Abstract: A communications device is capable of adjusting power consumed thereby and includes a receiver and a control circuit. The receiver includes an analog-to-digital converter and a decoding circuit. The analog-to-digital converter receives receive-data from another communications device, converts the receive-data into a digital signal, and provides the digital signal to the decoding circuit for decoding. Based on the digital signal, the control circuit obtains a signaling index that indicates a communications quality of the receiver. The control circuit determines an operating state of the analog-to-digital converter and the decoding circuit in accordance with the signaling index and a receiving index. When the signaling index conforms with a reference range, the control circuit reduces a reference signal so as to reduce linearity of the analog-to-digital converter in accordance with the receiving index, and reduces a decoding capability of the decoding circuit in accordance with the receiving index.

Abstract: A system for adjusting transmission power levels of transceivers in order to reduce crosstalk utilizes a transmitter and logic. The transmitter is configured to transmit signals to a customer transceiver over a first communication connection that is bound within a binder. The logic is configured to estimate a distance of a data path between the transmitter and the customer transceiver based on at least one signal communicated over the data path. The logic is further configured to adjust a transmission power level of the transmitter based on the estimated distance such that signals transmitted by the transmitter to the customer transceiver are spectrally compatible with signals transmitted from another transceiver over a second communication connection that is bound within the binder.

Abstract: A migration framework provides for the migration of services in a cluster. A migratable target contains a list of servers in the cluster capable of hosting a migratable service. A migration manager can migrate the service between servers in the migratable target, and can activate an instance of the service on the selected host server. The migration manager ensures that only one active instance of the service exists in the cluster. A service stub can serve a user request on servers in the migration target, such as by order of preference, until the user request is served on the server hosting the active instance. A lease manager can assign a lease period to determine how long a server hosts an active instance.

Abstract: Aspects of a method and system for Ethernet Switching, Conversion, and PHY optimization based on link length in Audio/Video Systems are provided. In this regard, the length of a link over which a first communication device communicates with a second communication device may be determined and Ethernet PHY's residing in the communication devices may be configured based on the determination. One or both of the communication devices may comprise an Ethernet switch operable to switch packetized audio and/or video content. The packetized audio and/or video may be switched between the configured Ethernet PHY and one or more other Ethernet PHYs. Audio and/or video data may be received via the one or more corresponding Ethernet PHYs, the received audio and/or video data may be reformatted to be compatible with an audio and/or video interface, and the reformatted audio and/or video data may be transmitted via the audio and/or video interface.

Abstract: A transmitter circuit for transmitting parallel data, suitable for compensating for influence of crosstalk noise in a pre-emphasis scheme. The transmitter circuit includes first through Nth transmission lines configured to respectively transmit first through Nth data (N is 2 or greater); first through Nth output driving circuit sections configured to output the first through Nth data transmitted through the first through Nth transmission lines; first through Nth pre-emphasis circuit sections configured to generate first through Nth pre-emphasis signals for controlling transition output levels of the first through Nth data depending upon signal modes of adjoining data among the first through Nth data; and first through Nth adders configured to generate first through Nth data output signals that are controlled in transition output levels using output signals of the first through Nth output driving circuit sections and the first through Nth pre-emphasis signals.

Abstract: A digital signal waveform receiving circuit may be processed by a non-linear adaptive canonical correlation analysis circuit that may quantify and minimize crosstalk-induced jitter timing skew for improving set-up and hold timing margins of data streams on the receiving circuit. A non-linear adaptive canonical correlation analysis circuit may be placed between an incoming digital signal from a serial link and a PHY receiving layer of an information handling system 100. The PHY receiving layer of the information handling system may be coupled to the non-linear adaptive canonical correlation analysis circuit or may be coupled to the digital signal. This coupling selection may be automatically programmed depending on received signal cross-talk-induced jitter timing skew or may be programmed by a user of the information handling system.

