Abstract: Described herein is a silent period method and apparatus for dynamic spectrum management. The methods include configuration and coordination of silent periods across an aggregated channel in a wireless communication system. A silent period management entity (SPME) dynamically determines silent period schedules for channels based on system and device information and assigns a silent period duration and periodicity for each silent period. The SPME may reconfigure the silent period schedule based on system delay, system throughput, channel quality or channel management events. A silent period interpretation entity (SPIE) receives and implements the silent period schedule. The silent periods for the channels may be synchronized, independent, or set-synchronized.

Abstract: In one embodiment, a device receives data indicative of a routing topology of a network. The network includes a root node and each node in the network has an associated network depth relative to the root node in the routing topology. The device assigns the nodes in the network to timeslots of a channel-hopping communication schedule in order of their associated network depths. The device assigns transmit and receive actions to the timeslots of the communication schedule for a particular time such that parent-to-child and child-to-parent communications alternate with network depth in the timeslots. The device sends the communication schedule with the node and action assignments to one or more of the nodes in the network.

Abstract: Discovery of devices in a network of devices comprises assigning resources for the discovery, and providing accordingly at least two discovery patterns of transmission and reception phases for the devices in the network for communication of information between the devices. A device can transmit or receive information in accordance with a dedicated discovery pattern of transmission and reception phases allocated from a set of different discovery patterns.

Abstract: A wireless communication apparatus, system or method utilizing directional data transmission over a communication (e.g., mmW) band, and broadcasting time and directional allocations in each direction. Stations transmit beacons containing time, directional allocations and unallocated slots in their direction of transmission. Stations comparing beam identifications with received allocation to determine if the allocation is in the direction of reception. Stations performing receiver beamforming with a station from which a beacon was received in order to determine if the station can access the direction (channel) in its intended direction.

Abstract: A method, an apparatus, and a computer program product for wireless communication are provided. An apparatus may obtain information indicating that a portion of a first traffic flow to be transmitted on a first link is to be interrupted by a second traffic flow to be transmitted on the first link. The apparatus may transmit information associated with the portion of the first traffic flow on a second link. An apparatus may receive a first traffic flow on a first link and information associated with a portion of the first traffic flow on a second link, wherein the information associated with the portion of the first traffic flow indicates that the portion of the first traffic flow may be interrupted by a second traffic flow. The apparatus may selectively process the first link based on the information associated with the portion of the first traffic flow.

Abstract: A network node (110), a first device (111) and methods therein for managing a HARQ parameter indicating a number of autonomous HARQ transmission attempts to be applied for a transmission on at least one D2D link between the first device (111) and the second device (112) are disclosed. The method comprises determining (A010) a load relating to D2D communication between at least the first and second devices (111, 112). Next, the HARQ parameter is determined (A020) based on the load. Corresponding computer programs and carriers therefor are also disclosed.

Abstract: Various embodiments include methods for adjusting timing advance values on a mobile communication device that includes receiving, on the mobile communication device, a timing advance adjustment value from a base station and determining whether the timing advance adjustment value exceeds an adjustment threshold. The mobile communication device may ignore the timing advance adjustment value in response to determining that the timing advance adjustment value exceeds the adjustment threshold, and may adjust a timing advance value stored on the mobile communication device by the timing advance adjustment value in response to determining that the timing advance adjustment value does not exceed the adjustment threshold.

Abstract: Discovery of devices in a network of devices comprises assigning resources for the discovery, and providing accordingly at least two discovery patterns of transmission and reception phases for the devices in the network for communication of information between the devices. A device can transmit or receive information in accordance with a dedicated discovery pattern of transmission and reception phases allocated from a set of different discovery patterns.

Abstract: Aspects of the disclosure relate to minimizing the block error rate (BLER) experienced by a user equipment (UE) upon a downlink beam switch at the base station. The UE may measure the reference signal received power (RSRP) of each of a plurality of downlink beams during a beam sweep and modify an automatic gain control (AGC) state of the UE based on the difference in RSRP between a current downlink beam and an expected downlink beam expected to be selected by the base station for subsequent unicast downlink transmissions to the UE. In some examples, the expected downlink beam may have a highest RSRP among all of the measured RSRPs of the different downlink beams Other aspects, features, and embodiments are also claimed and described.

