Abstract: A transistor comprises a channel region between a source region and a drain region, a dielectric material adjacent to the channel region, an electrode adjacent to the dielectric material, and an electrolyte between the dielectric material and the electrode. Related semiconductor devices comprising at least one transistors, related electronic systems, and related methods are also disclosed.

Abstract: A heat-assisted magnetic recording device includes a granular magnetic recording layer and a thermal absorption layer formed on top of the magnetic recording layer. The thermal absorption layer is patterned to include rows extending in a cross-track direction of the magnetic media, each adjacent pair of the rows being separated from one another by an insulating material.

Abstract: RF shielding material utilized in a smart metal card as a shield between a metal layer and an antenna does not occupy a complete layer. Instead, only sufficient RF shielding material is utilized to track and conform to the antenna.

Abstract: An optical apparatus including a substrate and a refractive element formed above the substrate. The refractive element including a surface with a predetermined radius of curvature, and a group of periodic structures formed on the surface configured to refract or to filter one or more wavelengths of an incident light.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is an illegal copy prevention system and method. In short, an anti-copy prevention system of the present invention includes, a chipless RFID disk having a print layer distributed with metal fibers; an Optical Disk Drive (ODD) reading, recorded information when mounted with the chipless RFID disk; and a reader installed in the disk drive to sense whether metal fibers distributed at the printed layer exists and a unique ID contained in the metal fiber.

Abstract: The embodiments disclose a patterned composite magnetic layer structure configured to use magnetic materials having differing temperature and magnetization characteristics in a recording device, wherein the patterned composite magnetic layer structure includes magnetic layers, at least one first magnetic material configured to be used in a particular order to reduce a recording temperature and configured to control and regulate coupling and decoupling of the magnetic layers and at least one second magnetic material with differing temperature characteristics is configured to control recording and erasing of data.

Abstract: An apparatus includes a submount having a mounting surface and a top surface opposite the mounting surface. A slider has a bonding feature that interfaces with the mounting surface of the submount, and two or more layers are disposed between the mounting surface of the submount and the bonding feature. The two or more layers are configured to enhance light absorption of light in proximity to the bonding feature. The light originates from a source of electromagnetic energy that illuminates the top surface of the submount.

Abstract: Provided are an optical information recording medium and an optical information recording device that enable to accurately form recording marks each having a certain code length and to accurately reproduce information, even in the case where shingled write recording is applied to optical information recording. An optical information recording medium (1) is provided with a user area (102) configured such that optical characteristics of a photosensitive recording material are changed by irradiation of laser light for recording information. The user area (102) includes recording tracks (104) on which information is recorded by overwriting a part of recording marks (106), and a heat insulating area (105) which is concentrically or spirally formed, and insulates heat generated by irradiation of the laser light. The heat insulating area (105) is formed between the recording tracks (104).

Abstract: Iron-platinum (FePt) based magnetic recording media structures that provide small grain size and isolated-grain configurations suitable for high-density magnetic recording. In one of the structures, the recording media structure includes a thin film containing grains of L10 FePt and boron as a segregant contained in intergranular regions located among the FePt grains. In another structure, the recording media structure includes a thin film containing grains of L10 FePt, wherein the film is formed on an underlayer containing at least one material selected to control the size of the FePt grains in the film. Proper choices of materials, relative amounts of the materials, processing parameters, and other variables permit these structures to be formed with grain sizes, magnetization orientations, and perpendicular coercivities that allow designers to create magnetic storage devices having storage densities of 1 Tbit/in2 and greater.

Abstract: A magnetic recording medium of the present invention includes an under layer formed on a substrate, and a magnetic layer, formed on the under layer, which contains an alloy having an L10-type crystal structure as a main component. The under layer includes, in order from the substrate side, a first under layer with a lattice constant a of 2.87 ??a<3.04 ?, a second under layer having a BCC structure with a lattice constant a of 3.04 ??a<3.18 ?, a third under layer having a BCC structure with a lattice constant a of 3.18 ??a<3.31 ?, and an upper under layer having a NaCl-type crystal structure. The first under layer has a B2 structure, or has a BCC structure containing Cr as a main component. In the magnetic recording medium of the present invention, information is recorded using a heat-assisted magnetic recording type, or a microwave-assisted magnetic recording type.

