Abstract: Methods of combining semi-persistent resource allocation and dynamic resource allocation are provided. Packets, such as VoIP packets, are transmitted on the uplink and downlink using respective semi-persistent resources. For each mobile device, awake periods and sleep periods are defined. The semi-persistent resources are aligned with the awake periods so that most of the time the mobile device can turn off its wireless access radio during the sleep periods. In addition, signalling to request, and to allocate, resources for additional packets are transmitted during the awake periods, and the resources allocated for the additional packets are within the awake windows.

Abstract: A method is performed at a user device, UE (12), for supporting a transmission mode configuration with respect to a communication channel between the UE (12) and an network node (14) of a radio network. The method comprises determining an impact of self-interference at a receiver of the UE (12) due to an uplink transmission to the network node (14) in case of full duplex communication, generating a channel state information comprising an information of said impact of self-interference, and transmitting the channel state information to the network node (14) to support said node in taking a decision between half duplex and full duplex communication configuration for the communication channel. A corresponding method is performed at a network node (14). Embodiments herein further include a UE (12), a network node (14) and computer programs thereto.

Abstract: A system for self-interference canceller tuning includes a transmit coupler that creates a sampled analog transmit signal; an analog self-interference canceller that transforms the sampled analog transmit signal to an analog self-interference cancellation signal according to a set of tuning parameters, the set of tuning parameters comprising complex weights for a set of taps of the analog self-interference canceller; a tuning circuit that calculates the set of tuning parameters, and applies the set of tuning parameters to the analog self-interference canceller based on component calibration data of the analog self-interference canceller; and a receive coupler that combines the analog self-interference cancellation signal with the analog receive signal to reduce self-interference in the analog receive signal.

Abstract: The present disclosure is directed to an apparatus and method for cancelling self-interference caused by full-duplex communication. In a full-duplex communication device, the receiver will generally experience significant self-interference from the full-duplex communication device's own transmitter transmitting a strong outbound signal over the same channel that the receiver is to receive a weak inbound signal. The apparatus and method are configured to adjust a phase and gain of the outbound signal provided at the output of a power amplifier (PA) and inject the phase and gain adjusted outbound signal at the input of a low-noise amplifier (LNA) to cancel the interference from the outbound signal in the inbound signal.

Abstract: Enhanced MAC-es PDUs are created by concatenating enhanced MAC-es service data units (SDUs) based on higher layer PDUs and segments thereof, where segmentation information is included in the enhanced MAC-es headers. An enhanced MAC-e header is generated for each enhanced MAC-es PDU to describe information about the enhanced MAC-es PDU. An enhanced MAC-e PDU is created by concatenating enhanced MAC-es PDUs and enhanced MAC-e headers. An enhanced MAC-es header may include a Transmit Sequence Number (TSN) field, a Segmentation Description (SD) field, length (L) fields to indicate the length of each enhanced MAC-es SDU and/or logical channel indicator (LCH-ID) fields. An enhanced MAC-e header may include one or more logical channel indicator (LCH-ID) fields for corresponding enhanced MAC-es PDUs or MAC-s SDUs and length (L) fields.

Abstract: A system, and related methods and devices, is disclosed for increasing an output power of a frequency band in a distributed antenna system that includes at least one RXU module that is operatively coupled to at least one RAU module. A first group of the plurality of channels within a first frequency band may be allocated to the RAU module, and a second group of the plurality of the channels within the first frequency band may be allocated to the RXU module. The at least one RAU module may be configured to receive RF signals from the first group of the plurality of channels being used in the first frequency band, and the at least one RXU module may be configured to receive RF signals from the second group of the plurality of channels being used in the first frequency band. In this manner, the amount of composite power per channel is increased.

Abstract: An objective is to prohibit retransmission of “UE assistance information”. A mobile communication method according to the present invention includes the steps of: transmitting “UE assistance information” to a radio base station (eNB) by a mobile station (UE), the “UE assistance information” prompting the radio base station (eNB) to change a parameter for the mobile station UE used in the radio base station; notifying, by the radio base station (eNB), the mobile station (UE) of a transmission-prohibited period of the “UE assistance information”; and stopping, by the mobile station (UE), retransmission of the “UE assistance information” on the basis of the transmission-prohibited period.