Abstract: The disclosed computer-implemented method may include (i) identifying, by a content delivery network, (a) a set of edge nodes that are managed by the content delivery network and that are distributed in a plurality of physical locations and (b) a set of augmented reality data, (ii) directing each edge node in the set of edge nodes to store a subset of the set of augmented reality data that is designated for use at a physical location that is serviced by the edge node, (iii) detecting a request from a mobile device for an item of augmented reality data, (iv) selecting a node within the set of edge nodes based at least in part on a proximity of the node to the mobile device, and (v) directing the node to send the item of augmented reality data to the mobile device. Various other methods, systems, and computer-readable media are also disclosed.

Abstract: Methods and apparatuses are provided for transmitting and receiving a signal using a sequence in a wireless communication system. The method includes receiving, from a base station, information indicating whether group hopping or sequence hopping for the reference signal is applied or not; transmitting, to the base station, the signal using a first sequence based on a plurality of sequence groups if the group hopping is applied; and transmitting, to the base station, the signal using a second sequence to which the sequence hopping is applied if the sequence hopping is applied and a number of resource blocks allocated for the second sequence is greater than or equal to a predetermined value.

Abstract: Exemplary embodiments include a system having a first wireless audio output device and a second wireless audio output device. One of the first or second audio output devices is configured to one of connect as a slave to a source device in a first piconet and connect as a master to the other one of the first or second audio output devices in a second piconet. The one of the first or second wireless audio output devices determines whether an audio packet transmitted by the source device via the first piconet was received by the first wireless audio output device and the second wireless audio output device, and, when at least one of the first wireless audio output device or the second wireless audio output device did not receive the audio packet, the audio packet is exchanged between the first and second wireless audio output devices via the second piconet.

Abstract: A mobile station operable to perform cell synchronization is described. The mobile station can process one or more synchronization signals received in a downlink from one or more base stations providing coverage in one or more cells. The mobile station can process the one or more synchronization signals received from the one or more base stations to synchronize the mobile station with the one or more base stations. The mobile station can adjust signals for communication from the mobile station in accordance with the cell synchronization performed at the mobile station.

Abstract: A method and device for transmission instruction, transmission triggering and transmission implementation for multi-station. A first station sends a radio frame carrying instruction information on a contended channel with a bandwidth being a first bandwidth to an access point, and the instruction information being used for instructing the access point to trigger the first station, or, trigger the first station and one or more other stations to perform uplink transmission.

Abstract: Techniques are described herein to dynamically control a number of hybrid automatic repeat requests (HARQ) transmissions based at least in part on flow characteristics of a data flow. Data included in a transport block may be grouped into one or more data flows based on a variety of factors. A set of performance benchmarks may be associated with each data flow. Flow characteristics for each data flow may be measured. A network entity may determine a number of HARQ transmissions to be transmitted during a HARQ procedure based on measured flow characteristics satisfying the performance benchmarks. For example, if a performance benchmark is not satisfied by its associated flow characteristic, the network entity may request additional HARQ transmissions during the HARQ procedure.

Abstract: A method for operating a wake-up radio (WUR) receiver of a receiving device includes receiving, from a transmitting device, information conveying a first mode of operation and a second mode of operation, wherein the first mode of operation is used for operating the WUR receiver of the receiving device when the transmitting device does not transmit any WUR beacons and the second mode of operation is used for operating the WUR receiver of the receiving device when the transmitting device transmits WUR beacons periodically, and determining, by the receiving device, that the transmitting device does not transmit any WUR beacons, and based thereon, operating, by the receiving device, the WUR receiver of the receiving device in accordance with the first mode of operation.

Abstract: A method of data communication includes: determining, by a first terminal, an idle channel, and transmitting a data handshake request carrying interruption information on the idle channel, wherein the interruption information at least includes an indication for interrupting a call of a traffic channel; receiving a data handshake response transmitted by a repeater; when the data handshake response is of a type allowing interruption, jumping to the traffic channel designated by the repeater according to a channel jumping indication included in the data handshake response; and when determining that a second terminal occupying the traffic channel making the call interrupts the call and releases a resource of the traffic channel, initiating a call on the traffic channel. The embodiments of the present invention can interrupt the call of the transmitting terminal and release the channel resource, and have strong flexibility and high efficiency.

