Abstract: A binary tree method for avoiding collision of multiple tags, comprising: during inventorying tags, a reader sending a re-splitting instruction to the tags and entering a next time slot for reception if the reader does not receive any reply information from the tags in a specified time slot and one of the following conditions is satisfied: the reader received incorrectly reply information from the tags in the former time slot, or a re-splitting instruction was sent in the former time slot; and when the tags receive the re-splitting instruction, for tags whose counter values are not 1, the counter values remaining unchanged, and tags whose counter values are 1 splitting into two subsets 0 and 1, and those counter-0 tags replying to the reader. With the present invention, the inventorying flow of Binary Tree is optimized, the inventorying efficiency is improved, and the whole flow becomes more reasonable.

Abstract: A method for preventing a relay node from missing a transmission from an access node. The method includes, when a ten millisecond periodicity is used for Multicast/Broadcast Single Frequency Network (MBSFN) subframes, setting a time between an uplink grant from the access node to the relay node and an acknowledgement/negative-acknowledgement message (ACK/NACK) from the access node to the relay node equal to ten milliseconds. The method further includes, when a forty millisecond periodicity is used for MBSFN subframes, the access node sending the relay node an asynchronous grant for an uplink retransmission when a data packet is missed, and when the relay node receives the grant for the uplink retransmission, the relay node retransmitting the missed data packet.

Abstract: The present invention relates to private network communication techniques, and provides a DMR private network communication terminal, communication system, and an implementation method thereof. The DMR private network communication terminal includes: a communication module, adapted to receive/transmit DMR private network communication; a synchronization module, adapted to listen to a DMR synchronization pattern and establish synchronization with the DMR synchronization pattern, determine the time slot occupied by the DMR synchronization pattern, and thereby lock the pre-assigned communication time slot, and controls the communication module to receive/transmit DMR private network communication in the pre-assigned time slot.

Abstract: Synchronization of satellite and terrestrial broadcasts in a shared frequency arrangement is use in order to facilitate simultaneous reception of the broadcasts. A delay value is adjusted based on a synchronization between a first terrestrial broadcast and a satellite broadcast, and a delay value for a second terrestrial broadcast is adjusted based on a synchronization between the second terrestrial broadcast, the first terrestrial broadcast and the satellite broadcast. The adjustment of the relative delay values provides an improved reception pattern based on receipt of a shared frequency communication from multiple sources by improving a signal quality factor within at least selected regions of the coverage areas in which the relative delay values permit synchronization.

Abstract: A mobile station of a mobile radiocommunication system for receiving synchronization channels transmitted on at least one carrier so as to be able to synchronize with a base station and transmit data in a traffic channel defined with respect to the synchronization channels. The mobile station may transmit synchronization channels on a carrier normally transmitted by a base station. The mobile station may transmit a traffic channel on the carrier. The synchronization and traffic channels are transmitted to at least one other mobile station so the first mobile station can synchronize with the other mobile station and read the traffic channel.

Abstract: Communications methods, methods of forming a reader, wireless communications readers, and wireless communications systems are described in some embodiments. In one embodiment, a communications method includes associating a plurality of remote communications devices with a plurality of objects located within a wireless communications range of a reader having a first configuration, providing one of the remote communications device within a wireless communications range of a reader having a second configuration, wherein the wireless communications range of the reader having the second configuration is less than the wireless communications range of the reader having the first configuration, and during the presence of the one of the remote communications devices within the wireless communications range of the reader having the second configuration, implementing communications between the reader having the second configuration and only the one of the remote communications devices.

Abstract: Method and device for arbitration for time division multiple access using delta-sigma modulation for an integrated circuit are described. A method for arbitrating access to a shared resource among multiple devices includes obtaining a first arbitration factor. The first arbitration factor is first delta-sigma modulated to produce a first slot signal. The first slot signal is for Time Division Multiple Access-arbitrated access to the shared resource.

Abstract: A method for receiving a common channel of a mobile terminal is disclosed. The mobile terminal receives a shared control channel, determines whether to receive a shared data channel or a common channel, and receives the shared data channel or the common channel according to control information transmitted via the shared control channel.

Abstract: Embodiments of the disclosure relate to method and apparatus for efficient wireless adaptive uplink protocols for communication networks.

