Abstract: Techniques for extended network configuration conversion and reconfiguration are described. A network controller proceeds through a set of extended network nodes in an extended network and reconfigures ports in at the various nodes from a first configuration to a second configuration while preventing network traffic looping and maintaining data and management traffic connection to the nodes during the reconfiguration.

Abstract: In an approach for building file server arrays with stable and unstable nodes for enhanced pipeline transmission, a processor builds an array from a plurality of stable nodes, wherein each stable node of the plurality of stable nodes is linked to two other stable nodes of the plurality of stable nodes forming a line. A processor divides a plurality of unstable nodes into one or more groups of unstable nodes. A processor links each group of unstable nodes to two neighboring stable nodes within the array. A processor sends data through the array and the one or more groups of unstable nodes in two opposite directions. A processor monitors a node status for each node of the plurality of stable nodes and the plurality of unstable nodes.

Abstract: A communication device with an activated ring controller provided in both first and second subnetworks for data transmission in a redundantly operable communications network, which includes at least one first and one second subnetwork, which each include communication devices interconnected within a ring topology, wherein the subnetworks are interconnected via coupling line sections to which coupling communication devices are connected, where the coupling line section to which a selected coupling communication device is connected is operated as an inactive reserve coupling line section until a disruption occurs, whilst another coupling line section is operated as an active main coupling line section, where coupling communication devices connected to the main coupling line section transmit status datagrams to the selected coupling communication device which additionally include configuration information about whether the particular coupling communication device connected to the main coupling line section is an

Abstract: Internal control devices (41A to 41D) included respectively in air conditioners (10A to 10D) in an air conditioning system (1) are communicably connected one by one correspondingly to external control devices (42A to 42D). Each of the external control devices (42A to 42D) is configured to execute command generating operation of generating an operation command to a corresponding one of the air conditioners (10A to 10D). The external control devices (42A to 42D) constitute an external control system (50). In the external control system (50), one of the external control devices (42A) functions as a master control device configured to execute the command generating operation whereas remaining ones of the external control devices (42A to 42D) other than the external control device (42A) functioning as the master control device function as sub control devices configured not to execute the command generating operation.

Abstract: A method, a system and a storage medium for network failure protection belonging to the field of network technologies. The method comprises: allocating, for each forwarding link of the ring topology, a protection ring bit position opposite to the direction of a working path; newly adding BRFT for storing adjacent forwarding table entries related to forwarding along the direction of the protection ring bit position; and when a BIER message is forwarded along the working path, if a BFR detects that the downstream adjacency fails, searching for entry content of the BTAFT, finding the correlation between the link bit position of the fault forwarding link and the protection ring bit position, and forwarding, on the basis of entry content of the BRFT, the BIER message to the opposite end fault point of the opposite end along the direction of the protection ring bit position.

Abstract: This application provides a signal transmission method and apparatus. The method is applied to a communications system including at least three nodes, a second node in the at least three nodes communicates with a third node by using a first node, and the method includes: determining, by the first node, a status of a link between the first node and the second node; and sending, by the first node, first notification information to the third node when determining that the link between the first node and the second node is abnormal, where the first notification information is used to indicate that the link between the first node and the second node is abnormal.

Abstract: A disclosed method may include (1) identifying a route installed in a Forwarding Information Base (FIB) of a network device included in a network, (2) identifying a plurality of active paths that lead from the network device to a destination device of the route installed in the FIB, (3) determining a load distribution of the plurality of active paths by calculating a plurality of traffic loads that represent amounts of traffic that traverse from the network device to the destination device via the plurality of active paths, and (4) making a trafficking decision in connection with the plurality of active paths based at least in part on the load distribution of the plurality of active paths. Various other apparatuses, systems, and methods are also disclosed.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for operating a transmission system (1) that comprises a first network (2) and at least one additional network (3), in which data are exchanged between said at least two networks (2, 3) by means of data of the first network (2) being fed to duplication means (4) in the form of data packets, these fed data packets being wirelessly transmitted to separator means (5) via at least two transmission paths (6, 7) using PRP, and being forwarded from said separator means (5) to the connected additional network (3) in the form of a data stream. The invention is characterized in that the data packets are temporarily stored in a memory once they have been transmitted via the at least two transmission paths (6, 7).

Abstract: A system and method of identifying faulted devices in an Ethernet network of a building management system (BMS). The system includes a network manager device, a first client device, and a second client device. A first port of the first client device is connected to a first port of the network manager device, a first port of the second client device is connected to a second port of the first client device and a second port of the second client device is connected to a second port of the network manager device. A third port of the first client device is connected to a port of a device external to a ring of the network. The network manager device is configured to transmit a frame having a count field.

