Abstract: A method of manufacturing an optical information recording medium that has a substrate having a signal recording layer formed on one principal surface thereof; and an optically transparent layer formed on the signal recording layer and made from a radiation cure type resin. According to the method, when the optically transparent layer is formed, the radiation cure type resin is supplied onto the substrate, and the radiation cure type resin is applied over the substrate by spinning the substrate at a predetermined number of application revolutions in a spin coating method. The number of revolutions of the substrate is increased after the application of the resin, and radiation is irradiated to cure the radiation cure type resin while the number of revolutions of the substrate is increased.

Abstract: Disclosed are an optical recording reproducing apparatus which can effectively remove contamination material attached thereto and an optical recording medium used in the optical recording reproducing apparatus. To this end, the apparatus comprises: a catalyst layer formed at a specific part thereof; and a light irradiation unit for irradiating light on the catalyst layer. An optical disc used in an optical recording reproducing apparatus includes a catalyst layer.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a system and method for permanently and generally instantaneously destroying at least the data contained on magnetic data storage media upon the occurrence of certain events. Unauthorized access to data stored on magnetic media is prevented by destruction of the media with a reactant chemical. This approach may be initiated as a response to tampering or intentionally by using any one of several triggering interfaces described herein. Destruction of the media is quick and permanent, rendering the data unrecoverable even to aggressive recovery procedures.

Abstract: An optical information recording medium of the present invention includes a protective layer; an interface layer; and a recording layer, the optical characteristics of which are changed reversibly when irradiated by a laser beam, layered in this order on a substrate. The protective layer contains at least Zn, S, and Si atoms, and an atomic composition ratio of O to Si is at least 0 and smaller than 2. A refractive index of the interface layer is smaller than a refractive index of the protective layer.

Abstract: An optical information recording medium includes a first dielectric layer composed of ZnS—SiO2, a second dielectric layer composed of silicon oxynitride, a third dielectric layer composed of ZnS—SiO2, a first interface layer composed of GeN, a recording layer composed of Ge2Sb2Te5, a second interface layer composed of GeN, a fourth dielectric layer composed of ZnS—SiO2, and a reflecting layer laminated on a transparent substrate in this order. The second dielectric layer is deposited by reactive sputtering in a mixed gas atmosphere composed of Ar, O2, and N2. The refractive index of the second dielectric layer is controlled so as to be lower than the refractive indexes of the first dielectric layer and the third dielectric layer. In the recording layer, the optical absorptivity in the amorphous state is controlled so as to be lower than the optical absorptivity in the crystalline state.

Abstract: The present invention provides a method for manufacturing an optical recording medium by forming a light-transmitting layer employing a photo-curable resin, yet affording superior mechanical properties. The present invention also provides an apparatus for manufacturing an optical recording medium suitable for use in the above-mentioned method. A method for manufacturing an optical recording medium (1) having, on a supporting substrate (2), at least one recording layer (5) and a light-transmitting layer (7) on the recording layer (5), comprising the steps of providing an energy ray-curable resin layer on the recording layer (5), and irradiating the resin layer with an energy ray at least twice to form the light-transmitting layer (7).

Abstract: A high-density multi-layer recording medium is provided with a first recording layer arranged within a layer of transparent material a first distance from a light incident surface of a recording medium and a second recording layer arranged a greater second distance from the light incident layer. The material forming the layer of transparent material on the recording medium typically has an index of refraction between about 1.45 and 1.70 with the first and second recording layers being arranged in an annular section of the substrate between about 63.5 &mgr;m and about 115.5 &mgr;m from the light incident surface with the separation between the two recording layer being between about 14 &mgr;m and 30 &mgr;m. Also disclosed is an apparatus for reading such recording mediums including a light source and a lens assembly arranged and configured to produce a light beam that enters the recording medium through the light incident surface and is focused on the two recording layers.

Abstract: An optical recording medium including two or more recording layers which are capable of transmitting at a high transmittance recording light or reproducing light for performing recording/reproducing of a first recording layer (3) without having to make the thickness of a second recording film (5) positioned towards the side from which the recording light or the reproducing light enters. An optical recording medium including two or more recording layers, and which includes the first recording layer (3), the second recording layer (5) positioned further towards, with an intermediate layer (4) in between, the side from which the recording light or the reproducing light enters than is the first recording layer (3), and includes, between the above-mentioned intermediate layer (4) and the above-mentioned second recording layer (5), a dielectric layer (7) for increasing the transmittance for light passing through the above-mentioned second recording layer as the incident angle of the light becomes greater.