Abstract: An alternating scheduling algorithm is useful in a mesh network. Transmissions are scheduled along a branch in a tree structure such that simultaneous transmissions occur only in non-adjacent layers along the branch. In a disclosed example, every other layer is grouped into a set of layers such that the sets are mutually exclusive and the sets only include non-adjacent layers. One example includes designating one set of layers as the even layers and another set as odd layers. A scheduler schedules transmissions on the layers such that simultaneous transmissions along a branch occur only on layers within one of the sets while transmissions on the other set along the same branch are prevented. The sets of layers selected for transmission are alternated each subsequent scheduling window or frame.

Abstract: In a mesh network using a TDMA protocol: determination is made of a first set of antenna angles to be used by a receiving antenna of a recipient node to capture data respectively sent by a plurality of sending nodes; reception is made of data sent by the sending nodes using the respective antenna angle of the first set; at least one correlation operation is made between the various redundant copies of the same item of data, received by the recipient node; at least one copy not necessary for the decoding of the received data is deduced determination is made of at least one time slot during which the copy not necessary for the decoding is received; and during that time slot, the antenna angle used by the receiving antenna to receive data sent by the sending node allocated to that time slot is updated.

Abstract: A GNSS receiver including a processing unit adapted to process radio signals transmitted from an active set of signal sources and based thereon produce position/time related data. The signals of the active set are processed in parallel with respect to a real-time signal data rate of the signals by a respective tracking channel resource allocated for each signal source. The processing unit also has a monitoring channel resource adapted to process radio signals transmitted from each of at least two signal sources in an additional set of signal sources different from the signal sources in the active set. The processing unit is adapted to process the radio signals of the additional set according to a cyclic processing sequence such that the signals from any of the signal sources in the additional set can be included into a navigation solution without delay.

Abstract: A method of operating a radio telecommunications network including, a plurality of base transceiver stations (BTSs) each transmitting on a respective transmission bandwidth, and one or more mobile terminals (MTs) each having a respective maximum reception bandwidth, defining a common multicast frequency band within the transmission bandwidth of at least a first group of BTSs of the network on which the multicast service is to be transmitted; transmitting a multicast service in the common multicast frequency band from each BTS within the first group of BTSs; and enabling each base station having a bandwidth greater than the width of the common multicast frequency band to transmit a uni-cast service in portion of its transmission bandwidth falling outside the multicast frequency band.

Abstract: A transmission method for use in a multi-hop wireless communication system is provided. The system includes a source apparatus, a destination apparatus and two or more intermediate apparatuses. The system has access to a time-frequency format for use in assigning available transmission frequency bandwidth during a discrete transmission interval, said format defining a plurality of transmission windows within such an interval. Each window occupies a different part of that interval and has a frequency bandwidth profile within said available transmission frequency bandwidth over its part of that interval. Each said window is assignable for such a transmission interval to one of said apparatuses for use in transmission.

Abstract: When it is advantageous to do so, a wireless LAN station sends data packets to a destination station via an intermediate station, instead of to the destination station directly. That is, the intermediate station, which serves as a helper to the source, forwards packets received from the source station to the intended destination station. This cooperative data transmission approach can result in system performance improvement, as long as the total time consumed by two-hop transmission (i.e., transmission via the helper station) is less than direct transmission. Such a determination may be made using rate information stored at each station. Specifically, using the rate information, signaling needed to set up a transmission, the amount of data to be transmitted, etc., transmitting the data directly and via a help station may be compared.

Abstract: One embodiment of the present invention provides a system that implements a long-lived query (LLQ) at a name server. During operation, the system receives an LLQ from a client at the name server, wherein the LLQ requests information related to one or more data items stored on the name server. In response to the LLQ, the system informs the client of updates to the one or more data items.

Abstract: An embodiment of a method for link management in a scatternet, performed by a wireless communication device, is provided. The wireless communication device simultaneously establishes a synchronization link in a first piconet, and an asynchronization link in a second piconet. The embodiment of the method contains the following steps. At least one time interval originally utilized for packet transmissions in the synchronization link is sacrificed. During the sacrificed time interval, the asynchronization link is switched to for a time period to maintain connection between the wireless communication device and a peer device operating with the asynchronization link.

