Abstract: Disclosed herein are a high-density recording medium and a method and apparatus for controlling data playback thereof. Playback control information, such as channel bit length information, is recorded in a burst cutting area (BCA) of a high-density optical disc in a wobble type. When the high-density optical disc is reproduced, the playback control information is detected in a push-pull signal detection mode and the optimum data playback operation corresponding to the recording capacity of the optical disc is performed on the basis of the detected playback control information. Alternatively, bit error rates (BERs) are calculated while a plurality of predetermined bit detection modes are sequentially performed, one of the bit detection modes corresponding to the smallest one of the calculated BERs is selected and the data playback operation is performed in the selected bit detection mode.

Abstract: According to one embodiment, an information storage medium in which layer 0 and layer 1 are arranged from a read surface, a system lead-in area, data lead-in area, data area, and middle area are arranged from an inner circumference of the layer 0, and a system lead-out area, data lead-out area, data area, and middle area are arranged from an inner circumference of the layer 1. A guard track zone is arranged on a side of the data area in the data lead-out area, and a reference code zone, R physical format information zone, recording management zone, and drive test zone are arranged in the data lead-in area of the layer 0 and padding of the guard track zone of the data lead-out area is performed after padding of the drive test zone of data lead-in area and recording of the recording management zone.

Abstract: According to one embodiment, an information storage medium in which layer 0 and layer 1 are arranged from a read surface, a system lead-in area, data lead-in area, data area, and middle area are arranged from an inner circumference of the layer 0, and a system lead-out area, data lead-out area, data area, and middle area are arranged from an inner circumference of the layer 1. A guard track zone is arranged on a side of the data area in the data lead-out area, and a reference code zone, R physical format information zone, recording management zone, and drive test zone are arranged in the data lead-in area of the layer 0 and padding of the guard track zone of the data lead-out area is performed after padding of the drive test zone of data lead-in area and recording of the recording management zone.

Abstract: According to one embodiment, an information storage medium in which layer 0 and layer 1 are arranged from a read surface, a system lead-in area, data lead-in area, data area, and middle area are arranged from an inner circumference of the layer 0, and a system lead-out area, data lead-out area, data area, and middle area are arranged from an inner circumference of the layer 1. A guard track zone is arranged on a side of the data area in the data lead-out area, and a reference code zone, R physical format information zone, recording management zone, and drive test zone are arranged in the data lead-in area of the layer 0 and padding of the guard track zone of the data lead-out area is performed after padding of the drive test zone of data lead-in area and recording of the recording management zone.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for accomplishing an OPC (optimal power calibration) at a test area secured in data recording area of a writable optical recording medium and detecting an optimal writing power appropriate to the test area. The method searches for a marginal area adjacent to a data section recorded on an optical recording medium, records test data on the marginal area discovered in the searching step while changing a writing power; and reproduces the test data recorded on the marginal area and determining an optimal writing power based upon the characteristics of the reproduction signal. The method and system can reduce delay time required to move an optical pickup inward and outward to accomplish the OPC operation and enhances writing characteristics since an optimal writing power is obtained from a test area which is very close to data area to record input data.

Abstract: A read-only optical disc medium is disclosed. The disc medium includes: an information recording area in which information is recorded by means of an embossed pit array formed in a convexo-concave shape having a reflective layer deposited thereon; a test writing area which is used for test write recording of a mark formed by dissipating or decreasing the reflective layer; and an additional write area in which a record data string is formed of a mark by dissipating or decreasing the reflective layer under a recording condition decided in accordance with a result of test write recording performed in the test writing area.

Abstract: A write once disc allowing management of a data area, includes a lead-in zone, a data area, and a lead-out zone. The write once disc includes a predetermined area storing area allocation information which indicates whether at least one section of the data area is allocated for disc defect management. In the disc and method, area allocation information specifying a structure of the data area is recorded on the disc, thus allowing a recording/reproducing apparatus to recognize the data area structure. Therefore, allocating areas, such as a spare area, for disc defect management other than an area for storing user data, to the data area is possible. The allocation of the areas for disc defect management to the data area enables effective use of the write once disc.

