Abstract: A method, apparatus, and computer-readable storage medium are disclosed for processing shared risk group (SRG) information in communications networks. The method includes obtaining at least one SRG identifier by processing SRG information included in network information received at a first network layer from a second network layer, and processing the at least one SRG identifier using one or more operations configured to ensure that the SRG identifier is unique among a plurality of SRG identifiers. The apparatus includes a network interface adapted to receive network information comprising SRG information, a processor coupled to the network interface, and a memory coupled to the processor and adapted to obtain at least one SRG identifier by processing the SRG information and to process the at least one SRG identifier. The computer-readable storage medium is configured to store program instructions that when executed are configured to cause a processor to perform the method.

Abstract: Provided arc a method and an apparatus for transmitting a reception confirmation in a wireless system. A terminal determines at least one downlink sub-frame for ACK/NACK feedback from each of a plurality of serving cells and determines the number of ACK/NACK bits for the plurality of serving cells. The terminal generates bundled ACK/NACK bits by arraying the ACK/NACK bits in the ascending order of the cell index of the plurality of serving cells, and transmits the bundled ACK/NACK bits.

Abstract: Power and resource efficiency of a mobile network device are increased. In one aspect, a Tail Optimization Protocol (TOP) enables cooperation between a mobile device and an associated radio access network to eliminate idle periods (e.g., tails) when possible. Various systems and methods described herein can leverage the ability of applications and/or their associated connections to accurately predict a long tail time, from which a mobile device can notify an associated cellular network on such an imminent tail in order to allow the cellular network to immediately release tail resources. Various other aspects provided herein realize TOP via fast dormancy and/or other similar notification mechanisms, which enable a handset or other device to notify a cellular network for immediate resource release.

Abstract: A wireless device for wireless communication in a wireless area network. The wireless device includes a main radio channel for exchanging data with an access point in the wireless area network, as well as an auxiliary radio channel for scanning for availability of other access points in the wireless area network.

Abstract: Node, computer readable medium and method for detecting a failed node in a structured network. The method includes assigning nodes of a neighboring set either to an active group or to a passive group, wherein the nodes of the neighboring set are connected to a current node; instructing active nodes in the active group to send a keep-alive query to the current node, wherein a timing for sending the keep-alive query from the active nodes to the current node is controlled by the current node; instructing passive nodes to listen for a keep-alive query from the current node and to reply with a keep-alive query response to the current node; configuring the current node to reply with a keep-alive query response to the active nodes; and determining the failed node based on (i) the keep-alive query response received from the passive nodes and (ii) the keep-alive query sent by the active nodes.

Abstract: In one embodiment, a request to make a prediction regarding one or more service level agreements (SLAs) in a network is received. A network traffic parameter and an SLA requirement associated with the network traffic parameter according to the one or more SLAs are also determined. In addition, a performance metric associated with traffic in the network that corresponds to the determined network traffic parameter is estimated. It may then be predicted whether the SLA requirement would be satisfied based on the estimated performance metric.

Abstract: A system and method of uplink power control in a fixed wireless backhaul network, wherein determining an uplink transmit power of each remote backhaul module (RBM) comprises obtaining an interference-over-thermal (IoT) noise value of each hub, determining a target IoT noise value for each RBM, determining a total path loss from each RBM to its serving hub, determining a target uplink carrier to interference and noise ratio (CINR) for the RBM, and computing the RBM uplink transmit power for each RBM by summing the target IoT noise value for the RBM, the total path loss of the RBM to its serving hub, and the target uplink CINR. Computationally expensive parameter sweeps are avoided. The method can be implemented using a centralized processing unit or distributed processing at each node. The method is self-optimizing, and initial hub and RBM transmit powers and other data may be estimated using pre-deployment tools.

Abstract: A forwarding device, such as a router, in a network may communicate with a service device according to a networking protocol. According to exemplary embodiments, logic for communicating according to the networking protocol may be relocated from the forwarding device to one or more remote controllers. The remote controllers may encapsulate networking messages and forward the networking messages to the forwarding device using a tunnel, thereby allowing the messages to follow the same path through the network as the messages would have followed if the messages had originated at the forwarding device. Accordingly, the forwarding device can be made simpler, updates to the networking protocol or remote controllers may be made without ceasing operations at the forwarding device, errors in the network may be quickly diagnosed, and a backup remote controller may take responsibility for communications in the network if a primary controller is rendered inoperable.