Abstract: Disclosed are methods for broadcast transmission of data in frames having multiple time slots, from one transmitting node to multiple receiving nodes in a network, having the following steps: The sending out of at least one broadcast request message from the transmitter node to the receiver nodes, wherein the time slots available to the transmitter node for data transmission are indicated; the transmitting back of time-slot granting messages from the receiving nodes, wherein at least one of the time-slots available to the respective receiver node for data transmission is in each case indicated jointly with one at the transmitter node; the sending out of a confirmation message from the transmitter node to the neighboring receiving nodes, wherein all of the receiving nodes are indicated in the time-slot granting messages jointly with the time-slots available at the transmitter node; the performing of a broadcast transmission of the data from the transmitter node to the receiver nodes in the jointly available ti

Abstract: Methods and systems for providing data communication in medical systems are disclosed.

Abstract: A hybrid mobile ad-hoc network and a method of operating the same, including a mobile network node and a plurality of static network nodes randomly distributed over a coverage area with a predetermined density. The static network nodes form a static infrastructure backbone of the hybrid mobile ad-hoc network. Position information of the static network nodes, either through position awareness or triangulation with reference to other static nodes enhances the network function. The method tracks mobile node position with a minimum of overhead because of the fixed infrastructure of static nodes. The infrastructure can self-heal by placing excess static nodes in a hibernating state, and activating those in response to the failure of a nearby static node.

Abstract: A time division multiple access (TDMA) controller and method for operating the same includes a frame position module that generates a frame position signal. The controller also includes a signal module that generates a signal-on signal and a signal-off signal and a comparison module that generates a timing control signal based on the frame position signal, the signal-on signal and the signal-off signal.

Abstract: A method implemented in a wireless communication system including a wireless transmit/receive unit (WTRU), a Node-B and a radio network controller (RNC) for quantizing multiplexed data allowed by grants to closely match a selected enhanced uplink transport format combination (E-TFC) transport block size is disclosed. The amount of scheduled and non-scheduled data allowed to be transmitted is quantized so that the amount of data multiplexed into an enhanced uplink (EU) medium access control (MAC-e) protocol data unit (PDU) more closely matches the selected E-TFC transport block size. In an embodiment, the amount of buffered data allowed to be multiplexed by at least one grant, (a serving grant and/or a non-serving grant), is quantized so that the sum of scheduled and non-scheduled data including MAC header and control information multiplexed into a MAC-e PDU more closely matches the selected E-TFC transport block size.

Abstract: A multi-node communications system is provided with communications protocol using both static (11, 12, 13, 18) (pre-determined) and dynamic (51, 52, 53 . . . ) (run-time determined) consecutive communication slots is used. The system has a number of distributed communication nodes, each node being arranged for communicating frames of data with the other nodes during both the static (11, 12, 13 . . . ) and the dynamic (51, 52, 53 . . . ) communication slots. Each node includes a synchronized time base 5 made up of consecutive timeslots (11, 12, 13 . . . , 51, 52, 53 . . . ). The timebase 5 has substantially the same error tolerance in each node. For static communication (10), a predetermined number of timeslots (20) are utilized for each static communication slot. For dynamic communication a dynamically allocated number of timeslots (60) are utilized for each dynamic communication slot. In this way both static and dynamic media arbitration is provided within a periodically recurring communication pattern.

Abstract: A multislot packet data transfer method (300) for a mobile station alters a transmission (370) of a radio block on a last transmission timeslot in a block period (320) immediately preceding an idle frame when the mobile station is in an allowed multislot configuration yet not able to perform normal Base Station Identification Code (BSIC) decoding. The method (300) also skips a last transmission burst in a frame immediately preceding an idle frame (330) in accordance with known extended search window techniques. The method contemplates various criteria (340) for determining when to alter the radio block, which include: whether an unacknowledged radio link control mode is used (350) and whether a robust coding scheme is used (360).

Abstract: A method and a device for transferring signalling information in a TDMA based system. Temporal alignment of values for a retransmission number parameter (R) with the TDMA frame structure is determined on the basis of which a first radio packet to be sent in a number of first TDMA frames is encoded by using a certain first value for the parameter and a second radio packet to be sent in a number of second TDMA frames is encoded by using a certain second value for the parameter. The first and second radio packets are transmitted to the recipient that adheres to the same temporal alignment rules and can thus properly decode both the packets. The solution can be utilized especially in GERAN radio access network with FLO (Flexible Layer One) for transferring signalling information on half-rate channels.