Abstract: An optical disk 101 in which information is recorded on a groove track, and an optical disk 107 in which information is recorded on a land track. The optical disk 101 has a control data area 102, and a data recording area 103 in which user data is recorded. The optical disk 107 has a control data area 108, and a data recording area 109 in which user data is recorded. A code for indicating the groove track or the land track onto which a tracking servo control is to be executed is provided both in the control data area 102 of the optical disk 101, and in the control data area 108 of the optical disk 107.

Abstract: A recording medium, and a method and apparatus for recording and reproducing data to/from the recording medium are disclosed. The recording medium having a data structure for managing a data area of the recording medium includes at least one physical access control (PAC) cluster, the at least one PAC cluster including information for managing logical overwriting to the recording medium, wherein each PAC cluster includes a PAC header, the PAC header being common to each PAC cluster, and a PAC specific information area, the area including information specific to each PAC cluster, wherein the PAC header includes segment information identifying at least one segment area in a user data area of the recording medium.

Abstract: A write once disc allowing management of a data area, a method of managing the data area of the write once disc, an apparatus recording data on the write once disc, an apparatus and method of reproducing data from a write once disc. The write once disc, includes a lead-in zone, a data area, and a lead-out zone. The write once disc includes a predetermined area storing area allocation information which indicates whether at least one section of the data area is allocated for disc defect management. In the disc and method, area allocation information specifying a structure of the data area is recorded on the disc, thus allowing a recording/reproducing apparatus to recognize the data area structure. Therefore, allocating areas, such as a spare area, for disc defect management other than an area for storing user data, to the data area is possible. The allocation of the areas for disc defect management to the data area enables effective use of the write once disc.

Abstract: Disclosed is an optical information recording medium that can solve a problem that a BCA mark becomes unrecognizable in an optical recording medium including a recording layer using an organic coloring matter. A playback signal in a burst cut area comprises a bright-area amplitude level formed upon the playback of a part where no barcode-shaped mark has been formed, a dark-area amplitude level formed upon the playback of a part where a barcode-shaped mark has been formed, and a maximum amplitude level having a protruded waveform formed upon the reproduction of the edge of a barcode-shaped mark. When a portion intermediate between the maximum amplitude level and the dark-part amplitude level is defined as an intermediate level, the intermediate level is lower than the bright-area amplitude level.

Abstract: In an optical disk including at least a rewritable phase change material and comprising a recording layer having a reflectivity of more than 15%, an address output value as an address pit signal component occupying in a reproduced signal in a non recording state is prescribed to be 0.18 though 0.27 or a numerical aperture of an address pit signal occupying in a reproduced signal in a non recording state is prescribed to be more than 0.3.

Abstract: There is provided an optical disc having preformed thereon a spiral wobbled track as a grove and/or land along with data is to be recorded. The track is wobbled for a series of predetermined signal units each composed of an FSK information bit part based on a waveform resulted from FSK modulation of information bit and a singe-frequency part based on a waveform of a single frequency. The FSK modulation uses two different frequencies of which the one is the same as the single frequency and the other is different from the single frequency. These different frequencies are in such a relation that each of them has an even number of wobbles and an odd number of wobbles alternately in a predetermined cycle.

Abstract: A recording medium and a method and apparatus for recording data are disclosed. The recording medium includes a data area in which data is recorded, a lead-in area arranged radially inwardly of the data area, and a lead-out area arranged radially outwardly of the data area, wherein the lead-in area includes information indicating whether pre-recording has been performed with respect to a portion of the lead-in area.

Abstract: The present invention provides an optical disc on which a visible image can be formed by irradiation of laser light, which comprises a logo area on which visible information is indicated, a pre-pit signal area, and an image forming area on which a visible image can be formed by irradiation of laser light; and an image forming method of forming a visible image by irradiation of laser light on an optical disc, the method including detecting a pre-pit signal from a pre-pit signal area formed on the optical disc, and forming the visible image based on the result of the detection, wherein the optical disc is the optical disc of an aspect of the invention.

Abstract: A recording medium (100) is provided with: a first recording layer (L0) and a second recording layer (L1) to record therein record information, and a control area (102, 118) in said recording layer and a control area in said second recording layer to record therein control information for controlling at least one of recording and reproduction of the record information, wherein a distance between an inner radius of the control area in the first recording layer and an outer radius of the control area in the second recording layer is larger than or equal to a first predetermined value.

