Abstract: A network device may be configured to identify a first configuration data structure included in the network device and may be configured to obtain a data package associated with an ISSU procedure that includes a second configuration data structure. The network device may be configured to identify, based on the first configuration data structure and the second configuration data structure, one or more configuration functionalities of the network device that are to not be active during performance of the ISSU procedure. The network device may be configured to cause the one or more configuration functionalities of the network device to be deactivated and to thereafter cause the ISSU procedure to be performed. The network device may be configured to cause, after causing the ISSU procedure to be performed, the one or more configuration functionalities of the network device to be activated.

Abstract: Various examples are provided related to automated chip design, such as a pareto-optimization framework for automated network-on-chip design. In one example, a method for network-on-chip (NoC) design includes determining network performance for a defined NoC configuration comprising a plurality of n routers interconnected through a plurality of intermediate links; comparing the network performance of the defined NoC configuration to at least one performance objective; and determining, in response to the comparison, a revised NoC configuration based upon iterative optimization of the at least one performance objective through adjustment of link allocation between the plurality of n routers. In another example, a method comprises determining a revised NoC configuration based upon iterative optimization of at least one performance objective through adjustment of a first number of routers to obtain a second number of routers and through adjustment of link allocation between the second number of routers.

Abstract: Systems, methods, and apparatuses for providing dynamic, prioritized spectrum utilization management. The system includes at least one monitoring sensor, at least one data analysis engine, at least one application, a semantic engine, a programmable rules and policy editor, a tip and cue server, and/or a control panel. The tip and cue server is operable utilize the environmental awareness from the data processed by the at least one data analysis engine in combination with additional information to create actionable data.

Abstract: Methods, systems, and apparatus, including computer programs encoded on computer storage media, for computer network security risk assessment. One of the methods includes obtaining compromise likelihoods for user accounts. Information describing a network topology of a network is obtained, with the network topology being nodes each connected by an edge to other nodes, each node being associated with a compromise likelihood, and one or more nodes are high value nodes associated with a compromise value. Unique paths to each of the high value nodes are determined for a particular user account. An expected value for each path is determined based on the compromise likelihood of the particular user account, the compromise likelihood of each node included in the path, the communication weight of each edge included in the path, and the compromise value associated with the high value node. User interface data is generated describing at least one path.

Abstract: Systems and techniques for performing multicast-reduction operations. In at least one embodiment, a network device receives first network data associated with a multicast operation to be collectively performed by at least a plurality of endpoints. The network device reserves resources to process second network data to be received from the endpoints, and sends the first network data to a plurality of additional network devices. The network device receives the second network data, and processes the second network data using the reserved resources.

Abstract: A network access device, such as an extender or a multi-AP device, includes one or more backhaul stations providing one of a wireless backhaul connection and a wired backhaul connection to communicate with a root device, one or more of Fronthaul Basic Service Set (fBSS) radios initially configured in a downstate, a memory storing computer-readable instructions and includes a factory default or non-operative country code, and a processor configured to execute the computer-readable instructions to initiate an onboarding process through the root device using the one or more backhaul stations, during the onboarding process, receive a country code in a predetermined type of message, store the country code received in the predetermined type of message in the memory, and configure the one or more fBSS radios using the country code received in the predetermined type of message.

Abstract: Network fabric design and analysis is generally a manual process where the wiring diagram is manually created and analyzed. Because of the complexity of modern network fabric designs, it has become increasingly more difficult to manually detect potential issues with a network fabric design. Accordingly, embodiments herein help automate the analysis of network fabric designs. In one or more embodiments, a trained neural network model or network models receive as input a wiring diagram and analyzes it. In one or more embodiments, the trained model may generate a real-valued score that represents the quality of the design. In one or more embodiments, the trained neural network may classify a particular issue or issues of the network fabric design.

Abstract: A system and method for creating a secure overlay network on top of the public Internet, optionally by creating an identity-based network in which user identities are the identifiers rather than IP addresses, and whereas only authenticated and authorized users whose identity has been established have visibility and access to the network; establishing fully encrypted and private network segments; providing superior performance through improved protocols and routing; and implementing a decentralized topology that allows any two nodes on it to communicate regardless of each node's location or network settings—as if the two nodes are on the same local area network.

