Abstract: A method of enabling a publisher mesh node to update a number of hops that is to be used for communication between said publisher mesh node and a subscriber mesh node in a wireless mesh network, wherein said method comprises the steps of periodically receiving, by said subscriber mesh node, broadcasted messages from said publisher mesh node, wherein said broadcasted messages comprise a number of hops that said broadcasted messages may traverse in said mesh network, determining, by said subscriber mesh node, that one or more periodically broadcasted messages have not been received, transmitting, by said subscriber mesh node in reply to said determination that one or more periodically broadcasted messages have not been received, a probe message to said publisher mesh node, wherein said probe message comprises a number of hops corresponding to a periodically broadcasted message that was received by said subscriber mesh node.

Abstract: A software-implemented method for assisting in handling of connection setup requests in a telecommunications network is disclosed. The method includes intercepting a connection setup request from a user equipment (UE) to a control node of a radio access network part of the telecommunications network, determining whether the connection setup request is to be fulfilled based at least on information regarding resource use within a network access point serving the UE, and passing the connection setup request for further processing within the telecommunications network only upon positive determination.

Abstract: A method and apparatus is provided, where a respective reference signal associated with each of one or more downlink transmit antenna ports in a wireless communication network is received. A value is determined for each of one or more measurable characteristics relative to each of the received reference signals. One or more parameters are received, the parameters including one or more adjustments, where each adjustment is specific to one of the downlink transmit antenna ports and include adjustments in the form of one or more respective offset values to be applied to at least some of the one or more determined values of the measurable characteristics of the received reference signals.

Abstract: Systems, methods and computer software are disclosed for demand-based dynamic carrier scaling. In one embodiment a method is disclosed, comprising: determining, at a gateway supporting dynamically created cells in a wireless network, whether there is a requirement for additional capacity; when there is a requirement for additional capacity, then providing, by the gateway, dynamically created cells as needed to handle the requirement for additional capacity; determining, at the gateway, whether there is a requirement for less capacity; and when there is a requirement for less capacity, then turning off, by the gateway, dynamically created cells as needed to handle the requirement for less capacity.

Abstract: The present application relates to egressing traffic from a public cloud network. An egress traffic manager configures routing at hosts and edge routers within the public cloud network. The egress traffic manager determines, for an edge router, a plurality of current border gateway protocol (BGP) sessions with external networks. The egress traffic manager configures a virtual router hosted on the edge router to route a portion of egress traffic to a selected one of the external networks via one of the BGP sessions. A host is configured to route the portion of egress traffic within the public cloud network to the edge router. An edge router configured to route, by the virtual router, the portion of egress traffic from the edge router to the selected one of the external networks.

Abstract: In one embodiment, a telemetry exporter in a network establishes a tunnel between the telemetry exporter and a traffic analysis service. The telemetry exporter obtains packet copies of a plurality of packets sent between devices via the network. The telemetry exporter forms a set of traffic telemetry data by discarding at least a portion of one or more of the packet copies, based on a filter policy. The telemetry exporter applies compression to the formed set of traffic telemetry data. The telemetry exporter sends, via the tunnel, the compressed set of traffic telemetry data to the traffic analysis service for analysis.

Abstract: when packets are received via any one of the plurality of inflow VRFs provided for respective route patterns, a chaining edge router (10) redirects the packets to a chain VRF corresponding to the inflow VRF. The chaining edge router (10) transfers the packets redirected to the chain VRF to respective functions via a communication path constructed using a VLAN in advance according to a route pattern corresponding to the chain VRF.

Abstract: Network rules established on a device can establish communication protocol between applications running on the device and interfaces connected to the device. For example, a network rule can establish which application(s) can access which interface(s), and when an application is not assigned to an interface, the application is not granted network access to the interface(s). In some instances, interfaces can be aggregated together to create an aggregation (e.g., link aggregation or a bridge aggregation), thus allowing the network rule to use the aggregation for multiple applications. An aggregation, such as a link aggregation, can be established as a shared rule that allows access to the interface by multiple applications. Alternatively, an aggregation, such as a bridge aggregation, can be established as a reserve rule that permits only a particular application, and no other application(s), access to the interface.

