Plural Storage Medium Elements Patents (Class 369/34.01)
  • Patent number: 12080324
    Abstract: Techniques for generating action recommendations for a data tape system are disclosed. A data tape system generates action recommendations for a data tape based on library-based metadata messages as well as a measured data quality value of the data tape. The system initiates an operation resulting in the data tape interacting with a media drive. A data tape library controller generates one or more metadata messages based on a result of a requested operation. The metadata message may include information regarding the type of error and a default recommended course of action. The system generates the recommended action for the data tape using a trained machine learning model.
    Type: Grant
    Filed: June 15, 2022
    Date of Patent: September 3, 2024
    Assignee: Oracle International Corporation
    Inventors: Jitesh Bakul Jhatakia, Robert Olin Wyman, Frank Patrick Abbott, Jr., Carl William Luehr, Cathleen Susan Wharton, John Mitchell Black, III, Anthony Joseph Braun, Scott Adrian Ellett, George Edward Noble
  • Patent number: 11798668
    Abstract: Systems and methods are disclosed for a numeric waiting bin for prescription fulfillment. A computing system may be used to receive bin configuration values corresponding to a plurality of physical bins for prescription storage. The bin configuration values may be used to assign serial identifiers to the plurality of bins. Prescriptions may be selectively assigned a bin serial identifier using a plurality of rules and the bin serial number may be used to locate the prescription when the prescription is requested, such as during pickup.
    Type: Grant
    Filed: September 30, 2019
    Date of Patent: October 24, 2023
    Assignee: CVS Pharmacy, Inc.
    Inventors: Nathaniel D. Gilman, Christopher J. Goody, Kyle J. McGrath, Jeffrey Swindling, Jared P. Tancrelle, Li Mei Zhang
  • Patent number: 11467906
    Abstract: An apparatus comprises a storage system comprising at least one processing device and a plurality of storage devices. The at least one processing device is configured to obtain a given input-output operation from a host device and to determine that the given input-output operation comprises an indicator having a particular value. The particular value indicates that the given input-output operation is a repeat of a prior input-output operation. The at least one processing device is further configured to rebuild at least one resource of the storage system that is designated for servicing the given input-output operation based at least in part on the determination that the given input-output operation comprises the indicator having the particular value.
    Type: Grant
    Filed: August 2, 2019
    Date of Patent: October 11, 2022
    Assignee: EMC IP Holding Company LLC
    Inventors: Ramesh Doddaiah, Bernard A. Mulligan, III
  • Patent number: 11321595
    Abstract: A media processing apparatus includes a medium drive, a label printer, and a medium-processing-apparatus control section. When the medium-processing-apparatus control section receives a first photographic data file, the medium-processing-apparatus control section causes the medium drive to write the first photographic data file to a medium. After the medium-processing-apparatus control section has received the first photographic data file, the medium-processing-apparatus control section receives a second photographic data file and causes the medium drive to write the second photographic data file to the medium. When the medium-processing-apparatus control section receives a medium close command from a control apparatus, the medium-processing-apparatus control section terminates write processing by the medium drive in response to the received medium close command, and causes the label printer to perform printing.
    Type: Grant
    Filed: November 23, 2020
    Date of Patent: May 3, 2022
    Assignee: Seiko Epson Corporation
    Inventors: Hidetoshi Maeshima, Sadaaki Horiuchi
  • Patent number: 11194476
    Abstract: A computer-implemented method according to one embodiment includes receiving and storing historical data for historical data jobs performed within a data storage system; determining an optimal maintenance time for the data storage system, utilizing the stored historical data; determining a timing in which storage devices within the data storage system are taken offline, utilizing the optimal maintenance time and the stored historical data; and preparing the data storage system for one or more maintenance operations, utilizing the determined timing.
    Type: Grant
    Filed: September 3, 2019
    Date of Patent: December 7, 2021
    Assignee: International Business Machines Corporation
    Inventors: Stefan Neff, Frank Krick, Erik Rueger
  • Patent number: 11112978
    Abstract: The described technology is generally directed towards obtaining data, such as corresponding to a read request, from a geographic zone which may not be the zone that owns the data. When a request for data (e.g., a data segment) is received by a zone that does not own the requested data, the zone evaluates statistical data to determine whether it is more efficient to obtain the requested data directly from the zone that owns the data, or indirectly from one or more zones that contain related data from which the requested data can be reconstructed. If the indirect route is deemed sufficiently more efficient, the reconstruction data (e.g., counterpart segments) are obtained, and processed into the requested data, e.g., by XOR-ing the counterpart data segments into the requested data segment for returning to the client.