Abstract: A data processing method is performed at a terminal. The method includes: generating a supplementary signal frame according to a first original signal frame of a first data collector when a first frame rate of the first data collector in a terminal is less than a second frame rate of a second data collector, and determining an input time stamp of the supplementary signal frame according to the second frame rate; inputting the supplementary signal frame into a first input queue of the first data collector when a current time reaches the input time stamp of the supplementary signal frame; obtaining a second original signal frame that is currently input into a second input queue and that is of the second data collector; and performing signal fusion on the supplementary signal frame in the first input queue and a second original signal frame in the second input queue.

Abstract: One aspect of the invention provides a computer comprising a plurality of interconnected processing nodes arranged in a ladder configuration comprising a plurality of facing pairs of processing nodes. The processing nodes of each pair are connected to each other by two links. A processing node in each pair is connected to a corresponding processing node in an adjacent pair by at least one link. The processing nodes are programmed to operate the ladder configuration to transmit data around two embedded one-dimensional rings formed by respective sets of processing nodes and links, each ring using all processing nodes in the ladder once only.

Abstract: Provided is a communication system including: a first communication bus available for communication of at least a first communication scheme; a second communication bus available for both communication of the first communication scheme and communication of a second communication scheme having a lower processing load than the first communication scheme; a plurality of first communication devices connected to both the first communication bus and the second communication bus; a plurality of second communication devices, connected to the second communication bus, which perform communication through the second communication scheme using the second communication bus; and a processor that detects an abnormality of the first communication bus, wherein each of the plurality of first communication devices performs communication through the first communication scheme using the first communication bus in a case where the abnormality of the first communication bus is not detected by the processor, and performs communicati

Abstract: Embodiments of the present disclosure provide an information processing method, an electronic device and a computer program product. According to an embodiment, the method comprises: obtaining, by a first client, metadata of a first message in a message pool; in response to the metadata indicating that the first message is associated with the first client, pulling the first message by the first client; in response to the metadata indicating that the first message is associated with the second client, determining a priority of the first message; and in response to determining that the priority of the first message exceeds a predetermined threshold, sending a first paging message by the first client to the second client to enable the second client to pull the first message associated with the second client.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is an identifier based communication system including: a common communication path; a center station having a center station communication module and a center station controller connected to the center station communication module and connected to the common communication path through the center station communication module; and a plurality of distribution stations each including a distribution station communication module connected to the common communication path, a distribution station controller connected to the distribution station communication module, and a distribution station memory connected to the distribution station controller and storing a determined identifier value of the distribution station, wherein the center station controller transmits an identifier setting mode command including a center transmission preliminary identifier value to the distribution stations following an identifier setting request input from the outside; each of the distribution stations includes a distri

Abstract: A protection switching method, including sending, by a first end node, a first protection switching request message to an intermediate node in response to a fault occurring on a working path between the first end node and a second end node, wherein a protection path of the working path comprises the first end node, the second end node, and at least one intermediate node, receiving, by the first end node, a second protection switching request message from the intermediate node, and switching service data to the protection path for transmission in response to receiving the second protection switching request message, where one overhead frame of each of the first and second protection switching request messages has at least two overhead information groups, and each of the at least two overhead information groups comprises a request type field, a request signal identifier field, and a bridge flag field.

Abstract: Nodes on a token ring are rebalanced from an initial condition to a condition in which the load is optimally distributed based on a specified level of balance. Nodes are treated as electrically charged particles for purposes of the simulation and are assigned simulation values based on proportions between the size of the cluster, the computing power of the nodes, and the specified level of balance. A simulation module performs the rebalancing simulation by assigning the specified values to the particles and outputting, for each corresponding node, a token indicating the particle's final position and the position of the node on the token ring. The tokens are input to a redistribution module, which rebalances the cluster based on the generated tokens.

Abstract: An architecture of a multi-core electronic system is provided. The architecture includes a plurality of first computing cores, a first ring bus, a direct memory access (DMA) engine, and a DMA ring controller. The first computing cores are connected to the first ring bus. The DMA ring controller connects the DMA engine to the first ring bus. The first computing cores communicate with the DMA engine through the first ring bus and make the DMA engine perform a memory operation.