Abstract: Provided is a communication control apparatus including a communication unit configured to perform communication with a radio communication apparatus of a communication system in which interleave division multiple access (IDMA) is used, and an interval control unit configured to dynamically change an interval of allocation of an interleaver used for IDMA by the radio communication apparatus.

Abstract: An enhanced resource indicator for channel state reporting for a wireless communication system is provided. In one example, a method comprises: obtaining, by a device comprising a processor, selected signal information and selected interference information from signal information and interference information, to transmit to a base station device of base station devices as part of a channel state information report sent to the base station device and responsive to resource signals received from the base station devices, wherein the selected signal information and the selected interference information are indicated in the channel state information report by a first index and a second index, respectively; and transmitting, by the device, the channel state information report to the base station device.

Abstract: A process for implementing temporary rules for network devices is described. In one embodiment, the process includes a controller receiving a manufacturer usage description (MUD) identifier from a first device. The controller retrieves a MUD file associated with the MUD identifier. The controller registers a device identifier associated with the first device with a delegated controller determined based on the MUD file. The delegated controller is configured to generate a dynamic policy for the first device. The controller receives a dynamic policy from the delegated controller for the first device. The dynamic policy may be configured to permit a communication session between the first device and a second device. The controller forwards the dynamic policy to an access control device in communication with the first device to enable the access control device to permit the communication session between the first device and the second device.

Abstract: A processing device and associated method are provided for receiving a connection request from an application running as a background process on a wireless communication device, and determining whether one or more random access procedure criteria of a random access procedure is met. The random access procedure establishes a communication connection of the wireless communication device for the connection request. In response to the determination that the one or more random access procedure criteria is met, at least one aspect of the random access procedure is restricted, utilizing one or more processors. Further, the random access procedure is performed with a restriction of the at least one aspect to establish the communication connection for the connection request.

Abstract: Systems, apparatuses, and methods for implementing a deskewing method for a physical layer interface on a multi-chip module are disclosed. A circuit connected to a plurality of communication lanes trains each lane to synchronize a local clock of the lane with a corresponding global clock at a beginning of a timing window. Next, the circuit symbol rotates each lane by a single step responsive to determining that all of the plurality of lanes have an incorrect symbol alignment. Responsive to determining that some but not all of the plurality of lanes have a correct symbol alignment, the circuit symbol rotates lanes which have an incorrect symbol alignment by a single step. When the end of the timing window has been reached, the circuit symbol rotates lanes which have a correct symbol alignment and adjusts a phase of a corresponding global clock to compensate for missed symbol rotations.

Abstract: A communications device to transmit data to a mobile communications network includes one or more network elements providing a wireless access interface for communication. The communications device includes a controller controlling a transmitter to transmit a random access message to a first network element via a random access channel of the wireless access interface common to one or more other communications devices, to receive in response an acknowledgement indicating an allocation of communications resources of a shared up-link channel for the communications device to transmit signals to the mobile communications network, or a negative acknowledgment indicating the communications device has not been allocated communications resources of the shared up-link channel.

Abstract: There is provided a communication control device including an acquisition unit configured to acquire a result of measurement by a terminal device, and a control unit configured to control switching of an operation mode of a base station of a small cell overlapping with a macro cell partially or wholly based on the result of the measurement. The switching is switching of the operation mode from one of a first mode and a second mode to the other. The first mode is a mode in which the base station can perform wireless communication with a device in the small cell, and the second mode is a mode that consumes less power than the first mode.

Abstract: A method and an apparatus for handling in-device coexistence interference in a user equipment are provided. The method includes receiving a list of non-serving Long Term Evolution (LTE) frequencies from a base station, configuring the non-serving LTE frequencies so as to perform a measurement on the configured non-serving LTE frequencies, and detecting a likelihood of in-device coexistence interference between at least one of the non-serving LTE frequencies and an Industrial, Scientific and Medical (ISM) frequency when an ISM activity is ongoing on the ISM frequency.

Abstract: A method is provided to enable handoff of an emergency services call between different network operators. A UE may establish a first call with a first network for a first network operator based on a first wireless access type, where the first call is an emergency services call to a PSAP. The UE may then determine impaired wireless coverage for the first wireless access type and unimpaired wireless coverage for a second wireless access type for a second network, where the second network is for a second network operator different to the first network operator. The UE may then establish a second call with the second network based on the second wireless access type, where the second call is a continuation of the first call to the PSAP. In embodiments, the first wireless access type is WiFi and the second wireless access type is cellular.