Abstract: A method and a network device for managing Diameter routing are disclosed in the communication technology. The network device avoids frequently sending a Diameter message on a faulty routing. In the method: a network apparatus receives a first Diameter message configured to be delivered to a destination node. The network apparatus determines a routing status of a primary routing from the network apparatus to the destination node according to recorded routing status from the network apparatus to the destination node. The network apparatus sends the first Diameter message through the primary routing if the routing status of the primary routing is normal. The network apparatus sends the first Diameter message through an alternative routing from the network apparatus to the destination node if the routing status of the primary routing is faulty.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for performing effective feedback in a wireless communication system supporting multiple antennas. A method for transmitting CSI of downlink transmission via uplink in a wireless communication system includes transmitting a joint-coded rank indicator (RI) and a first wideband (WB) precoding matrix indicator (PMI) at a first subframe, and transmitting a wideband channel quality indicator (WB CQI) and a second WB PMI at a second subframe. A user equipment (UE) preferred precoding matrix is indicated by a combination of the first PMI and the second PMI. If the RI is Rank-1 or Rank-2, the first PMI indicates one of subsets each having 8 indexes from among 16 indexes of the first PMI of a precoding codebook.

Abstract: A dual bypass module for managing an integrated secured network environment is provided. The module includes network ports that receive and transmit data traffic flowing through the network. The module also includes a set of monitoring ports that is configured for transmitting the data traffic between the dual bypass module and a set of monitoring systems. The module further includes a set of relays configured for controlling the flow of data through the dual bypass module. The module yet also includes a configurable integrated circuit. The configurable integrated circuit includes at least one of a first logic arrangement for determining conditions of the set of monitoring systems, a second logic arrangement for redirecting the data traffic through a secured alternate path when a monitoring system is unavailable, and a third logic arrangement for redirecting the data traffic through a secured alternate path when a communication path becomes unavailable.

Abstract: A system, method and apparatus adapting one or more routers or nodes in a network to operate in a first mode to exchange hello messages with neighboring nodes to indicate thereby active or live status, and to operate in a second mode to avoid the use of hello messages by opportunistically relying upon service or management protocols to convey active or live status.

Abstract: A method, apparatus, and computer-readable storage medium for processing shared risk group (SRG) information in communications networks are disclosed. The method includes receiving network information comprising SRG information from a second domain at a first domain, obtaining at least one SRG identifier by processing the SRG information, and processing the at least one SRG identifier, the processing using processing criteria. The apparatus includes a network interface adapted to receive network information comprising shared risk group information, a processor coupled to the network interface and configured to execute one or more processes, and a memory coupled to the processor and adapted to obtain at least one SRG identifier by processing the SRG information and to process the at least one SRG identifier using processing criteria. The computer-readable storage medium is configured to store program instructions that when executed are configured to cause the processor to perform the method.

Abstract: Methods and systems for an integrated solution to flow collection for determination of rate-based DoS attacks targeting ISP infrastructure are provided. According to one embodiment, a method of mitigating DDoS attacks is provided. Information regarding at least one destination within a network for which a distributed denial of service (DDoS) attack status is to be monitored is received by a DDoS attack detection module coupled with a flow controller via a bus. The DDoS attack status is determined for the at least one destination based on the information regarding the at least one destination. When a DDoS attack is detected the flow controller is notified of the DDoS attack status for the at least one destination by the DDoS attack detection module. Responsive thereto, the flow controller directs a route reflector to divert traffic destined for the at least one destination to a DDoS attack mitigation appliance within the network.

Abstract: In one embodiment, an ingress network virtualization edge (NVE) in a computer network generates an echo packet, and sets an indication in the echo packet that the echo packet is for overlay path validation. In addition, the ingress NVE sets a message type of the echo packet to a generic echo request, and includes virtualization network (VN) context information within the echo packet. Once setting a destination address of the echo packet as an egress NVE address and including an indication to the egress NVE that the echo packet is an operations, administration, and management (OAM) message, the ingress NVE may then send the echo packet toward the egress NVE (e.g., to validate the VN context information and/or to reveal multipath traces).

Abstract: The disclosure includes an apparatus comprising: a path computation element (PCE) comprising a processor configured to: receive a path computation element protocol (PCEP) path computation request from a path computation client (PCC), wherein the path computation request comprises an impairment validation request that directs the PCE to perform an impairment validation of a network path; after receiving the path computation request, compute a network path; and perform an impairment validation of the network path specified by the impairment validation request. In another embodiment, the disclosure includes a method comprising: sending, by a PCC a PCEP path computation request to a PCE, wherein the request directs the PCE to perform routing and wavelength assignment (RWA) and a first impairment validation of a network path, wherein the request comprises a type of signal quality of the network path which indicates the first type of impairment validation to be performed.