Abstract: A reconfigurable switching apparatus may include a plurality of communications transceivers operable to connect to a plurality of programmable integrated circuits. The reconfigurable switching apparatus may further include a plurality of crosspoint switches operably coupled to the plurality of communications transceivers. The reconfigurable switching apparatus may further include a processing circuitry operably coupled to the plurality of crosspoint switches and operable to program the plurality of crosspoint switches to route a plurality of interconnection paths between the plurality of communications transceivers.

Abstract: An Optical Protection Switch (OPS) includes a splitter connected to a transmitted input and a path continuity monitor transmitter and configured to output the transmitted input with a path continuity monitor signal to two paths; a switch connected to a receiver output and configured to provide one of two receiver inputs each from one of the two paths based on a setting of the switch; and one or more path continuity monitor receivers connected to the two receiver inputs and configured to detect a corresponding path continuity monitor signal from a complementary OPS, wherein the setting of the switch is set based upon the received path continuity monitor signals. The one or more path continuity monitor receivers each have a narrow optical bandwidth relative to an overall optical bandwidth of the transmitted input.

Abstract: A gaming controller is provided. The gaming controller includes a controller; a plurality of input positions; and a plurality of input modules, each input module configured to receive user input to the gaming controller. The plurality of input modules are connected to the controller to form a ring network. Each of the plurality of input modules is connected to the ring network through a different one of the input positions. The controller is configured to initiate a transmission of a data packet around the ring network, and each input module is configured to enter data into a different section of the data packet. Each input module is configured to determine the section of the data packet to enter data into based on one or more of (1) a type of that input module and (2) whether one or more sections of the data packet already include data from one of the input modules.

Abstract: A system for protecting optical paths may exchange first optical signal traffic between source and destination locations over a first fiber cable comprising optical signals having wavelengths within a first predefined optical wavelength band, exchange second optical signal traffic between the source and destination locations over a second fiber cable comprising optical signals having wavelengths within the first optical wavelength band, convert the first optical signal traffic to third optical signal traffic comprising optical signals having wavelengths within a second predefined optical wavelength band, detect an interruption in the exchange of the first optical signal traffic and, in response to detecting the interruption, cause the third optical signal traffic to be carried from the first location to the second location over the second fiber cable in the second optical wavelength band while the second optical signal traffic is exchanged over the second fiber cable in the first optical wavelength band.

Abstract: System, device, and method of deploying layer-3 transparent cloud-based proxy network element. A virtual network function is defined between a west-side router and an east-side router. A west-side interface receives east-bound traffic from a west-side Virtual LAN. East-bound queries from the west-bound router, are intercepted and responded to by the west-side interface, the response indicating the MAC address of the west-side router instead of the east-side router. The system enables the virtual network function to transparently intercept network traffic, and to selectively apply to such traffic one or more network functions or operations, prior to forwarding the traffic or a modified version thereof to the east-side router, in a Layer-3 transparent manner.

Abstract: The present disclosure discloses a protection switching method and a node. The method includes: receiving, by an intermediate node, a first protection switching request message sent by an upstream neighboring node, where the first protection switching request message is used to request to activate a first protection path, and the intermediate node is a node on the first protection path; determining, by the intermediate node, that the first protection path needs to occupy N1 timeslots, and selecting N1 timeslots for the first protection path from N2 available timeslots in a preset order; and sending, by the intermediate node, a second protection switching request message to the downstream neighboring node, where the second protection switching request message is used to request the downstream neighboring node to complete a cross-connection, on the first protection path, between the downstream neighboring node and the intermediate node based on the first group of timeslots.

Abstract: Apparatuses and methods associated with distributing congestion information in a switch are provided. In embodiments, the switch includes a plurality of ports arranged in a plurality of rows and a plurality of columns. The switch further includes a plurality of daisy-chain buses, individual daisy-chain buses coupling the ports of a respective row to one another in a daisy-chain. The switch further includes a plurality of column buses, individual column buses coupling an individual port of the plurality of ports to the other ports of the respective column. Individual ports of a respective row receive congestion information from the other ports of the row via the respective daisy-chain bus and pass the congestion information to the other ports of the respective column via the respective column bus. Other embodiments may be described and/or claimed.

Abstract: An Ethernet ring protection switching (ERPS) method and a node, where the method includes clearing, by a first node, media access control (MAC) address forwarding tables of a first ERPS port and a second ERPS port, and simultaneously changing multiple ports including the first ERPS port and the second ERPS port to a broadcasting state when the first ERPS port becomes faulty, where the second ERPS port is another ERPS port except the first ERPS port, sending, in a broadcasting manner using a port in the multiple ports, the MAC packet to a target node when a MAC packet is received, and changing the multiple ports to a forwarding state, learning a MAC address according to a broadcasting path of the MAC packet to obtain a target MAC address forwarding table of the second ERPS port. Hence, ERPS efficiency may be improved.

