Abstract: Dynamic adjustment of offset between timebases of separated electronic circuits is provided based on an amount of time between synchronization events, wherein a synchronization event is an event involving communication across a separation between the separated electronic circuits in order to synchronize the timebases. The dynamic adjustment can be dynamically or adaptively adjusting a margin of error to account for drift that may have occurred since a prior synchronization event. Adjustments might be done by applying a learning sequence to quantify and adjust for static or slowly varying delays between the timebases and coordinating the timebases using output of the learning sequence.

Abstract: A mobile station, a base station, a mobile communication system and a communication method enabling operations associated with simultaneous uplink reception in multiple stations to be simplified are provided. The base station includes a transmission timing determining unit determining a transmission timing based on scheduling conducted upon a data transmission request from a mobile station and notifying the mobile station of the transmission timing, and a receiving unit receiving data in accordance with the transmission timing.

Abstract: A synchronization device has a normal-signal generator, a reference-signal generator, and a phase difference detector. The normal-signal generator generates a normal signal whose timing is synchronized with a time signal from a satellite. The reference-signal generator generates a reference signal whose timing is synchronized with a received signal. The phase difference detector detects the phase difference between the reference signal and the normal signal. The normal-signal generator then controls the normal signal on the basis of the phase difference when the time signal cannot be obtained.

Abstract: Systems and methods provide a network's synchronization status to a terminal when the terminal receives a transmission from the network. This network synchronization status can be indicated in accordance with various methods including, but not limited to the following: with a status flag in a network message; in a network capability indication; in a network's positioning capability indication; cell/network time relation information; in a time relation information of different Radio Access Technologies; and implicitly with another parameter and/or by a request for a certain measurement. When the network's synchronization status is determined, accurate time information/time assistance data can be maintained at the terminal.

Abstract: A system for receiving data includes a receiver configured to receive a radio frequency communication signal comprising at least one superframe, the at least one superframe having at least a first data stream and a second data stream encoded therein, wherein the receiver decodes at least one of the first data stream and the second data stream.

Abstract: In a closed-loop wireless communication system, a codebook-based feedback mechanism is provided where each codeword indicates a particular profile to be used to provide a target performance measure (e.g., bit error rate or spectral efficiency) for the transmission channel. This may be accomplished by using a multi-stage quantization process to construct the codewords as a plurality of transmission parameters specifying a MIMO transmission scheme, precoding vector or matrix, power allocation in space/time/frequency, modulation and channel code.

Abstract: A method for wireless positioning is provided. The method for wireless positioning includes: acquiring synchronization with base stations; collecting a plurality of propagation delay taps for the base stations; determining a final propagation delay tap among the plurality of propagation delay taps; calculating a time difference of arrival (TDOA) value using the final propagation delay value; and deriving locations of the terminals using the calculated TDOA value. By this configuration, the positioning accuracy can be improved.

Abstract: A wireless communications system for performing data communications between a data transmission side wireless communications device and a data receiving side wireless communications device. In the system, random back-off access control is performed until a connection is established between the data transmission side wireless communications device and the data receiving side wireless communications device. Then, after the connection is established, asymmetric IFS access control is performed.

Abstract: An access point allocates a resource for ranging to an access terminal included therein, and receives a ranging channel that includes an identifier of the access terminal and a plurality of pilots. The AP checks the access terminal by using the received identifier, and measures a round trip delay of the access terminal based on the received pilots.

Abstract: Synchronization of two or more items can be optimized through the use of parallel execution of synchronization tasks and adaptable processing that monitors and adjusts for system loading. Two or more synchronization tasks required to be performed for an item can, if not inherently serial in nature, be performed in parallel, optimizing synchronization of the item. Even if multiple synchronization tasks required for one item must be serially executed, e.g., download the item prior to translating the item, these synchronization tasks can be executed in parallel for different items, optimizing a download request involving two or more items. Moreover, multiple threads for one or more synchronization tasks can be concurrently executed when supportable by the current operating system resources. Rules can be established to ensure synchronization activity is not degraded by the overextension of system resources.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for adaptively selecting a Peer-to-Peer (P2P) communication mode in a wireless communication system are provided. In a method of operating a Base Station (BS) for establishing a P2P connection between Mobile Stations (MSs) in the wireless communication system, the method includes, upon receiving a connection request message from a transmitting MS, broadcasting an instruction message to one or more neighbor MSs, receiving P2P-related information from a receiving MS among the neighbor MSs, selecting a communication mode by determining whether P2P communication is possible between MSs according to the P2P-related information and, if P2P communication is possible between the MSs, transmitting a connection response message to the transmitting MS and the receiving MS.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method of broadcasting and receiving a neighboring base station advertisement message in a wideband wireless access system and a handover method using the same. In the present invention, a base station broadcasts a neighboring base station advertisement message including information that indicates that frequency overlay is supported in neighboring base stations to terminals. The terminal confirms whether frequency overlay is supported in the neighboring base stations included in the neighboring base station advertisement message, and can perform handover to a frequency overlay supporting base station as a destination base station.