Abstract: An optical recording medium 10 is recorded and reproduced with irradiation of light L and recorded pits are recorded with irradiation of light L through an objective lens 4 of which numerical aperture is greater than 1, at least a silicon layer 3 and a silicon oxide layer 2 being formed from the light irradiation side, in that order. An optical recording medium and an optical recording and reproducing method thereof are suitable for use with a near-field optical recording and reproducing system using an objective lens of which numerical aperture is greater than 1.

Abstract: An optical recording medium comprises a superresolution film which has a light transmittance varying in accordance with the intensity of incident light and which has a superresolution function for optically masking part of incident light to form an optical aperture having a smaller size than a spot size of incident light, the superresolution film including at least two kinds of superresolution films having different response times until the superresolution function occurs after being irradiated with light. Thus, it is possible to easily and surely reduce the light spot size to greatly enhance the recording density. In addition, it is possible to extend the operating wavelength range by providing at least two kinds of superresolution films having different operating wavelengths causing the superresolution function.

Abstract: A thin film alloy material with the design of optic reflection and semi-transmission, which not only can make a single layer film have the effect of reflection and semi-transmission simultaneously, but also can attain the effect that has different reflectivity and half-transmittance by adjusting the ratio of alloy and the thickness of thin film. In a thin film that has relative upper and lower surfaces, there are a first alloy layer and a second alloy layer coated on the upper and lower surface; wherein the first alloy layer is composed of silver and metal X, and the metal X is chosen from one of the following metals: titanium, zirconium, hafnium; the second alloy layer is composed of silver, copper, and metal X, and the metal X is chosen from one of the following metals: titanium, zirconium, hafnium.

Abstract: A favorable magnetic transfer is performed to a perpendicular magnetic recording medium. A master medium is provided with a substrate on the surface of which protrusion portions, which form a pattern corresponding to the data that is to be transferred, having a pliable layer thereon have been formed. The master medium is further provided with a soft magnetic layer formed in the depression portions between the protrusion portions, and which is magnetically linked to the soft magnetic layer of the protrusion portions. The soft magnetic layer of the surface of the protrusion portions is conjoined with the magnetic recording layer of a perpendicular magnetic recording medium to form a conjoined body, and a transfer magnetic field is applied to the conjoined body in the direction from the substrate of the master medium toward the slave medium to perform the magnetic transfer.

Abstract: A storage device is provided. The storage device has a stator layer, an emitter layer, and a rotor layer. The rotor layer has a data cluster. The data cluster has a phase change media and a heat source coupled to the data cluster for data cluster erasure. A method of erasing data locations in a data cluster having phase change media is also provided. In a heating action, the phase change media is heated to a temperature which allows interface growth to dominate, rather than nuclei growth. In a cooling action, the phase change media is cooled to reduce polycrystalline structure. Data circuitry for data cluster erasure is also provided.

Abstract: An ultra-high density data storage and retrieval unit has a data layer for storing and/or retrieving data and a second layer, wherein the data layer and/or the second layer comprise an ordered-defect material. The data layer is a phase-change layer capable of changing between a first state and a second state. The second layer forms a diode with the data layer for detecting a data state of the data layer. A method is provided for forming an ultra-high density data storage and retrieval device comprising forming a data layer for storing and/or retrieving data, and forming a second layer beneath the data layer, wherein the data layer and/or the second layer is an ordered-defect material.

Abstract: An optical disk of a system wherein a recording layer is irradiated through a thin film cover layer with a laser beam having a short wavelength, such as a blue laser beam, and the optical disk has a hard coat layer excellent in abrasion resistance, durability of the surface lubricity and transparency.

Abstract: A ridgy resin film made of a resin is formed. On a flat substrate, a first concave and a second concave are formed such as to be spaced a given distance apart from each other. Then, a resin liquid is supplied onto a land being part of the substrate exposed between the first and second concaves. Due to its surface tension, the resin liquid supplied onto the land bulges, and a ridgy resin film even in width is formed by curing the resin liquid in this state. Along the edges of the openings of the first concave and the second concave, ridges are formed. Since the resin liquid is supplied onto the land between the ridges, it does not drip nor overflow.