Abstract: A method is provided to measure an overall image quality score for a remote desktop on a first computer and accessed from a second computer. The method includes playing a video timestamp on the remote desktop at the first computer where the video timestamp includes unique timestamps, screen capturing first computer frames of the remote desktop at the first computer and second computer frames of the remote desktop at the second computer at the same time, determining a frame image quality score for each second computer frame by comparing the client screen to a corresponding baseline first computer frame, and determining the overall image quality score for the remote desktop from frame image quality scores of the second computer frames.

Abstract: A method implemented for a link aggregation group is disclosed. The link aggregation group contains a local interface and a remote interface. The local interface is a logical interface formed by a plurality of network elements including a local network element and a peer network element. The local network element communicates with the peer network element through an inter-peer link. The method starts with determining that the local network element is active by checking that an aggregate state of the links coupled to the local network element is active. The method continues with detecting an anomaly of the active links and sending a notification to the peer network element about the anomaly. Then method continues with receiving an activation confirmation that the peer network element is ready for switching and switching traffic from the active links to the inter-peer link in response to receiving the activation confirmation.

Abstract: A method for setting up a video communication session via an Internet Protocol (IP) network between a first correspondent and a second correspondent, the method having the steps of: the first correspondent placing a call through a public switched telephone network (PSTN) to the second correspondent to establish a PSTN communication session; the first correspondent sending a compatibility request via in-band signals to determine compatibility with the first correspondent for video communication; prompting the second correspondent to accept or decline an invitation for the video communication session; exchanging setup information via the PSTN for setting up the video communication session when the second correspondent accepts the invitation, the setup information comprising attributes of each of the correspondents; and setting up the video communication session via the IP network and terminating the PSTN communication session.

Abstract: In an embodiment of a wireless network, when a node joins the network and receives a routing advertisement, such a node transmits the routing advertisement to all its neighbors. The node then receives transmission from the neighboring nodes indicating interest in joining the advertised network. If more than a threshold number of neighboring nodes are interested in the advertised route, the newly joining node inserts the route advertisement in a beacon transmission. If there is not a threshold level of interest, the node unicasts only to the neighbors who indicated interest in the advertised network. In an embodiment, the node repeats the above steps on a predetermined time basis (e.g., one per day) in order to determine interest in the advertised route that may have newly arisen.

Abstract: Methods, systems, and computer readable media for selectively processing packets using time to live (TTL) information are disclosed. A method for selectively processing packets using TTL information includes receiving, at a test system, a test packet from a device under test (DUT), wherein the test packet includes a TTL parameter field containing a TTL value. The method further includes determining if the TTL value in the test packet is a magic TTL value and performing a processing task on the test packet if the test packet includes the magic TTL value.

Abstract: Embodiments of the present invention provide a method and a label forwarding router for initiating an LDP session connection. The method includes: using an address of a first transport address family of a local device as a connection address, and starting an LDP session setup procedure for the local device and a peer device according to the address; setting a random time value in the procedure; determining that current time reaches the random time value and that the LDP session setup fails; and selecting an address of a second transport address family as a new connection address, and starting a new LDP session setup procedure according to the new address. The present invention can implement normal initiation of an LDP session connection.

Abstract: A method and system establishes a peer-to-peer (P2P) communication session between user equipments (UEs) under control of a network. A proximity services (ProSe) server associated with a first controlling network receives from a first UE a communication request message indicating that at least one other UE is in close proximity with the first UE. Based on the close proximity between the UEs, the server establishes a P2P group which includes the first UE and at least one other UE. In addition, the server identifies respective P2P Internet Protocol (IP) addresses for the UEs within the established P2P group. The server then instructs the UEs to communicate within the established P2P group using respective P2P IP addresses. Following receipt of a response indicating acceptance by a second UE of an instruction to communicate within the established P2P group using a corresponding P2P IP address, the server establishes the communication session.

Abstract: A network device and network device recognition method are provided. The method includes: receiving a Continuity Check Message (CCM) by a local Maintenance Association End Point (MEP); determining whether the CCM is transmitted from an unknown remote MEP; setting the unknown remote MEP to a dynamic MEP if the CCM is transmitted from the unknown remote MEP; and recording the dynamic MEP and the receiving count of the CCM corresponding to the dynamic MEP in a storage unit.