Abstract: A communication apparatus comprises a processing information acquiring unit to acquire a processing delay time, a transmission information acquiring unit to acquire each transmission delay time, a collecting unit to collect each arrival time from nodes onward from each of the subordinated nodes, a calculating unit to calculate the time after distribution data is received by the self-node until it arrives at each of the terminals as the arrival time from the home node onward for each of the nodes through which the distribution data is routed based on the processing delay time, the transmission delay times, and each the arrival time from the node onward, and a transmission control unit to control the transmission timing of the distribution data to at least one of the nodes based on the arrival times from the home node onward for each of the nodes.

Abstract: An air interface synchronization method is provided. The method includes that: a home-eNodeB which is not synchronized with an eNodeB, intercepts a synchronization subframe transmitted from the eNodeB and/or the home-eNodeB which was already synchronized with the eNodeB, a synchronization reference base station is selected from the base station which transmits the intercepted synchronization subframe, wherein the synchronization subframe includes a special synchronization channel for broadcasting synchronization sequence; the synchronization sequence is obtained, which is broadcasted in the special synchronization channel of the synchronization subframe transmitted by the synchronization reference station, and the synchronization with the synchronization base station is performed according to the synchronization sequence. Also, an air interface synchronization system, an eNodeB and a home-eNodeB are provided.

Abstract: Disclosed are systems and techniques by which a caller may specify a callee's telephone number and be connected directly to a carrier provided voice mail facility associated with the identified the telephone number, even though the callee's carrier may not be the same as the caller's carrier. In the disclosed technique, a telephony server places a “Send a call” request to a server which then sends a signaling call that busies out the channel associated with the callee. The telephony server places a second call (the actual voice message) upon confirmation that the signaling call has been initiated, forcing the second call to the carrier's voice mail facility associated with the callee, since the first signaling call busied the first channel. Prior to sending the signaling call, a database look up is performed to determine which carrier services the callee number. Once the carrier is determined, another memory look up is performed to determine the time delay associated with that carrier.

Abstract: Disclosed is a method capable of minimizing a period of time required for a handover network acquisition procedure when a handover occurs between communication networks which provide communication services using different mobile communication technologies. When a modem for a handover communication network performs network acquisition due to the occurrence of a handover, the modem previously extracts information about a handover channel from a Universal Handover Direction Message (UHDM), and uses the extracted channel information in a network acquisition procedure. Accordingly, the modem for a handover communication network can easily acquire a handover network even without using a preferred roaming list, and can omit an radio frequency (RF) tuning procedure by extracting a corresponding code division multiple access (CDMA) channel from the received UHDM, thereby reducing the total handover processing time period and increasing the success rate of the handover.

Abstract: Methods and apparatus related to peer to peer communication networks are described. A peer to peer timing structure is implemented which includes recurring peer discovery intervals and traffic intervals. During a peer discovery interval, a wireless communications device, supporting peer to peer communications, monitors for and receives a broadcast signal from another peer wireless communications device, recovers an identifier from the received broadcast signal, and stores the received identifier in memory. The identifier is one of a device identifier and a user identifier. The wireless communications device maintains a list of discovered identifiers in its vicinity. In some embodiments, paging intervals are also included in the recurring peer to peer timing structure. In various embodiments, a wireless communications device receives or sends a page to a peer node prior to sending or receiving user data in a traffic interval. Various features are directed to peer paging protocol implementations.

