a plurality (e.g. six) of the planar facets thereon. The surfaces of the facets are specular reflective to provide greater control of incident light from the luminaire's light source (e.g. HID lamp).

Abstract: Indoor lighting fixture providing indirect asymmetrical light distribution. The fixture, which is adapted to be positioned adjacent a wall and below a ceiling, comprises a high intensity gaseous discharge lamp and an upwardly opening asymmetric reflector which is inclined to the horizontal for projecting light forwardly and laterally toward the ceiling while restricting light below the horizontal, so as to provide ample, uniformly distributed indirect light in the work area while shielding the light source from direct view of the room occupants to avoid glare.

Abstract: A visual warning apparatus of the type used on police and fire department and other emergency vehicles in which a reflector is positioned relative to a rotating signal light so when the light rotates, light rays deflected off the reflector will extend forwardly of the vehicle while producing a lateral shifting of the light rays. The reflector comprises a plurality of convex sections which produce a highly active light signal.

Abstract: Lighting fixture includes an enclosure. Disposed in the enclosure are means for supplying a source of light at a light center therein. Also disposed in the enclosure are means for directing a beam of light out of the enclosure from the source along a given optical axis. Furthermore, disposed at least at one side of the optical axis and in a common horizonal plane with the light center are means for directing part of the light from the source out of the enclosure.

Abstract: An electronic flash gun, particularly for photographic purposes, in which a ingle electronic flash discharge tube, which may be elongated or essentially ball or spherical-shaped, has associated therewith a plurality of reflector elements of which at least one can swivel or pivot about the flash tube to permit directing light from the single flash tube in multiple directions, for example for simultaneous illumination of a photographic subject directly as well as by bounce or reflected, indirect illumination.

Abstract: A cylindrical, elongated incandescent lamp is positioned within a tubular light reflecting member including a line light diffuser strip window. The light reflecting member responds to the electrical excitation of the incandescent lamp by emitting a light pattern through the line light diffuser strip window.

Abstract: A lantern is described in which a chemiluminescent lightstick serving as the light source is held in place before a curved reflective sheet for projection of the light through a window of the lantern.

Abstract: A lamp reflector unit to be used for projection purposes and comprising a reflector body and a light source accommodated therein. The reflector body is covered with a reflective layer extending from the top of the reflector body up to a distance from the largest circumferential edge of the reflector body. The distance is between 3 mm and 10 mm, dependent on the desired angle of divergence of the reflected beam light rays.

Abstract: A single reflecting transmitter with improved performance capabilities. The mproved performance is achieved by using a modified surface called a wavy mirror. The wavy mirror has its focal distance a function of the angle measured around the axis of revolution. The wavy mirror is designed to reflect light into a predetermined pattern of controlled size and energy distribution. The reflection is oriented so that the light source does not obscure the reflected beam.

Abstract: A photoflash lamp array comprising a plastic housing containing flash lamps having lead-in wires connected to a circuit board carrying switching circuitry for sequentially firing the flash lamps. A combined shield and flash indicator sheet is positioned between the circuit board and the rear of the housing and is contoured to have side portions extending along the side walls of the housing.

Abstract: An axial spotlight system, including an axially mounted arc lamp in an ellipsoidal reflector. The usually associated thermal problem at the forward terminal of the lamp is eliminated by a metal mounting frame which connects the terminal to the reflector and thereby performs as a heat sink for the lamp to avoid deterioration of the forward terminal. To further limit problems at the forward terminal of the lamp a lead wire is permanently affixed thereto and accurate focusing of the lamp is accomplished by means of the metal mounting frame holding the front of the lamp and an adjustment assembly holding the back of the lamp.

Abstract: A flash assembly which uses an elongated arc discharge flash tube positioned within a reflector. A trigger bar member fits within a slot of the reflector and is located adjacent the tube. The reflector, trigger bar, and the contacts which electrically connect the electrodes projecting from the tube to a suitable power source are mounted within an insulative base. The invention is particularly suited for use within a camera assembly.

Abstract: An improved electric mirror lamp comprising a concave mirror on the focus of which a light source, for example an incandescent filament is fixed, and the lamp also includes locating means by which its position in a lamp holder is determined and support means holding the mirror at a fixed position relative to the locating means. A support mirror is an integral moulded body having portions adapted to position the locating of the mirror. The locating means may be constituted by a locating ring secured to an end cap and the support means may include indentations which engage and retain the end cap. The electric light source or bulb may be replaceable and the mirror may be formed directly on an appropriate concave surface of the support means.