Abstract: According to one embodiment, in a magnetic disk, a reflecting layer with a higher reflectance to near-field light than a magnetic recording layer is provided in the magnetic recording layer so as to be flat. A magnetic head performs magnetic recording on the magnetic recording layer while locally heating the magnetic recording layer based on the near-field light.

Abstract: A copy protection method includes the steps of providing an optical storage device having a substrate layer and a data structure layer coated on the substrate layer and containing a set of raw data codes; forming on the data structure layer at least one polarizing layer capable of causing a change in a light beam; and forming on the polarizing layer a scratch protection layer. The polarizing layer is located between the data structure layer and an optical reading device to influence a light beam irradiated thereon by the optical reading device, so that the set of raw data codes being optically accessed is conditionally converted into a different set of physical data codes. By providing the polarizing layer on the optical storage device to change the data codes that can be obtained by the optical reading device, it is able to stop illegal copying of the optical storage device.

Abstract: A device including a waveguide, the waveguide having a first portion where energy having a wavelength, ?, enters and a second portion where the energy exits, the waveguide including a core layer with an index of refraction, n1; at least one cladding layer formed adjacent the core layer, the cladding layer having an index of refraction, n2; a reflective layer, the reflective layer positioned adjacent the first portion of the waveguide; and an interlayer, the interlayer positioned between the first portion of the waveguide and the reflective layer, the interlayer having an index of refraction, n3; wherein n3 is greater than n2.

Abstract: A magnetic recording media is disclosed. The media comprises a substrate, a recording layer disposed over the substrate, and a metallic layer disposed between the recording layer and the substrate. The recording layer is configured to receive an electromagnetic radiation, absorb a first portion of the electromagnetic radiation, and transmit a second portion of the electromagnetic radiation. The metallic layer comprises a non-magnetic metal and configured to reflect at least some of the second portion of the electromagnetic radiation towards the recording layer.

Abstract: Systems and methods for providing media having a moment keeper layer for heat assisted magnetic recording (HAMR). One such method for writing information to a magnetic media having a moment keeper layer using heat assisted magnetic recording includes heating a portion of the media to a preselected temperature, where the media includes a magnetic recording layer adjacent to the keeper layer, where a Curie temperature of the keeper layer is greater than a Curie temperature of the recording layer, and where the preselected temperature is about equal to, or greater than, the Curie temperature of the recording layer, allowing the portion of the media to cool, and writing information to the media during the cooling.

Abstract: A system for managing storage space on an electronic storage medium is provided in which a file format for stored data allows for progressive deletion of low-significance data, for example in a video or audio file, while allowing the remaining portions of the file to be subsequently retrieved. The file format allows for the ready deletion of low-significance data without having to open, edit and subsequently rewrite the data. Furthermore, rules-based algorithms for the deletion of low-significance data allow a user to store and progressively delete such low-significance data in accordance with time parameters, available storage space and the like, without having to delete the full file.

Abstract: An optical disc includes an electromagnetic coupling module mounted therein. The electromagnetic coupling module includes a wireless IC chip and a feeder circuit substrate in which a feeder circuit including a resonant circuit having a predetermined resonant frequency is disposed. The electromagnetic coupling module is electromagnetically coupled to a reflective film defining a metal thin film of the optical disc, and the reflective film defines an antenna or radiation pattern of the electromagnetic coupling module.

Abstract: An optical disc includes an electromagnetic coupling module mounted therein. The electromagnetic coupling module includes a wireless IC chip and a feeder circuit substrate in which a feeder circuit including a resonant circuit having a predetermined resonant frequency is disposed. The electromagnetic coupling module is electromagnetically coupled to a reflective film defining a metal thin film of the optical disc, and the reflective film defines an antenna or radiation pattern of the electromagnetic coupling module.