Abstract: An information recording medium having at least a read only area and a recording and reproducing area is composed of at least: a substrate; a recording layer formed on the substrate so as to record and reproduce information; and a light transmission layer having transparency formed on the recording layer. The information recording medium is further characterized in that a wobbling groove corresponding to the read only area and another wobbling groove corresponding to the recording and reproducing area is formed on the substrate without overlapping with each other, the recording and light transmitting layers are continuously adhered over at least two areas of the read only area and the recording and reproducing area, reflectivity of the recording layer is more than 5%, and a push-pull signal output T3 reproduced from the read only area and another push-pull signal output T4 reproduced from the recording and reproducing area before recording satisfies relations of T3?0.1, T4?0.1 and 1.5?T3/T4?0.5.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for accomplishing an OPC (optimal power calibration) at a test area secured in data recording area of a writable optical recording medium and detecting an optimal writing power appropriate to the test area, are discussed. According to an embodiment, the method searches for a marginal area adjacent to a data section recorded on an optical recording medium, records test data on the marginal area discovered in the searching step while changing a writing power; and reproduces the test data recorded on the marginal area and determining an optimal writing power based upon the characteristics of the reproduction signal.

Abstract: An optical recording medium and a method of recording and reproducing of the optical recording medium are provided, which are capable of recording and reproducing data with reliability even when blue or blue violet laser light is used as irradiation light. The optical recording medium has a recording layer in which a recording mark composed of a plurality of cavities is formed by irradiation of the laser light. The recording layer is configured so that, in a plan view taken in a direction of irradiation of the laser light, cavities lying in an area of the center and its vicinities of the recording mark, out of the plurality of cavities, include cavities greater than ones lying around the area.

Abstract: According to the invention, techniques for recording data onto recording media at relatively high transfer rates for relatively long periods of time. Embodiments according to the present invention include systems and apparatus capable of an improved sustained rate of data recording onto disk type-recording media, for example. Many embodiments can remove the upper limits of both recording capacity and the number of media that can be used. Select embodiments can be used with different kinds of recording media as well. In a specific embodiment, the area on a hard disk is divided into three areas. A first area can be suitable for sequential recording of continuous data. A second area can be suitable for random recording of discontinuous data. A third area can be used for recording logical sector numbers, coupling logical sector numbers, and file information that are used for marking each of the first and second areas, so that continuous data can be recorded on the hard disk at a high data rate.

Abstract: An address format for appropriately controlling the recording linear density and the number of information recording layers is provided in order to increase the recording capacity of an information recording medium such as an optical disc or the like in a range in which a necessary S/N ratio can be guaranteed. An optical disc includes an information recording layer having a concentric or spiral track, and has a format for describing a track address, which is pre-recorded on the track or is to be added to data that is to be recorded on the information recording layer. The format includes layer information regarding the information recording layer and address information regarding the track address.

Abstract: A big pattern for a run-in area which allows data reproduction to be performed stably even when the recording density of an optical disc is increased is provided. An optical disc according to the present invention includes tracks, each of which divided into a plurality of recording blocks. Each of the plurality of blocks includes a run-in area and a data area. In the run-in area, a prescribed run-in bit pattern is recordable; and in the data area, bit patterns having a plurality of bit lengths obtained by modulating data as a recording target in accordance with a prescribed modulation rule are recordable. In this optical disc, at least one of spatial frequencies corresponding to the bit patterns having the plurality of bit lengths is higher than a cutoff frequency. The run-in bit pattern recordable in the run-in area includes the bit patterns having the plurality of bit lengths, from which the bit pattern corresponding to the frequency higher than the OTF cutoff frequency has been excluded.

Abstract: An information recording medium 1 at least comprises a substrate 13 having a microscopic pattern 20, which is constituted by a shape of continuous substance of approximately parallel grooves formed with a groove section G and a land section L alternately, a recording layer 12 formed on the microscopic pattern 20 and a light transmission layer 11 formed on the recording layer. The microscopic pattern 20 is formed so as to satisfy a relation of P<?<NA and a thickness of the light transmission layer 11 is within a range of 0.07 to 0.12 mm, wherein P is a pitch of the groove section G or the land section L, ? is a wavelength of reproducing light beam and NA is a numerical aperture of an objective lens.