Abstract: Examples of the present disclosure provide a channel access period allocation method. The method includes: receiving, by an access point (AP), first information sent by a first station (STA) for requesting a dynamic service period (DSP) from the AP; and sending, by the AP, second information to the first STA to instruct the first STA to send a data frame to the AP in a first DSP, where a start time of the first DSP falls within a first preset time period following an end time of an SP of the first STA, and the first DSP requested by the first STA is pre-allocated to a second STA having a priority that is lower than that of the first STA, where a time delay of the first STA for sending the data frame to the AP satisfies a time delay requirement of a quality of service QoS in the first preset time period.

Abstract: A method for transmitting a signal in an unlicensed band in a wireless communication system according to one embodiment of the present invention is performed by a transmission node and comprising the steps of: receiving information about additional channel sensing from a center node; performing channel sensing for signal transmission during a first time period; when the channel is in an unoccupied state as a result of the channel sensing, performing additional channel sensing during a second time period immediately following the first time period according to the information about the additional channel sensing, the length of the second time period being determined according to a transmission priority level of the transmission node; and when the channel is in an unoccupied state as a result of the additional channel sensing, transmitting a signal.

Abstract: A system for determining communication channel characteristics includes a transmitter comprising a bit sequence generator and a frame processing and modulator unit, where the frame processing and modulator unit is configured to generate a transmission frame comprising an embedded bit sequence generated by the bit sequence generator and at least one embedded side channel field, the transmitter further configured to transmit the transmission frame over a communications channel, a receiver in communication with the transmitter over the communications channel and configured to receive the transmission frame, and a data processor, in communication with the receiver through a data processor interface, configured to receive the transmission frame from the receiver, the processor further configured to process the transmission frame to detect and analyze distortions in a waveform corresponding to the transmission frame generated during the transmission over the communications channel based on the embedded bit sequence

Abstract: Embodiments herein relate to a method performed by a network node (100,12,14) for performing allocation of at least a part of a spectrum of radio resources to one or more radio network nodes in a wireless communication network (1). The network node (100,12,14) receives condition data from the one or more radio network nodes, wherein each condition data indicates a condition of a respective radio network node out of the one or more radio network nodes. The network node (100,12,14) performs an allocation of at least a part of the spectrum of radio resources to the one or more radio network nodes based on the received condition data. The network node (100,12,14) transmits to the one or more network nodes, data indicating the allocation of the at least a part of the spectrum of radio resources for the one or more radio network nodes.

Abstract: A communication device of the disclosure includes a phase synchronizer, a modulator, and a controller. The phase synchronizer generates a second signal on a basis of a first signal received from a communication partner by selectively performing one of a closed loop operation and an open loop operation. The modulator is able to modulate the first signal on a basis of the second signal. The controller controls operations of the phase synchronizer and the modulator.

Abstract: Provided are a method for controlling a beamforming antenna to enhance transmitting/receiving performance and a wireless communication device performing the same in a TDMA-based wireless communication system. The wireless communication device includes a beamforming antenna, which is configured with omnidirectional antennas, including a central antenna and a plurality of parasitic antennas and a controller controlling a beamforming direction of the beamforming antenna by analyzing a signal received from other station. The method for controlling a beamforming antenna includes analyzing, by a wireless communication device having a beamforming antenna, which is configured with omnidirectional antennas, including a central antenna and a plurality of parasitic antennas, a signal received from other station to control a beamforming direction of the beamforming antenna.

Abstract: A radio module includes a first baseband part, a second radiofrequency part, a first power supply interface for the baseband part and a second power supply interface for the second radiofrequency part.

Abstract: Provided is a method for increasing the lifetime of devices of a cluster-tree structured multi-hop wireless communication system which uses a battery as the main power and includes an access point (AP) managing network operation and a plurality of devices connected to the AP, wherein some network devices operates as a router capable of having its child devices, the rest of the network device operate as an end device incapable of having its child devices, and the AP, the routers, and the end devices are connected in a parent-child device relationship. The method includes equalizing the average power consumption of each device by exchanging the roles of the router and the end device requiring different power consumption without interrupting normal network operation.