    Type: Grant
    Filed: February 4, 2020
    Date of Patent: September 7, 2021
    Assignee: EMC IP HOLDING COMPANY LLC
    Inventors: Mikhail Danilov, Yohannes Altaye
  • Patent number: 9990133
    Abstract: A system and method for managing data contained by a storage library includes at least one storage library and a library controller configured to generate signals that control operations of the storage library. The system further includes at least one client interface operable with the library controller and being adapted to receive requests from multiple client types and communicate those requests to the library controller. Additionally, the library controller generates signals for the storage library and the storage library performs operations that correspond to the requests from the multiple client types.
    Type: Grant
    Filed: October 31, 2011
    Date of Patent: June 5, 2018
    Assignee: Oracle America, Inc.
    Inventor: Robert L. Billington
  • Patent number: 9928009
    Abstract: An enclosure-based tape drive server, comprises an enclosure, a controller, a memory linked to the controller, a plurality of at least eight tape drives, a host bus adapter and a network controller. The controller is positioned within the enclosure. The at least eight tape drives are positioned within the enclosure, and each of the tape drives is accessible from a front side of the enclosure. The host bus adapter couples the plurality of tape drives to the controller. The network controller is connectible to a network to couple the server to the network.
    Type: Grant
    Filed: September 29, 2015
    Date of Patent: March 27, 2018
    Assignee: Amazon Technologies, Inc.
    Inventors: Darin Lee Frink, Paul David Franklin, James Caleb Kirschner
  • Patent number: 9718280
    Abstract: A library system includes a plurality of drive modules for reading and writing storage media, typically magnetic tapes. The library system includes: (i) a picker for loading and unloading cartridges into, and out of, the drive modules; and/or (ii) a label printing drive integrated into the library system. The label printing drive receives a cartridge in the same way any of the drive modules receives a cartridge. The picker loads the cartridge in an identical way as the other drive modules and the label printing drive.
    Type: Grant
    Filed: August 8, 2016
    Date of Patent: August 1, 2017
    Assignee: International Business Machines Corporation
    Inventors: Bernd Beicht, Marcus Breuer, Frank Krick, Thorsten Muehge, Erik Rueger
  • Patent number: 8675303
    Abstract: A method is provided to handle portable cassettes removeably disposed in a data storage library, wherein the method supplies a data storage library comprising a plurality of storage slots, and a plurality of portable cassettes removeably disposed a designated storage slot in a first alignment order, and a pass-through accessor comprising a moveable fixturing apparatus to store portable cassettes, wherein the pass-through accessor is moveably disposed in the data storage library. The method positions the pass-through accessor adjacent an open end of a designated storage slot, and sequentially removes and attaches to the fixturing apparatus a plurality of portable cassettes from the designated storage slot. The method then transports the plurality of portable cassettes to a designated location within the data storage library.
    Type: Grant
    Filed: August 20, 2012
    Date of Patent: March 18, 2014
    Assignee: International Business Machines Corporation
    Inventors: Matthew C. Compton, Louis D. Echevarria, Stefan Lehmann, Richard A. Welp
  • Patent number: 8531924
    Abstract: Provided is a system and method for a organizing a robotic storage system. The robotic storage system includes a plurality of storage locations of varying priority and varying distance to a data read/write device. The robot storage system further includes a plurality of portable data storage elements each having at least three fields, a load field, a read/write field and a user determined field. A temporary storage location within the robotic storage system for each data storage element is determined at least in part by evaluating the data storage element's load field, read/write field and user determined fields to determine a heat value and correlating the heat value to the storage locations. An associated method of use is also disclosed.