Abstract: An optical recording medium includes a main-information area in which a metal reflection film is formed on a substrate where a row of pits is formed as main data, and a sub-information area in which is recorded medium identification information, which is used to identify the optical recording medium individually, by removing the metal reflection film partially and forming a plurality of reflection-film removed areas. Information is reproduced by irradiating the metal reflection film with a beam of light. In the sub-information area, a row of pits or a guide groove is formed on the substrate, and a track pitch of the row of pits or the guide groove is at least 0.24 ?m wide and at most 0.45 ?m wide.

Abstract: An information recording medium (100) is provided with: a first pre-recording area, in which reproducible preformed information including physical address information is recorded in advance and in which preformed address information assigned in advance is not recorded; a second pre-recording area, which is adjacent to the first pre-recording area and in which each of the preformed address information and unreproducible preformed information is recorded in advance; a first recording area, which is adjacent to the second pre-recording area and in which first record information is recorded and which is reproduced by an information reproducing apparatus in reproduction, the first record information including physical address information which can be reproduced by the information reproducing apparatus; and a second recording area, which is adjacent to the first recording area and in which predetermined second record information is recorded.

Abstract: A method of recording, and an apparatus to record, data on a write-once disc, and the write-once disc used with the method and apparatus. The write-once disc includes a plurality of update areas in which to record a predetermined type of updated information, at least one main access information area (AIA) in which to record main access information (AI), the main AI indicating a final update area in which finally updated information is recorded, among the plurality of update areas, and at least one sub AIA in which to record sub AI, the sub AI indicating a location of the finally updated information recorded in the final update area.

Abstract: A video object (26) contains a cell (31) which can be appropriately read and reproduced and a dummy cell (32) which cannot be appropriately read or reproduced. Video title set information (21) contains a plurality of program chains (40) containing a real program chain not specifying the dummy cell (32) and a virtual program chain specifying the dummy cell (32).

Abstract: An optical information media, system, and method for providing ubiquitous reading and selective writing is disclosed. By placing data structures representing a nonstandard book type in byte “0” of the media, the media is made universally bootable and universally readable in substantially any DVD drive. On the other hand, data structure representing a version code or disc category is placed in byte “0” or another byte of the control data zone in order to identify the media and enable writing in select drives. The version code and/or disc category identifies the media and calls for one or more write strategies configured for writing to the particular media. When the media is a permanent storage media, loss of data can be avoided, ubiquitous read can be achieved, and selective write in predetermined drives can be achieved resulting in a robust system and method of storing and retrieving data.

Abstract: An information recording apparatus (200) is provided with: a first recording device (354) for recording user data into a user data area (105, 115) provided for an information recording medium (100), with a data area attribute added; and a second recording device (354) for recording a marker (108) following an end edge portion of the recorded user data, with a predetermined flag bit set to a first value and with the data area attribute added, the flag bit indicating at least whether or not the marker is recorded.

Abstract: In a method for recording information on an information recording medium having a data recording area for storing user data and a test area used for test recording by a recording apparatus, it is detected whether the test area is unusable when executing the test recording. The test recording is executed in the test area when the test area is detected not to be unusable, or executed in the data recording area when detected to be unusable. Management information relating to the test recording executed in the data recording area is recorded in a predetermined area. Hence, it is possible to eliminate a limit of number of times of test recording which depends on the size of the test recording area.

Abstract: A recording medium of the recordable type in the form of a multi-layer disc or the like which is improved in compatibility and feasibility in use and a recording apparatus and a recording method ready for the recording medium are disclosed. A region for recording interlayer folding back position information is set on the recording medium (for example, “End sector number in Layer 0” or a session item type 3). In response to a fact that recording on a certain recording layer reaches a maximum recording range or that data recording advances from a certain recording layer to a next recording layer, interlayer folding back position information is recorded on the recording medium. This signifies that such recording is performed when advancement of the data recording to another recording layer is performed at a stage prior to disc closing or session closing or when it is predicted that such advancement of the data recording occurs soon.

Abstract: A recording device has a recording unit for recording information in a medium having a first layer and a second layer; a forming unit for forming a buffer area in each of the first and second layers; and a control unit for controlling the forming unit to form the buffer area in the first layer to have a prescribed size and an edge on an outer circumference side of the buffer area in the second layer at a position, shifted from an area section of the second layer corresponding to the edge on the outer circumference side of the buffer area by a relative positional shift between an address at a prescribed position in the first layer and an address relating to the prescribed position in the second layer, or at a position shifted by a tolerance length indicating a tolerance range of such positional shift.