Abstract: A method implemented in a wireless communication system including a wireless transmit/receive unit (WTRU), a Node-B and a radio network controller (RNC) for quantizing multiplexed data allowed by grants to closely match a selected enhanced uplink transport format combination (E-TFC) transport block size is disclosed. The amount of scheduled and non-scheduled data allowed to be transmitted is quantized so that the amount of data multiplexed into an enhanced uplink (EU) medium access control (MAC-e) protocol data unit (PDU) more closely matches the selected E-TFC transport block size. In an embodiment, the amount of buffered data allowed to be multiplexed by at least one grant, (a serving grant and/or a non-serving grant), is quantized so that the sum of scheduled and non-scheduled data including MAC header and control information multiplexed into a MAC-e PDU more closely matches the selected E-TFC transport block size.

Abstract: A radio apparatus communicates with a plurality of terminal apparatuses by using a packet signal composed of at least one stream. A control unit divides a certain period into a plurality of partial periods and assigns respectively the plurality of partial periods to the plurality of terminal apparatuses by associating the periods with the terminal apparatuses. The control unit also generates a packet signal for use in control and packet signals for use in inquiry. In so doing, the control unit generates the inquiry packet signals for the plurality of respective terminal apparatuses, as a single packet signal. A baseband processing unit and other units transmit the control packet signal and then transmit the inquiry packet signals, and receive packet signals, containing inquiry results, from the plurality of respective terminal apparatuses.

Abstract: Signalling uplink and downlink scheduling grants for a plurality of subframes in a time division duplex frame is addressed. In one aspect the allocated uplink subframes are divided into groups, so the number of groups equals the number of downlink subframes being allocated. Uplink grants for the groups are sent with the downlink grants, and for those groups that have more than one uplink subframe, the grant message also indicates which uplink subframes are included in that group. In another aspect there are two sets of grant messages, one for the uplink subframes and one for the downlink subframes. Each of the uplink grant messages is sent on a different uplink grant message, and there is a one-to-one correspondence between the uplink grant channel and the uplink subframe being scheduled by the grant. That correspondence may also be signalled with the grant messages.

Abstract: A communications system and protocol for a radio communications network including a number of transceiver devices. The protocol ensures that network variables to be shared by all devices are correctly received and updated by all devices. The protocol also provides for accurately detecting the transition from one time slot to another, in a given data transaction.

Abstract: To provide a digital data transmitting apparatus and a digital data receiving apparatus that can realize, even when a transmission channel characteristic changes because of aged deterioration or the like of a relay, improvement of a reception performance following the change. A transmitting apparatus 1 generates a multiplexing frame formed by N slots including control information, data, outer parities, stuff bits, and inner parities and added with synchronization, pilot, and a transmission control signal and a parity and transmits data of the respective slots in a transmission system designated by the transmission control signal. In this case, pilot signals are symbols allocated to all signal points in order determined in advance for each of modulation schemes. A receiving apparatus 2 rewrites a phase error table 214 to calculate a phase error and performs synchronous detection according to the pilot signals. The receiving apparatus 2 also rewrites a likelihood table 235 to perform inner code decoding.

Abstract: A radio relay apparatus to periodically transmit a beacon to a radio terminal apparatus, comprises: a control section for generating a beacon including group identification information indicating a group to which a radio terminal apparatus of a reception object of the beacon belongs; and a transmission section for transmitting the generated beacon to the radio terminal apparatus.

Abstract: Disclosed are multiple embodiments of method and apparatus to facilitate Multiple Users Reusing One Timeslot (MUROS) operation in wireless communications. A pair of wireless transmit/receive units (WTRUs) may be multiplexed onto a timeslot using a same pulse format. A WTRU may communicate on a network using MUROS technology both on the downlink (DL) and the uplink (UL), and may use a first pulse format on the DL and a second different pulse format on the UL. Pulse format support information to facilitate MUROS operation may be communicated between a network and a WTRU. The support information may be communicated in Radio Resource Control (RRC) messages. A network may allow for concurrent operation of WTRUs using different types of MUROS technology. For example, a network may include WTRUs using MUROS based on orthogonal sub-channels (OSC) while other WTRUs use MUROS based on an interference-canceling technology such as Downlink Advanced Receiver Performance (DARP) Phase I or Phase II.

Abstract: A receiver system and method for switching among a plurality of antenna elements to receive a signal. At least a portion of plurality of antenna elements receive a transmitted signal, such that the transmitted signal includes a plurality of sub-channels that are transmitted in predetermined time intervals. A switching device is in communication with the plurality of antenna elements, and switches among single antenna elements to receive the transmitted signal. A controller is in communication with the switching device, and commands the switching device to select each of the antenna elements separately in predetermined periods of time based upon the predetermined time intervals of each of the sub-channels. A power level of the transmitted signal is determined during the predetermined period of time that corresponds to the predetermined time intervals, and the controller commands the switching device to switch to an antenna element based upon the determined power level.