Abstract: Aspects of the invention provide a system and method to allow inroute frame timing synchronization without the aid of hub signal loopback or satellite ephemeris data. Furthermore, it allows tracking and compensating of the satellite motion to allow multiple remotes to use TDMA on the inroute frequencies, while minimizing the aperture. Two main techniques proposed are CLT and polling based approaches, which are used in combination for an optimum solution. In CLT based approach, hub transmits remote specific timing correction feedback messages on the outroute on as needed basis. In polling based approach, the remotes derive their timing based on a per-beam average delay estimate broadcast by the hub and a measured local delay specific to each outroute stream from a remote. An aspect of the invention uses triangulation method to determine satellite position. Furthermore, an aspect of the invention uses hub burst arrival method instead of polling approach.

Abstract: A configurable all-digital coherent demodulator system for spread spectrum digital communications is disclosed herein. The demodulator system includes an extended and long code demodulator (ELCD) coupled to a traffic channel demodulator (TCD) and a parameter estimator (PE). The demodulator also includes a pilot assisted correction device (PACD) that is coupled to the PE and the TCD. The ELCD provides a code-demodulated signal to the TCD and the PE. In turn, the TCD provides a demodulated output data signal to the PE. The PACD corrects the phase error of the demodulated output data based on an error estimate that is fed forward from the PE. Accumulation operations in the ELCD, TCD, and PE are all programmable. Similarly, a phase delay in the PACD is also programmable to provide synchronization with the error estimate from the PE.

Abstract: In one aspect, there is provided a method of processing a signal received using a wireless communication channel by a receiver in a wireless cellular network. In one embodiment, the method comprises receiving signal samples of a signal to be processed from a serving cell, identifying a second of dominant interfering cells generating an interfering signal, using a number of cells in the set to select an interference scenario, and using the selected interference scenario and at least one parameter related to the serving cell and the interfering cells to select a processing function for processing the signal.

Abstract: A method for transmitting data includes receiving at a first relay station first data from a parent station during a downlink period comprising a plurality of downlink zones. A network coding zone is one of the plurality of downlink zones and is located at an end of the downlink period, and the first data is received in at least one of the plurality of downlink zones other than the network coding zone. The method further includes receiving at the first relay station from a child station, second data during an uplink zone, and transmitting third data by the first relay station to the child station, during the network coding zone using a resource. The method further includes transmitting the third data to the parent station, during the network coding zone, using the resource. The third data results from the first data being effectively logically XOR-ed to the second data.

Abstract: A repeater that facilitates communication in a wireless environment comprises a scheduling component that analyzes a schedule relating to when communications are active in the forward link direction and when communications are active in the reverse link direction, the communications are subject to time division duplexing. An amplifier that amplifies received communications as a function of the schedule. The repeater can further comprise a configuration component that configures the amplifier to amplify the received communications in one or more of a forward link direction and a reverse link direction.

Abstract: In one embodiment, a system is configured to generate a time reference where the system includes a bi-directional loop configured to have a first propagation speed in a first direction and a second propagation speed in a second direction, wherein the first propagation speed is substantially equal to the second propagation speed. In one embodiment, the system further includes a plurality of system elements coupled to the bi-directional loop, wherein each respective system element of the plurality of system elements is configured to determine a time reference common to each as an average arrival time at the respective system element of a first signal transmitted in the first direction over the bi-directional loop and a second signal transmitted in the second direction over the bi-directional loop.

Abstract: A wireless terminal device including a time information obtaining part configured to obtain time information indicative of a period of time the wireless terminal device is unable to communicate with a first base station apparatus, a storing part configured to store peripheral cell information in correspondence with the time information, the peripheral cell information including an identifier for identifying a peripheral cell located in a periphery of a first cell in which the wireless terminal device is located before becoming unable to communicate with the first base station apparatus, and a reporting part configured to report the peripheral cell information and the time information to a second base station apparatus capable of communicating with the wireless terminal device.

Abstract: An apparatus is provided. The apparatus includes a plurality of transceivers arranged in a mesh network that each synchronously communicate with at least one other of the plurality of transceivers in an assigned slot of a TDMA channel, at least a first of the plurality of transceivers asynchronously transmitting a priority message on a priority channel that is different than the TDMA channel and at least a second of the plurality of transceivers that detects an information content of the asynchronous priority message on the priority channel and retransmits the detected information content synchronously on the TDMA channel to a third transceiver of the plurality of transceivers.