Abstract: A method for managing resources of a converged fixed access and mobile radio telecommunications network, some of the resources being implemented in a virtualized and remote form in the network, optical resources of the network being allocated between an optical router and a plurality of optical modems of the network is disclosed. A module for centralized management of the mobile radio resources of the network implements receiving a performance indicator for a mobile radio part of the network transmitted by a base station of the network connected to one of the optical modems and/or by a module of remote virtualized radio functions in the network; estimating the optical resource requirements of the mobile radio part from the performance indicator, providing information representative of the optical resource requirements; and transmitting the information of the optical resource requirements to a module for centralized management of the fixed access and optical resources.

Abstract: A neural network system is configured to receive an input image and to generate a classification output for the input image. The neural network system includes: a separable convolution subnetwork comprising a plurality of separable convolutional neural network layers arranged in a stack one after the other, in which each separable convolutional neural network layer is configured to: separately apply both a depthwise convolution and a pointwise convolution during processing of an input to the separable convolutional neural network layer to generate a layer output.

Abstract: Generally, systems and methods for securely establishing data transfer, storage, and execution are presented. The system may comprise a computing device that comprises at least one programmable integrated circuit. The programmable integrated circuit may comprise multiple independently loadable partitioned segments. A first partitioned segment of the programmable integrated circuit may comprise one or more factory-installed secrets in the form of data, wherein the factory-installed secrets may be configured to convert data from an untranslated state to a translated state, and vice versa. A second partitioned segment may comprise storage-at-rest data for at least one authenticable user of the computing device. The computing device may comprise at least one storage medium that comprises data, including data comprising one or more boot instructions for the computing device, that may be in an untranslated state.

Abstract: Embodiments of the present disclosure relate to software-defined networks, and particularly, but not exclusively to programmable packet data processing systems, methods and computer readable products for use therein.

Abstract: The present disclosure is directed to an input/output module.

Abstract: The present disclosure generally relates to apparatus, software and methods for predicting future network traffic. The disclosed apparatus, software and methods alleviate congestion and/or increase overall traffic flow by providing methods for reallocating future idle capacity.

Abstract: A system information updating method, a user equipment and a base station are provided, the method including: receiving, by the wake-up radio (WUR) interface of the user equipment, a wake-up signal sent by the base station, where the wake-up signal is used to wake up a main radio interface of the user equipment and instruct the main radio interface of the user equipment to receive updated system information, the wake-up signal includes system information (SI) update transmission control information, and the SI update transmission control information includes information required for receiving the updated system information; waking up, by the WUR interface of the user equipment, the main radio interface of the user equipment; and receiving, by the user equipment according to the SI update transmission control information through the woken-up main radio interface, the updated system information sent by the base station.

Abstract: Embodiments of the present disclosure provide a system and a method for designing and developing an Application Programming Interface (API). The method includes receiving selection of one or more data objects of a relational structure corresponding to an API from a user through a User Interface (UI), and generating a selected response data structure comprising each of the one or more data objects. The method further include receiving a selection of one or more data object filters corresponding to the selection of the one or more data objects, from the user via the UI, and receiving a user request for the API, via the UI, corresponding to the data object of the one or more data objects. The method further include displaying API response data based on the user request, via the UI.

Abstract: Systems and methods are described for bootstrapping an application with metadata specified in a template. The template specifies a stack of resources that will be used to execute an application and also includes a set of metadata for customizing the resources and the application. When the system receives the template, it instantiates a compute node which will execute the application. The compute node may contain at least one initialization script for bootstrapping the application with the metadata contained in the template. This functionality allows users to bootstrap the application running on the compute node with data from within the template that was used to create the stack of resources for executing the application. In this manner, metadata, configuration files, package names and versions can be passed by the application owner to the remote compute node.

Abstract: In one embodiment, a method comprises identifying, by a path computation element, essential parent devices from a nonstoring destination oriented directed acyclic graph (DODAG) topology as dominating set members belonging to a dominating set; receiving, by the path computation element, an advertisement message specifying a first dominating set member having reachability to a second dominating set member, the reachability distinct from the nonstoring DODAG topology; and generating, by the path computation element based on the advertisement message, an optimized path for reaching a destination network device in the nonstoring DODAG topology via a selected sequence of dominating set members, the optimized path providing cut-through optimization across the nonstoring DODAG topology.