Abstract: A method and system for cellular network data storage and forwarding are provided. The method includes receiving storage-and-forward data from an application server, wherein the storage-and-forward data is directed to a device connected in a cellular network, wherein the device operates in at least a sleep state and a wakeup state; caching the received storage-and-forward data in a memory; checking if the device is currently in the wakeup state; and forwarding the cached storage-and-forward data to the device when the device is in the wakeup state.

Abstract: Techniques are disclosed for managing a network. In one example, a device configuration manager is configured to generate, in accordance with a device management protocol, a configuration change request representing a transaction having a first sub-transaction specifying a first configuration change for a network device of the network and a second sub-transaction specifying a second configuration change for the same network device. The device configuration manager is further configured to output the configuration change request to the network device and receive a reply message from the network device. The reply message includes a first response element specifying whether the first configuration change is successfully committed at the network device and a second response element specifying whether the second configuration change is successfully committed at the network device.

Abstract: Embodiments of the invention are directed to a computer system that includes a memory electronically coupled to a processor system. The processor system is operable to perform processor system operations that include accessing a graph model representation of a computer network. The graph model is used to implement a resiliency-problem identification analysis that identifies a set of resiliency problems in the graph model. The graph model is used to apply a resiliency-problem solution analysis to a resiliency problem in the set of resiliency problems to generate a set of resiliency-problem solutions. Each resiliency-problem solution in the set of resiliency-problem solutions is ranked.

Abstract: A method of establishing streams within a QUIC connection implemented by a first network device, comprising: transmitting a first open message through the QUIC connection to a second network device, the first open message identifying a protocol; receiving a second open message through the QUIC connection from the second network device in response to transmitting the first open message, the second open message identifying the protocol; and establishing a first stream between the first network device and the second network device within the QUIC connection for the protocol identified in the first open message and in the second open message.

Abstract: A method for performing monitoring, commissioning, upgrading, analyzing, load balancing, remediating, and optimizing the operation, control, and maintenance of a plurality of remotely located RF signal repeater devices in a wireless network arranged to operate as an Internet of Things (IoT) network. Electronic RF signal repeater devices are employed as elements in the wireless network and communicate wireless radio frequency (RF) signals for a plurality of users. An RF signal repeater device may be arranged to operate as a donor unit device that provides RF signal communication between one or more remotely located wireless base stations, or other donor unit devices on the wireless network. Also, an RF signal repeater device may be arranged to operate as a service unit device that provides wireless RF signal communication between one or more user equipment devices (UEs) and a donor unit device or a wireless base station.

Abstract: Techniques for identity management, and more particularly, to techniques for dynamically assigning membership to users in the system based on dynamic rules. In one aspect a computer-implement method is provided that breaks down the processing from a single large thread or operation into multiple minutest level threads or operations and makes use of event driven architecture used in distributed environments such as a cloud environment, to achieve a scalable model and can work seamlessly for multi-tenant applications. Every sub problem is assigned to a dedicated set of subscribers on a messaging service for processing.

Abstract: Systems and methods for facilitating communicative connection for a user device are disclosed. Based on a request for communicative connection, a communication facilitator identifies a set of candidate communications service providers (CSPs) to match the request, provides information regarding the set of candidate CSPs to the user device, receives an indication of selection, and causes establishment of communicative connection for the user device via a communications service provided by the selected CSP.

Abstract: A method for providing cloud network reachability analysis includes receiving a reachability query requesting a reachability status of a target including a packet header associated with a data packet. The packet header includes a source IP address and a destination IP address. The method also includes generating one or more simulated forwarding paths for the data packet based on the packet header using a data plane model. Each simulated forwarding path includes corresponding network configuration information. The method includes determining the reachability status of the target based on the one or more simulated forwarding paths and providing the determined reachability status and the one or more simulated forwarding paths to a user device associated with the reachability query which causes the user device to present the network configuration information for each simulated forwarding path.

Abstract: Systems and methods for using queue pair 1 (QP1) for receiving multicast based announcements in multiple partitions in a high performance computing. In accordance with an embodiment, by extending the scope of QP1 to also include receiving and sending multicast packets in any partition defined for the port, it is possible to implement generic MC based announcement and discovery without requiring the complexity of unique QPs for individual partitions, nor any update of QP configuration as a consequence of change of partition membership.