Abstract: Methods and apparatus are provided for protection of state information for an auxiliary storage service in a microservice architecture. An exemplary method comprises generating a snapshot of state information of an auxiliary storage service on a given storage node in a storage cluster comprised of a plurality of storage nodes; and providing the snapshot to M protector storage nodes within the plurality of storage nodes in the storage cluster, wherein the M protector storage nodes comprises a snapshot manager node and M?1 additional protector storage nodes, and wherein the M protector storage nodes are selected based on a hierarchical ranking of available storage nodes within the storage cluster arranged in a predefined configuration relative to the given storage node. The predefined configuration of the plurality of storage nodes can be, for example, a protection ring comprising a first M?1 online storage nodes that follow the snapshot manager node in the protection ring in a predefined direction.

Abstract: Embodiments determine failures of a network element (NE) in an outside plant utilizing a connectivity trail that indicates NEs starting at the headend and ending at a distribution tap that serves one or more customer premise devices associated to a customer account. Embodiments determine a failed NE that serves the highest number of customers for which a trouble is reported to a ticketing system. Embodiments avoid reporting downstream child NEs that may be performing poorly due to the upstream failed parent NE. Embodiments associate the one or more customer premise devices, and a customer account with respective NEs of the connectivity trail, perform operational metric tests to determine whether a customer premise device associated with a customer account has failed, determine when an NE of the connectivity trail has failed. Embodiments also include rebooting the failed NE and/or notifying a ticketing system accordingly.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to a pre-5th-generation (5G) or 5G communication system for supporting higher data rates beyond 4th-generation (4G) communication systems such as a long term evolution (LTE) system. The disclosure includes a first evolved node B (eNB) in a communication system supporting dual connectivity. The first eNB includes a controller configured to detect that a path between a second eNB and a terminal is blocked, and a transmitter configured to transmit, to the terminal, a first data unit of a plurality of data units to be transmitted through the path between the second eNB and the terminal.

Abstract: Multiple ports of a vectored digital subscriber line (DSL) system can be automatically reconfigured to respond to a fault or defect associated with another one of the ports of the system. Information regarding retrain events for the ports of the system can be examined to identify the “bad” port with the associated fault or defect and the corresponding group of ports affected by the bad port. The affected group of ports can be identified as a group of ports that all were retrained within a predetermined time period and for common retrain reasons (e.g., 1 or 2 different retrain reasons). Once the affected group of ports is identified, the affected group of ports and the bad port can receive corresponding repair profiles to reconfigure the ports to respond to the fault or defect.

Abstract: A protection switching method, including sending, by a first end node, a first protection switching request message to an intermediate node in response to a fault occurring on a working trail between the first end node and a second end node, wherein a protection trail of the working trail comprises the first end node, the second end node, and at least one intermediate node, receiving, by the first end node, a second protection switching request message from the intermediate node, and switching service data to the protection trail for transmission in response to receiving the second protection switching request message, where one overhead frame of each of the first and second protection switching request messages has at least two overhead information groups, and each of the at least two overhead information groups comprises a request type field, a request signal identifier field, and a bridge flag field.

Abstract: The presently disclosed embodiments are directed to an improved communication system that may have a plurality of control board modules and a display. The object of the disclosure is to transfer critical communication from the critical communication channel to the non-critical communication channel in the event of communication failure in the critical communication channel. Another object of the disclosure is to share data transfer between communication channels in order to manage bandwidth and system reliability.

Abstract: According to an example method, it is determined that a first network node in a ring network is claimed by a first managing device and a second network node in the ring network is claimed by a second managing device. The ring network includes a single link to a customer network. The second network node is then isolated from the first network node. A separate linear network is formed including the second network node. Upon reset of the second network node to an unclaimed status, the second network node is claimed by the first managing device.

Abstract: Nodes on a token ring are rebalanced from an initial condition to a condition in which the load is optimally distributed based on a specified level of balance. Nodes are treated as electrically charged particles for purposes of the simulation and are assigned simulation values based on proportions between the size of the cluster, the computing power of the nodes, and the specified level of balance. A simulation module performs the rebalancing simulation by assigning the specified values to the particles and outputting, for each corresponding node, a token indicating the particle's final position and the position of the node on the token ring. The tokens are input to a redistribution module, which rebalances the cluster based on the generated tokens.