Abstract: A base station for communicating with multiple groups of wireless communication devices is described. The base station includes a processor and executable instructions stored in memory that is in electronic communication with the processor. The base station determines a number of wireless communication devices. The base station also splits the number of wireless communication devices into groups. The base station further determines a precoding matrix for each group. The base station additionally transmits a beamformed signal to each group using the precoding matrix for each group.

Abstract: Systems, methods, and devices for a delay indication in a wireless message are described herein. In one aspect an apparatus for wireless communication is provided. The apparatus includes a receiver configured to receive a first message from a second apparatus. In some aspects, the first message is a request-to-send (RTS) message. The access point further including a processing system, configured to generate a second message in response to reception of the first message. The second message comprising a delay indicator, the delay indicator indicating a delay after which a third message may be transmitted by the second apparatus, and a transmitter configured to transmit the second message to the second apparatus.

Abstract: An exemplary embodiment discloses a multi-subframe physical uplink control channel PUCCH resource arrangement for PUCCH format 1a/1b resource allocation for enhanced physical downlink control channel EPDCCH in time division duplex TDD transmission. A definition of a semi-static offset for each EPDCCH set is extended by considering multiple downlink subframes, and a dynamic offset mechanism is enhanced to avoid resource collision between multiple DL subframes.

Abstract: An apparatus for interference cancellation in wireless communication systems configured for reception, comprises a receive signal path configured to convey an overall receive (Rx) signal comprising an Rx signal and a residual transmit (Tx) signal, from an antenna port to an Rx input port of a transceiver, and at least one cancellation path configured to receive a leakage Tx signal from the antenna port. Further, the apparatus comprises a cancellation unit configured to apply a cancellation signal to the overall Rx signal in the receive signal path and a compensation unit configured to generate the cancellation signal by modifying the leakage Tx signal in the cancellation path, based on a compensation control signal. In addition, the apparatus comprises a feedback receiver unit configured to generate the compensation control signal based on the residual Tx signal in the overall Rx signal and the cancellation signal.

Abstract: Two-way (full-duplex) wireless communications. Various embodiments measure interference channels and provide for interference cancellation in both analog and digital domains to mitigate self-interference. The system supports multiple clients wherein new clients can join the network asynchronously, and also supports Multiple-Input Multiple-Output (MIMO) antennas.

Abstract: A method for tuning an analog self-interference canceller includes detecting a tuning trigger, calculating a set of tuning parameters (the tuning parameters including complex weights for a set of taps of the analog self-interference canceller) in response to the tuning trigger, and applying the set of tuning parameters based on component calibration data.

Abstract: A standing wave ratio detection arrangement is disclosed. The arrangement includes a standing wave ratio detector and a controller. The standing wave ratio detector is configured to receive an isolated signal and a coupled signal and to generate a multi-bit return loss signal based on the isolated signal and the coupled signal in the analog domain using successive attenuation of the coupled signal. The controller is configured to determine a standing wave ratio from the return loss and to generate an antenna tuner control signal using the standing wave ratio.

Abstract: A decoder for a radio-frequency module includes a control signal output, first control signal generator circuitry configured to receive an input signal indicating an operational state of a radio-frequency core communicatively coupled to the decoder, and generate an output control signal for controlling one or more radio-frequency devices of the radio-frequency core, second control signal generator circuitry configured to generate an intermediate output signal, and transition detection circuitry configured to receive a least a portion of the input signal and selectively provide the intermediate output signal on the control signal output when the input signal indicates a transition of the radio-frequency core for a first operational state of a first group of operational states to a second operational state of a second group of operational states.

Abstract: The invention discloses a vehicular communication system and a routing method thereof. The routing method includes the following steps. When a first relay node of the relay nodes, which locates in a last road slot of each of the road section, receives the route reply packet, the first relay node is configured to obtain a plurality of moving traces of a plurality of specific relay nodes according to the route reply packet; estimate at least one connection life period related to a plurality of specific road slots according to the moving traces; estimate at least one connection available interval of the specific road section according to the at least one connection life period; and append the at least one connection available interval to the route reply packet and forward the route reply packet.