Abstract: A method including communicating, by a first device with a second device, data over a meshnet connection in a mesh network; selectively transmitting, by the first device in the mesh network, a request to determine a communication parameter associated with the first device, the selectively transmitting including refraining from transmitting the request based at least in part on determining that a condition associated with transmitting the request is satisfied. Various other aspects are contemplated.

Abstract: One embodiment of the present invention provides a system for facilitating layer-2 subnet extension. During operation, the system can query, from a first administrative domain, a remote database of a second administrative domain for configuration information associated with one or more remote network segments. The system can obtain, from a user interface of the first administrative domain, an instruction for performing layer-2 subnet extension from a first network segment under the first administrative domain to a second network segment of the one or more remote network segments for providing a common layer-2 broadcast domain. The system can then send a remote instruction executable in the second administrative domain for configuring a remote endpoint for the extension. The system can also configure a local endpoint in the first network segment for the extension. Subsequently, the system can establish a data connection between the local and remote endpoints for the extension.

Abstract: Aspects of the disclosure provide for a computer program product comprising computer executable instructions. The instructions are executable by a controller of a network device to cause the controller to analyze data transmitted by the network device via a network for a programmed amount of time, determine a data transmission pattern based on the analysis, determine, based on the transmission pattern, a volume of expected data transmission during a period of time, and determine whether to transmit additional data based on a relationship between the volume of expected data transmission during the period of time and a bandwidth allocation of the network device during the period of time.

Abstract: A control system is configured to facilitate transfer of a package between a room in a building and a delivery service outside the room associated with a shipment order. The system controls a shiftable panel of the building to selectively provide a path into and out of the room. The system includes a location sensor and a system processor. The location sensor is configured to sense package location data associated with the location of the package relative to the panel.

Abstract: The method includes that, in response to a device-to-device (D2D) communication connection being established between a smart home device and a terminal, the terminal receives access requirement information sent by the smart home device. Further, the terminal determines a target base station based on the access requirement information and sends access information for accessing the target base station to the smart home device. The smart home device initiates random access to the target base station based on the access information, such that the smart home device accesses a cellular mobile network.

Abstract: A method including determining, by a first device in communication with a second device in a mesh network, an access policy associated with processing internet protocol (IP) packets received from the second device in the mesh network; determining, by the first device in the mesh network, that an IP packet is received from the second device over a meshnet connection between the first device and the second device; and processing, by the first device in the mesh network, the IP packet received from the second device in accordance with the access policy based at least in part on determining that the IP packet is received from the second device. Various other aspects are contemplated.

Abstract: An electronic device comprises a display, a memory, a wireless communication circuit supporting a Wi-Fi Direct protocol, and a processor operatively connected to the display, the memory, and the wireless communication circuit, wherein the processor may be configured to create, through the wireless communication circuit, a first group on the basis of a first channel attribute with an external electronic device, the first channel attribute including at least one of a frequency band or a bandwidth, detect an occurrence of an event associated with a power save, transmit, through the wireless communication circuit, a first request message to the external electronic device that requests to change the first channel attribute to a second channel attribute at least partially different from the first channel attribute, receive, through the wireless communication circuit, a first response message from the external electronic device, store profiles of the first group in the memory, and create a second group on the basis

Abstract: A wireless sensor network (WSN) clustering routing method based on optimization with salp swarm algorithm includes: S1: constructing an objective function by comprehensively considering factors as follows: node residual energy, a distance between cluster head nodes, a distance between a cluster member node and a cluster head node, a distance from a node to a base station, and a number of cluster head nodes; S2: solving the objective function by using a salp swarm algorithm, to find an optimal clustering scheme, and thus dividing the WSN into non-uniform clusters, wherein in each cluster, the cluster member node sends data to the cluster head node in a single-hop manner; S3: constructing a minimum spanning tree with the base station as a root node by using a routing utility function ƒ(CHi); S4: sending, by the cluster head node, data to the base station through routing organized by the minimum spanning tree.

Abstract: Techniques are provided for ad-hoc authenticated group discovery and data sharing in a mesh network. A group of devices is created without leaving a security gap due to the open communication needed to establish the discovery of the devices forming the group. The group can be authenticated autonomously following network discovery of the devices. Instead of requiring global pre-assigned keys for authentication, the devices in the group are authenticated with signatures and certificate passing thereby providing strong security. The efficiency of data sharing between the devices of the network, such as a mesh network, can also be increased. One or more devices may act as a bridge device between devices of a same group that are not in direct wireless communication with each other to reduce re-broadcasts within the mesh network.