Abstract: A radar, or other repetitive interference, detection and data flow control system and method for RF data transmissions uses an RF detector and an omni directional antenna to detect radar or similar signals. The information from the RF detector is communicated to a hub data transmission unit which processes the data about the signal provided by the detector. This information is used by the hub to schedule communications between the hub and subscriber units so that none of the communications between the hub and subscriber fall within the time period of the interfering pulses. Although there are no communications during the time periods of the pulses, the efficiency of communications is improved because collisions and retransmission of data are avoided.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a communication system for improved crosstalk estimation and method thereof. The communication system may include a vectoring group and a central office. The vectoring group includes a plurality of first communication lines and at least one second communication line. The plurality of first communication lines is a different type of communication line from the at least one second communication line. The central office is configured to assign the pilot sequences to each communication line within the plurality of first communication lines according to a first constraint. The central office is also configured to delay sending a sync flag in response to a request until a flag sequence of the at least one second communication line satisfies a second constraint. The assigned pilot sequences and sent flag sequences are orthogonal to each other based on the first and second constraints.

Abstract: Signals propagating in one communication channel can generate crosstalk interference in another communication channel. A crosstalk cancellation device can process the signals causing the crosstalk interference and generate a crosstalk cancellation signal that can compensate for the crosstalk when applied to the channel receiving crosstalk interference. The crosstalk cancellation device can include a model of the crosstalk effect that generates a signal emulating the actual crosstalk both in form an in timing. The crosstalk cancellation device can include a controller that monitors crosstalk-compensated communication signals and adjusts the model to enhance crosstalk cancellation performance. The crosstalk cancellation device can have a mode of self configuration or calibration in which defined test signals can be transmitted on the crosstalk-generating channel and the crosstalk-receiving channel.

Abstract: A transceiver and an echo cancellation method are disclosed. The echo cancellation method includes producing an echo cancellation signal according to a transmission signal; adjusting the amplitude, the delay time or a combination of the amplitude and the delay time of the echo cancellation signal according to an adjusting parameter; receiving an echo signal derived from the transmission signal and performing a subtraction operation on the echo signal by using the echo cancellation signal so as to obtain an echo residual; and producing the adjusting parameter according to the echo residual. The provided method can effectively reduce the interference caused by the echo signal.

Abstract: The invention relates to a device for improving the transmission properties of a bundle of electrical data lines, particularly of a bundle of copper twin wires, and to a system for transmitting data that is provided with a device of this type. Said device comprises at least one adaptive filter, which generates an output signal for correcting the signal transmitted on a first data line. At least one signal tapped by a second data line or an external signal is used as a reference signal for the adaptive filter, and the corrected signal transmitted on the first data line is used as an error signal for the adaptive filter. According to the invention, the device is situated in the transmission path whereby improving the transmission properties of the cable independent from the switched-on transmission units and employed transmission techniques, particularly in the event of high bit rate transmission.

Abstract: A method and system are disclosed for improving the performance of a multiline transmission system by using one or more split-pair receivers in a multiline communications system to identify crosstalk on a pair of transceivers coupled to the split pair receivers, wherein each split pair receiver receives a signal including the crosstalk from each transceiver and provides a corresponding signal vector to a post processing unit, and performing MIMO post-processing on signal vectors received at a receiver from each transceiver and each split-pair receiver while minimizing crosstalk on pairs of lines in the multiline communications system with a frequency equalizer.

Abstract: A Home Phoneline system operating within a Multiple Dwelling Unit includes a Home Phoneline Access Multiplexer (HPAN) that services a plurality of Home Phoneline networks, each including at least one Home Phoneline station. The HPAN synchronizes upstream and downstream transmissions to eliminate Near-Far cross-talk. According to a second operation of the present invention, the HPAN manages the transmission power of the HomePNA stations of the HomePNA networks to reduce Near-Near and Far-Far cross-talk. To optimize throughput across the whole building, station power levels are adjusted based on their location in terms of amounts of attenuation. A third method of operation according to the present invention includes adjusting the receiver sensitivity of the Home Phoneline stations according to detected or characterized levels of cross-talk within the MDU.