Abstract: The disclosure includes a system and method for implementing full-duplex wireless communications between communication devices. The system includes a processor and a memory storing instructions that, when executed, cause the system to: create, at a first communication device, first data to transmit to a second communication device; switch a half-duplex operation mode of the first communication device to a full-duplex operation mode to activate the full-duplex operation mode of the first communication device; transmit a first portion of the first data from the first communication device to the second communication device using a wireless channel; and transmit, in the full-duplex operation mode of the first communication device, a remaining portion of the first data to the second communication device while simultaneously receiving second data from the second communication device using the wireless channel.

Abstract: A first communication device calculates channel state information (CSI), and based on the CSI, (i) determines a first signal attenuation level corresponding to signals transmitted over a first sub-carrier frequency signal, and (ii) determines a second signal attenuation level corresponding to signals transmitted over a second sub-carrier frequency signal. The first communication device transmits data encoded over the first sub-carrier frequency and the second and second sub-carrier frequency to a second communication device by (i) increasing power loaded to signals transmitted over a sub-carrier frequency from among the first sub-carrier frequency and the second sub-carrier frequency that is associated with greater signal attenuation, and (ii) decreasing power loaded to signals transmitted over a sub-carrier frequency from among the first sub-carrier frequency and the second sub-carrier frequency that is associated with lesser signal attenuation.

Abstract: A method scheduling resources allocation within a wireless communications network including at least one network cell including a central unit providing coverage over the network cell and managing at least one transmission frame for putting the central unit into communication with at least one user equipment.

Abstract: A radio station (1) includes a first part (1A) and a second part (1B). The second part (1B) can be arranged so as to be physically separated from the first part (1A) and is connected to the first part (1A) via a transmission line (40) so as to be able to communicate with the first part. Each of the first part (1A) and the second part (1B) includes a digital signal processing unit (11A, 11B) and is capable of alternatively performing digital signal processing for user data. An analog signal processing unit (13) arranged in the second part performs analog signal processing including at least one of frequency conversion and power amplification to provide an air interface to a mobile station.

Abstract: A method of multi user multiple input multiple output (MIMO) communication in a wireless local area network (WLAN) system; and a transmitting device therefore are discussed. The method according to an embodiment includes generating an Aggregate-Medium Access Control Protocol Data Unit (A-MPDU) including an A-MPDU subframe, the A-MPDU subframe including a Medium Access Control Protocol Data Unit (MPDU) delimiter field; and selecting a type of a guard interval. When the A-MPDU is generated for a plurality of receiving devices, the transmitting device selects a short guard interval only if all of the plurality of receiving devices support the short guard interval. The MPDU delimiter field includes a null field and an MPDU length field, the null field indicates a corresponding A-MPDU subframe is used to pad the A-MPDU, and the MPDU length field indicates a length of an MPDU. The null field is a 1-bit information field.

Abstract: The proposed technology relates to the issue of supporting release of common radio resources in a radio communication network. A radio network controller (200) sends an indication of a value of a timer for implicit release of common radio resources to a base station (100). The base station (100) receives the indication of a value of a timer for implicit release of common radio resources and determines whether to release common radio resources based on the indication of a value of the timer for implicit release of common radio resources. In this way, by using the indication of a value of the timer for implicit release the base station (100) will be able to correctly determine whether to release the common resources upon reception of a report of empty buffer status from a UE. This will eliminate misinterpretations of the empty buffer status report, and avoid unnecessary radio link failures.

Abstract: Provided is a method and apparatus for operating a control channel in a beamforming-based wireless communication system. The provided method includes acquiring information indicating a best Base Station (BS) receive beam for Uplink (UL) communication; determining a control channel region for UL control channels in a UL interval considering the best BS receive beam, the control channel region being a predetermined region that is mapped to the best BS receive beam; and exchanging information about the control channel between a BS and a Mobile Station (MS) through the control channel region.

Abstract: Systems and methods for enabling the dynamic allocation of certain sub frames as downlink or uplink resources in a time division duplexed over the air communications system. A base station or eNB may allocate certain subframes within a repeating radio frame of a TDD configuration as either DL or UL subframes for communicating to user equipment or UE devices to increase efficient use of system resources based on the data to be transmitted. Methods for determining the capabilities of a selected UE and based on the determining step, dynamically allocating certain subframes are disclosed. The methods and systems are compatible with user equipment that does not support the dynamic allocation of subframes.