Abstract: A device and a method to send a resource discovery query to a local device to request per link resource information for a wireless link between a requesting device and the local device, to receive the requested per link resource information from the local device indicating resources the local device has available to allocate to the wireless link, and to establish the wireless link with the local device based on the resource information received are disclosed. The wireless link may be a point-to-point link, A device and method to allocate resources, from a set of resources available to the local device, on a per link basis, to receive a resource discovery query from a requesting device seeking per link resource information, and to send per link resource information to the requesting device indicating the resources the local device has available to allocate to the wireless link are disclosed.

Abstract: Techniques are described for wireless communication. A first method includes transmitting a first signal to indicate accessing a first channel in a radio frequency spectrum band, and transmitting information with the first signal in the radio frequency spectrum band. A second method includes winning contention to access a radio frequency spectrum band, and after the winning contention to access the radio frequency spectrum band, transmitting a first signal to align a starting point of a second signal with a reference boundary associated with the radio frequency spectrum band. A third method includes winning contention to access a radio frequency spectrum band during a first frame period, the first frame selected from a plurality of different frame periods, and transmitting a signal at a periodicity during one or more subframes of the first frame period for each of the plurality of different frame periods.

Abstract: A wireless transmit/receive unit (WTRU) receives first timing advances and first power control commands from a first eNodeB and second timing advances and second power control commands from a second eNodeB and transmits, to the first eNodeB, a first physical uplink control channel using a first uplink component carrier. The first physical uplink control channel has a first timing adjusted by the first timing advances but not by the second timing advances and a first power level adjusted by the first power control commands but not by the second power control commands. The WTRU transmits a second physical uplink control channel using a second uplink component carrier. The second physical uplink control channel has a second timing adjusted by the second timing advances but not by the first timing advances and a second power level adjusted by the second power control commands but not by the first power control commands.

Abstract: A method for reinforcing signals on coupled channels during idle periods transmits a first signal on a destination channel and a second signal on a source channel. The second signal is formulated to produce an optimal signal coupled into the destination channel to reinforce the first signal and is sent during idle periods in the source channel.

Abstract: A transmitting apparatus, a receiving apparatus, and a communication system are provided that allow a reduction in a frame loss due to interference caused by use of the same channel. A transmitting apparatus disposed in a base station includes a GPS receiver for receiving a GPS signal, a timing generator for controlling respective function blocks in accordance with the GPS signal and an inter-base-station control signal so as to precisely synchronize the timing of frame transmission among base stations, the front-end transmission processing unit including for converting transmission information into transmission time slots, a frame generator for generating a frame including a plurality of time slots and one frame guard, and a back-end transmission processing unit for transmitting the generated frame as a radio signal.

Abstract: A user station for a bus system and a method for broadband CAN communication are provided. The user station includes a control unit for controlling an access of the user station via a first bus system to a bus of a second bus system of the communication system, the first bus system being designed for a communication, in which at least at times an exclusive, collision-free access of one of at least two user stations of the communication system to a bus of the first bus system is ensured, and the bus of the second bus system having at least two channels, via which it is possible to transmit messages of the at least two user stations of the communication system in different separate frequency ranges temporally independently of one another.

Abstract: The present disclosure, for example, relates to one or more techniques for scaling the bandwidth of a carrier. Available sub-channels of an unlicensed radio frequency spectrum band may be determined, and the available sub-channels may be included in the carrier. The available sub-channels may be adjacent or non-adjacent sub-channels. The bandwidth of the carrier may be determined according to which sub-channels are included in the carrier. In this way, the bandwidth of the carrier may be scaled according to the available sub-channels in the unlicensed radio frequency spectrum band.

Abstract: A method of exchanging messages between a railroad communications system radio operating in accordance with a host-radio exchange protocol and a railroad messaging system. A communications manager of the railroad messaging system, operating in accordance with the host-radio exchange protocol, transmits a request to the radio requesting registration as a host of the radio. The communications manager is selectively registered with the radio as a primary host. The radio sends a message to the primary host identifying an available wireless link between the radio and another radio of the railroad communications system. Data messages, which include data being exchanged between the primary host and the primary host of the another radio across the wireless link, are exchanged between the radio and the primary host in accordance with the host-radio exchange protocol.