    Type: Grant
    Filed: October 26, 2011
    Date of Patent: September 10, 2013
    Assignee: Spectra Logic Corporation
    Inventors: Nathan Christopher Thompson, Matthew Thomas Starr, Robert Edward Weber
  • Patent number: 8406096
    Abstract: A method for monitoring and predicting health of tape drives and media in a tape library. The method includes receiving exchange data associated with an exchange in the tape library. Then the method includes, with an analytics module, processing the exchange data to determine gain types for the exchange. Based on the gain type, a health gain value is assigned to a tape drive and media and current suspicion level values are independently assigned to the tape drive and the media. The method includes assigning a first health indicator to the media and a second health indicator to the tape drive based on these two suspicion level values. In some embodiments of the method, the current suspicion level value calculating step includes summing the health gain value with a number of health gain values assigned to the tape drive and the media for up to a predefined number of monitored exchanges.
    Type: Grant
    Filed: January 31, 2012
    Date of Patent: March 26, 2013
    Assignee: Oracle International Corporation
    Inventors: Dwayne Edling, Robert Wyman, Chad Alber
  • Patent number: 8321050
    Abstract: An assembly for selectively presenting objects includes: a frame; a carousel rotatably mounted to the frame for rotation about a generally vertical axis of rotation, the carousel including a plurality of object compartments arranged about the axis of rotation; a servomotor operably connected with the carousel, the servomotor being configured to rotate the carousel about the axis of rotation; and a controller. The controller is configured to actuate the servomotor to rotate the carousel when torque applied to the servomotor exceeds a predetermined magnitude. Such an assembly can serve as a presentation device that enables an operator to remove objects therefrom at his/her convenience.
    Type: Grant
    Filed: June 28, 2012
    Date of Patent: November 27, 2012
    Inventors: James Robert Rivenbark, Jr., William Bradford Carpenter
  • Patent number: 8295005
    Abstract: A method is provided to handle portable cassettes removeably disposed in a data storage library, wherein the method supplies a data storage library comprising a plurality of storage slots, and a plurality of portable cassettes removeably disposed a designated storage slot in a first alignment order, and a pass-through accessor comprising a moveable fixturing apparatus to store portable cassettes, wherein the pass-through accessor is moveably disposed in the data storage library. The method positions the pass-through accessor adjacent an open end of a designated storage slot, and sequentially removes and attaches to the fixturing apparatus a plurality of portable cassettes from the designated storage slot. The method then transports the plurality of portable cassettes to a designated location within the data storage library.
    Type: Grant
    Filed: August 17, 2009
    Date of Patent: October 23, 2012
    Assignee: International Business Machines Corporation
    Inventors: Matthew Charles Compton, Louis Daniel Echevarria, Stefan Lehmann, Richard Albert Welp
  • Patent number: 8244398
    Abstract: An assembly for selectively presenting objects includes: a frame; a carousel rotatably mounted to the frame for rotation about a generally vertical axis of rotation, the carousel including a plurality of object compartments arranged about the axis of rotation; a servomotor operably connected with the carousel, the servomotor being configured to rotate the carousel about the axis of rotation; and a controller. The controller is configured to actuate the servomotor to rotate the carousel when torque applied to the servomotor exceeds a predetermined magnitude. Such an assembly can serve as a presentation device that enables an operator to remove objects therefrom at his/her convenience.
    Type: Grant
    Filed: April 8, 2009
    Date of Patent: August 14, 2012
    Assignee: Parata Systems, LLC
    Inventors: James Robert Rivenbark, Jr., William Bradford Carpenter
  • Patent number: 8233231
    Abstract: A method for verifying a tape cartridge is presented. One method includes introducing a tape cartridge into a tape library wherein when introduced, the tape cartridge can then be loaded in a tape drive in an attempt to bring the tape cartridge to a functionally ready state with the tape drive. In loading the tape cartridge in the tape drive, the loading performance of the first tape cartridge can be assessed based on bringing the first tape cartridge to a functionally ready state. A record of the performance information can then be stored on a central data base and/or on a medium auxiliary memory device located in the tape cartridge.
    Type: Grant
    Filed: April 15, 2010
    Date of Patent: July 31, 2012
    Assignee: Spectra Logic Corp.
    Inventors: Nathan Christopher Thompson, Matthew Thomas Starr, Michael Jerard Goberis
  • Patent number: 8181191
    Abstract: A media processing device does not execute a media transportation process if the height of media stacked in a media storage unit is at an over capacity level, and reliably prevents problems such as damage to the media transportation mechanism caused by collision with the stacked media. If in the media processing device the height of media stacked in a media storage unit 121, 122 is at a full stack level or over capacity level (step S33 returns yes or step S35 returns yes), an appropriate warning is output (step S34 or step S36) and collision accidents of the media transportation mechanism 131 can be prevented.