Abstract: A radio station (1) includes a first part (1A) and a second part (1B). The second part (1B) can be arranged so as to be physically separated from the first part (1A) and is connected to the first part (1A) via a transmission line (40) so as to be able to communicate with the first part. The first part (1A) includes a first scheduling unit (20A) capable of performing dynamic scheduling to allocate a plurality of radio resources to a plurality of mobile stations or user data. The second part (1B) includes a second scheduling unit (20B) capable of performing, instead of the first scheduling unit (20A), at least a part of dynamic scheduling for a first mobile station connected to the second part (1B) among the plurality of mobile stations.

Abstract: Radio-frequency (RF) modules are disclosed comprising an RF input port, an RF output port and an RF core configured operate in each of a plurality of operational states, the plurality of operational states including a first subset of operational states and a second subset of operational states. The RF module or device includes a decoder configured to receive an input signal indicating a first operational state of the RF core, the first operational state being of the first subset, generate an output control signal corresponding to the first operational state, detect a transition of the RF core to a second operational state, determine that the second operational state is of the second subset, and insert an intermediate output signal corresponding to an intermediate operational state of the RF core in response to said determination.

Abstract: A radio station (1) includes a first part (1A) and at least one second part (1B). The second part (1B) can be arranged so as to be physically separated from the first part (1A) and is connected to the first part (1A) via a transmission line (40) so as to be able to communicate with the first part (1A). The first part (1A) includes a bearer termination unit (10) capable of terminating at least one bearer between an upper network and the radio station (1). The second part (1B) includes a physical layer signal processing unit (12) that performs physical layer signal processing. The physical layer signal processing includes channel coding and decoding for user data pertaining to a first mobile station connected to the second part (1B) among a plurality of mobile stations.

Abstract: An interference cancellation method and apparatus and also a filter are disclosed to cancel the interfering signals leaked to the receiving channel, and enable the receiving channel to suppress the transmitted signal. The method includes: dividing a transmitted signal into a first transmitted signal and a second transmitted signal, and then inputting the first transmitted signal into a first transmitting filter and inputting the second transmitted signal into a second transmitting filter symmetric to the first transmitting filter; adjusting the first interfering signal and the second interfering signal to make opposite phases of the signals; and combining the signals of opposite phases. The method provided herein can cancel the interfering signals leaked to the receiving channel, the receiving channel suppresses the transmitted signal effectively, and the interference caused by the transmitted signal onto the received signal is cancelled.

Abstract: A radio station (1) includes a first part (1A) and at least one second part (1B). The second part (1B) can be arranged so as to be physically separated from the first part (1A) and is connected to the first part (1A) via a transmission line (40) so as to be able to communicate with the first part. The first part (1A) performs dynamic scheduling to allocate a plurality of radio resources to a plurality of mobile stations or user data. The second part (1B) performs signal processing including channel coding for transmitting downlink user data to an air interface and channel decoding for restoring uplink user data from a signal received from the air interface.

Abstract: Embodiments of the present invention disclose a buffer state reporting method and apparatus. The buffer state reporting method includes: triggering transmission of current buffer state report BSR information of a user equipment; and if the user equipment will transmit media access control protocol data unit MAC PDU data packets to a base station and the MAC PDU data packets include a newly transmitted MAC PDU data packet, carrying the BSR information in the newly transmitted MAC PDU data packet for transmission to the base station. In the buffer state reporting method and apparatus of the embodiments of the present invention, when multiple MAC PDUs are transmitted at the same time, BSR information is carried in a newly transmitted MAC PDU, so that a base station acquires BSR information on a user side in a timely manner, thereby improving performance of uplink scheduling for a user.

Abstract: A method decodes a block of data received over a communication channel. The method determines an initial estimate of bits in the block using a QR decomposition (QRD-M) method decoding the bits in the block sequentially by reducing an accumulated distance between the initial estimate and the bits of the block. Then, the method determines the block using a likelihood ascent (LAS) method that iteratively updates the bits of the block starting from the initial estimate.

Abstract: A system for delay-matched analog self-interference cancellation including a transmit coupler, that samples the analog transmit signal to create a sampled analog transmit signal; a delay matcher that imposes a variable delay on the sampled analog transmit signal to create a delayed analog transmit signal; an analog self-interference canceller that transforms the delayed analog transmit signal to an analog self-interference cancellation signal; and a receive coupler, that combines the analog self-interference cancellation signal with the analog receive signal.