Abstract: An optical recording medium is provided. The medium has a phase change recording layer wherein amorphous recorded marks are to be formed, and overwriting is conducted by irradiating a laser beam whose intensity is modulated to have at least recording power level and erasing power level. When the power level at which maximum erasability is achieved in DC erasing operation to crystallize the amorphous recorded marks by DC laser beam irradiation is designated an optimal erasing power level, difference between the DC erasability upon DC laser beam irradiation at a power level not less than said optimal erasing power level and not exceeding the recording power level in the overwriting and said maximum erasability is less than 10 dB in the medium of the present invention. A medium wherein such difference is less than 10 dB exhibits excellent overwrite shelf property.

Abstract: An optical recording medium includes a phase-change recording layer where reversible phase changes between a crystal phase and an amorphous phase are used. The recording layer includes at least Sb, Tb, and Te. When indexing as a hexagonal lattice has been performed in a state corresponding to the crystal phase, the recording layer has a structure where an axial ratio c/a of a c-axis length to an a-axis length in the hexagonal lattice is between 2.590 and 2.702 inclusive.

Abstract: An optical recording medium includes a recording layer, a first dielectric layer disposed on the side of a light incidence plane through which the laser beam enters with respect to the recording layer, a second dielectric layer disposed on the side opposite to the light incidence plane with respect to the recording layer, a heat radiation layer disposed on the side of the light incidence plane with respect to the first dielectric layer and a reflective layer disposed on the side opposite to the light incidence plane with respect to the second dielectric layer, the recording layer containing a phase change material represented by an atomic composition formula: SbaTebGecTbd, where a is equal to or larger than 63 and equal to or smaller than 78, c is equal to or larger than 2 and equal to or smaller than 10, d is equal to or larger than 3 and equal to or smaller than 15, (a+d) is equal to or larger than 75 and equal to or smaller than 82 and a/b is equal to or larger than 3.3 and equal to or smaller than 4.

Abstract: A method of recording and reproducing information in a phase-change optical recording medium by irradiation of an electromagnetic wave for recording, reproducing and/or rewriting information is proposed, wherein when information is recorded in the phase-change optical recording medium by modulating an input signal and conducting pulse width modulation recording, a recording pulse string for recording and rewriting is a continuous electromagnetic wave, and a recording pulse string for recording and rewriting, after the modulation of the input signal, is an electromagnetic wave pulse string having a front-pulse portion fp, a multi-pulse portion mp with a total pulse duration period T and a duty ratio y, and an off-pulse portion op, wherein the duty ratio y is decreased as a recording linear velocity for the phase-change optical recording medium is increased, whereby multi-speed recording or CAV (constant angular velocity) recording is carried out.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a high-density optical disk having thin film layer made from a thermochromic polymer with a red-shift which exhibits self-focusing and optical bleaching. After an incident light beam passes through the polymer medium, not only can the spot size of the beam be reduced but also transmittance can be enhanced due to these kinds of third-order nonlinear optical response. Thus, a high-density disk structured according to the present invention is capable of the signal reproduction resolution beyond the diffraction limit with an efficient reflectivity. Accordingly, data recording density of a high-density disk can be improved greatly.

Abstract: A recording medium manufacturing method comprises a process for forming a thermosensitive material layer 12 on a substrate comprising a recording medium or a recording medium manufacturing master, a process for forming a denatured portion 12s of a pattern corresponding to target very small concavities and convexities on the thermosensitive material layer by irradiating laser light on the thermosensitive material layer with patterns corresponding to target very small concavities and convexities and a process for forming target very small concavities and convexities by patterning the thermosensitive material layer by developing the thermosensitive material layer 12. In particular, in the laser light irradiation, there can be formed patterns independent of the length of the very small concavities and convexities by irradiation of laser light modulated by a frequency higher than a period of very small concavities and convexities.