Abstract: A device and method of setting transmit power backoff of a transceiver within a network is disclosed. The method includes estimating a channel loss of a channel of the transceiver, obtaining channel loss information, the channel loss information including estimates of channel loss of other channels of the network, obtaining crosstalk information, the crosstalk information including estimates of crosstalk between the channel and other channels of the network, and setting the power backoff based on the channel loss of the channel, the channel information, and the crosstalk information.

Abstract: A DSL system includes a multiple loop segment where K loops are bonded to provide a multiple loop segment having up to (2K?1) communication channels on which transmissions are vectored. The segment may be a drop to a customer premises, an inter-pedestal link, or any other suitable part of a larger DSL system. Generally the bonded loops are relatively short, being 300 meters or less. Signal vectoring is used to increase the speed and data carrying capability of the channels. In some embodiments, an expanded frequency spectrum also can be used to increase the data carrying capability of one or more of the channels. An impedance matching circuit may be coupled to each end of the segment to provided efficient transmission of data across the segment. A controller may provide control signals used to operate the segment as a vectored system and, if desired, frequency bandwidth control signals. The controller may monitor and/or collect data and information from the DSL system to assist in generating control signals.

Abstract: The present invention relates to communications. More especially it relates to multiple access communications over channels of diverse channel characteristics, e.g. coherence time or rate of time variations. Particularly it relates to traffic distribution and channel allocation for efficient communications over such channels.

Abstract: A method includes maintaining temporally parallel DSL data communication sessions with DSL modems of a group via a set of lines. The method includes, in response to substantially stopping to receive DSL communications from one of the DSL modems via one of the lines, transmitting a substantially reduced average power to the one of the lines and monitoring the one of the lines to determine whether DSL communications have restarted being received from the one of the DSL modems. The method also includes resuming the maintaining of the temporally parallel DSL communication sessions in response to the monitoring determining that DSL communications have restarted being received from the one of the DSL modems.

Abstract: Establishing slot boundaries includes receiving a feedback signal reflecting feedback information describing a signal modified according to a diversity parameter adjustment. The feedback signal includes slots and bits. A slot boundary is established for each of the slots by: partitioning the bits into periods; comparing the bits of each period; and establishing the slot boundaries in accordance with the comparison.

Abstract: A VSB communication system comprises a VSB transmission system and a VSB reception system. The VSB transmission system multiplexes a coded MPEG data and a coded supplemental data having a null sequence inserted therein, with required multiplexing information included in a field synchronization signal or in a supplemental data according to a number of the supplemental data packets being transmitted. The VSB reception system detects the required multiplexing information from the field synchronization signal or the supplemental data and decodes the multiplexed data by using the null sequence and the detected multiplexing information, as well as demultiplexes the multiplexed data into the MPEG data and the supplemental data.

Abstract: Signals propagating in one communication channel can generate crosstalk interference in another communication channel. A crosstalk cancellation device can process the signals causing the crosstalk interference and generate a crosstalk cancellation signal that can compensate for the crosstalk when applied to the channel receiving crosstalk interference. The crosstalk cancellation device can include a model of the crosstalk effect that generates a signal emulating the actual crosstalk both in form an in timing. The crosstalk cancellation device can include a controller that monitors crosstalk-compensated communication signals and adjusts the model to enhance crosstalk cancellation performance. The crosstalk cancellation device can have a mode of self configuration or calibration in which defined test signals can be transmitted on the crosstalk-generating channel and the crosstalk-receiving channel.

Abstract: Low-power idle mode for network transceivers. In one aspect, a method for reducing power consumption of a transceiver connected to a communication network includes entering a low-power idle mode, and in this mode, repeatedly turning off a transmitter of the transceiver and turning on the transmitter according to a pattern, where the pattern has been customized based on characteristics of the receiver. Turning off the transmitter conserves power consumed by the transceiver.