Abstract: Arrangements described herein provide a distributed means of scheduling communications directed towards a sink node from other nodes in a multi-hop wireless network. By listening for other messages assigning schedules to other nodes, each node is able to create its own local record of scheduled transmissions in its area. This allows each node to determine a preliminary schedule. Having said this, the parent node of the node will have additional information regarding the scheduled local transmissions. Accordingly, the node sends the preliminary schedule to its parent node for confirmation that it provides no collisions/conflicts with other scheduled transmissions. As the parent node is involved in the scheduling of each child node, it is better able to determine whether the child nodes are proposing schedules that may conflict with each other.

Abstract: According to certain embodiments, a method in a first wireless device (10A) comprises determining (100) an intended pilot sequence that the first wireless device (10A) intends to send to an access node (20), determining (112-116) whether another wireless device (10B; 10N) is using a similar pilot sequence, and transmitting (122) the intended pilot sequence to the access node (20) in a next available time instance in response to a determination that another wireless device (10B, 10N) is not using the similar pilot sequence.

Abstract: Techniques are described for wireless communication. A first method includes transmitting a first signal to indicate accessing a first channel in a radio frequency spectrum band, and transmitting information with the first signal in the radio frequency spectrum band. A second method includes winning contention to access a radio frequency spectrum band, and after the winning contention to access the radio frequency spectrum band, transmitting a first signal to align a starting point of a second signal with a reference boundary associated with the radio frequency spectrum band. A third method includes winning contention to access a radio frequency spectrum band during a first frame period, the first frame selected from a plurality of different frame periods, and transmitting a signal at a periodicity during one or more subframes of the first frame period for each of the plurality of different frame periods.

Abstract: A network device for a wireless local area network, specifically a TSCH MAC and IEEE 802.15.4e wireless network. The network device can wirelessly communicate with a plurality of wireless network nodes over at least one frequency channel according to a schedule which allocates cells to links. A cell is a timeslot on a frequency channel; and a link represents communication between two network nodes or a network node and the network device. The network device has a radio and a processor. The radio is operable to receive traffic information, comprising the number of packets each of the network nodes is planning to transmit during a scheduling period and the processor is configured to define a schedule. The schedule has at least one cell allocated to a link as a redundancy cell for communicating a packet when communication of a packet by the link during an earlier allocated cell fails.

Abstract: Methods, systems, and devices for wireless communication are described that provide for identifying uplink transmissions that are to be made using shortened transmission time intervals (sTTIs), and allocating uplink resources for such transmissions. A portion of the uplink resources may be reserved for reference signal transmissions, such as demodulation reference signal (DMRS) transmissions. Resources for a number of sTTIs may be aligned within a slot that comprises a number of orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) symbols, and one of the OFDM symbols may have resources reserved that are to be shared by two or more sTTIs within the slot for DMRS transmission. The reserved OFDM symbol may be shared by two overlapping sTTIs in which the reserved OFDM symbol is common between the two sTTIs. A DMRS sequence for each sTTI may be selected based on the allocated uplink resources for the sTTIs.

Abstract: Apparatuses, methods, and systems for interleaving sequential data in time and frequency domains are disclosed. One apparatus includes a processor that interleaves sequential data in time and frequency domains. The sequential data includes a first data occupying a first time-frequency resource and a second data occupying a second time-frequency resource, the second data sequentially follows the first data prior to interleaving, and the first data is separated from the second data by at least one time resource and at least one frequency resource after interleaving.

Abstract: Certain aspects of the present disclosure provide techniques for multi-stage channel reservation signals for direction transmission and reception. According to certain aspects, a method of wireless communication by a cell is provided. The method generally includes determining a portion of a shared spectrum for at least one of sending or receiving a transmission and transmitting a plurality of channel reservation signals associated with a plurality of beams to reserve the portion of the shared spectrum.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to a method for transmitting and receiving a beamformed data transmission transmitted from a radio base station to a user equipment over an unlicensed band. The data transmission is transmitted by the radio base station within one or more resource blocks of a subframe, each resource block being composed of a plurality of resource elements. The beamformed data transmission is generated by the radio base station by 1) applying a first precoding for generating a beam directionality towards the user equipment to a subset of all the resource elements used for transmitting the data transmission in the subframe, and 2) applying a second precoding, different from the first precoding, to the remaining resource elements used for transmitting the data transmission in the subframe so as to achieve a radiation pattern different from the beam directionality towards the user equipment.