Abstract: An integrated circuit (IC) includes at least one baseband processing module, an RF section, and an interface. The baseband processing module converts outbound voice signal into an outbound voice symbol stream; an inbound voice symbol stream into an inbound voice signal; outbound data into an outbound data symbol stream; an inbound data symbol stream into inbound data; outbound wireless network data into an outbound wireless network data symbol stream; and an inbound wireless network data symbol stream into inbound wireless network data.

Abstract: A method for reducing power consumption of sensors (2) within a sensor network (1), wherein a central controller (3) calculates a transmission schedule for said sensors (2) on the basis of a correlation between sensor data transmitted from said sensors (2) to the central controller (3).

Abstract: The present invention provides a method and system for determining a near-field communication interaction in a wireless tracking mesh network. The present invention preferably utilizes near-field communication devices in conjunction with tracking tags to transmit signals for reception by sensors stationed throughout a facility which form a mesh network and forward the signals to an information engine for analysis. Bearers of the near-field communication devices preferably include individuals, objects, assets and rooms of the facility.

Abstract: Two wireless local area networks exhibiting different characteristics link portable or mobile computer devices. An infrastructure network comprising radio base stations, and at least one portable computer device make up the first wireless network, which communicates using spread spectrum frequency hopping communication. A second local area network supports radio communication between a portable computer and peripheral devices with built-in transceivers. The networks use a reservation access protocol that facilitates frequency hopping synchronization, supports adaptive data rate selection based on communication quality, and prevents interference between the wireless networks. In a premises LAN, an infrastructure network comprises radio base stations and a backbone LAN. A higher-power LAN using frequency hopping comprises the infrastructure network and at least one mobile computing device.

Abstract: A radio apparatus communicates with a plurality of terminal apparatuses by using a packet signal composed of at least one stream. A control unit divides a certain period into a plurality of partial periods and assigns respectively the plurality of partial periods to the plurality of terminal apparatuses by associating the periods with the terminal apparatuses. The control unit also generates a packet signal for use in control and packet signals for use in inquiry. In so doing, the control unit generates the inquiry packet signals for the plurality of respective terminal apparatuses, as a single packet signal. A baseband processing unit and other units transmit the control packet signal and then transmit the inquiry packet signals, and receive packet signals, containing inquiry results, from the plurality of respective terminal apparatuses.

Abstract: Provided is a method of generating a pilot pattern capable of perform adaptive channel estimation, and a method and apparatus of a base station and a method and apparatus of a terminal using the pilot pattern. The pilot pattern selects pilot symbol positions based on distances from pilots of previous orthogonal frequency division multiple access (OFDMA) symbols to a subcarrier position of a current OFDMA symbol in the frequency domain and the time domain, so that a low pilot density is maintained so as to effectively transmit data, and stable channel estimation performance can be obtained even in a bad channel environment. In addition, the minimum burst allocation size is determined according to the channel environment between the base station and the terminal, guaranteeing channel estimation performance suitable for the channel environment, and improving granularity, channel estimation latency, and channel estimation memory size.

Abstract: To provide a packet communicating apparatus that can reduce a padding area. A packet communicating apparatus used in a high speed packet communication in a radio mobile communication network includes: an SDU?PDU divider for dividing packet data to be transmitted to an opposite entity, into protocol data units; and a synchronous control signal generator 223 for jointly putting a control signal to change a protocol data unit length, on a padding area of a protocol data unit occurring at a time of the division.

Abstract: A distributed synchronization method in a communication network is disclosed. A number of stations exchange messages between themselves. A synchronization pattern characteristic of the clock reference of the sender is inserted into each message transmitted by a sender. The clock reference of each station is updated with the clock reference that it receives from another station of the network if, and only if, the received time is leading the clock reference. The update is done by calculating the difference ?X=T?a?Ta between the time of sending T?a of the message received by a station A and the time of reception Ta of the same message by the station B, and applying a correction 0<?Y<=?X if the received time of sending is leading by a quantity of at least ? (?X>?>0).