Abstract: An optical recording medium includes a recording layer, a first dielectric layer disposed on the side of a light incidence plane through which the laser beam enters with respect to the recording layer, a second dielectric layer disposed on the side opposite to the light incidence plane with respect to the recording layer, a heat radiation layer disposed on the side of the light incidence plane with respect to the first dielectric layer and a reflective layer disposed on the side opposite to the light incidence plane with respect to the second dielectric layer, the recording layer containing a phase change material represented by an atomic composition formula: SbaTebGecMnd, where a is equal to or larger than 55 and equal to or smaller than 70, c is equal to or larger than 4 and equal to or smaller than 10, d is equal to or larger than 10 and equal to or smaller than 20, a/b is equal to or larger than 2.8 and equal to or smaller than 3.5 and a/d is equal to or larger than 3.0 and equal to or smaller than 6.

Abstract: Squarylium-metal chelate compounds as recording materials for optical recording media, and optical recording media using these compounds, which have excellent recording properties, light resistance and storage stability.

Abstract: An optical recording disk includes a support substrate, grooves and lands alternately formed on one major surface of the support substrate, an optical functioning layer formed on the one major surface of the support substrate on which the grooves and the lands are formed and including a recording layer and a light transmission layer formed on the optical functioning layer, the grooves and the lands being formed so that the depth Gd of each of the grooves is equal to or larger than 15 nm and equal to or smaller than 25 nm and the half width Gw is equal to or larger than 150 nm and is equal to or smaller than 230 nm, and the recording layer including a first recording film containing Si as a primary component and a second recording film containing Cu as a primary component.

Abstract: An optical recording medium, with a construction and a manufacturing method thereof corresponding to those of a read-only optical recording medium and which can be manufactured inexpensively, which enables additional recording of the above-described codes, marks, and other new information, which can be recorded reliably and has satisfactory characteristics, is provided.

Abstract: A magneto-optical recording medium wherein a magnetic domain is transferred from a recording layer to a reproducing layer is expanded. When the reproducing layer is formed, the composition ratio of a transition metal at a surface of the reproducing layer on a reproducing light beam-incoming side is made to be higher than the composition ratio of the transition metal at a surface of the reproducing layer on a side opposite to the reproducing light beam-incoming side. Thus, the operation to expand the magnetic domain, transferred from the recording layer to the reproducing layer, is performed smoothly, and the jitter of the reproduced signal is reduced to improve signal-to-noise ratio (S/N) of the reproduced signal.

Abstract: An optical data storage system writes or reads information with respect to an optical storage medium using an optical pickup including a solid immersion optical system or a solid immersion lens for generating a near-field and emitting a light beam. The optical storage medium includes a recording layer which is formed on a surface of an optical transmissive layer opposite to another surface of the optical transmissive layer which opposes the solid immersion optical system or solid immersion lens. The thickness of the optical transmissive layer is larger than one wavelength of the light beam. The interval between the surfaces of the solid immersion lens or solid immersion optical system and the optical transmissive layer is smaller than one wavelength of the light beam. Thus, the light beam reflected from the inside of an air gap and the inside of the optical storage medium between the air gap and the recording layer does not function as noise with respect to the light reflected from the recording layer.

Abstract: The object of the present invention is to provide an optical recording medium which is excellent in the recording sensitivity and suitable for the high speed recording. Thus, the present invention is an optical recording medium comprising a substrate and a laser-writable and readable recording layer provided thereon, wherein said recording layer contains a chelate dye comprising two or more azo compounds having different structures and a divalent or more metal ion, and said azo compounds are a selected from azo compounds represented by the following general formula (I) and the general formula (II).

Abstract: A nanocomposite material having a plurality of core particles formed of a core material. The core material has a first glass transition temperature. A shell encapsulates each core particle. The shell is formed of a shell material that has a second glass transition temperature less than the first glass transition temperature. When subjected to a temperature greater than the second glass transition temperature and less than the first glass transition temperature, the shells form a continuous matrix surrounding the core particles. The shell material includes a functional component that can be activated in response to an external excitation. This functional component can include either photosensitive, semiconductor, magnetic, piezoelectric or electro-active components just to mention a few. The different components may be chemically or physically bound to the shell or cores. These nanocomposite materials are used as storage media.

Abstract: An optical information-recording medium which contains a dye having at least two chromophores bonded to each other without any conjugated bond intervening between those chromophores.

Abstract: An optical information recording medium including a substrate, a recording layer formed on the substrate, and a transparent sheet provided on the recording layer via an adhesive layer. The adhesive layer has a peak of loss modulus at a temperature of 0° C. or lower, and exhibits an E1′/E2′ ratio of 2.0 or less, wherein E1′ and E2′ represent storage moduli of the adhesive layer at 25° C. and 80° C., respectively.