Abstract: A stable virtual access point and a method for operating a stable virtual access point are disclosed. In embodiments a method for operating a logical endpoint of a stable virtual access point, wherein the logical endpoint includes an interface with a macro access point, wherein the stable virtual access point comprises a plurality of transmission points (TPs), and wherein the TPs provide a coordinated data transmission to a UE comprises storing, at the logical endpoint, a connection status of the UE, receiving, at the logical endpoint, information regarding the connection status of the UE from the macro access point, determining, at the logical endpoint, a change in the connection status of the UE and updating, at the logical endpoint, the connection status of the UE with respect to the change.

Abstract: The disclosure provides a method of operating a communication network. The method includes receiving input data related to a state of the communication network and operation of the communication network. The method then includes determining a policy for the communication network based on the input data. The policy is a set of features for forming a plurality of communication links in the communication network over a time interval. The plurality of communication links provides one or more paths through the communication network. Determining the policy is based at least in part on utility values of previous policies. The utility values of previous policies are derived using simulation and/or real-world implementation of the previous policies. The communication network is then operated to implement the policy in the time interval.

Abstract: A wireless transmission device is configured to group together as a first link group transmission lines connected to the wireless transmission device and a transmission lines connected to adjacent devices that are wireless transmission devices adjacent to the wireless transmission device and to share status information of transmission lines of the first link group with the adjacent devices.

Abstract: A method for establishing a neighbor relationship, where corresponding authentication information is added to packets that are sent from a first network device and a second network device to each other. The first network device sends a hello packet to the second network device. The second network device receives the hello packet, performs authentication, and responds to the hello packet using an extended unidirectional link (UDL) link state packet (LSP) when the authentication succeeds. The first network device receives the extended UDL LSP, and performs authentication. When an authentication result includes that both the first network device and the second network device enable authentication and the authentication succeeds, a neighbor relationship between the first network device and the second network device may be established.

Abstract: A method of payload type aware routing in wireless mesh networks comprises: identifying, by a first mesh network device of a wireless mesh network, a plurality of path selection metric types supported by the wireless mesh network; identifying, by inspecting an outgoing data frame, a path selection metric type corresponding to a payload type of the outgoing data frame; determining that the path selection metric type is comprised by the plurality of path selection metric types supported by the wireless mesh network; determining, using the path selection metric type, a network path to a destination mesh network device of the outgoing data frame, wherein the network path comprises an identifier of an intermediate mesh network device between the first mesh network device and the destination mesh network device; and transmitting the outgoing data frame to the intermediate mesh network device.

Abstract: A ring network architecture includes multiple communication nodes configured in a ring. Wave pipelining is used to provide for high bandwidth and low latency on-chip communications. Each node implements a source-synchronized clocking scheme, such that there is no need to build an extensive low skew clock-tree across a large die area. A single reference clock signal is generated within a root node, and is routed through each of the nodes of the ring network in a unidirectional manner. Each node includes a timestamp counter and a color bit register, which store values that enable the node to resolve ordered transaction messages issued by the other nodes in a precise order, even though the nodes are operating independently, and receive the various transaction messages in totally different timing orders. Because the control logic is distributed among the nodes, no centralized controller is necessary.

Abstract: A system and method of identifying faulted devices in an Ethernet network of a building management system (BMS). The system includes a network manager device, a first client device, and a second client device. A first port of the first client device is connected to a first port of the network manager device, a first port of the second client device is connected to a second port of the first client device and a second port of the second client device is connected to a second port of the network manager device. The network manager device is configured to transmit a frame having a count field. The first client device is configured to increment the count field once based on a successful transmission of the frame to the second client device and increment the count field twice based on a failed transmission to the second client device.

Abstract: Within a multi-tier computing environment having a plurality of computing nodes, a first node accesses a data object encapsulating values. Thereafter, the first node generates node specific messages for each of a plurality of tiered nodes in the multi-tier computing environment relating to a transaction. The node specific messages encapsulate at least a portion of the values in the accessed data object and are respectively based on access visibility information associated with each such node. Thereafter, the first node transmits the corresponding node specific messages to each of the plurality of tiered nodes. The first node, in response to the transmitted node specific messages, receives data comprising a plurality of responses in response to the receipt of the node-specific messages. The first node then orchestrates with the plurality of tiered nodes, completion of the transaction by transmitting messages to select nodes of the plurality of tiered nodes.