    Type: Grant
    Filed: September 18, 2008
    Date of Patent: May 15, 2012
    Assignee: Sieko Epson Corporation
    Inventor: Kazuya Toshima
  • Patent number: 8149671
    Abstract: An optical disc drive according to the present invention can read and/or write data from/on an optical disc with information layers including first and second information layers (L0 and L1). The drive includes: an objective lens for converging a light beam; a lens actuator for driving the lens; a photodetector section that receives the beam reflected from the disc and converts it into an electrical signal; and a control section for determining the values of a first group of parameters, which are set to read data from the first layer (L0), and those of a second group of parameters, which are set to read data from the second layer (L1), during a disc loading process.
    Type: Grant
    Filed: November 22, 2006
    Date of Patent: April 3, 2012
    Assignee: Panasonic Corporation
    Inventors: Takahiro Sato, Takeshi Shimamoto, Katsuya Watanabe
  • Patent number: 7941597
    Abstract: Embodiments of the present invention provide a media library controller that can communicate with multiple physical libraries that are physically separate from each other. The media library controller can maintain a virtualized aggregate media library representing the physical media libraries with which it is in communication. From the physical media libraries, the media library controller can establish a virtual media library and associate a host with the virtual media library. The virtual media library can represent the portions of a physical media library to which the host is allowed access.
    Type: Grant
    Filed: June 7, 2010
    Date of Patent: May 10, 2011
    Assignee: Crossroads Systems, Inc.
    Inventors: William H. Moody, II, Robert Sims
  • Patent number: 7752384
    Abstract: Embodiments of the present invention provide a media library controller that can communicate with multiple physical libraries that are physically separate from each other. The media library controller can maintain a virtualized aggregate media library representing the physical media libraries with which it is in communication. From the physical media libraries, the media library controller can establish a virtual media library and associate a host with the virtual media library. The virtual media library can represent the portions of a physical media library to which the host is allowed access.
    Type: Grant
    Filed: November 7, 2003
    Date of Patent: July 6, 2010
    Assignee: Crossroads Systems, Inc.
    Inventors: William H. Moody, II, Robert Sims
  • Patent number: 7565486
    Abstract: A method and apparatus for handling multi-volume datasets in a tape storage system are disclosed. In response to a write request for a multi-volume dataset, the information of the multi-volume dataset are captured by intercepting and deciphering a set of volume mount commands. Otherwise, the information of the multi-volume dataset are captured by snooping header information from a previous volume listed in a header of the multi-volume dataset. A chain of logical volume names that belongs to the multi-volume dataset is then built. Finally, the chain of logical volume names is then stored in a chain database.
    Type: Grant
    Filed: September 26, 2005
    Date of Patent: July 21, 2009
    Assignee: International Business Machines Corporation
    Inventors: Erika M. Dawson, Gregory T. Kishi, Jonathan W. Peake
  • Publication number: 20090073820
    Abstract: An automated data library system employing a plurality of cartridges, one or more cartridge storage slots and an inventory controller. Each cartridge includes a cartridge memory. The cartridge storage slot(s) is(are) physically configured to store the cartridges. The inventory controller is operable to generate an inventory of the cartridges as stored within the cartridge storage slot(s). A generation by the inventory controller of the inventory of the cartridges as stored within the cartridge storage slot(s) involves the inventory controller simultaneously accessing cartridge identification information on two or more cartridge memories, and generating the inventory including two or more cartridges corresponding to the cartridge identification information.
    Type: Application
    Filed: November 21, 2008
    Publication date: March 19, 2009
    Applicant: INTERNATIONAL BUSINESS MACHINES CORPORATION
    Inventors: Michael P. McIntosh, Shawn M. Nave
  • Publication number: 20090073821
    Abstract: A media processing device does not execute a media transportation process if the height of media stacked in a media storage unit is at an over capacity level, and reliably prevents problems such as damage to the media transportation mechanism caused by collision with the stacked media. If in the media processing device the height of media stacked in a media storage unit 121, 122 is at a full stack level or over capacity level (step S33 returns yes or step S35 returns yes), an appropriate warning is output (step S34 or step S36) and collision accidents of the media transportation mechanism 131 can be prevented.