Abstract: Through the use of a least squares minimization concept, the loop length, the number of bridged taps and length of the bridged taps on a transmission line can be determined from readily available modem data. In particular, the loop length, the number of bridge taps and the length of bridged taps can be estimated by comparing a measured frequency domain channel impulse response of the transmission line to a model of a loop that is comprised of multiple sections and multiple bridge taps.

Abstract: Flow control can be performed for every piece of end-to-end traffic. A transmission device includes a reception buffer which temporarily accumulates received transmission unit data, a signal generation section configured to generate a control signal for instructing to stop transmission of transmission unit data by designating another transmission device serving as an end point of a transmission side for traffic of the transmission unit data to be received by its own device as a transmission destination when an amount of accumulation in the reception buffer has exceeded a predetermined upper-limit threshold value, and a transmission section configured to transmit the control signal.

Abstract: Methods and systems for implementing self-testing of packet-processing devices are disclosed. For example, a packet-processing device includes a plurality of ports each having a receive media access controller (RX MAC) and a transmit media access controller (TX MAC), and a switching engine that includes a traffic control table coupled to the plurality of ports. The traffic control table is configured to: provide one or more first test packets to a first port, and enable the first port to perform a packet storming operation so as to create a stream of repeated first packets that are transmitted from the first port to one or more selected second ports.

Abstract: A User Equipment (UE) configured for multi-group communications is described. The UE includes a processor and instructions stored in memory that is in electronic communication with the processor. The UE detects a plurality of cells. The UE also determines to use multiple groups of one or more cells. The UE further determines a primary secondary cell (PSCell) for a non-primary cell (non-PCell) group based on UE-specific radio resource control (RRC) signaling. The UE additionally receives information using the multiple groups.

Abstract: The present invention relates to methods for indicating a bonding configuration mismatch of lines of bonding groups. The methods are performed in different nodes of a communications network. Said method comprises sending a Bonding Configuration Value via one line of the bonding group of lines, said Bonding Configuration Value being unique for said bonding group, and receiving a Bonding Configuration Value via each of the lines of the bonding group. It further comprises checking each received Bonding Configuration Value for diverging values. If a diverging Bonding Configuration Value is identified, an alarm message is generated and sent to Element Manager of the communications network.

Abstract: Embodiments of the present invention described herein, discloses a method and a system for segment protection system in an Ethernet communication network. In one embodiment herein, a ‘periodic integrity check’ message frame being created at the source-node and is multicasted to the destination-node directly and via the peer node(s) within a segment protection domain. A ?1 receiver is configured at the destination-node for receiving the multicasted message frames. The ?1 receiver ‘selects’ only single message frame from the multicasted message frames being received at all maintenance points, for maintaining at least one fault-less path between the source-node and the destination-node.

Abstract: Disclosed is a method and system allowing for network-wide synchronization of performance tests. The system consists of network collection devices or test probes and a central management system with pre-configured data structures, a test trigger mechanism and control algorithm for providing a precise control of traffic load and network-wide coordination of executing performance tests. In addition, multiple test patterns can be selected and customized for the specific needs and constraints of different types of networks to form the basis of scheduling performance tests to optimize the performance testing efficiency.

Abstract: A method for detecting errors on an audio/video (A/V) data stream in a data service network includes providing multicast components operably coupled to each other via respective links for transmitting the A/V data stream to a user and for defining at least one multicast tree. The method further includes generating a state information signal indicative of a number of errors on the A/V data stream for at least one of the links and at least one of the plurality of multicast components. The method further includes determining the cumulative number of errors on the A/V data stream that are indicative of the number of errors for the at least one of the links and the at least one of the plurality of multicast components in the multicast tree in response to the state information signal.

Abstract: A method and device are provided for synchronizing data transmission of multicasting/broadcasting services (MBS) by a plurality of Base Stations. Meanwhile, each of the Base Stations receives the MBS data to be transmitted and determines whether any of the MBS data has not been properly received. If so, the respective Base Station may initiate a process to recover the missing MBS data and/or to obtain information regarding the missing data to determine the duration of the time period that would have been required for transmitting the missing MBS. If the missing data has not been timely recovered, the respective Base Station determines a starting point and the duration of a silence period based on the information obtained, and refrains from transmitting signals along a communication channel allocated for transmission of MBS data, during that silence period.