Abstract: Recordable DVD+R and DVD+R/W optical discs with two (or more) information layers are developed to double the data storage capacity and video recording time. A method and device are proposed to make dual layer DVD disc recordings compliant with the dual layer DVD-ROM standard Recording the data in a DVD-ROM compliant way on the dual layer DVD+R or DVD+R/W disc is obtained by shifting the middle zone area towards the inner radius of a disc in such a way that the data zones of both layers are filled up with data.

Abstract: A magnetic recording device comprising at least one unstructured recording support exhibiting at least one elementary magnetic layer, the recording support having a magnetization perpendicular to the plane of the support characterized in that it comprises magnetic elements having a magnetization perpendicular to the plane of the support and a greater inversion field than the inversion field of the recording support, and which are separated from the recording support by a decoupling layer made of a nonmagnetic material so that the magnetic elements produce a dipolar field in the recording support. The magnetic elements are spaced apart from one another by nonmagnetic regions, each magnetic element defining during a write operation a memory point in the recording support.

Abstract: A perpendicular magnetic recording medium 10 adapted to be mounted in a perpendicular magnetic recording type hard disk drive and including a disk-shaped disk base 12, a soft magnetic layer 14 formed on the disk base 12, and a perpendicular magnetic recording layer 16 formed on the soft magnetic layer 14, wherein, at respective portions of the soft magnetic layer 14, directional distribution of easy magnetization axes of magnetic particles included In each of the respective portions is isotropic with respect to respective directions in the main surface of the soft magnetic layer 14.

Abstract: A single disc is configured to deal with both HD DVD information and DVD information. This invention has the following basic elements (1) a single-sided dual layer optical disc where a light transmission layer, a first recording layer accessed with a first laser beam, an space layer, and a second recording layer accessed with a second laser beam are arranged in that order in the direction in which a laser beam enters, (2) the areal recoding density of the second recording layer is three times or more that of the first recording layer, (3) information indicating that the second recording layer has been formed is formed in the first recording layer, and (4) information indicating that the first recording layer has been formed is formed in the second recording layer.

Abstract: Provided are a method and an apparatus for reproducing information using a semiconductor probe.

Abstract: The magnetic recording medium comprises a backing layer including a first magnetic layer, a second magnetic layer which is formed over the first magnetic layer, is ferrimagnetic and is magnetized in a direction opposite to the first magnetic layer, and a third magnetic layer formed over the second magnetic layer and magnetized in a direction opposite to the second magnetic layer; and a perpendicular magnetic recording layer for recording magnetic information formed over the backing layer. Antiferromagnetic exchange interconnection is formed between the first magnetic layer and the second magnetic layer and between the second magnetic layer and the third magnetic layer.

Abstract: An optical disk storing write-once information usable for protecting the copyright of the software by preventing the duplication, unauthorized use, etc., of the software. In the optical disk, a recording layer (213) is formed on a disk substrate (211) with a dielectric layer (212) inbetween. Then, an intermediate dielectric layer (214) and a reflecting layer (215) are successively laminated upon the recording layer (213), and an overcoat layer (216) is formed on the surface of the reflecting layer (215). A plurality of BCA (one of write-once identification information systems) sections (220a and 220b) are recorded by lowering the vertical magnetic anisotropy of the recording layer (213). At the time of reproduction, the write-once information is detected from differential signals.

Abstract: An optical disc includes an electromagnetic coupling module mounted therein. The electromagnetic coupling module includes a wireless IC chip and a feeder circuit substrate in which a feeder circuit including a resonant circuit having a predetermined resonant frequency is disposed. The electromagnetic coupling module is electromagnetically coupled to a reflective film defining a metal thin film of the optical disc, and the reflective film defines an antenna or radiation pattern of the electromagnetic coupling module.