Abstract: A technique for locating a device uses connectivity to find a distance between an access point (AP) and a device. The AP transmits a frame to a device and receives an acknowledgement frame from the device. The amount of time for a signal to pass between the AP and the device is estimated and multiplied by the speed of light to find the distance between the AP and the device.

Abstract: An apparatus and method for reduces an overhead caused by an operation transition gap in a Relay Station (RS) of a relay wireless communication system. The method includes identifying a signal delay time with an upper node. A transmission/reception operation transition time is determined through a negotiation with the upper node. An idle time is identified. An overhead caused by a transmission/reception operation transition is determined with consideration of a start time point of an Uplink (UL) subframe dependent on the signal delay time, the transmission/reception operation transition time, and the idle time. And communication is performed considering the overhead. The start time point of the UL subframe is set earlier than a start time point of a UL subframe of the upper node in consideration of the idle time.

Abstract: According to one embodiment of the invention, a method for synchronizing access points in a wireless network includes determining a service set identifier of a selected access point in the wireless network. The service set identifier identifies a name of a wireless connection. The method also includes determining an virtual local area network corresponding to the determined service set identifier. The virtual local area network is located in an extended service set. The extended service set includes a group of basic service sets. The method further includes identifying one or more access points located in the virtual local area network. The method further includes configuring the identified one or more access points to match a plurality of service parameters of the selected access point.

Abstract: A user terminal transmits a preamble signal generated using a Zadoff-Chu sequence. A correlation processing unit calculates autocorrelation of a received preamble signal. A preamble detection unit detects a side peak position of the autocorrelation of the preamble signal and calculates the main correlation value representing correlation at the main peak position and the side correlation value representing correlation at the side peak position. A frequency offset estimation unit estimates frequency offset that has occurred in the wireless transmission path according to the main correlation value and the side correlation value.

Abstract: Techniques for transmitting data in a manner to support multi-user scheduling, multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) transmission, and interference cancellation are described. A base station assigns multiple time segments of a transmission time interval (TTI) to at least one terminal, maps data for each terminal to at least one time segment assigned to the terminal, and spreads the data in each time segment with at least one channelization code used in the TTI. A terminal receives an assignment of at least one time segment from among multiple time segments of the TTI, obtains input samples for the at least one time segment, and despreads the input samples with the at least one channelization code used in the TTI.

Abstract: Radio network controller includes a propagation delay acquisition part for acquiring a measurement value of a round-trip time between the base station device and the radio terminal, an offset acquisition part for acquiring an offset value indicating a delay at which the base station device transmits the information of transmitting power control to the radio terminal, from a reference timing, a channelization format determination part for determining the channel identification spread code transmitted to the base station device based on the measurement value of the round-trip time and the offset value acquired by the offset acquisition part, and a slot format determination part for determining the time slot information transmitted to the base station device based on the measurement value of the round-trip time and the offset value.

Abstract: Systems and methodologies are described that facilitate identifying peers based upon encoded signals during peer discovery in a peer to peer network. For example, direct signaling that partitions a time-frequency resource into a number of segments can be utilized to communicate an identifier within a peer discovery interval; thus, a particular segment selected for transmission can signal a portion of the identifier, while a remainder can be signaled based upon tones communicated within the selected segment. Moreover, a subset of symbols within the resource can be reserved (e.g., unused) to enable identifying and/or correcting timing offset. Further, signaling can be effectuated over a plurality of peer discovery intervals such that partial identifiers communicated during each of the peer discovery intervals can be linked (e.g., based upon overlapping bits and/or bloom filter information).

Abstract: A method includes receiving from a server, information that is based on an offset between a boundary of a synchronous capsule in a control channel cycle occurring at an access point and a boundary of a periodic pseudo-noise sequence, and synchronizing an access point to an absolute time based on the information. In addition, the method includes transmitting to the server a difference between a first boundary of a PN short code of a current sector and a second boundary of a PN short code of a reference sector.