Abstract: Methods, apparatus, and articles of manufacture are disclosed to sample signed weighted updates. Example methods disclosed herein include identifying a first key associated with a data update obtained by sampling a stream of data received from a plurality of nodes in a network, the first key being representative of a first node in the plurality of nodes, adjusting a first value associated with the first key based on a weight associated with the data update, the weight being positive when the data update corresponds to opening of a new data connection with the first node, the weight being negative when the data update corresponds to closing of an existing data connection with the first node, and estimating a status of the first node based on the first value.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method which involves determining a relay terminal in an M2M communication system, and transceiving data to/from a base station or other terminal through the determined relay terminal, and to a method for constructing frames for transceiving data in the M2M communication system. By means of the data-transceiving method, an M2M terminal can transmit/receive a signal to/from a base station or other M2M terminal, and frames of a base station and M2M terminal can be efficiently constructed, wherein said method includes: receiving, by a first terminal of a wireless access system, a first message including a relay operation parameter, which is information that indicates a transmitting or receiving operation, from a base station during a downlink section and/or uplink section within a frame; and transceiving, by the first terminal, data to/from the base station or other terminal on the basis of the received relay operation parameter.

Abstract: Aspects of the present disclosure generally relate to systems and methods for managing and optimizing end-to-end communication sessions involving the delivery of application data (e.g., audio data, audio/video data, electronic file download data, etc.) over third party networks using an optimized communication system (OCS), as described herein. Embodiments of the disclosed system enable optimal quality (e.g., reduced delay, packet loss, jitter, etc.) of communication sessions. In one example, the system provides a real-time or close to real-time evaluation of network conditions, e.g., network congestion, nodes best-suited for application data transfer, etc., and other factors associated with geographically diverse and unpredictable routing infrastructure characteristics of the Internet to enable optimized communication sessions.

Abstract: Methods, systems, and computer readable media for distributing Diameter network management information are disclosed. According to one method, a first Diameter node obtains Diameter network management subscription information. The first Diameter node obtains Diameter network management information. The first Diameter node determines, using the Diameter network management subscription information, whether at least one second Diameter node is subscribed to receive the obtained Diameter network management information. In response to determining that the at least one second Diameter node is subscribed to receive the obtained network management information, the first Diameter node sends the obtained Diameter network management information to the at least one second Diameter node.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is a method of selecting a relay node in a mobile ad-hoc network. The relay node selection method includes updating a neighbor node list based on messages received from one or more other nodes, and selecting a 1-hop neighbor node having a highest Multi-Point Relay (MPR) selector counter (MSC) value, from among one or more 1-hop neighbor nodes included in the updated neighbor node list, as an MPR node. Therefore, the present invention can prevent unnecessary channel competition and conflicts between nodes and improve network performance.

Abstract: In one embodiment, a network server layer provides disjoint channels in response to client-layer disjoint path requests. For example, the network layer can be an optical network, and the client layer may be a packet switching layer (e.g., label switching, Internet Protocol). In one embodiment, a server-layer node receives a client-layer disjoint path request to provide a server-layer channel through a server-layer network. The client-layer disjoint path request includes an identifier corresponding to an existing client-layer path that traverses a current channel through the server-layer network that does not include the server-layer node. The server-layer network determines a particular channel through the server-layer network that is disjoint to the current channel based on route information of the current channel, and then signaling is performed within the server-layer network to establish the particular channel.

Abstract: Provided are a detection method and device for link keep-alive between an Access Controller (AC) and an Access Point (AP). The method includes: setting a maximum permissible heartbeat keep-alive failure number; and performing link keep-alive detection between the AC and the AP based on the maximum permissible heartbeat keep-alive failure number by virtue of a heartbeat message or message retransmission. By the solution, a maximum permissible heartbeat keep-alive failure number is set, and a maximum retransmission interval is set for link keep-alive detection between the AC and the AP based on the maximum permissible heartbeat keep-alive failure number and a heartbeat keep-alive period, so that the problem that the AP frequently gets offline and frequently re-accesses the AC due to link quality reduction to seriously impact user experiences can be effectively solved.

Abstract: Presented herein are techniques for using uplink transmissions from devices (e.g., wireless tags, clients, etc.) to determine a path loss between neighboring access points. In one example, a wireless controller obtains receive signal strength information of uplink transmissions received at neighboring access points in a wireless network. The wireless controller determines an effective path loss between the neighboring access points based on the receive signal strength information for the uplink transmissions received at the neighboring access points. The wireless controller also performs radio resource management operations in the wireless network using the effective path loss determined based on the uplink transmissions received at the neighboring access points.