Abstract: Methods, systems, and devices for wireless communications are described. A relay node may receive, from a source node, control signaling configuring the relay node to receive a transport block via a first air interface and to forward the transport block to a target node via a second air interface that is different than the first air interface. In some cases, each of the first air interface and the second air interface may support a same size transport block. The relay node may receive, from the source node via the first air interface, a first message including the transport block in a format of the first air interface based on the control signaling. The relay node may transmit, via the second air interface to the target node, a second message including the transport block and an indication that the transport block is in the format of the first air interface.

Abstract: A network management device determines at least one of that an individual error occurs in a target terminal device when a difference between (i) a response time for the target terminal device and (ii) an average response time that is an average value of the response time for each of two or more terminal devices belonging to a group to which the target terminal device belongs is larger than a first predetermined value, and that a group error occurs in a target group when a difference between (i) a current average response time that is an average value of the response time and (ii) a previous average response time that is an average value of a previous response time for two or more terminal devices belonging to the target group is larger than a second predetermined value, the previous response time being immediately prior to the response time.

Abstract: A system for tracking assets at a location includes an infrastructure node associated with a tracking system located at the location comprising a wireless communication device configured to wirelessly communicate with other wireless nodes of the tracking system and a plurality of wireless tracking devices, according to some embodiments. The infrastructure node is associated with the location, and each of the wireless tracking devices of the plurality of wireless tracking devices is associated with an asset being tracked by the tracking system. In embodiments, the infrastructure node is used to collect data from the wireless tracking devices, relay the data to client devices, and detect unauthorized removal or addition of assets to the location.

Abstract: A method including determining, by a first device in communication with a second device in a mesh network, an access policy associated with processing communications received from the second device; processing, by the first device based at least in part on the access policy, a first communication received from the second device over an exclusive meshnet connection between the first device and the second device; determining, by the first device, a change in the access policy associated with processing communications received from the second device; processing, by the first device based at least in part on the change in the access policy, a second communication received from the second device in real-time; and transmitting, by the first device to the second device, access policy information indicating the change in the access policy to the second device over the exclusive meshnet connection or via a relay server.

Abstract: The present disclosure is directed to adaptive networking policy with user defined fields and includes one or more processors and one or more computer-readable non-transitory storage media coupled to the one or more processors and comprising instructions that, when executed by the one or more processors, cause one or more components to perform operations including generating a user defined attribute (UDA) value corresponding to a set of attributes; receiving, at a network device, a packet having one or more packet conditions; determining that the one or more packet conditions of the packet match the set of attributes of the UDA value; assigning a UDA tag to the packet, wherein the UDA tag corresponds to the UDA value and is configured for chaining with one or more other UDA tags; and taking an action on the packet based on the UDA tag.

Abstract: A first wireless node transmits a control signal to be propagated to each of a plurality of wireless links linked up between a plurality of wireless nodes that forms a backhaul network. Each of second wireless nodes that is different from the first wireless node selects, for a transmission route of a data signal, a wireless link corresponding to one of different routes in an upstream direction toward the first wireless node among the linked up wireless links, based on an indicator indicative of a radio wave propagation quality of one or more wireless links through which a plurality of the control signals received from different routes are propagated.

Abstract: A shipping system is configured to facilitate transfer of a package into and/or out of a room in a building. The shipping system is for controlling a shiftable panel of the building to selectively provide a path into and out of the room. The shipping system includes a control system. The control system broadly includes a vehicle sensor and a system processor. The system processor is configured to receive package identification data associated with the package, have the panel opened to allow room ingress and egress along the path based on the package identification data, move an autonomous vehicle to a location adjacent the panel to facilitate package transfer, based on vehicle location data, and have the panel closed to restrict room ingress and egress along the path in response to a determination that the package has been transferred into or out of the room via the path.