Abstract: The invention concerns a method for transmitting a piece of digital content consisting of a plurality of data packets to a mobile terminal (10), via a communication network (20), in which a management device (30) implements the obtaining (E11, E23, F8, F33), from the communication network, of at least one piece of information related to the bandwidth available on at least one link of the network to the mobile terminal, the selection (E12, E24, F10, F34), depending on said piece of information related to the bandwidth, of an encoding rate (RES) to use for at least one of said data packets, and the sending (E14, E25, F16, F38), to a device intended to provide the digital content (41), of a message indicating the selected encoding rate, in order to instruct the equipment intended to provide the digital content (41) to transmit, to the mobile terminal, at least one of the data packets, encoded with the selected encoding rate, on one of the network links.

Abstract: A method performed by a trusted network device and a network device for transmitting a trusted state representation of a state of a DLT network to one or more network devices is described. The trusted network device determines a state indicator. The state indicator is a representation of a state of the DLT network at a given time. The trusted network device transmits to one or more network devices a beacon message including the state indicator. The beacon message is signed based on authentication information associated with the trusted network device. The state indicator is to be used by the one or more network devices as a trusted current state of the DLT network.

Abstract: A switch device includes a plurality of communication ports; a switch unit configured to relay a frame, which has been transmitted from a function unit and to which information including an ID of a VLAN is added, to another function unit via a communication port; and a duplication unit configured to, when the diagnosis device is connected to another switch device, duplicate the frame to be relayed via a designated communication port among the plurality of communication ports, and generate a duplicate frame for diagnosis that is a frame obtained by adding, to a duplicate frame obtained through the duplication, specific information indicating that the duplicate frame for diagnosis should be transmitted to the diagnosis device. The switch unit outputs the duplicate frame for diagnosis generated by the duplication unit from a communication port corresponding to the other switch device.

Abstract: Methods, systems, and devices for wireless communications are described. A user equipment (UE) may establish a cellular connection with a base station associated with a cellular radio network. The UE may receive an access policy of the cellular radio network identifying an access preference rule for the UE to adopt for connections to a core network function of the cellular radio network, the access preference rule indicating for the UE to preferentially connect to the core network function via a non-cellular radio network. The UE may determine that a gateway between the non-cellular radio network and the core network function of the cellular radio network is not configured. The UE may determine that a gateway selection policy of the cellular radio network is not configured. The UE may establish a connection to a legacy core network function of a legacy cellular radio network via a legacy gateway.

Abstract: Supporting Multipath Transmission Control Protocol (MPTCP) subflows using multipath links, and more specifically supporting MPTCP subflows using Wi-Fi Multi-Link Operation (MLO) or cellular multi-link support may be provided. A multipath link may be established between an Access Point (AP) and a station (STA). The STA may mark the multipath link as Multipath Transmission Control Protocol (MPTCP) capable. Next, a request for an addition of a MPTCP subflow may be received. In response to receiving the request, the MPTCP subflow may be bound to the multipath link, and data from the MPTCP subflow may be sent over the multipath link.

Abstract: Techniques disclosed herein provide a method and systems for installing routes by a route reflect (RR) device when the tunnel RIB of the RR device does not include any tunnel labels definitions. The unicast routing information base (RIB) of route reflector (RR) device is configured to include a next hop associated with a first network device. When the RR device receives a route from the first network device that comprises a tunnel label for reaching the second network device, the RR device resolves the next hop of the received route using the unicast RIB of the RR device. In response to the resolving, the RR device forwards the route to a third network device (e.g., identified by an export route target of the RR device).

Abstract: Systems and methods for enhancing a routing protocol of a telecommunications network are provided. In one embodiment, a method for enhancing the Intermediate System to Intermediate System (IS-IS) routing protocol is provided. The method includes receiving a packet from a first peer device on a network; determining whether a mismatch exists in an authentication of the packet from the first peer device; and responsive to an authentication mismatch, sending a flush instruction to a plurality of peer devices on the network to remove any link state packets from the first peer device. The plurality of peer devices are configured to remove all link state packets from the first peer device regardless of a type of authentication and a type of mismatch.

Abstract: A computer-readable storage medium stores instructions for execution by one or more processors of a UE. The instructions configure the UE for small data transmission (SDT) in a 5G NR network and cause the UE to perform operations comprising detecting while in an RRC_Inactive state, a radio link failure during a first SDT of UL data to a base station. A secure key for a second SDT is generated based on the radio link failure. A configuration message including an indication of the second SDT is transmitted to the base station. A response message including a UL grant is received from the base station. The UL data is encoded for the second SDT using the secure key. The second SDT is performed using the UL grant while the UE is in the RRC_Inactive state.