Abstract: A gateway for a computer network includes a programmable integrated circuit device, and a first port and a second port coupled to the programmable integrated circuit device. The programmable integrated circuit device is structured and configured to, responsive to a restoration of power to the gateway following a loss of power at the gateway, read configuration information stored by the gateway, and if indicated by the configuration information, forward first data traffic from the first port to the second port and forward second data traffic from second port to first port until the programmable integrated circuit device is configured to do otherwise.

Abstract: The present disclosure generally relates to the field of label switching. More specifically, the present disclosure relates to techniques of providing, forwarding and distributing load balancing information in a label switched network.

Abstract: An access point placement optimization device includes processing circuitry configured to: determine possibilities of communication between respective pairs of nodes in a wireless multi-hop network including a plurality of wireless terminals and a plurality of access points as the nodes; calculate, on basis of the possibilities of communication, a covering range of the wireless terminals with which each of the access points is allowed to make communications within a predetermined number of hops; generate one or more combinations of the access points; calculate, on basis of the covering range, a cost and a redundancy in case of placing the access points in accordance with each of the one or more combinations; and select the combination from the one or more combinations on basis of the redundancy and the cost.

Abstract: A key switch on a machine control panel is provided with two contacts such that the machine control panel can include two independent communication circuits. Signals from a double-contact key switch are received by the two communication circuits, and safety-related signals are transmitted from the communication circuits to a numerical controller through a bus. The signals received by the numerical controller are compared with each other so that they can be made to comply with the safety standards by monitoring the integrity of the safety function.

Abstract: In order to be able to maintain cross-traffic between slaves in a ring topology of an Ethernet-based data network even in the event of an error in the ring topology, which leads to the interruption of the ring topology, it is provided that in the event of the occurrence (rectification) of an error (F) in the annular data network (1), the ringmaster is configured to forward data packets or to block at least multicast data packets, and that the master prompts the slaves (S1, S2), communicating with one another via cross-traffic, to transmit configuration data packets (DPMC1, DPMC2) as multicast data packets to each of the other slaves (S1, . . . , Sn) of the annular data network in order to adjust address tables (AT1, AT2) in the slaves (S1, S2), communicating with one another via cross-traffic.

Abstract: An inline-bypass switch system includes: a first inline-bypass switch appliance having a first bypass component, a first switch coupled to the first bypass component, and a first controller; and a second inline-bypass switch appliance having a second bypass component, a second switch coupled to the second bypass component, and a second controller; wherein the first controller in the first inline-bypass switch appliance is configured to provide a state signal that is associated with a state of the first inline-bypass switch appliance; and wherein the second controller in the second inline-bypass switch appliance is configured to control the second bypass component based at least in part on the state signal.

Abstract: Certain aspects of the present disclosure relate to apparatuses and methods for maintaining reachability at a user equipment (UE). In one aspect, the apparatuses and methods are configured to detect a change in a radio connection between the UE and a peer entity, wherein the change in the radio connection is associated with the UE entering an idle state, to communicate to the peer entity, in response to detecting the change in the radio condition, an indication that the UE is to enter the idle state and is reachable for a specified duration of time while in the idle state, and to enter the idle state after communicating the indication to the peer entity. In another aspect, the apparatuses and methods are configured to communicate to the peer entity an indication that the peer entity is not to attempt to reach the UE during the specified duration of time.

Abstract: Some tests can be implemented as services. A network provider can deploy (“push”) a test to a container resident on one or more devices of the network, either at installation, periodically, or when a problem is reported. When a customer reports an issue, services running on one or more devices of the customer's installation can cause the containerized tests to be run. For example, the central office of the network provider can initiate a request to run the test through the internet (or other connection) by the container. In some implementations, there is an overlap of the service based test set with traditional technician initiated test sets forming a hybrid testing architecture.

Abstract: Techniques are described for enhancements to Protocol Independent Multicast (PIM) to support multicast only fast re-route (MoFRR) over a remote loop free alternate (RLFA) backup path in a network. This disclosure describes a modified PIM control message having a new PIM message type and an additional field to indicate an address of a RLFA network device in the RLFA backup path. According to techniques of this disclosure, network devices along the RLFA backup path are configured to forward the modified PIM control message toward the RLFA network device instead of toward a source of a requested multicast group. When the RLFA network device receives the modified PIM control message, the RLFA network device is configured to forward a conventional PIM control message towards the source of the requested multicast group. In this way, PIM can be used to provide MoFRR over a RLFA backup path.