    Type: Application
    Filed: September 18, 2008
    Publication date: March 19, 2009
    Applicant: Seiko Epson Corporation
    Inventor: Kazuya Toshima
  • Publication number: 20080137489
    Abstract: A storage apparatus includes a plurality of carriages that are arranged in a matrix and store and transport objects. The plurality of carriages includes a first carriage that stores and transports the object, a second carriage that stores and transports the object, a third carriage that stores and transports the object, and a shifting unit that shifts the third carriage to a position different from matrix positions of the first and the second carriages, and shifts the second carriage to a position of the third carriage when the first carriage shifts to a position of the second carriage.
    Type: Application
    Filed: December 4, 2007
    Publication date: June 12, 2008
    Inventor: Takahiro Ichimura
  • Publication number: 20080025160
    Abstract: At least one exemplary embodiment is directed to a data recording apparatus including: a first recording control unit configured to control recording of data on a first recording medium connected to the data recording apparatus; and a second recording control unit configured to control recording of data on a second recording medium connected to the data recording apparatus. In the data recording apparatus, the first recording control unit inhibits writing of data in a free space of a predetermined size included in the first recording medium when it is detected that the second recording medium is connected to the data recording apparatus, and permits writing of data in the free space when data cannot be recorded on the second recording medium.
    Type: Application
    Filed: July 20, 2007
    Publication date: January 31, 2008
    Applicant: CANON KABUSHIKI KAISHA
    Inventor: Shunji Fujita
  • Patent number: 6925034
    Abstract: Apparatus for controlling the position of a plunge mechanism which is mounted to a cartridge engaging assembly is disclosed herein. The apparatus may be embodied in a cartridge engaging assembly having a plunge mechanism that is moveable between a retracted position and an extended position. The plunge mechanism is provided with a reference mark that moves with the plunge mechanism. A detector is mounted to the cartridge engaging assembly, wherein the detector senses an image of the reference mark and produces an output signal related thereto. A control system is operatively associated with the detector and is responsive to the output signal produced thereby. The control system is also operatively associated with the plunge mechanism so that it regulates the position of the plunge mechanism based on the output signal.
    Type: Grant
    Filed: August 12, 2003
    Date of Patent: August 2, 2005
    Inventors: Paul C Coffin, Richard Lynn Gardner, Jr.
  • Patent number: 6766412
    Abstract: A digital data storage unit, such as tape library, has a multiplicity of storage media slots, each storage media slot for receiving a storage media unit, a plurality of storage media units loaded in particular ones of the storage media slots, a plurality of data transfer devices for writing data to and reading data from the storage media units, a plurality of data transfer device interfaces corresponding to the plurality of the data transfer devices, each data transfer device interface configured for transferring data between a corresponding data transfer device and a host computing environment, a loader mechanism for selectively moving a storage media unit between a storage media slot and one of the plurality of data storage drives, and a storage unit controller connected to the loader mechanism and to the data transfer device interfaces, wherein the storage unit controller is configured for connection to the host computing environment to receive and decode one or more host commands sent by the host computin
    Type: Grant
    Filed: March 31, 2001
    Date of Patent: July 20, 2004
    Assignee: Quantum Corporation
    Inventor: Thomas Bolt
  • Patent number: 6722564
    Abstract: An automated media library gathers information about each readable cartridge label using a camera. From the label information, the orientation of the cartridge may be determined. For each cartridge with an unreadable label or no label, the media library attempts a get/put operation. If the get/put operation fails, the cartridge is marked as incorrectly oriented. Alternatively, the tape library may attempt a get/put operation on all removable media cartridges. A similar process is performed when a cartridge access port is closed and the cartridge access port is marked inaccessible to the host when an incorrectly oriented cartridge is detected.
    Type: Grant
    Filed: December 6, 2001
    Date of Patent: April 20, 2004
    Assignee: Storage Technology Corporation
    Inventors: Robert S. Creager, James Ries, Terry Lane
  • Patent number: 6568770
    Abstract: A climatic cabinet with at least one door, having a storage station with at least one object storage device, which exhibits several storage locations arranged one on top of the other, and having a transport device for feeding objects to the object storage locations, wherein the transport device has an object receiver, wherein the object receiver is secured to a vertical carriage in such a way that it can be moved vertically and horizontally, and wherein the storage station and transport device are arranged on mounting plates. The functionality of the climatic cabinet and its functionality are achieved through improvements in the transport device.