Abstract: A reproduction apparatus is provided for reproducing information stored on an optical medium. The apparatus includes a light source for illuminating the optical medium, the optical medium having at least one surface containing information stored thereon; a focusing arrangement operable to focus the light source on the at least one surface containing information thereon; and a detection arrangement operable to detect the information stored on the optical medium. The optical medium includes a first substrate having a first information surface; a semitransparent reflection film formed on the first information surface of the first substrate; a second substrate having a second information surface; a reflection film formed on the second information surface of the second substrate; and an adhesive layer for adhering the first substrate and the second substrate so that the first information surface and the second information surface face each other, wherein the thickness of the first substrate is at least 0.

Abstract: A high-density readable only optical disk with a large storage capacity includes a substrate with pits, and one or more mask layers with a super resolution near field structure, which are made of a mixture of a dielectric material and metal particles. The optical disk can be obtained without decreasing the wavelength of a laser diode or increasing the numerical aperture of an objective lens.

Abstract: An optical disk for recording or/and reproducing information by using a laser beam includes a substrate formed by an inorganic material having elastic modulus of 2400 MPa or more, or a mixture of inorganic and plastic materials; a reflective layer formed on the substrate; a cover layer formed on the reflective layer; and a protective layer formed on the cover layer, wherein, the laser beam for recording or/and reproducing the information is incident on the protective layer and the cover layer.

Abstract: An anti-reflection coating layer is formed on the surface portion of a recording medium. This enables to obtain a margin for the air gap thickness change when recording/reproducing an information signal using the “near-field technique” as well as minimize a data loss caused by a collision. Furthermore, the present invention provides a film configuration which can easily be produced.

Abstract: A perpendicular magnetic recording medium has a nonmagnetic substrate having concave portions and a soft magnetic layer on the nonmagnetic substrate. The depth of the concave portion and the thickness of the soft magnetic layer are larger than at least the length and the width of the concave portion such that the easy axis of magnetization in the regions of the soft magnetic layer in the concave portions is oriented perpendicular to the soft magnetic layer due to shape magnetic anisotropy. The easy axis of magnetization oriented perpendicular to the soft magnetic layer facilitates signal generation. The recording medium does not use the magnetization of the magnetic recording layer for such signal generation, which can be head positioning signals or other signals, such as copyright data. Instead, it uses the magnetization in the concave regions of the soft magnetic layer for such signal generation.

Abstract: An optical recording medium includes a recording layer in which a record mark can be formed by projecting a laser beam thereonto, a first dielectric layer disposed on the side of a light incidence plane with respect to the recording layer, a second dielectric layer disposed on the opposite side to the light incidence plane with respect to the recording layer, a heat radiation layer disposed on the side of the light incidence plane with respect to the first dielectric layer and a reflective layer disposed on the opposite side to the light incidence plane with respect to the second dielectric layer, the recording layer containing a phase change material represented by a general formula: (SbxTe+x)+y My wherein M is an element other than Sb and Te, the first dielectric layer containing a mixture of ZnS and SiO2, the reflective layer containing Ag or alloy containing 90 atomic % or more of Ag, and the heat radiation layer containing 90 atomic % or more of aluminum nitride.

Abstract: The optical data storage medium (20) has a substrate (1) with a surface area having tracks (4) of marks representing stored information. The information is readable by means of a scanning radiation beam (10). A reflective layer (2) is present, reflecting the radiation beam (10). The medium has a radiation beam (10) reflection larger than 50%. The reflective layer (2) comprises a compound of the formula Al100-y,Xy, in which formula Al is aluminum and X is an element selected from the group of Ge and Si. The letter y is the atomic fraction of X in at. %. The value of y is in the range 5<y<35. The reflective layer (2) has a radiation beam absorption, which enables controlled ablative recording or solid-phase change recording of an identification mark (6, 6′).

Abstract: An initialization method of an optical recording medium having a plurality of optical recording layers capable of reducing uneven initialization due to light interference caused at the time of initialization without deterioration of information recording/reproducing signal characteristics of the recording layers is provided.