Abstract: A system and method for reducing ICI in multicarrier systems is disclosed. The system uses a primary transmission path to transmit a first signal using the same techniques as conventional OFDM and a second transmission path to transmit a conjugate of the first signal. The differing transmission paths can be implemented on separate channels via a variety of multiplexing and/or diversity techniques.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for spectrum management in an xDSL system are disclosed. The method mainly include: determining a transmit PSD mask according to a crosstalk status of a line; performing IWF operation using the transmit PSD mask; and dynamically managing line spectrum according to the result of the IWF operation. Therefore, various embodiments of the present invention allow the DSLAM performance to approximate the OSM performance without the need for a center controller and with a rather simple algorithm in a severe crosstalk scenario. Moreover, the embodiments of the present invention may help to simply the design of DSLAM optimization system and achieve a proper balance between the DSLAM performance and the complexity.

Abstract: In a communication medium including a first set A of n communication channels and a second set U of m communication channels, a method for selecting sensor channels in A for quantifying crosstalk from U, including operating A in a receive-only mode (FIG. 2 Step of Initialize Modem pool A. Work in receive-only mode.), choosing a subset S1 of A, estimating the expansion coefficients of A as a predefined function of subset S1 and signals received by A (FIG. 2 Step of Choose a set S1 of m modems in A and estimate the expansion coefficients gjj of modems in A relative to S1), choosing a candidate subset S2 of size m of A where the determinant of a matrix of the expansion coefficients corresponding to the subset S2 is greater than that of the expansion coefficients corresponding to any other subset of size m of A divided by a predefined bound D (FIG. 2 Step of Choose an initial candidate subset S2 where det (AS2) det (AS)/D), calculating a threshold alpha, choosing a final subset S2 that is an -amplifier of (FIG.

Abstract: A method of providing communications over a plurality of sets of twisted pair conductors connected to a plurality of communication devices located in a plurality of units of a multi-unit structure is provided. In one embodiment, the method comprises coupling a data signal comprising a first data packet to the plurality of sets of twisted pair conductors via a non-conductive coupler, wherein the first data packet includes a destination address. Next, the method comprises receiving the first data packet at the plurality of communication devices; providing the first data to a user device at one of the plurality of communication devices; and discarding the first data at multiple communication devices among the plurality of receiving communication devices.

Abstract: At least one channel is joined to a group of active channels in a communication system by transmitting control signals to configure respective customer premises equipment (CPE) of the active channels into a joining mode of operation, and transmitting a joining signature sequence to CPE of the joining channel over a downstream data signal path of the joining channel. A central office (CO) or other access node of the system receives correlation results from respective active channel CPE, estimates crosstalk from the joining channel into the active channels based on the correlation results, configures a precoder based on the estimated crosstalk, and adds the joining channel to the group of active channels. The channels may comprise respective subscriber lines of a DSL communication system.

Abstract: Systems and methods for canceling interference in a communication system are described. A signal that comprises current data from a current access point and secondary data from one or more secondary access points is received. The secondary data is demodulated using one or more secondary channel estimates if a signal metric is less than a predetermined threshold. Interference in the received signal is canceled using the demodulated secondary data if the signal metric is less than the predetermined threshold. The received signal with the interference canceled is demodulated using a current channel estimate to obtain the current data. The method for interference cancellation may use the same hardware resources and processing available for receiving data from a single access point.

Abstract: Methods and apparatus for reducing crosstalk in a structural health monitoring system. A pair of actuator input signals are sent to an actuator, each resulting in the transmission of stress waves to a corresponding sensor. The sensor then converts these stress waves to a pair of output signals, each having a crosstalk portion due to electromagnetic interference from the input signals to the actuator, and a stress wave portion corresponding to the stress waves. Various methods of varying the actuator input signals, the input to the actuator, and the output of the sensor result in two output signals that can be combined so as to reduce the crosstalk portions and isolate the stress wave portions. This allows actuators and sensors to be placed sufficiently close together that the stress wave portions of sensor output signals can overlap their crosstalk, without corrupting or otherwise compromising the data contained therein.