Abstract: In a multilayer optical recording medium having three or more recording layers, when data is recorded on a recording layer far away from an incident surface of laser light, and especially on a recording layer farthest away from the incident surface of the laser light, by applying the laser light, the recording power margin of the farthest recording layer allows for a variation in the optimal recording sensitivity even if the transmittance of the recording layers located between the laser light incident surface side and the target recording layer is varied due to existing recordings and the amount of the laser light passing therethrough is also varied. In this case, the recording layer which is the farthest from an incident surface of laser light has a phase change recording film, and the recording layer which is the nearest from the incident surface of the laser light has a write-once read-multiple recording film.

Abstract: An information recording medium reading method is provided. The information recording medium has a user data area for recording data and at Least one spare area for recording replacements for defects of the user data area. The method includes steps of sequentially reading the user data area upon a registered defect is read. searching a corresponding replacement for the registered defect in a cache buffer; reading the corresponding replacement and neighboring replacements thereof from the spare area if the corresponding replacement is failed to be found in the searching step; storing the read replacements in the cache buffer; and repeating the above steps until a reading procedure is completed. A reading apparatus, which includes the cache buffer for storing the replacements and implements the above method, is also provided.

Abstract: An optical disk is provided that includes a face carrying information that is readable by a laser while the disk is being driven in rotation, the face being defined by a flexible structure; a support stiffening the flexible structure and including at least one fiber layer having a thickness; and an identification and/or authentication element carried by the support, the identification and/or authentication element being configured to emit a detectable signal on being illuminated by the laser that is used for reading the information present on the face, the identification and/or authentication element being inside and/or outside the support.

Abstract: A micro-holographic data storage system and method. Micro-holograms are written to a data storage medium with two counter-propagating beams via objective recording lenses which have a first numerical aperture (NA) to make the micro-holograms larger. Alternatively, elongated micro-holograms can be produced using counter-propagating beams with different focus points. The micro-holograms are retrieved from the data storage medium using a single beam via an objective reading lens which has a second NA that is higher than the first NA. The data storage medium has a substrate with a plurality of tracks separated by a track pitch. The plurality of micro-holograms are each contained in each of the plurality of tracks, wherein, at least one of the plurality of micro-holograms has a width which is nearly equal to a width of the track pitch.

Abstract: A compatible optical recording medium is described, which is designed in such a way that it has the appearance of a read-only optical recording medium for most players and recorders. Further described is a method for manufacturing the recordable optical recording medium. The optical recording medium has an essentially flat recording layer with a first reflectivity at a wavelength specified for a reading recording light beam, which has an alloyed guide track formed of the material of the essentially flat recording layer with a second reflectivity different from the first reflectivity at the specified wavelength.

Abstract: At least a first recording layer (L0 layer) and a second recording layer (L1 layer) are provided. The first recording layer is disc-shaped, and has a first recording track path formed for recording recording information. The second recording layer is disc-shaped, arranged on the first recording layer and has a second recording track path formed in an opposite direction to the first recording track path for recording recording information. On edge parts on the outer circumference sides of the first recording layer and the second recording layer, first buffer areas (104-0 and 104-1) are further provided for preventing a recording or reproducing position from deviating from the first recording layer or the second recording layer and for interlayer jump. At least a part of the first buffer area is previously formed as a pre-recording area by an embossed pit (in the case of DVD-RW) or by a pit formed by recording laser irradiation (in the case of DVD-R).

Abstract: An optical disc includes a read-only area having a first wobble, which is a data wobble formed in the read-only area for only reading, a readable/writable area having a second wobble, which is different from the data wobble, and a connection area between the read-only area and the readable/writable area having a third wobble having the same frequency as one of the first and second wobbles.

Abstract: In a recording disc, a straight groove (31) and a position determining pit (33) are formed in an inner circumference area (21), and a straight groove (34) and an over-run preventing pit (36) are formed in an outer circumference area (22), and only a straight groove (37) is formed over the entire middle area (23).

Abstract: An information recording medium (100) is provided with a plurality of recording layers (L0 layer, L1 layer) to record therein record information, and property information (200) indicating properties of the each recording layer is recorded in each of the plurality of recording layers.