Abstract: A reconfigurable and stationary element for the engineering of the wavefront of electromagnetic radiation. The element includes a phase change material that may be reversibly transformed between its crystalline and amorphous states. By forming a gradient in crystallinity, a phase taper may be stored in the phase change material of the instant element. The phase taper provides control of the phase angle of reflected or reradiated electromagnetic radiation. An incident wavefront of electromagnetic radiation interacts with the instant element and is reradiated with controlled propagation characteristics imposed by the stored phase taper. The instant element may provide non-specular reflection, beam steering, focusing, defocusing, symmetrical and asymmetrical cross section effects, and wavefront correction. In a preferred embodiment, a pattern of amorphous marks is formed within a crystalline matrix of phase change material.

Abstract: A multilayer phase change information recording medium including plural information layers containing at least a first information layer and a last information layer, each of which includes a recording layer in which information is recorded utilizing a phase change between a crystalline phase and an amorphous phase. At least one of the plural information layers other than the last information layer includes a first lower protective layer, a first recording layer located overlying the lower protective layer, a first upper protective layer located overlying the first recording layer, a first reflective layer located overlying the first upper protective layer, and a heat diffusion layer located overlying the first reflective layer and which mainly contains In, Zn and O.

Abstract: An optical information recording medium containing a substrate having provided thereon a recording layer capable of recording information by laser beam irradiation, wherein the recording layer contains a dye represented by the following general formula (I): 1

Abstract: An optical information recording medium, especially a CD-RW medium, that can undergo direct overwriting at high speed is disclosed. The optical information recording medium includes a transparent substrate, at least a recording layer and a reflective layer on or above the substrate and is capable of performing at least one of recording, erasing and rewriting information by irradiating and scanning with focused light to thereby form and/or erase recording marks on the recording layer.

Abstract: An information recording medium showing a high light-resistance has a recording layer containing a dye compound having the following formula (I-1) or (I-2): 1

Abstract: An information recording medium of the present invention includes a first substrate, a second substrate disposed so as to be opposed to the first substrate, a first information layer disposed between the first substrate and the second substrate, a second information layer disposed between the first information layer and the second substrate, and an intermediate layer disposed between the first information layer and the second information layer. The first information layer includes a first recording layer that is transformed in phase reversibly between a crystal phase and an amorphous phase with a laser beam, and the second information layer includes a second recording layer that is transformed in phase reversibly between a crystal phase and an amorphous phase. The first recording layer contains, Ge, Sn, Sb, and Te, and has a thickness of 9 nm or less.

Abstract: A method and system for providing copy-protected optical medium using transient optical state change security materials capable of changing optical state when exposed to a wavelength of about 630 nm to about 660 nm and software code to detect such change in optical state.

Abstract: The present invention provides an optical information recording medium including a substrate having successively disposed thereon a light-reflective layer, a recording layer and a cover layer, wherein information can be recorded on and reproduced from the recording layer by irradiating a laser beam from a side at which the cover layer is disposed, and a surface of the light-reflective layer at a side at which the recording layer is disposed has a central surface average roughness SRa of 30 nm or smaller and a number of projections having a height from a reference plane of 50 nm or greater, as determined with an atomic force microscope (AFM), of 30 (number/90 &mgr;m angle) or less.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an optical recording medium having a plurality of recording layers having different uses. The optical recording medium includes a first light transmitting layer (32); a layer (31) composed of an organic dye for recording and reading data by an optical beam of a first wavelength incident through the first light transmitting layer (32) and transmitting an optical beam of a second wavelength incident through the first light transmitting layer (32); a second light transmitting layer (34) for transmitting the optical beam of the second wavelength incident through the layer (31) composed of the organic dye; and a reflecting layer (331) for reflecting the optical beam of the second wavelength incident through the second light transmitting layer (34).

Abstract: The optical recording medium has a substrate (1) with a recording layer (2), a reflecting layer (3) and a protecting layer (4) laminated successively on the substrate (1). The reflecting layer (3) is a thin film of an alloy containing 99.7 to 73.0% by weight of Cu as a major component, as well as, 0.2 to 18.0% by weight of Ag and 0.1 to 9.0% by weight of Ti. The reflecting layer has a film thickness of 50 nm to 150 nm. The optical recording medium provided with the reflecting layer (3) shows improved corrosion resistance and also retains high reflectance. The present invention also provides a target for forming the reflecting layer (3).