Abstract: A photoflash lamp-reflector module for use in a photoflash unit having a plurality of such lamp-reflector modules arranged in a compact array. Each reflector has a substantially parabolic surface with a centrally disposed elongated cylindrical recess having a longitudinally extending central slot. The associated tubular lamp is nested within the recessed portion of the reflector, whereby an oversized lamp is accommodated by the reflector with little or no loss of light output.

Abstract: An incandescent projection lamp which includes a reflector located within the lamp's envelope at an established distance from a biplanar filament structure. The lamp provides bidirectional light output with the reflector having an opening therein for defining the light output in one of the directions.

Abstract: A reflector or diffuser system is provided for an electronic flash unit. The system comprises an inflatable pillow having a front ply and a back ply with a valve carried by the pillow for enabling inflation thereof. A resilient strap is used for securing an electronic flash to the pillow by overlying the electronic flash and urging it tightly against one of the plies. A filter is removably connected between the one ply and the face of the electronic flash.

Abstract: An object to be photographed is illuminated with substantially omni-directional, glare-free lighting. The object is placed within an ovoidal shell, inward from an access opening at one end, and supported on a platform formed by a flattened bottom surface of the shell. The entire inner surface of the shell is a light-diffusing surface and is illuminated by a light source which is shielded from direct illumination of the object. The ovoidal diffusing surface reflects light back and forth from and onto itself to produce substantially uniform omni-directional illumination within the shell. The object is supported far enough inward from the access opening of the shell to receive such omni-directional illumination so that it is well lighted for photographing and, in the absence of direct-lighting illumination, appears substantially glare-free.

Abstract: A light diffusing device for obtaining a surface uniform in the brightness by using a luminous flux narrow in the radiating angle comprising a flat smooth transparent base plate having a favorable transparency and including a luminous flux incident area defined on one side surface, a conical concavity formed on the other side surface opposed to said one side surface, aligned with the luminous flux incident area and having a bottom area at least equal to said area and light diffusing reflecting means provided on all the side surfaces except the above mentioned other side surface. Said luminous flux incident area is used as a connecting part with the end portion of a light guide or a containing section for a light source. The above mentioned other side surface serves as a displaying surface for such display medium as of words or signs or as a luminous surface for introducing lights of a uniform brightness into a plurality of light guides.

Abstract: Flash lamp lead-in wires are embedded in a circuit board and are in contact with circuit runs carried by the board. The end of one lead-in wire of at least one of the lamps extends from the circuit board and makes electrical contact against a sheet-like shield member. In a preferred method the lead-in wires of a lamp are driven through the circuit board by ultrasonic drivers offset from each other so as to drive against one lead-in wire closer to its end than is the other.

Abstract: A flash lamp assembly for use with a camera and the power source associated therewith. The assembly includes several leadless, capacitively-ignited flash lamps retained within a longitudinal, light-transmitting housing and activated by the passage of electrical energy through the housing either in the form of a capacitive discharge or by direct connection to a pair of resilient contacts. Spaced conductive means located about each flash lamp receive the energy and capacitively ignite the lamp. Means for electrically connecting each lamp to the above power source are also described and include a mechanism for sequentially advancing the assembly's housing therein.

Abstract: A microfiche on which a large number of characters are formed in an alternating arrangement is movable behind a mask in such a manner that at each position of the microfiche relative to the mask a desired group of characters is displayed through respective apertures in the mask. Lenses are disposed behind the apertures to project images of the characters therethrough onto a viewing screen. A reflection support member is disposed behind the microfiche and is formed with a stepped surface on which are disposed a plurality of concave reflectors, one reflector behind each lens. A lamp radiates light onto the reflectors, from which the light is reflected and focussed into the respective lenses, thereby illuminating the characters on the microfiche from behind. The radii of curvature and light receiving frontal areas of the reflectors differ in accordance with the distances of the reflectors from the lamp and the respective lenses.

Abstract: A light projecting apparatus consists of a concave, substantially prolate-spheroidal reflector having a major axis coincident with the optical axis of the apparatus and a metal halide high intensity discharge source positioned at a first focal point of the reflector and inclined with respect to the optical axis of the apparatus at an angle of approximately 30.degree.. .Iadd.