Abstract: Peer-to-peer communication is established between applications in different Bluetooth enabled devices in a Bluetooth network by using Bluetooth protocol messages to discover peer-to-peer bus daemons. In the Bluetooth enabled computing devices, an initiating peer-to-peer bus daemon initiating a connection from a first device to a second device discovers an accepting peer-to-peer bus daemon at the second device. After the discovery of the accepting peer-to-peer bus daemon by the initiating peer-to-peer bus daemon, the initiating peer-to-peer bus daemon sends SDP protocol messages to find a named application available through the accepting peer-to-peer bus daemon. An extended inquiry response with a unique identifier is created and sent by the accepting peer-to-peer bus daemon to the initiating peer-to-peer bus daemon.

Abstract: Data is synchronized between a mobile device and a computing device over a wireless link. Synchronization operations are scheduled according to a synchronization schedule that is based on a current time of day. In one embodiment, the day can be divided into different time periods by the user. The user can also specify the frequency with which synchronization operations are to be performed during each specified period.

Abstract: A method of efficiently combining data from at least a plurality of a first type of data source and a second type of data source. The method comprises synchronizing the plural first type of data sources to thereby generate a synchronized data rate, providing a frame having plural bit positions, assigning the synchronized first type of data in ones of the bit positions of the frame, and arranging the second type of data in the frame as a function of the synchronized data rate.

Abstract: Simple and robust precise time synchronization of network subscribers is provided by a system having at least one head station with a satellite antenna and a receiving station receiving a satellite signal containing time information. Also included is a station clock having a network connection for the synchronization of the network subscribers using a real time network protocol. An electronic system, arranged in the head station or the station clock, receives the time information from the satellite signal. A bidirectional communication infrastructure connects the head station and the station clock.

Abstract: Disclosed is a multi-mode multi-band mobile communication terminal and a mode switching method thereof wherein a mode switching can be performed between an asynchronous network and a synchronous network by minimizing interruption in communication. According to the switching method of a multi-mode multi-band mobile communication terminal, the power of a signal received from an asynchronous network or a synchronous network is measured and the measured power of the received signal drives a modem portion, thereby switching the mode of the mobile communication terminal.

Abstract: A wireless communications device connected to a service network with a synchronized timing pattern therebetween is provided. In the wireless communications device, a wireless modem is configured to enable wireless signal transceiving from and to the service network in a non-sleep mode and disable wireless signal transceiving from and to the service network in a sleep mode. Also in the wireless communications device, a synchronization module is configured to initialize a first counter with a current time in the synchronized timing pattern in response to a first signal triggering the wireless modem to enter the sleep mode from the non-sleep mode, and enable counting of the first counter in a low-rate clock for the sleep mode. The synchronization module further provides the counted value of the first counter to the wireless modem to resynchronize with the service network in response to a second signal triggering the wireless modem to recover from the sleep mode to the non-sleep mode.

Abstract: A method for wireless communication between user equipments (UEs) and a base station in a wireless communication system that supports a first UE using a single band and a second UE using multiple bands is provided. In the method, UE receives, from the base station, resource allocation information including information regarding a downlink component carrier (CC) and an uplink CC allocated to the UE, receives the allocated downlink CC, and transmits the allocated uplink CC by applying a cell ID thereto. The allocated downlink CC is one of downlink CCs to which different cell IDs are applied, pairs of CCs are predefined by associating uplink CCs respectively with downlink CCs in order to support the first UE. When the allocated downlink and uplink CCs do not belong to the pairs of CCs, the applied cell ID is a cell ID of a downlink CC that is paired with the allocated uplink CC in the predefined pairs of CCs.

Abstract: In a control apparatus which transmits/receives data from a central processing unit via a serial transfer channel to a communication control unit, and groups/distributes data of input/output units from the communication control unit via a parallel transfer channel, the control apparatus initiates a diagnosing unit of the parallel transfer channel in response to an instruction issued from the central processing unit, and diagnosis the input/output units subsequent to the diagnosis of the transmission channel. Data input/output timing of the input/output unit is also instructed from the central processing unit, so that the central processing unit can suppress lowering of response speeds caused by the diagnoses, and can maintain the periodicity of the data input/output.

Abstract: A system for synchronizing stations in a communications network comprising: at least one airborne or space-based vehicle; and at least two stations, each station having receiver means in data communication with the at least one airborne or space-based vehicle and control means in data communication with the receiver means and in control communication with a communication means. When each receiver means receives a synchronization signal from the at least one airborne or space-based vehicle each receiver means forwards the synchronization signal to its respective control means. The respective control means processes the synchronization signal to determine the operational frequency required by its respective communication means to maintain or establish communication with the other station. The respective control means also operates to control its respective communication means to change to the determined operational frequency.