    Type: Grant
    Filed: May 18, 2001
    Date of Patent: May 27, 2003
    Assignee: Kendro Laboratory Products GmbH
    Inventors: Gernot Gonska, Thorsten Dick, Heiko Reinhardt
  • Publication number: 20030016596
    Abstract: A redundant array includes a plurality of disks, a bus coupling the disks, a receiving device, and a device to reconstruct a block stored in one of the disks. The device reconstructs the block with associated data and parity blocks from other disks. The device transmits the reconstructed block to the receiving device in response to the one of the disks being unavailable or degraded.
    Type: Application
    Filed: July 17, 2001
    Publication date: January 23, 2003
    Inventors: Kenneth F. Chiquoine, Bruce Mann, Michael D. Raspuzzi, Philip J. Trasatti
  • Patent number: 6510110
    Abstract: A disk-type recording medium is carried by a disk carrying section and accommodated into one of layered accommodation shelves of a disk accommodation section. A memory stores position information of the disk carrying section with respect to the accommodation shelves. A controller controls the disk carrying section in accordance with the stored position information to move to a position corresponding to each accommodation shelf. A stopping state detection section includes a light emitting element and a light receiving element provided on the disk carrying section adjacent the disk accommodation section and detects a stopping state of the disk carrying section with respect to each accommodation shelf based on a received light amount of the light receiving element depending upon a state of a light intercepting disk which is transferred between the disk carrying section and the accommodation shelf.
    Type: Grant
    Filed: January 12, 2001
    Date of Patent: January 21, 2003
    Assignee: Sony Corporation
    Inventors: Taro Watanabe, Yuji Uchiyama, Masatsugu Iribe
  • Patent number: 6498771
    Abstract: Data storage units (1) for storing a plurality of individual data storage media (12), the units comprising at least one removable magazine (9, 10) in which the individual data storage media (12) can be stored within the units (1), the magazines (9, 10) being removable from the front of the units (1). At least one drive (5, 6) which reads data from or writes data to individual data storage media (12) is positioned relative to the magazine(s) (9, 10) so that the storage media (12) are fed therein and removed therefrom in a direction substantially perpendicular to the direction in which the media are removed from the magazine(s) (5, 6). A selector (20) facilitates the selective removal of media (12) from the magazines (9, 10) in which they are stored, and feeds them into the drive (5, 6), and vice versa.
    Type: Grant
    Filed: June 6, 2000
    Date of Patent: December 24, 2002
    Inventors: Leslie Graham Boyce, Charles William Donkin, Duke Rollo Ebenezer, Edward Farr, Brian Kenneth Hext
  • Patent number: 6430121
    Abstract: While a certain information-recorded medium is reproduced by a reproduction processing means of a reproduction apparatus, when the information-recorded medium is designated again within a prescribed time by a user through an operating means, the control means controls the reproduction processing means so that the pertinent information-recorded medium can be reproduced on the basis of the reproduction information stored in a storage means. In addition, when the pertinent information-recorded medium is designated again, the control means makes control of externally indicating whether or not the pertinent information-recorded medium should be reproduced on the basis of the reproduction information stored in the storage means.
    Type: Grant
    Filed: April 14, 2000
    Date of Patent: August 6, 2002
    Assignee: Pioneer Corporation
    Inventors: Yoshiki Shiraishi, Tatsuya Yanagisawa, Tadateru Honda, Morio Araki, Mitsuo Shoji
  • Patent number: 6404708
    Abstract: An optical data-storage medium comprises a base structure adapted to supply a peripheral surface with a medium adhered thereon, forming a data surface responsive to a light beam for providing optical signals corresponding to a plurality of data, wherein the plurality of data are arranged in a three dimensional pattern, most preferably, a plurality of helixes suitable for application of parallel processing of information. For this purpose, an optical data-storage apparatus is designed from a single platform to accommodate the optical data-storage medium rotatable therein about an axial line at a steady and constant speed, and to allow a plurality of optical heads each capable of providing a light beam jointly movable in a direction generally parallel to the axial line so as to simultaneously process a plurality of data bits at a time, i.e., in parallel.
    Type: Grant
    Filed: September 30, 1998
    Date of Patent: June 11, 2002
    Inventor: Howard Hong-Dough Lee