Abstract: A system and method of providing communications over twisted pair conductors connected to a plurality of communication devices located in a plurality of units of a multi-unit structure is provided. In one embodiment, the system comprises an upstream device having a first modem and a first non-conductive coupler communicatively coupled to the first modem and configured to couple data signals to and from the plurality of twisted pair conductors. The system also includes a plurality of communication devices disposed in a plurality of the units, with each having a second modem having first port and a second port, a second non-conductive coupler communicatively coupled to the first port of the second modem and configured to couple data signals to and from a twisted pair conductor. The second port of the second modem is configured to be coupled to one or more of the plurality of user devices.

Abstract: A 10GBASE-T transceiver that is capable of performing cable diagnostics. The transceiver is a physical layer device (PHY) that has four transceiver sections. Each section includes an input path and an output path. The input path generally includes a receiver, an analog-to-digital converter, a far end cross talk/near end cross talk canceller section, an alien noise canceller section, and an equalizer section. The output path includes a coding and preconditioning section, a digital-to-analog converter, and a transmitter. A substantial savings can be realized by utilizing the same elements that perform data communication to perform cable diagnostics. The diagnostics might occur before a link is formed or after a link is formed and may be based on test signals only or on data signals or communications. A first PHY might perform diagnostics alone or in combination with a second PHY which is in communication with the first as a link partner.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for reducing interference caused by an interfering signal are disclosed for use in an access node, such as a base station, communicating with at least one mobile terminal in a wireless network, the method comprising the following steps: receiving information related to at least one data packet that is to be transmitted by a second access node to at least a second mobile terminal, receiving time-frequency information about the point in time when the at least one data packet will be transmitted from the second access node to the second mobile terminal, estimating the interfering signal based on the at least one data packet, cancelling interference based on the estimated interference signal at the point in time. This facilitates interference cancellation, especially in a network using distributed RRM.

Abstract: Systems and methods for determining the configuration of a connection between two devices by measuring an electrical characteristic are provided. Using the measured electrical characteristic, a device is able to select an appropriate communication interface, such as serial, Universal Serial Bus (USB), FireWire, parallel, PS/2, etc., and configure itself appropriately. Systems and methods which determine the physical orientation of a connector with respect to another connector may also be provided alone or in combination with such systems and methods for selecting communication interfaces. The physical orientation of a connector can be determined by measuring an electrical characteristic and a device can then configure itself appropriately. In accordance with the principles of the present invention, device designs can decrease in size and cost as well as simplify operation for the end-user.

Abstract: There is disclosed conductor and connector configurations for use in communications systems which take advantage of the orientation and positioning of adjacent balanced pairs of conductors to reduce cross talk. These conductor and connector configurations may be used to reduce cross talk between adjacent balanced pairs of a single transmission path, or to reduce alien cross talk between adjacent balanced pairs located in different transmission paths.

Abstract: A secondary source of dispatch information is provided in the event of a failure of a primary source of dispatch information. The second source of dispatch information can be accessed electronically by service technicians in the field when the primary source of dispatch information fails so that service technicians do not have to contact operators in a central office to obtain the dispatch information. The secondary source of dispatch information can distribute the dispatch information in a number of ways including e-mail, web and other methods.

Abstract: The performance and ease of management of wireless communications environments is improved by a mechanism that enables access points (APs) to perform automatic channel selection. A wireless network can therefore include multiple APs, each of which will automatically choose a channel such that channel usage is optimized. Furthermore, APs can perform automatic power adjustment so that multiple APs can operate on the same channel while minimizing interference with each other. Wireless stations are load balanced across APs so that user bandwidth is optimized. A movement detection scheme provides seamless roaming of stations between APs.

Abstract: A Home Phoneline system operating within a Multiple Dwelling Unit includes a Home Phoneline Access Multiplexer (HPAN) that services a plurality of Home Phoneline networks, each including at least one Home Phoneline station. The HPAN synchronizes upstream and downstream transmissions to eliminate Near-Far cross-talk. According to a second operation of the present invention, the HPAN manages the transmission power of the HomePNA stations of the HomePNA networks to reduce Near-Near and Far-Far cross-talk. To optimize throughput across the whole building, station power levels are adjusted based on their location in terms of amounts of attenuation. A third method of operation according to the present invention includes adjusting the receiver sensitivity of the Home Phoneline stations according to detected or characterized levels of cross-talk within the MDU.