Abstract: A method for manufacturing a magneto-optical recording medium in which reading of recorded information is performed through domain wall displacement in a reproduction layer is provided, in which magnetic separation of groove side-wall portions is performed more reliably; as a result a magneto-optical recording medium with satisfactory recording and reproduction characteristics can be provided.

Abstract: A magneto-optical recording medium has a recording layer and a reflective layer on a substrate. The recording layer has a layered structure in which at least one spinel ferrite (or rutile-type oxide or hematite) layer and at least one garnet ferrite layer are piled together. It is preferable that the layered structure is formed on tracks where data are recorded. A manufacturing method comprises the steps of heat treatment in the range of 500-700° C., preferably 600-630° C., after the formation of the recording layer. In the magneto-optical recording and playback device to record and play back data, the wavelength of light for recording data is different from that for reading data, which is preferable for a magneto-optical recording medium comprising a garnet ferrite layer.

Abstract: A magneto-optical disk having a small-sized diameter and a large capacity and able to record and reproduce disk discrimination information, and a recording method and a reproducing method of the same, wherein a recording layer including a main recording region in which a first information is recorded, a sub recording region in which a second information including the disk discrimination information is recorded, and a buffer region formed between the main recording region and the sub recording region and in which a third information is recorded is provided on a substrate, the second information is recorded by a mark array formed in stripe shapes in the sub recording region and the buffer region, a plurality of marks constituting the mark array are obtained by changing the magnetization state of the recording layer, and the third information is reproduced by a modulation signal of a reflection ratio along a circumferential direction of the disk.

Abstract: A method of and apparatus for varying a recording density of a data storage system. The method includes setting a range of a region whose recording density is to be changed, judging whether a region in which data read and write commands are to be executed is within the set range, and performing data read and write operations by allocating only one data among a plurality of continuous tracks as a data track if the region in which the data read and write commands are to be executed is within the set range.

Abstract: A first component defines a threaded bore. A second component is kept in contact with the first component. A clamping screw penetrates through the second component and is screwed in the threaded bore. A lubricating agent film is interposed between the threaded bore and the clamping screw. The lubricating agent film is made of a macromolecular compound having a polar end group. The lubricating agent film serves to reduce the friction between the threaded bore and the clamping screw. Generation of dust is prevented when the clamping screw is being screwed into the threaded bore. In addition, the clamping screw exhibits a larger axial force at a certain amount of a fastening torque as compared with a conventional clamping screw. A larger axial force can thus be applied to hold the second component onto the first component.

Abstract: This invention relates to a method for forming a nano-imprinted photonic crystal waveguide, comprising the steps of: preparing an optical film on a substrate; preparing a template having a plurality of protrusions of less than 500 nm in length such that the protrusions are spaced a predetermined distance from each other; heating the film; causing the template to press against the heated film such that a portion of the film is deformed by the protrusions; separating the template from the film; and etching the film to remove a residual layer of the film to form a nano-imprinted photonic crystal waveguide.

Abstract: A dielectric recording medium in a disc form is provided with: a center hole; an inner area; a recording area; and an outer area, arranged concentrically from the inside in this order. The inner area, the recording area, and the outer area contain a uniform and flat dielectric material and are polarized with the polarization direction of the recording area opposite to that of the inner area and the outer area in their initial condition. The recording area in which data is recorded has tracks and spaces, each of which is between two of the tracks, and is provided with areas in which control information about the recording/reproducing is recorded, in the track and the space.

Abstract: A magnetic recording disk drive has an inductive write head and a heater to record data in laminated media on the recording disk. The laminated media, with at least two ferromagnetic layers separated by a nonmagnetic spacer layer, improves SNR. Each of the ferromagnetic layers can be formed of a material having an intrinsic coercivity capable of being written by a conventional inductive write head, but because of the desired lamination to increase SNR, the ferromagnetic layer farthest from the write head is exposed to a magnetic field less than its intrinsic coercivity and thus can not be written. To write to the laminated media, heat is directed to the lower ferromagnetic layer to reduce its intrinsic coercivity below the magnetic field to which it is exposed.