Abstract: An apparatus supporting multi-radio coexistence is provided. The apparatus is configured to support coexistence between multiple transceiver circuits configured to communicate radio frequency (RF) signals in a shared RF medium. In examples discussed herein, one transceiver circuit asserts a medium access request via a standard-defined coexistence interface for communicating an RF signal in the shared RF medium. The transceiver circuit may be configured to assert or de-assert the medium access request in response to a variety of trigger events. Depending on whether the medium access request is granted, the transceiver circuit may start communicating the RF signal in the shared RF medium in different modes. As such, it may be possible to reduce medium access delay for the transceiver circuit requesting to access the shared RF medium, while protecting the transceiver circuit currently occupying the shared RF medium from undue interruption and interference.

Abstract: An approach includes providing support multi-tenancy support on a DHCP protocol. The approach includes receiving a dynamic host configuration protocol (DHCP) packet, inserting a tenant-specific option information within the DHCP packet, and transmitting the DHCP packet with the tenant-specific option information.

Abstract: A process control system (PCS) includes a cable connection including physical cables including a first cable for connecting between a process controller and an I/O access device, and an independent second cable for connecting the process controller and a second node being the I/O access device or another device. The I/O access device is for coupling to I/O module(s) to receive an output of the I/O access device. An output of the I/O module is coupled to a field device coupled to processing equipment. The process controller and I/O access device each include a processor and memory that implement send and receive logic for communicating using any of multiple redundancy protocols including a first and a second redundant protocol. The cable connection is for supporting simultaneously communicating between the process controller and the second node utilizing both the first redundant protocol and the second redundant protocol.

Abstract: A computer device in a network receives data units sent by a remote computer device over a network link in a sequenced order. A traffic monitor evaluates traffic on the network link, and selectively sends congestion notifications in response to determining that certain data units sent by the remote computer device have been received or will likely be received out of the sequenced order. The notifications cause the remote computer device to pause sending further data units. An ingress processor, separate from a central processing unit (CPU) of the computer device, detects a header segment of a received data unit and a corresponding payload segment of the received data unit. A storage controller stores the header segment of the received data unit in a first memory location, and stores the payload segment of the received data unit in a second memory location separate from the first memory location. The second memory location corresponds to a next location in a storage queue.

Abstract: An extended peripheral component interconnect express (PCIe) device includes a host PCIe fabric comprising a host root complex. The host PCIe fabric has a first set of bus numbers and a first memory mapped input/output (MMIO) space on a host CPU. An extended PCIe fabric includes a root complex endpoint (RCEP) as part of an endpoint of the host PCIe fabric. The extended PCIe fabric has a second set of bus numbers and a second MMIO space separate from the first set of bus numbers and the first MMIO space, respectively.

Abstract: A method for servicing network traffic in a wide area network (WAN) comprising a plurality of network devices is provided. The method is executed by a network device among the plurality of network devices and comprises: receiving a request to transmit the network traffic to a destination network device where the request specifies that the network traffic is to be serviced by a network service; determining, based on the request and using a service-aware virtual topology (SAVT) routing table, a path through the WAN for reaching the network service and a service instance identifier (ID) of the network service; configuring the network traffic to include a service bit indicating whether service is to be performed and instructions specifying the path for reaching the network service; and transmitting, after configuring the network traffic, the network traffic toward the destination device through the at least one network service.

Abstract: Methods, apparatuses, and systems for wireless communication are described. A computing device may send data to a plurality of network devices. A coordinator device may receive, or monitor, the data received by the plurality of network devices from the computing device. The coordinator device may determine that one or more of the plurality of network devices are to process additional data received from the computing device. The coordinator device may cause the remaining network devices of the plurality of network devices to discard or disregard, for an amount of time, additional data received from the computing device.

Abstract: A wireless transmit/receive unit (WTRU) may establish one or more protocol data unit (PDU) sessions via a radio access network (RAN) node. The WTRU may transition to an inactive state. The WTRU may send a connection resume message to a RAN node that indicates a request to resume the established plurality of PDU sessions via the RAN node. The WTRU may receive a message from the RAN node. For example, the RAN node may send a message indicating a subset of the plurality of PDU sessions that are available upon resuming a connection with the RAN node. The WTRU may deactivate at least one established PDU session of the plurality of PDU sessions based on the received message from the RAN node that indicates at least one established PDU session not being included in the subset of the plurality of PDU sessions that are available.