Abstract: A method (100) for routing packets in a communication network (10) having a variable and predictable topology. The network includes a plurality of nodes, and each node can be connected, at least temporarily, to one or more other nodes in the network. The packets are transmitted from a source node (21) to a destination node (23). An orchestration entity (25) determines (101) a plurality of temporary paths (31) between the source node and the destination node for several successive time periods (Pi), the existence of a temporary path being guaranteed for the time period with which it is associated. The orchestration entity (25) generates (102) a table (T) of label stacks (LSi), in which table each label stack corresponds to the temporary path defined for one of the successive time periods, and each label (Lj, i) corresponds to a node of the temporary path.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to a pre-5th-Generation (5G) or 5G communication system to be provided for supporting higher data rates Beyond 4th-Generation (4G) communication system such as a Long Term Evolution (LTE). The various embodiments of the present invention disclose a method and system for enabling device-to-device (D2D) discovery message transmission in a wireless communication network. The method comprises of identifying, by a D2D communication user equipment (UE), one or more carriers for transmission of one or more D2D discovery messages, determining, one or more discovery resources for transmission of one or more D2D discovery messages on the one or more identified carriers and transmitting the one or more D2D discovery messages on the one or more identified carriers.

Abstract: Embodiments of the present invention provide a system for authorizing entity users based on augmented reality and LiDAR technology. In particular, the system may be configured to determine that a user has accessed an entity application provided by an entity via a user device, receive a unique identifier from the user device of the user, via the entity application, where the unique identifier is scanned using LiDAR technology present in the user device of the user, determine location of the user based on the unique identifier, determine an entity device associated with the unique identifier and location of the user, perform authentication of the user using at least one authentication method, determine that the authentication is successful, and in response to determining that the authentication is successful, provide access to an entity device.

Abstract: A first network device may receive a flow of unicast packets with a loop prevention bit set. The flow of unicast packets may be received from a second network device associated with a non-operational link provided between the second network device and a destination device. The second network device may be a peer of the first network device. The first network device may determine whether a link provided between the first network device and the destination device is operational, and may forgo returning the flow of unicast packets to the second network device when the link provided between the first network device and the destination device is non-operational and based on the loop prevention bit.

Abstract: In one embodiment, a method comprises: determining, by a constrained network device in a low power and lossy network (LLN), a self-estimated density value of neighboring LLN devices based on wirelessly receiving an identified number of beacon message transmissions within an identified time interval from neighboring transmitting LLN devices in the LLN; setting, by the constrained network device, a first wireless transmit power value based on the self-estimated density value; and transmitting a beacon message at the first wireless transmit power value, the beacon message specifying the self-estimated density value, a corresponding trust metric for the self-estimated density value, and the first wireless transmit power value used by the constrained network device for transmitting the beacon message.

Abstract: Methods and systems for monitoring activity on a network. The system may first classify network activity data as being generated by a human actor or an automated process. Then, the system may assign a first behavioral profile to the entity based on the network activity data and detect anomalous activity associated with the entity.

Abstract: A bus interconnection system and a method for detecting bad routing by the same are provided. The bus interconnection system includes a master node, destination nodes, and a first order switch node. The destination nodes include slave nodes, the bus interconnection system assigns an identification symbol to each of the destination nodes, and adds a destination identification symbol to data sent to the slave nodes by the master node through the first order switch node. When the first order switch node receives the data, the first order switch node updates the destination identification symbol of the data according to a payload of the data, and when one of the destination nodes receives the data, the one of the destination nodes determines whether a bad routing occurs by checking whether the destination identification symbol is equal to the identification symbol assigned to the destination node that receives the data.

Abstract: As described herein, a system, method, and computer program are provided for using artificial intelligence for online charging. A request for use of a network service by an entity is identified. Account allowances/balances to which the requested use of the network service can be charged are determined. Insights generated by an artificial intelligence system are accessed, where the insights predict future use of the network service (e.g. that will be charged to each account allowance/balance). A quota size to be requested in association with a select account allowance/balance is determined, based on the request for the use of the network service and the insights. A reservation request to reserve the quota size from the select account allowance/balance is generated. The use of the network service is authorized, when the quota size is reserved from the select account allowance/balance for the use of the network service.

Abstract: A method of operating an access control system including a plurality of access controls each operating as a node including: receiving a node information from one or more nodes of the access control system, the one or more nodes including an origination node and a destination node; determining one or more routes between the origination node and the destination node in response to the node information or a minimum hop distance between the originating node and the head node and a minimum hop distance between any intermediate routing node and the head node; receiving a reroute message indicating a failed node between the destination node and the origination node; and determining an alternate path from the origination node to the destination node around the failed node in response to the one or more routes.