Abstract: Systems and methods are provided that facilitate distributed multichannel wireless communication and provide the highest level quality of service (“QoS”) guarantee and support extremely high bandwidth applications such as voice over internet protocol (“VOIP”) streaming audio and video content (including high definition), and multicast applications and also supports convergent networks, ad hoc networks, and the like. A modular MAC architecture provides a group of nodes with the ability to simultaneously communicate with each other using multiple separate communication channels during the same timeslots. The additional throughput gained by employing multiple communication channels is amplified by dynamically mapping the communication channels and timeslots in a network so that multiple channels can be reused simultaneously throughout the network during the same timeslot in a fashion that does not create collisions.

Abstract: A system and method for transmitting a traffic indication message in a Broadband Wireless Access communication system. A base station (BS) transmits the traffic indication message to mobile subscriber stations (MSSs). The traffic indication message includes information on a number of MSS groups and information on a number of traffic indication indexes, each of the MSS groups includes a predetermined number of MSSs, and each of the traffic indication indexes is assigned to each of the MSS groups, and includes a bitmap including a predetermined number of bits. The predetermined number of bits is identical to the number of the MSSs included in each of the MSS groups, each of the predetermined number of the bits is assigned to each of the MSSs included in each of the MSS groups, and represents operation instruction information for each of the MSSs.

Abstract: A communication procedure has been developed that allows even a low-rate CPU to perform stable communication so as to realized wireless network nodes, which have a long communication distance and also have a long battery life. Each wireless network node decides its own time slot number by use of random numbers and transmits it after delaying the transmission by the number of time slots. When receiving the unique number from the wireless network node, a master unit transmits, to the wireless network node, an ACK signal together with the unique number. When receiving its unique number, the wireless network node gets into a sleep state for a period of time. In this way, each time communication is established, the number of active wireless network nodes is reduced.

Abstract: A process to transfer a Time division Multiplexing (TDM) frame (1) over a MPLS network (2), the frame including a plurality of time slots (TS1, TS2, TS3) with specific bandwidths, including—identifying the corresponding bandwidth of the time slots of the frame (1);—creating and reserving into the MPLS network (2) for each time slot (TS1,TS2,TS3) of the frame a corresponding label switched path (LSP1, LSP2, LSP3) having a bandwidth substantially identical to the bandwidth of the time slot;—and routing each time slot (TS1, TS2, TS3) over the MPLS network (2) through a corresponding label switched path (LSP1, LSP2, LSP3).

Abstract: An integrated circuit includes a baseband processing module, an RF section, and an interface module. The baseband processing module converts an outbound voice signal into an outbound voice symbol stream; converts an inbound voice symbol stream into an inbound voice signal; converts outbound data into an outbound data symbol stream; converts an inbound data symbol stream into inbound data; converts outbound image/video data into an outbound image/video symbol stream; and converts an inbound image/video symbol stream into inbound image/video data.

Abstract: A method and apparatus that allocates bandwidth among wireless sensor nodes in wireless sensor groups in a wireless sensor network (WSN) is disclosed.

Abstract: Provided is an apparatus for matching Gigabit Ethernet (GbE) signals to an Optical Transport Hierarchy (OTH). The apparatus real-time records a source address and input port information of GbE Ethernet frames in a memory, compares a destination address of the Ethernet frame which is a payload of a GFP frame with memory table information, searches an output port location of the GbE, and interreceives GbE frames and Generic Frame Procedure (GFP) frames by multiplexing/demultiplexing.

Abstract: Communicating using a wireless mesh network is disclosed. A route is determined from a first node to each other node in the wireless mesh network including one or more intermediate nodes that receive and transmit the packet. A frame length used for communicating a packet is selected based on the routes from the first node to each other node in the wireless mesh network. Node to node communications are selected within the frame along the route such that a predetermined average communication latency time is achieved.

Abstract: Directional transmission and reception in mobile wireless ad hoc networks may include a number of nodes, in which there is at least a first node and a second node. Each node is associated with a time multiplex frame structure having multiple sub-frames. The sub-frames includes at least a first sub-frame, a second sub-frame, and a third sub-frame. Each of the sub-frames includes multiple time slots. The network further includes one or more directional antennas associated with each of the nodes. The first node of the network is configured to establish communication with the second node within one or more time slots corresponding to the first sub-frame in the time multiplex structure. The first node is also configured to reserve one or more time slots for data transmission with the second node within one or more time slots corresponding to the second sub-frame in the time multiplex structure.