Abstract: Network management techniques are described. A controller device of this disclosure manages a device group of a network. The controller device includes processing circuitry in communication with the memory, the processing circuitry being configured to receive, using a programmable diagnosis service executed by the processing circuitry, a programming input, to form, using the programmable diagnosis service, based on the programming input, a resource definition graph that models interdependencies between a plurality of resources supported by the device group, to detect, using the programmable diagnosis service, an event affecting a first resource of the plurality of resources, and to identify, using the programmable diagnosis service, based on the interdependencies modeled in the resource definition graph formed based on the programming input, a root cause event that caused the event affecting the first resource, the root cause event occurring at a second resource of the plurality of resources.

Abstract: Systems, devices, and methods are discussed for limiting exposure of internal network operations beyond the boundary of a secure network.

Abstract: Various aspects of the present disclosure generally relate to wireless communication. In some aspects, a user equipment (UE) may receive, from a base station, a federated learning configuration that configures a participation indication to be used by the UE to indicate a participation status of the UE associated with at least one federated learning round corresponding to a machine learning component. The UE may transmit the participation indication to the base station based at least in part on the federated learning configuration. Numerous other aspects are described.

Abstract: Disclosed is a mobile event streaming system that receives customer application lifecycle and user events including a message, event source and a destination then processes data for consumption by one or more customers, generating a secure data stream and sending the processed data over the generated data stream. An example system for receiving, processing, and delivering customer application lifecycle and user engagement data includes a server system having at least one processor, memory and a network interface where the memory stores program instructions for receiving, storing, processing and transmitting messages via the network interface. The mobile event streaming system may be a distributed content delivery service wherein the content delivered via the service is processed. Processing the data comprises the addition of metadata, one or more identifiers such as user, and event identifiers including predictions of future user engagement to enable real-time data consumption by customers.

Abstract: The present disclosure provides an information configuration method, an information interaction method, and an address information update method. The information configuration method may be performed by a first node, and may include: transmitting, to a second node, a first configuration request message comprising a request for a bearer context setup; receiving, from the second node, a first configuration response message comprising a response to the bearer context setup request in the first configuration request message; and establishing a bear context based on the first configuration response message, wherein the first configuration request message comprises at least one of information related to data profile, or profile indication information.

Abstract: The present disclosure provides a method (100) in a network node advertising a Binding Segment Identifier, BSID. The method (100) includes: receiving (110) a first echo request packet containing a first target Forwarding Equivalence Class, FEC, stack including an FEC associated with the BSID; and transmitting (120), in response to a Time To Live, TTL, expiration associated with the first echo request packet, a first echo reply packet to an initiating network node initiating the first echo request packet, the first echo reply packet containing an indicator indicating that the FEC is to be replaced by a set of FECs.

Abstract: A user equipment may transmit a multicast/broadcast signal to a plurality of second UEs, and receive, in response to the multicast/broadcast signal, one or more HARQ feedback signals from one or more of the plurality of second UEs, based on a HARQ feedback resource that is commonly allocated to the plurality of second UEs.

Abstract: This application provides a terminal identification method and an apparatus, and relates to the communications field. The terminal identification method includes: a communications device generates and sends a data packet; and after receiving the data packet, a network device determines, based on terminal information included in an internet protocol (IP) packet header of the data packet, a terminal type of a terminal corresponding to the terminal information.

Abstract: A method and a device for sidelink wireless communications are disclosed by the present disclosure. A first node receives a third radio signal and a first radio signal set, the third radio signal comprising first information; herein, the first information comprises a node ID group and a first configuration; the node ID group comprises Q node IDs, Q being a positive integer greater than 1; the first configuration comprises a first parameter set; one of the Q node IDs is used for identifying the third radio signal's transmitter; the first parameter set is used for configuring RB of the first node; a transmitter of the first radio signal set is identified by one of the Q node IDs; or transmitters of Q1 radio signals in the first radio signal set are respectively identified by Q1 node IDs out of the Q node IDs.