Abstract: To reduce the ISDN crosstalk in an incoming DSL signal, a crosstalk canceller observes at least a portion of the crosstalk signal and reproduces an estimate of the crosstalk signal for at least a portion of that signal within the DSL band. The crosstalk canceller applies a canceling signal based on the estimated crosstalk signal to reduce the crosstalk in the received DSL signal.

Abstract: Systems and methodologies are described that facilitate providing uplink inter-cell interference cancellation. A radio network controller can receive measurement reports in order to identify non-serving nodes that are receiving interference from user equipment. Based on evaluation of such measurement reports, an interference message can be communicated to a Node B, wherein such measurement report can include information that allows the Node B to cancel or terminate the interference caused by such identified user equipment.

Abstract: Combined echo and crosstalk cancellation is provided. Frequency domain adaptive filters are used to remove or reduce the effects of echo and crosstalk for a multi-channel and full-duplex communications system. Data from each transmit channel is buffered and converted to the frequency domain. The frequency domain data is multiplied by crosstalk coefficients to obtain a frequency domain correction signal for each channel. Adaptation of the crosstalk coefficients is based on correlations between the error signals and the data from each of the transmit channels. A single frequency domain transform engine, such as a Fast Fourier Transform engine, is employed for all calculations to save power and area.

Abstract: The present invention effectively cancels echo, near-end crosstalk and far-end crosstalk. A FEXT canceller is placed at the transmitter rather than at the receiver according to an aspect of the invention. In some embodiment, a FEXT canceller can be placed at the receiver only or the combination of both ends. The FEXT canceller is continuously adapted with information sent back from a remote receiver and with data from a neighbor transmitter that causes the crosstalk at the remote receiver. This allows the FEXT canceller to quickly adapt to a change in crosstalk function or conditions with the surrounding environment, for example, aging, temperature, humidity, physical pressure, etc. In some embodiments, an adaptation control signal is sent back from the receiver to the transmitter by using an overhead bit in the frame format. In some embodiments, part of the FEXT canceller is built-in at the remote receiver.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for noise cancellation in a multi-channel communication system is disclosed. In one embodiment this system is configured to cancel FEXT on a victim channel utilizing the signals received on the other channels. The processing benefits gained by a receiver's other filters, such as for example, the FFE and DFE filters, is utilized when generating a FEXT cancellation signal. As a result, the complexity of the apparatus that generates the FEXT cancellation signal may be made less complex since part of the processing burden is performed by other filter apparatus. In one configuration pre-code FEXT cancellation occurs in that a pre-code FEXT filter generates one or more pre-code FEXT cancellation signals corresponding to each of the other channels. The pre-code FEXT cancellation signals are combined, prior to transmission, with the signals associated with each of the other channels, to thereby pre-cancel FEXT prior to transmission.

Abstract: Methods and apparatuses for communication are provided.

Abstract: An apparatus for echo cancellation in a transceiver of a full duplex communication system, where the transceiver includes a transmitter for transmitting a transmit signal and a receiver for receiving a receive signal, includes: an echo cancellation signal generator, coupled to the transmitter, for receiving the transmit signal and for generating an echo cancellation signal according to the transmit signal, wherein the echo cancellation signal reflects an effect of an impedance of a channel and a parasitic capacitor of the transceiver; and a calculation module coupled to the transmitter, the receiver, and the echo cancellation signal generator for receiving the receive signal and for canceling the echo of the receive signal according to the echo cancellation signal to generate an echo-cancelled signal, wherein the effect of the impedance of the channel and the parasitic capacitor of the transceiver in the echo-cancelled signal is reduced.