Abstract: A method of detecting proximity between a media proxy and a client uses a proximity probe to query a plurality of media proxies, forcing the media proxies to respond to a proximity server. The proximity server uses an algorithm to determine which media proxy is closest to the client based on the responses. In an alternate embodiment, the same sorts of proximity probes may be used to determine if two media endpoints have a direct connection such that they may bypass a media proxy.

Abstract: An example method transmits a path message to an egress node, via intermediate nodes, that configures OAM monitoring of an entire connection between an ingress node and the egress node and also configures OAM monitoring of at least one segment of the connection shorter than the entire connection by at least one intermediate node. The path message comprises a LSP attributes object and an ERO. The LSP object comprises technology-specific attributes defining descriptors for configuring the egress node in accordance with a communication protocol utilized for the connection; and technology-independent OAM parameters that, irrespective of the communication protocol, define an OAM type to be used by the egress node, and define desired monitoring actions for the egress node to perform. The ERO comprises a respective HOP Attributes sub-object for configuring each of the at least one intermediate nodes.

Abstract: A method of dynamically invoking a simultaneous ring feature in a telecommunications network includes: identifying a call directed to an address of an end user device (30); notifying user equipment (20) other than the end user device (30) of the identified call; and, receiving an indication from the user equipment (20) whether or not the simultaneous ring feature should be invoked so as to establish a call leg to the user equipment (20).

Abstract: A controller may control switches such as physical and software switches in a network. The controller may generate virtual switches from groups of end hosts in forming a virtual network topology. The controller may receive one or more network policy rules that govern network traffic through the switches. For a given network policy rule, the controller may perform a test in determining whether the network satisfies the network policy rule. The test may be performed based on a testing rule identifying test parameters and expected test results. The controller may perform tests in determining whether the network satisfies the testing rule and the corresponding network policy rule. The tests may be performed via simulation at the controller or by injecting a tagged test packet into the network.

Abstract: A SAS expander including a switch core and a plurality of SAS expander phys coupled to the switch core, where at least two of the SAS expander phys are SAS expander multimode phys. In an embodiment, the SAS expander multimode phys include at least a normal operational mode and an alternate operational mode. In another embodiment, the SAS expander multimode phys also include a second alternate operational mode.

Abstract: Serial networking dedicated fiber optic inflight entertainment (IFE) systems, methods therefor and components thereof, that exhibit improved configuration and failover attributes through implementation of novel network configuration protocols. In some aspects of the invention, such an IFE system comprises a plurality of head end line replaceable units (HE-LRUs) and a plurality of serial networking line replaceable units (SN-LRUs), wherein each of the SN-LRUs individually detects that a closed system network has been formed between the plurality of HE-LRUs and the plurality of SN-LRUs based on a plurality of packets sourced by at least one of the HE-LRUs and received on a plurality of ports of each of the SN-LRUs, and wherein in response to detecting that the closed system network has been formed one of the SN-LRUs blocks one of its ports based on further detecting that the SN-LRU is a middle SN-LRU.

Abstract: A method implemented in a network component for an in-service software upgrade (ISSU), the method comprising selecting a forwarding core (FC) for upgrade from a plurality of FCs that run at a data plane on a printed circuit board of the network component to process and forward a plurality of packets, and resetting the selected FC with a software upgrade, wherein at least one of the other FCs continues processing and forwarding packets when the selected FC is upgraded.

Abstract: A method of providing security for network access radio systems and associated access radio security systems used with the systems. The method includes connecting an access radio having a radio link to a network; communicating between the access radio and a computer over the network using a ping application having ping commands and unique encrypted codes; and enabling operation of the access radio when the access radio is receiving ping commands. Typically, the access radio and the computer are nodes on the network and the network is a local area network (LAN). The ping application sends packets of information from the computer to the access radio and receives a response from the access radio. The ping application must be functioning (i.e., sending and receiving commands between the computer and the access radio) to enable the access radio to communicate via the radio link with a remote network.

Abstract: Systems, methods and non-transitory computer-readable storage media for determining interconnectivity in dense networks. The method includes generating, at a first network device in a data network, a traceroute packet that includes source and destination address information. The packet is encapsulated in an outer packet, and the encapsulated packet is forwarded to a second network device and to one or more intermediate network devices in the data network. A response packet is received from the second network device and each of the intermediate network devices that received the traceroute packet. The first network device determines, based on the responsive packets, an end-to-end path taken by the traceroute packet through the data network.