Abstract: Systems and methods that facilitate management of interference and communication resources are provided. A differential approach is devised in which other-sector interference (OSI) and communication resources are managed by adjusting an offset (delta) value associated with the resources in response to receiving an indication of other-sector interference. An OSI indication can be issued based on a short and a long time scale, and effective interference metrics over time-frequency resources. The adjusted delta value is communicated to a serving access point, which reassigns communication resources in order to mitigate other-sector interference.

Abstract: Methods and devices are provided for disambiguating the timing of uplink transmissions. In one embodiment, the method may involve receiving from a wireless network a global time value having a wraparound time longer than that of a system frame number for the network, the global time value being based at least in part on an overhead message conveying at least one parameter of a first radio access technology (RAT) different from a second RAT used by the network. The method may involve determining a current global time based on the received global time value, and sending an uplink message that includes the current global time as a global timestamp.

Abstract: Providing for retransmission of SFN data, including SFN operated MBMS data, in a manner that preserves synchronization of scheduled SFN transmissions is disclosed herein. As an example, SFN data can be transmitted in a first allocation period, and an un-received or indecipherable SFN data packet associated with the SFN data can be scheduled in a second allocation period. More particularly, the un-received or indecipherable SFN data packet can be allocated to a block of the second allocation period that is scheduled for non-SFN transmission, for instance. Accordingly, SFN retransmission can take place on a cell by cell basis without substantially affecting SFN transmissions synchronized among the cells.

Abstract: To determine whether a mobile terminal of a communications system has moved outside a locale, the terminal measures relative time offsets of signals received by the terminal from transmitters of the network, relative to each other or a reference. At a first time when the terminal is within a given locale, the time of receipt of signals received by the terminal from a plurality of the transmitters relative to a reference or each other are measured to create a first set of receive time offsets. At a second time, a second set of receive time offsets is measured. Change(s) in receive time offsets is/are calculated, and change(s) between the first and second times in transmission time offsets of the signals transmitted by at least one transmitter is/are obtained to determine movement indicators that are compared with threshold valuets to determine whether the mobile terminal has moved outside the locale.

Abstract: A mobile station uses a search window to search for a target pilot signal transmitted by a target transmitter in a spread spectrum communication system. The search window may be centered on the expected phase of the target pilot signal at the mobile station. To calculate the expected phase, the mobile station estimates a transmission delay associated with the target pilot signal, based on at least the target transmitter's location and the mobile station's location. The transmission delay may account for the time it takes for the target pilot signal to propagate from the target transmitter to the mobile station. The expected phase of the target pilot signal may then be calculated based on at least a nominal phase of the target pilot signal (e.g., the phase when transmitted by the target transmitter) and the estimated transmission delay.

Abstract: Wireless client devices within a wireless network exchange data with other wireless devices during particular time slots determined by the network. More particularly, the system generates and wirelessly broadcasts synchronization information to the client devices, where the synchronization information contains individual masks to be applied to bit fields of individual client devices, where said time slots are determined in accordance with the masked bit fields. In such a manner, client devices can be coordinated to communicate with the system in a dynamic real-time tiered manner.

Abstract: A method for wireless communication is disclosed that includes receiving a plurality of sets of transport blocks, each set of transport blocks associated with a radio link from a plurality of radio links in soft combining; performing a filtering operation of block errors in the plurality of radio links; and removing one or more radio links from the plurality of radio links in soft combining based on the filtering operation. An apparatus and processing system for performing the method are also disclosed.

Abstract: Systems for dynamic reallocation of bandwidth and modulation protocols is provided. In one embodiment, a radio head interface module comprises: a transmit buffer adapted to receive a data stream from a signal processing module and store the data stream as a page of data samples having a page header; a transmit engine; a digital upconverter, the transmit engine adapted to transfer the page of data samples from the transmit buffer to the digital upconverter; a configuration management unit adapted to receive reconfiguration information from the signal processing module, the reconfiguration information including at least one of air interface protocol parameters and bandwidth allocation information; and a memory adapted with digital upconverter parameters. The configuration management unit is accesses the memory to lookup associated digital upconverter parameters based on the reconfiguration information.