Abstract: This invention relates to power control arrangements of digital subscriber lines. The invention controls parallel subscriber lines simultaneously in an organized way, based on the measurements of crosstalk conditions of the sub-scriber lines. Different crosstalk conditions are measured. The organized way to control the transmission power levels ensures that the crosstalk does not increase to an unacceptable level in each of the subscriber lines.

Abstract: A method and apparatus are disclosed for reducing cross-talk in an unbalanced channel with a reduced number of redundancies. A cross-talk canceller is disclosed that uses a multi-dimensional finite impulse response (FIR) filter to process a received signal. Redundancies are reduced or even removed entirely by processing the signals received on each twisted pair in a vector form, using multi-dimensional finite impulse response filters. The signals received by a transceiver on each twisted pair are represented in a vector form so that the signals received on each twisted pair, and the cross-talk effect that each signal has on one another, can be performed collectively. A multi-dimensional cross-talk canceller processes a vector representation of the corresponding signals transmitted by the transceiver on each twisted pair.

Abstract: A method and system for xDSL crosstalk cancellation is provided. The method includes dividing xDSL signals into a plurality of signal sets; and connecting signals from a same signal set to a same processing unit to be processed. A digital subscriber line access multiplexer (DSLAM) includes a line switching control module and at least one processing unit.

Abstract: A method and system transmits an input stream of data symbols in a multiple-input/multiple-output wireless communications system that includes M subgroups of transmitting antennas. A stream of data symbols is provided to a combined switch and demultiplexer. The combined switch and demultiplexer selects a subset L of the M subgroups of antennas as active, where L<M. The demultiplexer then splits the data stream into L substreams, which are fed to the L subgroups of antennas. Before transmission, each of the L substreams is adaptively modulated and coded to a maximum data rate while achieving a predetermined performance on an associated channel used to transmit the substream. Space-time transmit diversity encoding is applied to each coded substream to generate multiple output streams, one output stream for each antenna of each of the L subgroups. The selection by the switch is based on channel conditions fed back by a receiver of the output streams.

Abstract: A solid state image pick-up device has shields for suppressing deterioration in a ratio of an output signal to output noises caused by crosstalks, suppressing deterioration in a ratio of the output signal to output noises caused by a coupling capacity, and suppressing deterioration in a ratio of the output signal to output noises caused by imbalance is provided. Shielding lines 301, 302, and 303 are arranged in a layer to which output lines 210 and 220 belong. Shielding lines 304, 305, and 306 are arranged over the shielding lines 301, 302, and 303, respectively. Further, shielding pins 307, 308, and 309 are arranged between the shielding lines 301 and 304, between the shielding lines 302 and 305, and between the shielding lines 303 and 306, respectively. No shielding line is arranged over output lines 210 and 220. A structure is made to be plane-symmetrical with respect to a plane including a center line of the shielding line 301 and a plane including a center line of the shielding line 304.

Abstract: In a signal processor, a sampling arrangement (SH11, S12, SH13, ADC1) samples at least a first signal (YA) and a second signal (UA, VA) so as to obtain sampled first signal (YD1) and a sampled second signal (UD1, VD1), respectively. A folding compensator (LPF11, LPF12, LPF13, SUB11, SUB12, MUX12) compensates for a folding component in the sampled first signal (YD1) on the basis of a spectral portion of the sampled second signal (UD1, VD1) that is substantially free of components that originate from the second signal (UA, VA).

Abstract: An error detection and correction apparatus includes three threshold logic units which make decisions based on current and previous bit values in a bit stream of block-coded data. One of the threshold logic units decodes the data stream based on an advancing time stream of data. Another threshold logic unit decodes the data stream based on a time-reversed stream of data, and the last threshold logic unit decodes the data stream based on a time-reversed input stream of data and a time-reversed set of decisions made by the first threshold logic unit. Each threshold logic unit generates decisions and a parity check of those decisions Error identification information is compared between the three streams of decisions and parity checks on those decisions, thereby producing error information, which is processed by a circuit which determines which is the most likely data transmitted.