Abstract: Embodiments disclose systems and methods to broadcast a message among virtual DP accelerators (DPAs). In one embodiment, in response to receiving a broadcast instruction from an application via a communication switch, the broadcast instruction designating one or more virtual DP accelerators of a plurality of virtual DP accelerators to receive a broadcast message, a system encrypts the broadcast message based on a broadcast session key for a broadcast communication session. The system determines one or more public keys of one or more security key pairs each associated with one of the designated virtual DP accelerators. The system encrypts a plurality of the broadcast session key based on the determined one or more public keys. The system broadcasts the encrypted broadcast message, and the one or more encrypted broadcast session keys to the virtual DP accelerators.

Abstract: A replacement management apparatus includes a detection unit configured to detect, for both a communication apparatus to be replaced and a communication apparatus for replacement, communication speeds of physical ports used for connection, in units of communication apparatuses that are connection destinations, and a replacement determination unit configured to derive, for both the communication apparatus to be replaced and the communication apparatus for replacement, a communication capacity that is a sum of the communication speeds for each of the communication apparatuses that are connection destinations, and determine, for all of the communication apparatuses that are connection destinations, in a case in which the communication capacity of the communication apparatus for replacement is equal to or greater than the communication capacity of the communication apparatus to be replaced, that the communication apparatus to be replaced is replaceable with the communication apparatus for replacement.

Abstract: A method is disclosed that includes associating an identifying information indicative of an item to be tracked from a first device to a second device. The method also includes assigning a master/slave information indicative of a responsibility that the first device and/or the second device is in charge of tracking the item from the first device to the second device. The method further includes determining a position estimate indicative of a position of the item to be tracked based at least partially on the identifying information and the master/slave information. The first device is directly related to the item to be tracked, and the second device is not directly to the item to be tracked. An apparatus, a tangible computer-readable medium and a system are also disclosed.

Abstract: A method for receiving downlink data by the terminal in a wireless communication system, includes receiving, from a base station, downlink control information for scheduling a short physical downlink shared channel (sPDSCH) on a short physical downlink control channel (sPDCCH), and receiving, from the base station, downlink data on the sPDSCH based on the downlink control information. Here, the sPDCCH and the sPDSCH are based on a first transmission time interval (TTI)-based radio frame structure, wherein the first TTI-based radio frame structure is shorter in time than a second TTI-based radio frame structure related to (i) a physical downlink shared channel (PDSCH) and (ii) a physical downlink control channel (PDCCH). Further, a number of resource element groups (REGs) consisting of a control channel element (CCE) related to the sPDCCH is smaller than a number of resource element groups (REGs) composed of a CCE related to the PDCCH.

Abstract: An example method includes, in response to receiving a gateway heartbeat message from a lighting system non-connected gateway RF node, incrementing a gateway heartbeat counter. In response to receiving a repeater RF node heartbeat message from a network RF node of lighting system non-connected network RF nodes set to a repeater role, incrementing a repeater heartbeat counter. In response to a cycle time exceeding a cycle time timeout, the gateway heartbeat counter not exceeding a gateway heartbeat threshold, and the repeater heartbeat counter exceeding a repeater heartbeat threshold, selecting a selected network RF node of the RF nodes set to the repeater role. Transmitting, via an extended star wireless network, a registration message to the selected network RF node. In response to transmitting the registration message and having a network RF node role state set to an unconnected role, setting the network RF node role state to a connected role.

Abstract: Provided are an electronic device and a method for controlling the electronic device.

Abstract: Systems for managing access to an autonomous vehicle includes an autonomous vehicle including a plurality of storage compartments, wherein each of the plurality of storage compartments comprises a locking mechanism and at least one processor to receive data associated with an item to be positioned in a storage compartment of the plurality of storage compartments, determine that one of the plurality of storage compartments has storage capacity for the item, designate one of the plurality of storage compartments for storage of the item, activate the locking mechanism of the designated storage compartment to lock the designated storage compartment after the item is positioned in the designated storage compartment, and activate the locking mechanism of the designated storage compartment to unlock the designated storage compartment to allow removal of the item from the designated storage compartment. Methods, computer program products, and autonomous vehicles are also disclosed.