Abstract: A radio station (1) includes a first part (1A) and at least one second part (1B). The second part (1B) can be arranged so as to be physically separated from the first part (1A) and is connected to the first part (1A) via a transmission line (40) so as to be able to communicate with the first part (1A). The first part (1A) includes a bearer termination unit (10) capable of terminating at least one bearer between an upper network and the radio station (1). The second part (1B) includes a physical layer signal processing unit (12) that performs physical layer signal processing. The physical layer signal processing includes channel coding and decoding for user data pertaining to a first mobile station connected to the second part (1B) among a plurality of mobile stations.

Abstract: A radio station (1) includes a first part (1A) and a second part (1B). The second part (1B) can be arranged so as to be physically separated from the first part (1A) and is connected to the first part (1A) via a transmission line (40) so as to be able to communicate with the first part. The first part (1A) includes a first scheduling unit (20A) capable of performing dynamic scheduling to allocate a plurality of radio resources to a plurality of mobile stations or user data. The second part (1B) includes a second scheduling unit (20B) capable of performing, instead of the first scheduling unit (20A), at least a part of dynamic scheduling for a first mobile station connected to the second part (1B) among the plurality of mobile stations.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to a World Band Radio Frequency Power Amplifier and a World Band Radio Frequency Front End Module. The World Band Power Amplifier can contain at least one broadband power amplifier connected to a switch which can direct an RF input signal to a plurality of transmission paths, each transmission path configured for a different frequency. The World Band RFFE Module is more integrated version of the World Band Power Amplifier that can contain broadband RF PA(s), switches, logic controls, filters, duplexers and other active and passive components.

Abstract: The disclosed invention relates to a transceiver system having a bypass signal path that enables low power consumption. The transceiver system has transmission path and a reception path. The transmission path provides a signal from a transmission chain to an antenna for wireless transmission. The reception path provides a signal from the antenna to a reception chain. A duplex filter that provides isolation between the transmission and reception paths is connected between the antenna and the transmission and reception paths. A bypass signal path selectively exchanges signals between the transmission chain and the antenna along a conductive path that bypasses the duplex filter. By using the bypass signal path to selectively exchange signals between the transmission chain and the antenna the insertion loss of the duplex filter can be mitigated, allowing for the transceiver system to operate at a lower power.

Abstract: Disclosed are a method and device for data transmission, for improving a data transmission processing solution when a plurality of aggregated cells of user equipment have different TDD UL/DL configurations.

Abstract: Non-contact torque, thrust, strain, and other data sensing of a valve actuator or valve is disclosed. A sensor may include a surface acoustic wave device.

Abstract: The invention is directed to transmitting a data packet from a first station to an access point or another station. An exemplary method comprises receiving, at a first station, a beacon from the access point or another station; receiving, at the first station, information associated with an opportunity window from the access point or another station; and transmitting, during the opportunity window, a data packet from the first station to the access point or another station.

Abstract: A multi-mode and multi-band front-end device comprises at least one amplifier unit, at least one switching unit, at least one control unit, a plurality of transmission paths, and a plurality of frequency matching networks. The switching unit comprises at least input end and a plurality of connecting ends. Wherein the input end is electrically connected to the amplifier unit, and each of connecting ends is connected to each of transmission paths, respectively. Each of frequency matching networks is configured on each of transmission paths, and achieves impedance matching at different frequency bands, respectively. The multi-mode and multi-band front-end device is able to select one of transmission paths to transmit RF signal according to the frequency band of RF signal to be transmitted so as to improve the output power of the multi-mode and multi-band front-end device.

Abstract: A communication device includes a communication circuit, one or more processors operable with the communication circuit, and one or more memory devices to store one or more applications. The one or more processors can enable data messaging communication through the communication circuit and disable other data communication through the communication circuit. A data message can be received indicating a request to enable at least data communication with at least one application to deliver a payload to the application. In response to receipt of the data message, data communication can be enabled with the application to receive the payload. After receipt of the payload, data communication with the application can again be disabled.

Abstract: An impedance matching circuit for a wireless communication device includes: a first node that receives a first impedance; a second node that is connected to an antenna having a second impedance; a first variable capacitor that is connected between the first node and a third node; a second variable capacitor that is connected between the third node and a reference potential; a first inductive element that is connected in parallel with the second variable capacitor between the third node and the reference potential; and a third variable capacitor and a second inductive element that are connected in series between the third node and the second node.