Abstract: A magnetic recording disk drive has an inductive write head and a heater to record data in laminated media on the recording disk. The laminated media, with at least two ferromagnetic layers separated by a nonmagnetic spacer layer, improves SNR. Each of the ferromagnetic layers can be formed of a material having an intrinsic coercivity capable of being written by a conventional inductive write head, but because of the desired lamination to increase SNR, the ferromagnetic layer farthest from the write head is exposed to a magnetic field less than its intrinsic coercivity and thus can not be written. To write to the laminated media, heat is directed to the lower ferromagnetic layer to reduce its intrinsic coercivity below the magnetic field to which it is exposed.

Abstract: A method and structure for intensifying track seeking signals from an optical disk, in particular, a recordable digital versatile disk (DVD-R). With the addition of an optical correction layer between a dye material layer and a reflection layer inside the DVD-R, track-seeking signals of the optical disk are intensified and recording quality of the optical disk is improved. The optical correction layer is a transparent or semi-transparent layer made from inorganic materials. The optical correction layer is formed over the dye material layer in a sputtering process.

Abstract: A magneto-optical recording medium includes a heat-radiation film and a magnetic film exhibiting magnetic anisotropy in a direction vertical to a surface of the magnetic film. The heat-radiation film is formed between a substrate and the magnetic film and is formed of a plurality of alloy films having different thermal conductivities.

Abstract: An information recording medium including an information recording film made of an exchange-coupled multilayer film capable of magnetically reproducing a recorded information, wherein the exchange-coupled multilayer film has a coercive force which is not substantially changed at a temperature ranging from room temperature to approximately 65° C., the product of 55 Gauss ?m or more of a remnant magnetic flux density and a film thickness, and includes at least a transition metal-rich rare earth-transition metal amorphous alloy layer and a rare earth-rich rare earth-transition metal amorphous layer.

Abstract: This invention provides a probe based magnetic memory storage device. In a particular embodiment, magnetic memory cells are provided in an array. Each cell provides a magnetic data layer and a conductor. At least one movable probe having a tip characterized by a conductor and a soft reference layer is also provided. In addition, an intermediate layer joined to either the movable probe or each memory cell is provided. The movable probe may be placed in contact with a given memory cell, the probe and cell thereby forming a tunnel junction memory cell with the intermediate layer serving as the tunnel junction. The magnetic field provided by the probe conductor may be combined with a field provided by the cell conductor to produce a switching field to alter the orientation of the data layer. The memory cells may include a material wherein the coercivity is decreased upon an increase in temperature. The probe may also include a heat generator.

Abstract: An optical recording medium is provided which has a reflective film, a lower dielectric film, a recording film and an upper dielectric film stacked in this order on a substrate, and is adapted to receive light from the side of the upper dielectric film and reproduce a signal by utilizing at least reflected light from the recording film. The optical recording medium is characterized in that a surface of the recording film at an interface with the upper dielectric film has a surface roughness of not greater than 4 ?.

Abstract: A magnetic recording medium has a substrate, a base layer formed on the substrate and including a magnetic material, a switching layer formed on the base layer and including a nonmagnetic material, and a recording layer formed on the switching layer and having a structure comprising magnetic particles and a nonmagnetic wall buried between the magnetic particles. The medium meets the condition of TcB>Tsw, where TcB is a Curie temperature of the base layer, and Tsw is a temperature at which the recording layer and the base layer begin to exert exchange coupling interaction.

Abstract: There are provided an information recording medium which permits accurate tracking servo, and a method for recording and reproducing for an information recording medium which allows recording and reproducing of a signal at a favorable S/N by carrying out at least one of information recording and information reproduction while accurately performing tracking servo. A magneto-optic disk includes a magnetic recording layer for magnetically recording information. The magnetic recording layer is in advance magnetized for concentrically or spirally around the center of the disk in such a manner that magnetized regions are disposed such that adjacent regions are magnetized in different directions and alternately arranged in the radial direction of the disk. Accordingly, tracking can be continuously performed and accurate tracking servo can also be performed.