Abstract: According to one embodiment, single-sided dual-layer recordable disc 100 may be used. Information recording is performed by forming mark and space portions on data area DA using modulated laser power. Pp denotes the maximum laser power or peak power for forming the mark portion, and Pb denotes the bias power for forming the space portion. Power ratio Pb/Pp is calculated for each of recording layers L0 and L1. Information is recorded on any of the recording layers L0 and L1 based on the result of calculation. Here, the calculated power ratio Pb/Pp changes among the recording layers L0 and L1, thereby optimizing the recording condition for a multi-layer recordable optical disc within relatively short time.

Abstract: A recording medium on which data is recorded in units of clusters, a method and apparatus for reproducing data on the recording medium, and a method and apparatus for recording data on the recording medium, wherein each of the clusters includes a plurality of address fields, each address field includes 32-bit address unit number (AUN) address information, and the AUN address information includes a reserved area recorded on 4 bits, layer information, recorded on 3 bits, indicating a layer on which data corresponding to the AUN address information is recorded, and location information, recorded on 25 bits, indicating a location of the data corresponding to the AUN address information. In the recording medium of the present invention, a space in which addresses are recorded is expanded, thereby securing an address area in which addresses of data can be recorded in a data structure.

Abstract: An optical disk physical has a recording region divided into zones, each zone including physical tracks adjacent to each other. An integer number of sectors are provided in each physical track. The angular recording density is higher in the more outward zones such that the linear recording density is substantially constant throughout the recording region, and logical tracks are formed of a predetermined number of sectors, independent of the physical tracks. The conversion between the logical track and sector addresses read from the disk and the linear logical addresses supplied from a host device is easy. The addresses written in headers of the sectors in the logical track in which data are actually recorded, including substitute sectors used in place of defect sectors, are preferably consecutive to further facilitate the conversion between the logical track and sector addresses read from the disk and the linear logical addresses supplied from the host device.

Abstract: According to one embodiment, an information storage medium in which layer 0 and layer 1 are arranged from a read surface, a system lead-in area, data lead-in area, data area, and middle area are arranged from an inner circumference of the layer 0, and a system lead-out area, data lead-out area, data area, and middle area are arranged from an inner circumference of the layer 1. A guard track zone is arranged on a side of the data area in the data lead-out area, and a reference code zone, R physical format information zone, recording management zone, and drive test zone are arranged in the data lead-in area of the layer 0 and padding of the guard track zone of the data lead-out area is performed after padding of the drive test zone of data lead-in area and recording of the recording management zone.

Abstract: To accomplish write-once type optical recording mediums that have excellent recording and reproducing characteristics and producibility and that are capable of being fabricated at low cost. A write-once type optical recording medium 10 has the structure of which an inorganic recording film 6, a dielectric film 4, and a light transmission layer 5 have been successively formed on a substrate 1. The inorganic recording film 6 is composed of a metal film 2 and an oxide film 3 successively formed on the substrate 1. When light is radiated to the inorganic recording film 6, oxygen is separated from the oxide film 3 due to the light catalyst effect, resulting in increasing the oxygen concentration on the metal film 2 side and largely varying the optical constant.

Abstract: An information recording medium is provided, which comprises a plurality of recording layers and a first disc information area for storing parameters relating to access to the plurality of recording layers and formats relating to the plurality of recording layers. The first disc information area is provided in a first recording layer which is one of the plurality of recording layers.

Abstract: An information recording apparatus for recording data on an information recording medium includes a logical-format-image manager configured to generate logical-format-image data; a logical-format-image storage unit configured to store the logical-format-image data generated by the logical-format-image manager; and a recording controller configured to exercise control so that the logical-format-image data stored in the logical-format-image storage unit is recorded on an information recording medium during periods of suspension of recording of user data on the information recording medium, the periods of suspension being provided intermittently on the basis of an amount of user data stored in a buffer for storing user data.

Abstract: An optical recording medium is provided with at least a substrate, light absorbing and heat generating parts each of which absorbs light and generates heat, and recording parts, and each of the recording parts are formed between two recording tracks.

Abstract: An optical disc is manufactured under a uniform condition by forming grooves and lands on the entire surface of the disc. The optical disc is configured to obtain a reliable reproduction signal, and the grooves and lands are formed on a lead-in area, a user data area and a lead-out area of the optical disc. Since the same manufacturing condition can be adopted in mastering discs, the yield can be enhanced and the manufacturing cost can be reduced.