Abstract: A method for presenting information includes receiving a specified digital value for display, assigning to a set of colors respective digital codes comprising respective binary values representing three primary color components of the colors, and encoding the specified digital value by combining at least four of the digital codes while selecting the colors such that none of the binary values is constant over all of the selected colors. A symbol is presented for imaging by a computing device, the symbol comprising at least four regions meeting at a common vertex and having the colors selected so as to encode the specified digital value using the respective digital codes.

Abstract: Embodiments of the present invention disclose a network channel switching method and apparatus, a device, and a storage medium. The method comprises: acquiring network channel switching information sent by an upper-level parent-node device having a connection relationship, and sending the network channel switching information to a lower-level child-node device having a connection relationship; and switching, according to the received network channel switching information, from a current channel to a target channel. The technical solution in the embodiments of the present invention can greatly improve the success rate of each node device receiving network channel switching information in a mesh network, such that channel switching across the entire mesh network can be achieved while maintaining connections between the node devices in the network, thereby improving the efficiency of channel switching in the mesh network.

Abstract: The present disclosure provides a cryptocurrency securing system and a cryptocurrency securing method thereof. The system receives a cryptocurrency transaction information from a user device, and determines whether a policy data corresponding to the cryptocurrency transaction information is legal. When the policy data corresponding to the cryptocurrency transaction information is legal, the system derives a cryptocurrency private key information via a personal identification number of the user device. The system then encrypts the cryptocurrency transaction information via the cryptocurrency private key information for deriving an encrypted cryptocurrency transaction information, and broadcasts the encrypted cryptocurrency transaction information to a blockchain network.

Abstract: Methods, systems, and devices for wireless communications are described. A device may determine a packet for transmission and determine whether to transmit a reservation signal prior to the transmission of the packet based in part on a condition. The condition may include, but is not limited to, a packet size, or a packet priority, or a combination thereof. According to the determination, the device may refrain from transmitting the reservation signal or allocate resources for the reservation signal from a same resource pool associated with the transmission of the packet or a dedicated resource pool according to a pre-reservation resource pattern.

Abstract: A shelf label system and a method thereof are provided. The shelf label system includes base stations and at least one server. The at least one server may be configured to: obtain a target network topological structure according to a master base station having a shallowest topological depth and a ranging result between a base station and a superior base station of the base station, where each base station has a single superior base station; generate a transceiving time slot periodic table by allocating a transceiving time slot to each base station according to the target network topological structure; and obtain a synchronous network of the shelf label system by instructing the base stations to transmit and receive synchronous signals according to the transceiving time slot periodic table. The shelf label system further includes electronic shelf labels that receive the synchronous signals from the base stations.

Abstract: Methods and systems for metering computing resources in cloud computing environments are disclosed. A method includes: executing, by a computing device, computing tasks on computing resources; determining, by the computing device, an amount of time and an amount of power used in the executing the computing tasks on the computing resources; determining, by the computing device, a number of standard units consumed by the computing tasks based on the determined amount of time and the determined amount of power; and metering, by the computing device, the computing resources based on the determined number of standard units consumed by the computing tasks.

Abstract: Methods and apparatuses are described herein for a 5G system that deploys services providing optimizations and value add services based on delay tolerant data (DTD) exchanges between end devices and machine to machine (M2M) servers. In accordance with one embodiment, an apparatus may receive, from a second apparatus via the network, first information comprising a delay tolerant communication configuration comprising an identifier and a delay tolerant characteristic. The apparatus may receive, from a third apparatus, data in a plurality of data bundles that each comprises the identifier. The apparatus may process, based on the first information, the plurality of data bundles. The apparatus may route, based on the first information, the plurality of data bundles. The third apparatus may comprise a user equipment (UE).

Abstract: One technique includes receiving, in a first network, a multi-destination packet from a second network, and determining, based on the multi-destination packet, a first multi-destination tree in the first network for forwarding the multi-destination packet. In response to determining that the first multi-destination tree is not rooted on the network device, a second multi-destination tree in the first network is determined, and the multi-destination packet is transmitted using the second multi-destination tree. Another technique includes, upon detecting a first network device joining a network, sending a first indication to a second network device that the first network device is in a state for an amount of time. After the amount of time has elapsed, a second indication that the first network device has exited the state is sent to the second network device. A topology of the network is updated after the first network device has exited the state.