Abstract: The present invention provides for the enhancement of the storage capacity of a data disk drive while reducing optical path optics, electronics and/or the mass and complexity of associated read/write heads. The system utilizes light transmitted by optical elements to servo track a data disk and to heat the data disk during reading and writing of data, and magnetic elements for actual reading and writing.

Abstract: A BCA (Burst Cutting Area) code including a unique disk code indicating the type of a disk is written in a BCA code area of the disk. If the disk is mounted into the optical disk player, the optical disk player reads data written in the BCA code area, extracts the disk code contained in the read data, and confirms the type of the disk corresponding to the extracted disk code by retrieving a disk code table in which disk codes corresponding to the types of disks are mapped.

Abstract: An optical recording medium, with a construction and a manufacturing method thereof corresponding to those of a read-only optical recording medium and which can be manufactured inexpensively, which enables additional recording of the above-described codes, marks, and other new information, which can be recorded reliably and has satisfactory characteristics, is provided.

Abstract: The disclosure relates to a device for controlling magnetization reversal in a controlled ferromagnetic system such as a magnetic memory element, without using an external magnetic field, wherein it comprises between two flat electrodes a magnetic control part comprising, starting from the first electrode, a first ferromagnetic layer, a non-magnetic layer, and a second ferromagnetic layer, and the second of said two flat electrodes, the thickness of said second ferromagnetic layer being less than that of said first layer, and the thickness of said second electrode being sufficiently small to enable magnetic coupling between said second ferromagnetic layer and the system controlled by the control device.

Abstract: Disclosed are magneto-optical recording media including at least a reflection layer, a recording layer and a dielectric layer laminated on a substrate in this order, wherein the thickness of the dielectric layer is not less than 140 nm or wherein the dielectric layer is provided by the lamination of upper dielectric layer and lower dielectric layer in which the thermal conductivity of the upper dielectric layer is higher than that of the lower dielectric layer. By arranging the thickness of the dielectric layer in a specific range, the surface roughness of a media in not more than 1.5 nm, and providing a reflection layer composed of a noble metal alloy, achieved is a magneto-optical recording medium able to record constantly in near-field magneto-optical recording, suitable for narrow track pitch, and having excellent SNR, resolution, and recording sensitivity.

Abstract: An optical recording method which comprises making a recording with near field light on an optical recording medium comprising a substrate having provided thereon a particle layer containing particles having an average particle size ranging from 1 to 50 nm.

Abstract: There is provided a phase-change type optical recording medium, including: a substrate; a recording layer formed on the substrate, phase condition of the recording layer being changed when a laser beam is radiated thereonto, to thereby record, erase or reproduce data into or from the recording layer; and a reflection layer formed on the recording layer for reflecting a laser beam having been radiated onto the recording layer. The recording layer is formed so that the following equation is established: Rc>Rm>Ra wherein Rc indicates a reflectivity to be obtained when the recording layer is in crystal condition, Ra indicates a reflectivity to be obtained when the recording layer is in amorphous condition, and Rm indicates a reflectivity to be obtained when the recording layer is in mixed condition of molten condition and crystal or amorphous condition.

Abstract: A magneto-optical recording medium comprises a recording layer 5, an intermediate layer 4, and a reproducing layer 3. The reproducing layer 3 is formed of a rare earth transition metal alloy in which rare earth metal is dominant, and each of the intermediate layer 4 and the recording layer 5 is formed of a rare earth transition metal alloy in which transition metal is dominant. The intermediate layer 4 exhibits in-plane magnetization at a temperature of not less than 140° C. Therefore, the intermediate layer 4 cuts off the exchange coupling force between the recording layer 5 and the reproducing layer 3 during the reproduction. A magnetic domain 3A, which is transferred to the reproducing layer 3, is expanded to a size of a minimum magnetic domain diameter by the magnetostatic repulsive force exerted between the magnetic domain in the intermediate layer 4 and the magnetic domain in the reproducing layer.