Abstract: It may be determined that a hybrid automatic repeat request (HARQ) transmission schedule from a radio access network (RAN) to wireless communication devices (WCDs) uses HARQ acknowledgment bundling for a first set of two or more data slots, and that the HARQ transmission schedule does not use HARQ acknowledgment bundling for a second set of one or more data slots. It may further be determined that a first WCD supports carrier aggregation when receiving communications from the RAN, and that a second WCD does not support carrier aggregation when receiving communications from the RAN. Based on the first WCD supporting carrier aggregation, the RAN may transmit a first data to the first WCD in the first set of data slots. Based on the second WCD not supporting carrier aggregation, the RAN may transmit a second data to the second WCD in the second set of data slots.

Abstract: A device for detecting RF power information, for use as a stand alone purpose built device, or connectable to an external computing instrument such as a laptop, PDA, or cell phone, or other similarly capable technology. The device scans two or more bands in the wireless frequency and provides output to the user with wireless information about multiple bands of information.

Abstract: A signal routing assembly accepts a first transmission signal at an input and outputs a substantial portion of the signal at a common port of the signal routing assembly. A second transmission signal is received at the common port and is routed through the signal routing assembly delivered to output of the signal routing assembly. Leakage signals from routing devices leaking the first transmission signal are terminated inside the signal routing assembly. Leakage signals from a divider/combiner are cancelled by reflect signal from at least one reflector device. A transmitter produces the first transmission signal and the signal routing assembly delivers this signal to the common port of the signal routing assembly. In full duplex operation, second transmission signals received at the common port are routed to the output to be applied to a receiver.

Abstract: The present invention relates to the communication technology field, more specifically, to a scheme of bilateral antenna. A device for improving the stray isolation between the antennas in the bilateral antenna comprises a plurality of communication modules having an antenna and a power amplification module; at least one of the communication modules further comprises a tuning module. The power amplification module is connected to the antenna directly or through the tuning module. The stray isolation between the communication module and other communication module is improved by adjusting the communication modules comprising the tuning module. This invention increases the stray isolation between the communication modules in different frequency bands, specifically, when a long interval exits between working frequency bands. Consequently, the radiance performance of the bilateral antenna of the mobile termination is satisfied, and the capacity of resisting disturbance between the systems is enhanced.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a split signal processing system comprising: multiple antennas for receiving transmitted signals carrying an information-bearing symbol; multiple signal processing modules associated with the respective antennas and being configured to generate respective bit log-likelihood ratio (LLR) sequences, each corresponding to the information-bearing symbol; and a LLR combiner for combining the bit LLR sequences received from the multiple signal processing modules.

Abstract: A processing system and method for controlling the distribution of certain types of electronic messages, such as SMS messages, instant messages, emails, etc., that are wirelessly sent to a vehicle. In one embodiment, a messaging application installed on a communication device diverts to a call center outgoing messages destined for the vehicle. Once the electronic message is properly checked and authenticated at the call center, it is wirelessly forwarded on to the vehicle where its contents can be displayed to the passengers. By controlling the distribution of these types of electronic messages to the vehicle, the processing method can reduce or mitigate the effects of unauthorized third party communications.

Abstract: A method of coordinated scheduling of a downlink transmission flow from a first radio network node to a user equipment UE in a second radio network node. The method includes scheduling the downlink transmission flow so that the in-sequence delivery of the received data blocks can be kept in an acceptable level in the UE by adjusting a scheduling priority of the downlink transmission flow in the second radio network node. The method may further include estimating one or more buffer-related parameters based on buffered data for the downlink transmission flow from the first radio network node, and determining, based on the estimated one or more buffer-related parameter and/or one or more parameters associated with the operation status of the second radio network node, if the in-sequence delivery of the received data blocks to higher layers can be in an acceptable level in the UE.

Abstract: The present invention discloses a method for reducing inter-Femtocell interference, including: obtaining an average channel gain of all available channels; determining whether the average channel gain is greater than a preset threshold; if the average channel gain is greater than the preset threshold, determining, by using spectrum sensing, a P channel and an N channel, where the P channel is one or more available channels causing greatest interference and the N channel is one or more available channels suffering greatest interference; and transmitting or receiving a signal in an available channel other than the P channel and the N channel.